CN111139978A - Roof structure - Google Patents
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- CN111139978A CN111139978A CN201911049284.2A CN201911049284A CN111139978A CN 111139978 A CN111139978 A CN 111139978A CN 201911049284 A CN201911049284 A CN 201911049284A CN 111139978 A CN111139978 A CN 111139978A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The utility model provides a roofing structure, to roofing waterproof not good, construction installation is complicated, the heat bridge multisection can keep warm not good, and the low, the heavy problem of weight of assembled degree. The construction method comprises the following steps: comprises upper concrete, lower concrete and a heat insulation board; the insulation board is positioned between the lower concrete and the upper concrete, the insulation board is bonded with the lower concrete by using an adhesive, the upper end of a gap between the insulation boards is coated or scraped with the adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing, or/and the side surfaces of the joint of the insulation boards are bonded with each other, and the insulation board positioned at the parapet protruding out of the roof is bonded with the side surfaces of the parapet for waterproofing; and (3) bonding the upper concrete and the insulation board by using an adhesive, or/and engaging the upper part or/and the lower part of the insulation board with the dovetail grooves to be connected with the upper concrete or/and the lower concrete. The invention has important significance for solving common problems of roof waterproof quality and roof assembly type installation, greatly reducing the roof installation engineering quantity and building ultra-low energy consumption buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a roof construction.
Background
The building standard atlas "Flat roof building Structure" 12J201 is compiled according to "roof engineering technical Specification" GB 50345. The drawing sets page A8, construction numbers A19 and A20, stipulate that the construction of the roof from bottom to top is as follows:
the thick about 120 ~ 150mm of concrete roof board, 20mm thick cement mortar screed-coat, the coiled material steam trap (heating area needs to have the steam trap), the concrete layer of looking for the slope, the heat preservation, cement mortar screed-coat 20mm, waterproofing membrane (installing two waterproofing membrane more), it is low-grade cement mortar isolation layer 10mm on waterproofing membrane, isolation layer upper portion reinforced concrete protective layer 40mm, totally nine or ten layers, it is too troublesome, calculate cement mortar for the concrete, the gross thickness of concrete is 210 ~ 240 mm.
However, the roof is poor in waterproof performance, the waterproof durability of the roof is short, rain leakage often occurs, rain leakage of the roof is a common quality problem of buildings, and the guarantee period is only five years. When the roof leaks rain, the roof cannot find out which roof leaks rain, and no method is available for scrapping and removing all the layers on the concrete roof panel and then manufacturing the layers again, so that the waste is high and the building waste is large.
Many roof thermal bridges (thermal bridges are the channels for heat loss), for example, concrete parapet, concrete column on roof, roof concrete cornice are thermal bridges, see fig. 6. And the deformation joint is complicated in structure and is also a heat bridge, and the 10 deformation joint structural diagrams on pages 22 and 23 in the plain roof building structure 12J201 are shown. The roof concrete cornice board and the periphery of the concrete parapet have large heat insulation engineering quantity, and a large heat bridge is formed if heat is not insulated, so that construction of the ultra-low energy consumption building is greatly influenced.
The building industrialization is a large direction of the building industry, but the fabricated roof has a plurality of problems, such as the weight of the prefabricated concrete roof panel, the steel consumption, the specification of the prefabricated roof panel is small, the large-specification prefabricated roof panel cannot be formed, the prefabricated roof panel with the heat-insulation and waterproof functions cannot be prefabricated and installed, the assembly degree is low, the number of heat bridges is large, and the building energy conservation is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a roofing construction that solves the problems described in the background.
1. The invention relates to a roof structure, which comprises upper concrete, lower concrete and a heat insulation board; the insulation board is positioned between the lower portion concrete and the upper portion concrete, the insulation board is bonded with the lower portion concrete through an adhesive, the upper end of a gap between the insulation boards is coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing, or/and the side faces of the joint of the insulation boards are bonded with each other, or/and the upper portion or/and the lower portion of the insulation board are/is connected with the upper portion concrete or/and the lower portion concrete through dovetail groove occlusion.
