CN111190306B - 显示装置 - Google Patents
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- CN111190306B CN111190306B CN202010122380.1A CN202010122380A CN111190306B CN 111190306 B CN111190306 B CN 111190306B CN 202010122380 A CN202010122380 A CN 202010122380A CN 111190306 B CN111190306 B CN 111190306B
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种显示装置,其中,包括:液晶层和设置在液晶层一侧的光吸收层;液晶层具有入光区和出光区,入光区和出光区位于液晶层远离光吸收层的一侧,液晶层靠近光吸收层的一侧设置有与出光区对应的反射件;光吸收层包括:第一遮光层、第二遮光层和位于第一遮光层与第二遮光层之间的填充层,第二遮光层位于第一遮光层与液晶层之间,第二遮光层上设置有第一开口;液晶层用于在显示装置处于暗态时,将从入光区射入的光线调制为第一折射光,第一折射光从第一开口射入填充层,并在第一遮光层与第二遮光层之间反射。本发明的显示装置可以改善暗态漏光的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,具体涉及一种显示装置。
背景技术
和薄膜晶体管液晶显示装置(Thin film transistor liquid crystal display,TFT-LCD)相比,具有指向性功能的反射式显示装置能够达到更高的光利用率,具有很好的应用前景。
但是目前的反射式显示装置中容易出现暗态漏光的问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,提出了一种显示装置。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种显示装置,其中,包括:液晶层和设置在所述液晶层一侧的光吸收层;
所述液晶层具有入光区和出光区,所述入光区和所述出光区位于所述液晶层远离所述光吸收层的一侧,所述液晶层靠近所述光吸收层的一侧设置有与所述出光区对应的反射件;
所述光吸收层包括:第一遮光层、第二遮光层和位于所述第一遮光层与所述第二遮光层之间的填充层,所述第二遮光层位于所述第一遮光层与所述液晶层之间,所述第二遮光层上设置有第一开口;
所述液晶层用于在所述显示装置处于暗态时,将从所述入光区射入的光线调制为第一折射光,所述第一折射光从所述第一开口射入所述填充层,并在所述第一遮光层与所述第二遮光层之间反射。
可选地,所述显示装置还包括背光模组,所述背光模组设置在所述液晶层背离所述光吸收层的一侧,所述背光模组用于向所述液晶层的入光区射入光线,并对所述液晶层的出光区射出的光线进行透射。
可选地,所述背光模组包括:导光板、光源组件和光学膜层;
所述导光板具有第一表面和朝向所述液晶层的第二表面,所述第二表面包括第一区域和第二区域,所述第一区域与所述液晶层的入光区对应,所述第二区域用于接收所述液晶层的出光区射出的光线;
所述光学膜层设置在所述导光板的第二表面上,所述光学膜层上设置有第二开口,所述第二开口将所述第一区域露出,所述光学膜层的折射率小于所述导光板的折射率;
所述光源组件与所述第一表面相对设置,用于朝向所述第一表面发射准直线偏振光,以使射入所述导光板的光线在所述导光板内全反射后从所述第一区域射出,并射入相应的所述入光区。
可选地,所述光源组件包括:准直光源和偏振片,所述准直光源用于朝向所述偏振片发射准直光线,所述偏振片位于所述导光板的第一表面与所述准直光源之间。
可选地,所述光学膜层与所述液晶层之间还设置第三遮光层,所述第三遮光层对应于所述入光区和所述出光区的位置均设置有第三开口。
可选地,所述填充层的折射率等于所述显示装置处于暗态时所述液晶层的折射率。
可选地,所述填充层的折射率在1.6~2.0之间。
可选地,所述填充层为透明膜层。
可选地,所述第一遮光层和所述第二遮光层之间的距离h、所述第一开口的宽度d满足以下公式:
2*h*tan(θ)>d;
其中,θ为射入所述填充层的光线与所述填充层厚度方向之间的夹角。
可选地,所述液晶层还用于在所述显示装置处于亮态时,将从所述入光区射入的光线调制为第二折射光,所述第二折射光射向所述光反射件,并被所述光反射件朝相应的所述出光区反射。
可选地,所述显示装置具有多个像素单元,所述入光区、所述出光区均与所述像素单元一一对应。
可选地,所述显示装置还包括驱动电极层,所述驱动电极层位于所述液晶层的至少一侧,用于为所述液晶层提供驱动电场。
可选地,所述驱动电极层包括第一电极层和第二电极层,所述第一电极层位于所述光吸收层背离所述液晶层的一侧,所述第二电极层位于所述液晶层背离所述光吸收层的一侧。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为对比例中的反射式显示装置的工作原理图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图之一;
