CN111201988A - Method for treating and utilizing organic covering production waste - Google Patents
Method for treating and utilizing organic covering production waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111201988A CN111201988A CN202010042307.3A CN202010042307A CN111201988A CN 111201988 A CN111201988 A CN 111201988A CN 202010042307 A CN202010042307 A CN 202010042307A CN 111201988 A CN111201988 A CN 111201988A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of landscaping wastes, and particularly relates to a method for treating and utilizing organic mulch production wastes. The method for treating and utilizing the organic mulch production waste comprises the steps of collecting the waste, mixing the waste, composting and decomposing the waste, and preparing a seedling culture and culture medium, wherein the seedling culture medium comprises 20-30% of a composting product, 40-50% of peat soil, 2-5% of perlite and 5-25% of vermiculite in volume ratio; the volume ratio of each component in the culture medium is 30-40% of a composting product, 30-40% of peat soil, 2-5% of perlite and 5-25% of vermiculite. The utilization and treatment method can reduce and harmlessly treat the organic covering production waste, and can use the prepared plant seedling culture and cultivation medium in the processes of sowing, cutting and cultivation of horticultural plants, thereby realizing the effective resource utilization of the organic covering production waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of landscaping wastes, and particularly relates to a method for treating and utilizing organic mulch production wastes.
Background
The organic covering is characterized in that various organic biological materials are processed and treated by various production processes and then are laid on the soil surface around horticultural plants and trees and the greening ground surface, so that the effects of keeping soil moisture, adsorbing flying dust, adjusting soil temperature, increasing soil fertility, inhibiting weeds, promoting plant growth, reducing soil erosion and compactness, decorating and beautifying and the like are achieved, and in addition, landscaping wastes are effectively recycled.
In the production process of the organic covering, the crushed materials are firstly screened by a screen machine to obtain materials with proper particle sizes, the screened materials with large particle sizes are crushed and utilized again, the production waste materials with small particle sizes can not be used for producing the organic covering, the quantity of the production waste materials is increased along with the production of the organic covering, and if the production waste materials are not effectively treated and utilized, the incomplete treatment of garden green wastes can be caused, and the waste of organic resources can be caused. Therefore, the disposal and reuse of the organic mulch production waste becomes a problem that must be solved in the organic mulch production process.
Composting refers to the process of converting organic matters from an unstable state into stable humic substances through the fermentation action of microorganisms under the conditions of certain moisture, carbon-nitrogen ratio and ventilation under the condition of manual control, and playing a role in killing pests and diseases, wherein the composting product is a good organic fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for treating and utilizing organic mulch production waste, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art. The invention carries out composting treatment on the organic covering production waste, and prepares the plant seedling culture and cultivation medium by using the composting product, thereby not only carrying out reduction and harmless treatment on the organic covering production waste, but also carrying out effective resource utilization on the treated composting product.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a treatment of organic mulch production waste comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting organic covering production waste materials: collecting crushed tree with the particle size of less than 10mm in the production process of the organic covering, and transporting the crushed tree to the side of a fermentation tank for later use;
(2) mixing materials: mixing the organic covering production waste with livestock and poultry liquid dung to obtain a mixed material;
(3) composting and decomposing: adding a microbial agent into the mixed material, arranging a compost for fermentation and decomposition, monitoring the temperature of the compost, ensuring that the days of the temperature of the compost being higher than 55 ℃ in the fermentation process are more than 15 days, and performing compost curing treatment after the temperature of the compost is reduced to room temperature, stacking for two weeks without turning the compost, so as to obtain a compost product;
(4) preparing a seedling culture and cultivation medium: screening the stacked corrosion products, mixing the stacked corrosion products with peat soil, perlite and vermiculite according to a certain proportion to prepare the plant seedling or cultivation medium, wherein the plant seedling or cultivation medium is used for plant seedling with the particle size of 0-4 mm, and the plant cultivation medium is used for plant cultivation with the particle size of 0-10 mm.
