CN111171398B - 一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，属于手套防护技术领域。所述的手套由涤纶纱线或者棉布手套，经备料、胶料制备、刮胶、烘干硫化而成。本发明的方法制备的橡胶手套具有缓冲震动、高阻尼的效果，能有效减轻震动或撞击带来的手部损伤、穿戴舒适。且本发明的方法也大大降低了对环境的污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，属于手套防护技术领域。
背景技术
劳保手套是一种用来保护我们手部安全的器具。因为其具备特殊的防护功能，而这些功能是其它普通的手套所不具备的。各种防护手套因其功能的不同，所以它们使用的场所也会不同。在凿孔机、电锯等机械操作过程中，会发生剧烈的震动及噪音。如果长时间工作，手部会受到剧烈震动而发生损伤。因而在劳保手套贴附一层乳胶或者橡胶可以在一定程度上抑制震动，减少伤害。然而天然胶乳由于其分子链中缺乏大位阻基团，导致其阻尼降噪性能较差。且如果贴附一层天然胶乳发泡材料，天然胶乳需经除氨处理，除氨过程工艺复杂，容易造成环境污染。因此，现有的防护手套往往不能满足实际需要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明提供了一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，该方法制备的橡胶手套具有缓冲震动、高阻尼的效果，能有效减轻撞击或震动带来的手部损伤、穿戴舒适。且本发明的方法也大大降低了对环境的污染。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按配比准备原材料丁基胶乳、天然胶乳、硫化促进剂、硫磺、发泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂和活化剂；以天然胶乳为基础，丁基胶乳用量为天然乳胶用量的50％，硫化促进剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5-1.5％；硫磺用量为天然胶乳用量的1.0-2.0％；发泡剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5-1.5％；稳泡剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.6-0.6％；增稠剂用量为天然胶乳用量的1-3％；活化剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.05-0.1％；
(2)胶料制备：将步骤(1)备好的原材料加入到混合搅拌器，按照500-600r/min转速搅拌1h，控制发泡倍率1.4-1.6倍，得到发泡胶料；
(3)刮胶：将漏板模具加热到40-50℃，将手套套到手套磨具上，然后将手套模具放到漏板模具下面，用刮板立即进行刮胶，反复刮胶2-3次，表面平整，无明显缺胶、气泡；
(4)烘干硫化：将刮完胶立即将手套放到烘箱中进行干燥，干燥温度70℃，时间20分钟，然后进行升温硫化，硫化温度100-110℃，时间40-50分钟。
优选的，所述硫化促进剂为固含量50％的DPG研磨料。
优选的，所述硫磺为固含量为50％的研磨料。
优选的，所述发泡剂为油酸钾。
优选的，所述稳泡剂为十八烷基苯磺酸钠。
优选的，所述增稠剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
优选的，所述活化剂为二辛基硫代丁二酸钠。
进一步的，所述手套为涤纶纱线手套或棉布手套。
进一步的，所述天然胶乳质量浓度为61％。
进一步的，所述丁基胶乳质量浓度为55％。
天然橡胶(NR)具有良好的强度性能和弹性，其综合性能优于多数合成橡胶，因此广泛应用于各种橡胶制品中。但是NR的分子链柔顺，其阻尼性能和耐磨性能较差。丁基胶乳胶膜具有优良的耐热，耐候、耐臭氧老化及耐化学品性能，具有很好的气密性，被广泛用于轮胎帘线浸渍、粘合剂、防毒手套等方面，但其制品的阻尼性能也少用研究。本发明中采用天然胶乳和丁基胶乳并用，以天然胶乳为基础，丁基胶乳用量为天然乳胶用量的50％，二者按特定比例混用，同时添加适量的硫化促进剂、发泡剂等助剂，在保持发泡结构性能的同时，可以有效地提高发泡胶乳的阻尼性能，且该过程天然胶乳无需进行除氨处理，减少了环境污染。同时本发明特定用量的硫化促进剂不仅可以起到促进硫化的作用，还可以起到胶凝作用，利于乳胶的胶凝定型，为后续的泡孔定型提供充分的工艺时间，也侧面保证了制品的阻尼性能更加优异。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明采用特定配比的天然胶乳和丁基胶乳并用，保持发泡结构性能的同时，可以有效地提高发泡胶乳的阻尼性能，该过程天然胶乳无需进行除氨处理，减少了环境污染。
(2)本发明中适量硫化促进剂DPG/硫磺并用的硫化体系不仅可以起到促进硫化的作用，还可以起到胶凝作用，利于乳胶的胶凝定型，为后续的泡孔定型提供充分的工艺时间，保证了橡胶制品优良的阻尼性能。