图3为本发明实施例提供的光吸收层的结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图之二;
图5为本发明实施例提供的背光模组的结构示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的狭缝的等效宽度的示意图;
图7为本发明实施例提供的在背光模组上设置第三遮光层的示意图;
图8为本发明实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图之三。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
除非另作定义,本发明实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样,“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电性的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
图1为对比例中的反射式显示装置的工作原理图,如图1所示,当反射式显示装置处于亮态时,背光模组91发射的光线(如图1中实线箭头所示)从入光区A1射入液晶层92,这部分光线在液晶层92的偏转作用下照射至反射件94 上,被反射件94反射后从出光区A2射出。当反射式显示装置处于暗态时,背光模组91发射的光线(如图1中虚线箭头所示)从入光区A1射入液晶层92后,在液晶层92的偏转作用下照射至黑矩阵层93,从而无法从出光区A2射出。但是,由于反射式显示装置中的一些介质(如黑矩阵)具有一定的反射率,因此,当反射式显示装置处于暗态时,背光模组91发出的光线会在液晶层92中发生反射,反射后的光线一旦照射至反射件94上,将有可能从出光区A2射出,导致显示装置发生漏光。
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种显示装置,图2为本发明实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图之一,如图2所示,该显示装置包括:液晶层1和设置在液晶层1一侧的光吸收层2。液晶层1具有入光区1a和出光区1b,入光区1a和出光区1b位于液晶层1远离光吸收层2的一侧,液晶层1靠近光吸收层2的一侧设置有与出光区1b对应的反射件3。光吸收层2包括:第一遮光层21、第二遮光层22和位于第一遮光层21与第二遮光层22之间的填充层23,第二遮光层22 位于第一遮光层21与液晶层1之间,第二遮光层22上设置有第一开口22a。液晶层1用于在显示装置处于暗态时,将从入光区1a射入的光线调制为第一折射光(如图2中实线箭头所示),第一折射光从第一开口22a射入填充层23,并在第一遮光层21与第二遮光层22之间反射。
具体地,如图2所示,以显示装置中的一个像素单元为例,入光区1a设置在液晶层1的左侧,出光区1b设置在液晶层1的右侧,反射件3设置在液晶层 1的右侧、且位于出光区1b的上方,第一开口22a设置在反射件3的左侧,且将填充层23露出,露出的填充层23与液晶层1相接触。在本发明实施例中,当显示装置处于暗态时,液晶层1具有第一折射率,以将从入光区1a射入的光线调制为第一折射光,其中,第一折射率可以为1.8。填充层23的折射率可以与第一折射率相接近,以使第一折射光可以从液晶层1中射入至填充层23中。
在本发明实施例中,第一遮光层21和第二遮光层22可以采用反射率较低的材料。如图2所示,进入填充层23后的第一折射光在第一遮光层21和第二遮光层22之间来回反射,每次反射均有一部分光线被第一遮光层21和第二遮光层22吸收,使得第一折射光的能量逐渐衰减,最终被第一遮光层21和第二遮光层22所吸收。因此,采用本发明实施例的显示装置,当其处在暗态时,从入光区1a射入液晶层1中的光线可以射入光吸收层2中,而不会在液晶层1中发生反射,从而减少由此导致的暗态漏光的问题。
下面结合图2至图8 对本发明实施例的显示装置进行详细的解释说明,如图2所示,液晶层1还用于在显示装置处于亮态时,将从入光区1a射入的光线调制为第二折射光(如图2中虚线箭头所示),第二折射光射向光反射件3,并被光反射3件朝相应的出光区1b反射。
具体地,反射件3为反射棱镜,反射棱镜具有反射面,反射面倾斜于第二遮光层22,用于对第二折射光进行反射。反射棱镜的材料可以包括金属,或者,反射棱镜的表面涂覆有金属层。沿平行于图2纸面的方向,反射棱镜的截面可以为三角形。
当显示装置处于亮态时,可以控制液晶的偏转角度,使液晶层1具有较小的折射率,从而使第二折射光相较于从入光区1a射入的光线而言,向右侧发生较大程度地偏折,进而照射至反射件3上,并由反射件3反射至出光区1b;当显示装置处于暗态时,可以控制液晶的偏转角度,使液晶层1具有较大的折射率(即前文所述的第一折射率),从而使第一折射光相较于从入光区1a射入的光线而言,向左侧发生较大程度地偏折,从而使第一折射光可以射入被第一开口22a露出的填充层23中。
在一些具体实施例中,可以使填充层23的折射率设置在1.6~2.0之间,在本发明实施例中,优选地的使填充层23与第一折射率相等,例如填充层23的折射率为1.8,填充层23可以采用OC、树脂等材料。