Furthermore, the volume ratio of each component in the seedling raising substrate is 20-30% of a composting product, 40-50% of peat soil, 2-5% of perlite and 5-25% of vermiculite; the volume ratio of each component in the culture medium is 30-40% of the compost product, 30-40% of peat soil, 2-5% of perlite and 5-25% of vermiculite.
Further, when the organic covering production waste material and the livestock and poultry manure water are mixed in the step (2), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is controlled to be (25-35): 1, and the water content is 50% -65%.
Further, the microbial agent in the step (3) is a composite microbial agent and contains bacillus subtilis, clostridium, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 1-5 per mill of the mass of the mixture.
Further, the arrangement mode of the piles in the step (3) adopts a trough type composting mode to carry out arrangement, and a stack turning machine is used for turning the piles regularly.
Further, in the step (3), the organic matter content of the composting product is 66-72%, and the total nutrient content is 6.37-6.85%.
Further, the pile turning time is arranged according to the temperature of the pile during regular pile turning, the pile is turned once every two days when the temperature of the pile is lower than 50 ℃ in the initial pile turning period, and the pile is turned once every day when the temperature of the pile is higher than 50 ℃.
The seedling and cultivation medium is applied to the processes of plant sowing, cuttage and cultivation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention carries out composting treatment on the production waste of the organic covering material, and can effectively carry out reduction and harmless treatment on the production waste. In addition, the invention utilizes the compost product to prepare the plant seedling and cultivation medium, realizes the effective resource utilization of the organic covering production waste, has good application effect of the prepared plant seedling and cultivation medium in the aspects of plant seedling and cultivation, effectively and partially replaces non-renewable resources of peat in the preparation of the medium, can reduce the cost of the medium, and is beneficial to further popularization and application in the market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the temperature change of a heap during composting in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for treating and utilizing organic covering production waste comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting organic covering production waste materials: uniformly collecting materials with the particle size of less than 10mm obtained by sieving crushed materials in the production process of the organic covering, and transporting the materials to the side of a fermentation tank for later use;
(2) mixing materials: mixing organic covering production waste with livestock and poultry liquid dung to obtain a mixed material, supplementing a nitrogen source and water required in a composting process by adopting chicken liquid dung, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of a compost to be 30:1, adjusting the initial water content to be 65%, uniformly mixing the chicken manure and water which are calculated and weighed by a stirrer to obtain the chicken liquid dung, uniformly mixing the chicken liquid dung and the production waste, and composting in a fermentation tank;
(3) composting and decomposing: adding a microbial agent into the mixed material, arranging a compost for fermentation and decomposition, monitoring the temperature of the compost, measuring the temperature of the compost every day, reasonably arranging the pile turning time according to the temperature of the compost, turning the compost every two days when the temperature of the compost is lower than 50 ℃ at the initial stage of composting, turning the compost every day when the temperature of the compost is higher than 50 ℃, measuring the water content of the compost every week, properly adding dilute chicken manure water to adjust the water content of the compost according to the measurement result, and ensuring that the days when the temperature of the compost is higher than 55 ℃ are more than 15 days to obtain a compost product; the microbial agent is a composite microbial agent and comprises 25% of bacillus subtilis, 15% of yeast, 30% of aspergillus niger and 30% of trichoderma reesei by mass, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 3 per mill of the mass of the mixture.
When the temperature of the heap body is reduced to room temperature, the compost curing treatment is carried out, the heap is piled for 15 days without turning over, and the organic matters are further decomposed, stabilized and mineralized.
The temperature of the stack in the fermentation and decomposition process is shown in figure 1, and it can be seen from figure 1 that the temperature maintaining time of the stack at the temperature of more than 50 ℃ is about 60 days, the temperature maintaining time of the stack at the temperature of more than 55 ℃ is about 50 days, and the requirement that the days of the stack temperature higher than 55 ℃ is more than 15 days is met. The chemical index measurement is carried out on the fermented and decomposed product, and the pH value is 8.06, the organic matter content is 66.4 percent, and the total nutrient is 6.37 percent.