The second roof structure of the invention is a prefabricated roof board for mounting the assembled roof; the prefabricated roof panel comprises lower reinforcing steel bars, upper reinforcing steel bars, lower concrete, upper concrete and a heat insulation board; the lower steel bars and the upper steel bars are respectively positioned in the lower concrete and the upper concrete, and the heat insulation plate is positioned between the lower concrete and the upper concrete; bonding and connecting the heat-insulating plate with the lower concrete by using an adhesive, coating or scraping the adhesive on the side surface of the joint of the heat-insulating plate of the prefabricated roof plate, and bonding the heat-insulating plates in the prefabricated roof plate; or the upper end of the gap between the heat-insulation boards is further coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting the low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing; coating or scraping an adhesive on the upper part of the heat insulation plate, bonding the poured upper concrete with the heat insulation plate, or/and connecting the upper part or/and the lower part of the heat insulation plate with the upper concrete or/and the lower concrete by using dovetail groove occlusion, forming a layer-by-layer surface connection structure between layers of the prefabricated roof plate, and forming a mutual bonding structure on the side surface of the joint of the heat insulation plate; when the end head or/and the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel is/are positioned at the joint of the support in the middle of the building, the upper concrete of the end head or/and the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, or the upper concrete and the insulation board retract to a certain width.
The third roof structure of the invention is a structure positioned at a deformation joint of a building roof; the deformation joint virginator side surface heat-insulating layer is continuously bonded with the roof heat-insulating layer, the outer end joint of the side surface heat-insulating layer of the parapet wall is coated or scraped with an adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing, and the heat-insulating layer at the top end of the parapet wall has an outward drainage slope; mounting a polyethylene foam plastic rod between gaps of the heat-insulating layers on two sides of the top end of the deformation joint of the equal-height parapet wall, and bonding and sealing the polyethylene foam plastic rod and the heat-insulating layer on the top end by using a waterproof sealing adhesive; a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the parapet heat-insulating layer, and waterproof protective buckle tiles are arranged on the protective layer at the top end of the parapet and the polyethylene foam plastic rod; at the deformation joint between the parapet wall on one side and the high-rise wall, the thickness of the high-rise wall insulation layer covers the deformation joint for water prevention, and inorganic fiber insulation material is installed at the gap between the lower end of the high-rise wall insulation layer and the roof parapet wall top insulation layer; and a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer, and a waterproof sealing adhesive is arranged at the outer end of the bottom of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer or at the bottom of the protective layer for sealing and waterproofing.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. according to the roof structure, the insulation boards are connected layer by layer (mainly bonded), waterproof sealing is carried out by brushing or scraping the upper ends of the gaps between the insulation boards with an adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity, or/and the side surfaces of the joints of the insulation boards are bonded with each other, so that the insulation boards can be used as waterproof layers. Although rainwater can permeate into the upper concrete cracks, the rainwater cannot penetrate through the heat-insulating plate to cause rain leakage engineering accidents, the waterproof requirement can be met generally without installing a roof waterproof coiled material or a rigid waterproof layer, the operation on a construction site is reduced, the engineering quality is favorably ensured, and the rainwater-proof heat-insulating plate is significant. Especially, organic heat insulation plates such as EPS plates and XPS plates have good waterproof performance. The large insulation boards which are as long and as wide as possible are selected, the joints are few, the engineering quantity of waterproof sealing at the joints of the insulation boards is small, and construction is simple.
If the cement polymer mortar for sticking the heat insulation board is stuck according to the whole area, the cement polymer mortar can be used as a waterproof layer, and the side surface of the EPS board joint is bonded and the upper end of the EPS board joint is sealed in a waterproof way, so that three waterproof ways are formed.
2. The prefabricated roof panel in the roof structure of the invention utilizes the layer-to-layer surface connection among the layers and the mutual bonding of the side surfaces of the seams of the heat insulation boards by adhesives to form a prefabricated roof panel which can bear force together, can meet the design requirement of bearing capacity without installing diagonal steel bars or diagonal steel wires, can reduce the thickness of the concrete at the lower part, and particularly meets the requirement that the fire endurance is not less than 1h by using thinner thickness when the concrete at the lower part is light aggregate concrete. According to the specification of Table 4.2.7 of JGJ51 in the technical Specification of lightweight aggregate concrete, the density of lightweight aggregate concrete is not more than 1600kg/m3When the heat conductivity is notMore than 0.8w/m.k, so that the thermal resistance of the lower concrete which is 60mmm thick lightweight aggregate concrete is about equal to that of common concrete with the thickness of 120mm, and the requirement that the fire endurance is not less than 1h can be met; common concrete is poor in heat insulation performance, once a fire disaster happens to the organic heat insulation layer, if the lower concrete is heavy concrete and is thinner, the organic heat insulation layer is easy to melt, and prefabricated roof panels bonded layer by layer are damaged, so that the heat insulation layer is very dangerous; therefore, the lower part of the roof plate needs to be thick due to the common heavy concrete, so that the safety of the roof plate in case of fire can be met, the weight is heavy, cement, sand and stone are wasted, the material consumption is increased, and the weight of the prefabricated roof plate is increased. Therefore, the consumption of steel, cement and sand can be reduced by about 50% by adopting the lightweight aggregate concrete with good heat insulation as the concrete at the lower part of the prefabricated roof panel, and the carbon emission in the construction stage can be reduced. The weight of the roof is reduced. Therefore, the weight of the concrete at the lower part is greatly reduced, and the prefabricated roof panel is light in weight.