在一些具体实施例中,填充层23为透明膜层,从而有利于显示装置实现透明显示。在本发明实施例中,透明膜层是指该膜层可以透过至少50%(例如,至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少90%或者至少95%)的可见波长范围内的入射光。
图3为本发明实施例提供的光吸收层的结构示意图,如图3所示,第一遮光层21和第二遮光层22之间的距离h、第一开口22a的宽度d满足以下公式:
2*h*tan(θ)>d;
其中,θ为射入填充层23的光线与填充层23厚度方向之间的夹角。需要说明的是,在本发明实施例中,第一开口22a的宽度d可以是指沿入光区1a到出光区1b的排列方向上,第一开口22a的尺寸。
图4为本发明实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图之二,图5为本发明实施例提供的背光模组的结构示意图,结合图2至图5所示,显示装置还包括背光模组4,背光模组4设置在液晶层1背离光吸收层2的一侧,背光模组4用于向液晶层1的入光区1a射入光线,并对液晶层1的出光区1b射出的光线进行透射。
具体地,背光模组4包括:导光板41、光源组件42和光学膜层43。导光板41具有第一表面411和朝向液晶层的第二表面412,第二表面412包括第一区域412a和第二区域412b,第一区域412a与液晶层1的入光区1a对应,第二区域412b用于接收液晶层1的出光区1b射出的光线。光学膜层43设置在导光板41的第二表面412上,光学膜层43上设置有第二开口43a,第二开口43a将第一区域412a露出,光学膜层43的折射率小于导光板41的折射率。例如,可以使导光板41的折射率在1.2至1.5之间,例如可以是1.5,光学膜层43的折射率小于1.3,例如可以是1.2。光源组件42与第一表面411相对设置,用于朝向第一表面411发射准直线偏振光,以使射入导光板41的光线在导光板41内全反射后从第一区域412a射出,并射入相应的入光区1a。
由于光学膜层43的折射率小于导光板41的折射率,因此,可以使准直线偏振光的入射角大于光学膜层43与导光板41界面全反射临界角,以使射入导光板41的光线在导光板41内全反射。第二开口43a中可以填充与导光板41的折射率接近的填充材料,以利于导光板41内全反射传播的光线可以从第一区域 412a射入液晶层。
由于第二开口43a为一较小的狭缝,因此,光线在经过第二开口43a时发生衍射,衍射光强可以通过I=I0*(sinα/α)^2公式计算得到,其中,I0为中央明纹光强,α是单缝边缘光线与中心光线的相位差,其随着狭缝的等效宽度的增大而增大。图6为本发明实施例提供的狭缝的等效宽度的示意图,如图6所示,等效宽度y=x*cos(δ),其中,x为狭缝的缝宽,δ为光线与光学膜层43厚度方向之间的夹角。当光线以小角度入射时,衍射角度范围较小,衍射现象较弱,当光线以大角度入射时,衍射角度范围较大,衍射现象明显。因此,在本发明实施例中,可以使光源组件42朝向第一表面411发射的准直光的入射角可以为75°±5°,从而使入射至第二开口43a中的光线的衍射光可以满足实际需要。
在一些具体实施例中,如图5所示,光源组件42包括:准直光源421和偏振片422,准直光源421用于朝向偏振片422发射准直光线,偏振片422位于导光板41的第一表面411与准直光源421之间。准直光源421可以包括发光件421a (诸如LED等)和灯罩421b,灯罩421b用于对发光件421a的发散光线进行反射,形成准直光束。在本发明实施例中,可以根据实际需要,选择相应的偏振片以使准直光源421射出的光线可以按照预定的偏振方向射入导光板41中。
图7为本发明实施例中提供的在背光模组上设置第三遮光层的示意图,结合图4和图7所示,光学膜层43与液晶层1之间还设置第三遮光层5,第三遮光层5对应于入光区1a的位置均设置有第三开口5a,对应于出光区1b的位置设置有第三开口5b,第三开口5a与第二开口43a对应连通。由于第三遮光层5 设置在光学膜层43和液晶层1之间,因此第三遮光层5可以防止侧向射入光学膜层43中的光线射入液晶层1中;同时,还可以防止沿光学膜层43到液晶层1 的方向传播的外界环境光进入液晶层1中。此外,对应于出光区1b的第三开口5b还可以限制出光的范围。
在一些具体实施例中,显示装置具有多个像素单元,多个像素单元可以成多行多列排布,入光区1a、出光区1b均与像素单元一一对应。
图8 为本发明实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图之三,结合图4和图8 所示,显示装置还包括驱动电极层,驱动电极层位于液晶层1的至少一侧,用于为液晶层1提供驱动电场。例如,在显示装置处于暗态时,驱动电极层可以向液晶层1提供高电压驱动信号,使液晶层1具有较大的折射率;在显示装置处于亮态时,驱动电极层可以向液晶层1提供低电压驱动信号,使液晶层1具有较小的折射率。驱动电极层包括第一电极层61和第二电极层62,第一电极层 61和第二电极层62可以设置在液晶层1的同一侧,也可以设置在液晶层1的不同侧。