(4) Preparing a seedling culture substrate: sieving the stacked rot products, selecting the 0-4 mm stacked rot products, preparing a plant seedling culture medium with peat, perlite and vermiculite according to the proportion in the table 1, performing a plant seeding and seedling culture experiment by using the seedling culture medium without the stacked rot products as a control, and selecting short sunflowers as experimental plants.
TABLE 1 example 1 raw material composition (in volume fraction) of seedling substrate
| Experimental group | Heap rotting products | Peat coal | Perlite | Vermiculite |
| Example 1 | 20％ | 50％ | 5％ | 25％ |
| Control group | 0％ | 70％ | 5％ | 25％ |
The plant height, the plant diameter, the crown width and the leaf number of the short sunflower which is sown and cultured for one month are measured, the data are shown in a table 2, and the comparison shows that the growth vigor of the seedling culture substrate plant added with the compost product is superior to that of a control group, so that the seedling culture substrate added with the compost product has a good sowing and seedling culture effect.
TABLE 2 example 1 plant growth index for seedling substrate seedling test
Chemical index measurement is performed on the seedling substrate added with the compost product, and the pH value of the seedling substrate in example 1 is 6.56, the organic matter content is 63.0%, and the total nutrient is 3.68%.
Example 2
A method for treating and utilizing organic covering production waste comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting organic covering production waste materials: uniformly collecting and transporting materials with the particle size of less than 10mm, which are obtained by sieving crushed materials in the production process of the organic covering, to a fermentation tank for later use;
(2) mixing materials: mixing organic covering production waste with livestock and poultry liquid dung to obtain a mixed material, supplementing a nitrogen source and water required in a composting process by adopting chicken liquid dung, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of a compost to be 28:1, adjusting the initial water content to be 60%, uniformly mixing the chicken manure and water which are calculated and weighed by a stirrer to obtain the chicken liquid dung, uniformly mixing the chicken liquid dung and the production waste, and composting in a fermentation tank;
(3) composting and decomposing: adding a microbial agent into the mixed material, arranging a compost for fermentation and decomposition, monitoring the temperature of the compost, measuring the temperature of the compost every day, reasonably arranging the pile turning time according to the temperature of the compost, turning the compost every two days when the temperature of the compost is lower than 50 ℃ at the initial stage of composting, turning the compost every day when the temperature of the compost is higher than 50 ℃, measuring the water content of the compost every week, properly adding dilute chicken manure water to adjust the water content of the compost according to the measurement result, and ensuring that the days when the temperature of the compost is higher than 55 ℃ are more than 15 days to obtain a compost product; the microbial agent is a composite microbial agent and comprises 25% of bacillus subtilis, 15% of yeast, 30% of aspergillus niger and 30% of trichoderma reesei by mass, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 2.5 per mill of the mass of the mixture.
When the temperature of the heap body is reduced to room temperature, the compost curing treatment is carried out, the heap is piled for 20 days without turning over, and the organic matters are further decomposed, stabilized and mineralized.
(4) Preparing a culture medium: preparing a plant culture medium by using the compost product, peat, perlite and vermiculite according to the proportion shown in the table 3, and performing a plant sowing culture experiment by using the culture medium without the compost product as a control, wherein the experimental plant selects the seedling of the camellia balsamina with the growth cycle of two weeks and the plant height and growth vigor similar.
TABLE 3 example 2 raw material composition (in volume fraction) of cultivation substrate
| Experimental group | Heap rotting products | Peat coal | Perlite | Vermiculite |
| Example 2 | 35％ | 35％ | 5％ | 25％ |
| Control group | 0％ | 70％ | 5％ | 25％ |
The plant height, the plant diameter, the crown width and the leaf number of the garden balsam cultivated for one month are measured, the data are shown in a table 4, and the comparison shows that the growth vigor of the seedling raising substrate plant added with the composting product is superior to that of a control group, so that the cultivation substrate added with the composting product has a good effect of promoting the growth of the plant.