The differences between layer-by-layer and layer-by-layer connections are described in the fourth paragraph, which is described at the end of this patent document.
3. According to the roof structure, the embedded steel plate is arranged in the concrete at the upper part of the roof or the prefabricated roof board, and the prefabricated building components required to be arranged on the roof are connected with the embedded steel plate to form the roof heat insulation broken bridge heat preservation structure, so that the roof structure has important significance for building an ultra-low energy consumption building which can save 90% of energy and for roof waterproofing.
The embedded steel plate on the roof is connected with the steel bars in the concrete on the upper part of the roof, usually welded, and various installed building components protruding out of the roof do not pass through the heat insulation plate and do not have a heat bridge, for example, a prefabricated parapet is installed to be connected with the embedded steel plate, and because the heat bridge does not exist, heat insulation engineering does not need to be carried out on the periphery of the parapet, so that the roof engineering quantity is greatly reduced, and the roof engineering cost is reduced; or the roof column is connected with the embedded steel plate when being installed, and a roof column heat bridge is not arranged. The existing roof columns are all anchored on the lower concrete roof panel through the insulating layer. Because the heat dissipation area of the roof of the top layer of the building is too large, the roof column is also a large heat bridge, which greatly influences the construction of the building with energy saving of 90% and energy consumption close to zero. When the building is designed with the cornice plate, the heat-insulating layer of the outer wall of the building is continuous with the heat-insulating layer of the roof, and the prior cornice plate heat bridge shown in figure 6 is not provided. The building member on the roof is connected with the embedded steel plate, so that the heat-insulating plate of the waterproof layer is not damaged, and the roof is naturally waterproof.
The prefabricated roof board and the assembled roof installed by the prefabricated roof board have good vapor permeability, and because waterproof coiled materials and vapor barriers are not arranged, materials of all layers have vapor permeability, indoor water vapor can penetrate through lower concrete, the insulation board and upper concrete of the roof to be emitted outdoors in winter, the roof vapor barriers are not needed, exhaust holes do not need to be formed in the roof, thermal bridges of the exhaust holes and horizontal exhaust channels do not exist, the insulation effect is not affected by moisture of the insulation board, and the engineering quantity of installing the exhaust holes and the horizontal exhaust channels is not generated. A steam-insulating layer can be arranged on the roof of a particularly humid room (such as a bathing pool on the top layer), a plastic buckle plate or a sticking tapestry brick can be arranged at the bottom of the ceiling, and the seam is waterproof and sealed. Otherwise, if a steam-insulating layer is arranged between the lower concrete and the heat-insulating plate, the durability of the roof engineering is affected and the sequelae are large if the durability of the roof engineering can not be guaranteed for 50 years due to a large variety of steam-insulating layer materials.
4. The prefabricated roof panel can be light in weight and is a prefabricated roof panel integrating bearing, heat preservation and water prevention. The method can form large-size roof boards instead of narrow-strip roof boards, can be produced as long as the size of the roof boards can be transported and hoisted, is simple to install and fix the prefabricated roof boards, changes nine or ten layered construction procedures from bottom to top, which are required to install exhaust holes and exhaust channels on the roof, into three procedures of gluing by using an adhesive during prefabrication, and has the advantages of simple seam processing engineering quantity, high installation speed and promotion of the building industrialization process.
5. When the roof structure is adopted, the roof is waterproof and reliable, the maintenance amount is small, and the maintenance is easy.