(3)本发明所用适量活化剂二辛基硫代丁二酸钠，可改进胶乳的流平性、湿润性，防止气泡塌陷，减少表面缺陷。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按配比准备原材料丁基胶乳、天然胶乳、硫化促进剂、硫磺、发泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂和活化剂；以天然胶乳为基础，天然胶乳的质量浓度为61％；丁基胶乳用量为天然乳胶用量的50％，丁基胶乳的质量浓度为55％；硫化促进剂为固含量50％的DPG研磨料，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5％，；硫磺为固含量50％的研磨料，用量为天然胶乳用量的1.0％；发泡剂为油酸钾，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5％；稳泡剂为十八烷基苯磺酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.3％；增稠剂为聚丙烯酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的1％；活化剂为二辛基硫代丁二酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.05％；
(2)胶料制备：将步骤(1)备好的原材料加入到混合搅拌器，按照500r/min转速搅拌1h，控制发泡倍率1.4倍，得到发泡胶料；
(3)刮胶：将漏板模具加热到40℃，将手套套到手套磨具上，然后将手套模具放到漏板模具下面，用刮板立即进行刮胶，反复刮胶2-3次，表面平整，无明显缺胶、气泡；
(4)烘干硫化：将刮完胶立即将手套放到烘箱中进行干燥，干燥温度70℃，时间20分钟，然后进行升温硫化，硫化温度100℃，时间50分钟。
本发明所用的手套为涤纶纱线手套或棉布手套。
实施例2
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按配比准备原材料丁基胶乳、天然胶乳、硫化促进剂、硫磺、发泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂和活化剂；以天然胶乳为基础，天然胶乳的质量浓度为61％；丁基胶乳用量为天然乳胶用量的50％，丁基胶乳的质量浓度为55％；硫化促进剂为固含量50％的DPG研磨料，用量为天然胶乳用量的1.0％，；硫磺为固含量50％的研磨料，用量为天然胶乳用量的1.5％；发泡剂为油酸钾，用量为天然胶乳用量的1.0％；稳泡剂为十八烷基苯磺酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5％；增稠剂为聚丙烯酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的2％；活化剂为二辛基硫代丁二酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.08％；
(2)胶料制备：将步骤(1)备好的原材料加入到混合搅拌器，按照550r/min转速搅拌1h，控制发泡倍率1.5倍，得到发泡胶料；
(3)刮胶：将漏板模具加热到45℃，将手套套到手套磨具上，然后将手套模具放到漏板模具下面，用刮板立即进行刮胶，反复刮胶2-3次，表面平整，无明显缺胶、气泡；
(4)烘干硫化：将刮完胶立即将手套放到烘箱中进行干燥，干燥温度70℃，时间20分钟，然后进行升温硫化，硫化温度105℃，时间45分钟。
本发明所用的手套为涤纶纱线手套或棉布手套。
实施例3
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按配比准备原材料丁基胶乳、天然胶乳、硫化促进剂、硫磺、发泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂和活化剂；以天然胶乳为基础，天然胶乳的质量浓度为61％；丁基胶乳用量为天然乳胶用量的50％，丁基胶乳的质量浓度为55％；硫化促进剂为固含量50％的DPG研磨料，用量为天然胶乳用量的1.5％，；硫磺为固含量50％的研磨料，用量为天然胶乳用量的2.0％；发泡剂为油酸钾，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5％；稳泡剂为十八烷基苯磺酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.6％；增稠剂为聚丙烯酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的3％；活化剂为二辛基硫代丁二酸钠，用量为天然胶乳用量的0.1％；
(2)胶料制备：将步骤(1)备好的原材料加入到混合搅拌器，按照600r/min转速搅拌1h，控制发泡倍率1.6倍，得到发泡胶料；
(3)刮胶：将漏板模具加热到50℃，将手套套到手套磨具上，然后将手套模具放到漏板模具下面，用刮板立即进行刮胶，反复刮胶2-3次，表面平整，无明显缺胶、气泡；
(4)烘干硫化：将刮完胶立即将手套放到烘箱中进行干燥，干燥温度70℃，时间20分钟，然后进行升温硫化，硫化温度110℃，时间40分钟。