在本发明实施例中,显示装置还可以包括衬底7和位于每个像素单元中的薄膜晶体管8,薄膜晶体管8设置在衬底7与光吸收层2之间。第一电极层61 可以为像素电极层,其包括多个像素电极,第二电极层62可以为公共电极层。当第一电极层61和第二电极层62设置在液晶层1的不同侧时,第一电极层61 位于薄膜晶体管8与光吸收层2之间,第二电极层62位于液晶层1背离光吸收层2的一侧,第三遮光层5设置在背光模组4和第二电极层62之间。第一电极层61和第二电极层62位于液晶层1的同一侧时,可以将第二电极层62设置在薄膜晶体管8与衬底7之间,或者,将第二电极层62设置为多个电极条结构,将第二电极层62的多个电极条结构与第一电极层61的多个像素电极同层且间隔设置。
综上,采用发明实施例的显示装置,可以在确保显示装置具有良好透过率的同时,明显改善显示装置处于暗态时的透光问题,进而提高了显示装置的亮暗对比度,增强显示效果。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (13)
1.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包括:液晶层和设置在所述液晶层一侧的光吸收层;
所述液晶层具有入光区和出光区,所述入光区和所述出光区位于所述液晶层远离所述光吸收层的一侧,所述液晶层靠近所述光吸收层的一侧设置有与所述出光区对应的反射件;
所述光吸收层包括:第一遮光层、第二遮光层和位于所述第一遮光层与所述第二遮光层之间的填充层,所述第二遮光层位于所述第一遮光层与所述液晶层之间,所述第二遮光层上设置有第一开口;
所述液晶层用于在所述显示装置处于暗态时,将从所述入光区射入的光线调制为第一折射光,所述第一折射光从所述第一开口射入所述填充层,并在所述第一遮光层与所述第二遮光层之间反射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述显示装置还包括背光模组,所述背光模组设置在所述液晶层背离所述光吸收层的一侧,所述背光模组用于向所述液晶层的入光区射入光线,并对所述液晶层的出光区射出的光线进行透射。
3.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述背光模组包括:导光板、光源组件和光学膜层;
所述导光板具有第一表面和朝向所述液晶层的第二表面,所述第二表面包括第一区域和第二区域,所述第一区域与所述液晶层的入光区对应,所述第二区域用于接收所述液晶层的出光区射出的光线;
所述光学膜层设置在所述导光板的第二表面上,所述光学膜层上设置有第二开口,所述第二开口将所述第一区域露出,所述光学膜层的折射率小于所述导光板的折射率;
所述光源组件与所述第一表面相对设置,用于朝向所述第一表面发射准直线偏振光,以使射入所述导光板的光线在所述导光板内全反射后从所述第一区域射出,并射入相应的所述入光区。
4.根据权利要求3所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述光源组件包括:准直光源和偏振片,所述准直光源用于朝向所述偏振片发射准直光线,所述偏振片位于所述导光板的第一表面与所述准直光源之间。
5.根据权利要求3所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述光学膜层与所述液晶层之间还设置第三遮光层,所述第三遮光层对应于所述入光区和所述出光区的位置均设置有第三开口。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述填充层的折射率等于所述显示装置处于暗态时所述液晶层的折射率。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述填充层的折射率在1.6~2.0之间。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述填充层为透明膜层。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述第一遮光层和所述第二遮光层之间的距离h、所述第一开口的宽度d满足以下公式:
2*h*tan(θ)>d;
其中,θ为射入所述填充层的光线与所述填充层厚度方向之间的夹角。
10.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述液晶层还用于在所述显示装置处于亮态时,将从所述入光区射入的光线调制为第二折射光,所述第二折射光射向所述反射件,并被所述反射件朝相应的所述出光区反射。
11.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述显示装置具有多个像素单元,所述入光区、所述出光区均与所述像素单元一一对应。
12.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述显示装置还包括驱动电极层,所述驱动电极层位于所述液晶层的至少一侧,用于为所述液晶层提供驱动电场。
13.根据权利要求12所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述驱动电极层包括第一电极层和第二电极层,所述第一电极层位于所述光吸收层背离所述液晶层的一侧,所述第二电极层位于所述液晶层背离所述光吸收层的一侧。
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