TABLE 4 plant growth index of cultivation substrate cultivation test in example 2
| Experimental group | Plant height (cm) | Crown width (cm) | Plant diameter (mm) | Number of blades |
| Example 2 | 25.0 | 15.0 | 8.27 | 25 |
| Control group | 19.0 | 11.0 | 6.13 | 17 |
The chemical index measurement is carried out on the culture medium added with the compost products, and the pH value of the culture medium in example 2 is 7.13, the organic matter content is 56.8 percent, and the total nutrient is 4.56 percent.
The above description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for treating and utilizing organic covering production waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting organic covering production waste materials: collecting crushed tree with the particle size of less than 10mm in the production process of the organic covering, and transporting the crushed tree to the side of a fermentation tank for later use;
(2) mixing materials: mixing the organic covering production waste with livestock and poultry liquid dung to obtain a mixed material;
(3) composting and decomposing: adding a microbial agent into the mixed material, arranging a compost for fermentation and decomposition, monitoring the temperature of the compost, ensuring that the days of the temperature of the compost being higher than 55 ℃ in the fermentation process are more than 15 days, performing compost curing treatment after the temperature of the compost is reduced to room temperature, and performing compost curing treatment for 15-20 days without turning the compost to obtain a compost product;
(4) preparing a seedling culture and cultivation medium: screening the stacked corrosion products, mixing the stacked corrosion products with peat soil, perlite and vermiculite according to a certain proportion to prepare the plant seedling or cultivation medium, wherein the plant seedling or cultivation medium is used for plant seedling with the particle size of 0-4 mm, and the plant cultivation medium is used for plant cultivation with the particle size of 0-10 mm.
2. The method for treating and utilizing the organic covering production waste material according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of each component in the seedling culture substrate is 20% -30% of heap-rotting products, 40% -50% of peat soil, 2% -5% of perlite and 5% -25% of vermiculite; the volume ratio of each component in the culture medium is 30-40% of a composting product, 30-40% of peat soil, 2-5% of perlite and 5-25% of vermiculite.
3. The method for treating and utilizing the organic covering production waste material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the mixture is controlled to be (25-35): 1 and the water content is controlled to be 50-65% when the organic covering production waste material is mixed with the livestock and poultry manure water in the step (2).
4. The method for treating and utilizing the production waste of the organic covering material according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent in the step (3) is a composite microbial agent comprising bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei, and the addition amount of the microbial agent is 1-5 per mill of the mass of the mixed material.
5. The method for processing and utilizing organic covering production waste material according to claim 1, wherein the heap layout in the step (3) is implemented by trough composting and is periodically turned by using a turner.
6. The method for treating and utilizing the organic covering material production waste material according to claim 1, wherein the heap-rotting product in the step (3) has an organic matter content of 66% to 72% and a total nutrient content of 6.37% to 6.85%.
7. The method for processing and utilizing organic mulch production waste according to claim 5 wherein the turning time is scheduled according to the temperature of the heap at regular turning, the initial heap temperature is less than 50 ℃ and is turned every two days, and the heap temperature is greater than 50 ℃ and is turned every day.
8. Use of a seedling, cultivation substrate according to claim 1 or 2 in the sowing, cutting and cultivation of horticultural plants.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112586312A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Mixed substrate for soilless lawn and production method of soilless lawn |
| CN112586311A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Cuttage substrate for propagation of lithospermum fargesii and cuttage propagation method |
| CN114258838A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-01 | 贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司 | Wine sorghum seedling culture medium based on vinasse and pit mud and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102295488A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-12-28 | 北京林业大学 | Mixed plant culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN102746043A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-24 | 上海市园林科学研究所 | Method for preparing seedling medium by using greening plant waste |
| CN103420730A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Hole-tray vegetable cultivation substrate |
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| CN114258838A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-01 | 贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司 | Wine sorghum seedling culture medium based on vinasse and pit mud and preparation method thereof |
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