本发明所用的手套为涤纶纱线手套或棉布手套。
对比例1
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其具体步骤及原料用量同实施例2，唯一不同的是：原材料中不含有丁基胶乳。
对比例2
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其具体步骤及原料用量同实施例2，唯一不同的是：原材料中不含有天然胶乳，且其他所有原料的用量都以丁基胶乳的用量为基础。
对比例3
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其具体步骤及原料用量同实施例2，唯一不同的是：天然胶乳和丁基胶乳的重量比为1:0.3。
对比例4
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其具体步骤及原料用量同实施例2，唯一不同的是：天然胶乳和丁基胶乳的重量比为1:0.4。
对比例5
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其具体步骤及原料用量同实施例2，唯一不同的是：天然胶乳和丁基胶乳的重量比为1:1。
对比例6
一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其具体步骤及原料用量同实施例2，唯一不同的是：天然胶乳和丁基胶乳的重量比为1:2。
对上述实施例1-3和对比例1-6方法制备的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的性能进行检测，采用GB 24541-2009方法进行部分性能检测。具体检测结果如表1所示。
表1性能测试结果
本发明还研究了不同硫化促进剂添加量对所制备的橡胶手套阻尼性能的影响，具体结果如图1所示。从图1的数据可以看出，随着硫化促进剂添加比例的变化，发泡胶常温最大损耗因子呈现先增加后减少的趋势，在本发明的添加范围内，保持在较高的水平，这说明本发明合理调整各组分的用量，可能是天然胶乳与丁基胶乳反应形成C—C和C—O—C交联网络，并通过合理的硫磺与硫化促进剂并用形成互穿交联网络结构，增大了分子链间的摩擦力，使得胶料在常温下具有良好阻尼效果。
Claims (8)
1.一种阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按配比准备原材料丁基胶乳、天然胶乳、硫化促进剂、硫磺、发泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂和活化剂；以天然胶乳为基础，丁基胶乳用量为天然乳胶用量的50％，硫化促进剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5-1 .5％；硫磺用量为天然胶乳用量的1 .0-2.0％；
发泡剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.5-1.5％；稳泡剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.6-0.6％；增稠剂用量为天然胶乳用量的1-3％；活化剂用量为天然胶乳用量的0.05-0.1％；
(2)胶料制备：将步骤(1)备好的原材料加入到混合搅拌器，按照500-600r/min转速搅拌1h，得到发泡胶料；
(3)刮胶：将漏板模具加热到40-50℃，将手套套到手套模具上，然后将手套模具放到漏板模具下面，用刮板立即进行刮胶，反复刮胶2-3次，表面平整，无明显缺胶、气泡；
(4)烘干硫化：将刮完胶立即将手套放到烘箱中进行干燥，干燥温度70℃，时间20分钟，然后进行升温硫化，硫化温度100-110℃，时间40-50分钟，即得阻尼防撞橡胶手套；
所述天然胶乳质量浓度为61％；
所述丁基胶乳质量浓度为55％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，所述硫化促进剂为固含量50％的DPG研磨料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，所述硫磺为固含量为50％的研磨料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为油酸钾。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稳泡剂为十八烷基苯磺酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，所述增稠剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，所述活化剂为二辛基硫代丁二酸钠。
8.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼防撞橡胶手套的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述手套为涤纶纱线手套或棉布手套。
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