The selected adhesive and other materials can have the endurance life of not less than 50 years when not irradiated by ultraviolet rays, and the probability of rain leakage of the roof is very low. In case of rain leakage, the waterproof adhesive is not coated on the joint, the concrete on the upper part is locally chiseled at the position corresponding to the rain leakage position, the rain leakage position of the joint is easy to find out, the waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity is additionally coated, only local maintenance is carried out, the problem of large-area and complete rework of roof waterproof engineering is avoided, and building waste for roof maintenance is little.
6. The heat preservation on roofing movement joint department utilization parapet top is waterproof, and it is waterproof to utilize high-rise wall body heat preservation thickness to cover the movement joint, makes the movement joint waterproof reliable, and the durability is good, and the installation is simple to there is not movement joint heat bridge.
The roof provided by the invention has the advantages of good waterproof performance, simplicity in construction and installation, good durability, no thermal bridge, energy conservation and good heat preservation, and plays an important role in building ultra-low energy consumption buildings.
The invention is different from the prior art in that:
1. at present, no roof or prefabricated roof panel with waterproof performance and heat preservation performance without installing waterproof coiled materials or rigid waterproof layers is available.
The roof structure or the prefabricated roof plate structure formed by the invention utilizes the self waterproof performance of the heat insulation plate, and the heat insulation layer connected into a whole is a waterproof layer. This construction is not known, nor obvious, from existing roofing (including prefabricated roofing panels) constructions. If heated board seam installation waterproofing membrane both troublesome effect is still not good, because different waterproofing membrane quality difference is big, the endurance life is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the prefabricated roof plate and the large-area roof do not need to be provided with waterproof coiled materials or rigid waterproof layers except for the special part of the roof which possibly needs a small amount of waterproof coiled materials.
2. At present, no embedded steel plate is installed in the concrete on the upper part of the roof (including the prefabricated roof plate) so as to be used for connecting prefabricated building components (including steel parts) to be installed on the roof with the embedded steel plate to form a roof heat insulation broken bridge structure. Why is this? Because the existing roof structure is not a roof with layers connected, the existing roof structure does not have the condition of installing pre-buried steel plates.
The term interpretation in the technical Specification for roofing engineering GB50345 is 2.0.5 saying: the isolation layer is a structural layer for eliminating adverse effects such as adhesive force, mechanical biting force, chemical reaction and the like between two materials. Clause 5 of 4.1.2 specifies: an isolating layer is arranged between the rigid protecting layer and the coiled material and between the rigid protecting layer and the coating waterproof layer. 4.4.4 specified steam-isolating layers are arranged on the structural layer and below the heat-insulating layer. 4.7.1 provisions: the roof protection layer can be made of block materials, fine stone concrete and the like, the roof protection layer can be made of light-color paint, aluminum foil, mineral aggregate, cement mortar and the like, and the isolation layer material is made of cement mortar with the thickness of 10mm and low strength in the specification of table 4.7.8, namely the roof protection layer specified in the technical specification of roof engineering GB50345 is separated from the materials of the lower layers. Building standard atlas sets 'Flat roof building Structure' 12J201 stipulates that the roof protection layer uses 40mm thick fine stone concrete. The upper concrete of the roof is a roof protective layer, and when the roof is an assembled roof for mounting prefabricated roof boards, the upper concrete and lower layer materials jointly form a bending component.
Because the existing concrete protective layer at the upper part of the roof is not connected with all layers below, the embedded steel plate is useless when being installed on the roof, the concrete at the upper part is thin and has poor rigidity, the reinforcing bar is not calculated according to the stress, but is distributed for reducing the cracking of the concrete protective layer of the roof, the concrete at the upper part does not have the anchoring function for installing prefabricated building components (such as prefabricated parapet, prefabricated column and prefabricated artistic railing); it is also unsafe to install prefabricated parapets. Therefore, the embedded steel plate is not installed in the concrete on the upper part of the roof so as to be used for connecting the prefabricated building components protruding out of the roof with the embedded steel plate to form the roof heat insulation bridge-cut-off structure. The heat insulation construction amount of the periphery of the parapet wall is large, and the roof column is difficult to insulate heat and is a large heat bridge.
Why can the present invention install pre-buried steel plates in the upper concrete of a roof (including prefabricated roof panels)?
Because the concrete on the upper part of the roof is bonded with the heat-insulating plate, the heat-insulating plate is bonded with the concrete on the lower part, or/and the joint side surfaces of the heat-insulating plate are bonded with each other, the bonding force is not less than 0.1MPa or 10t/m2| A The embedded steel plate is welded with the steel bar in the upper concrete, and when the embedded steel plate is stressed, the steel bar passes throughThe stress of the pre-buried steel plate is transferred to the upper concrete with a larger area; the specification of the embedded steel plate is determined by structural calculation according to the bonding area required by the stress of the installed prefabricated building components, for example, the bonding area of the upper concrete and the roof heat-insulating layer corresponding to the embedded steel plate of 200 multiplied by 200mm is inevitably far larger than 400cm2Even by 400cm2The tensile strength of the steel plate and the heat-insulating layer EPS plate is not less than 400kg according to the calculation of the minimum bonding strength of 0.1MPa, the design can ensure that the anchoring safety requirement of the prefabricated part of the mounting roof can be met, the construction and the installation are simple, and the heat-insulating bridge cut-off structure of the prefabricated part of the mounting roof can be formed.
Therefore, even if the prefabricated roof board with thin concrete at the lower part is installed on the fabricated roof, layers of the roof are connected into a whole layer by layer, and materials of all layers are bonded with materials of the same layer, because a common stress component is formed, the stress of the concrete at the upper part is transferred to the whole roof board, the reinforcement in the concrete at the upper part and the concrete at the lower part is calculated according to a bending component, the stress of the prefabricated component for installing the roof is transferred to the fabricated roof through the embedded steel plate and the concrete at the upper part, and the joints of the heat-insulating boards are bonded into a whole mutually, so that the prefabricated roof board at the joints of the heat-insulating boards can be prevented from being sheared and broken.
The following conclusions are set forth in the final description of the present patent application from the force principle and the comparison of the calculation data: the layer-by-layer surface connection structure among all layers of the prefabricated roof plate and the mutual bonding structure among the adjacent heat insulation plates are the application of the 'conglomeration is force' principle in engineering, so that the rigidity of the roof plate is greatly increased, the bending-resistant section height of the roof is increased, and the using amounts of reinforcing steel bars, cement and gravels are greatly reduced.
3. At present, when no end or/and side edge of a prefabricated roof panel is/are located at the joint of a middle support of a building, the end or/and the upper concrete of the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, or the upper concrete and the insulation board both retract to a certain width, the insulation boards at the connecting part can be vertical surfaces as shown in figures 1-3, or stepped lap joint bonding or slope bonding, the joint crack of the prefabricated roof panel is not easy to occur, and the construction and the installation are convenient.
4. At present, there is no prefabricated roof panel with heat-insulating layer, which connects the heat-insulating layer with the lower concrete and upper concrete layer, and certainly there is no prefabricated roof panel whose lower concrete is light aggregate concrete or foam concrete or polyphenyl concrete or other light concrete meeting the strength requirement, and whose upper concrete is light aggregate concrete or common heavy concrete, so as to reduce the thickness of lower concrete, reduce the consumption of steel cement sand stone, reduce the weight of roof and meet the requirement of fire endurance.
The invention adopts the layer-to-layer surface connection structure among layers and the mutual bonding connection structure among the heat-insulation plates, so that the prefabricated roof plate and the assembled roof form a common stressed member and the bearing capacity requirement can be met; otherwise, even if the lightweight concrete meets the requirement of fire endurance, the thickness of the lower concrete is very thin, when materials of all layers are not connected layer by layer, the layers are dislocated when the lower concrete is bent under the action of load, and the lower concrete cannot meet the safety of bearing capacity under the independent stress and can be broken.
The building structure drawing compiled according to the roofing engineering technical specification GB50345 integrates the roofing specified in the flat roofing building structure 1.2J201 into nine or ten layers of structures, compared with the existing roofing technology, the roof structure provided by the invention has a much simpler structure, and solves the common quality problems of poor water resistance of the roofing engineering in the background technology, the problems that a plurality of thermal bridges are arranged on the roof, the construction of an ultra-low energy consumption building is influenced, and the assembly degree is low. The deformation joint of the roof is waterproof by the heat-insulating layer at the top end of the parapet wall, and the deformation joint is waterproof by covering the heat-insulating layer of the high-rise wall, so that the problems of the current roof engineering in the background art are solved comprehensively, and the roof structure has comprehensive advantages.
The prefabricated roof panels installed at present are all prefabricated concrete roof panels, namely prefabricated roof panels with the lower portion of concrete stressed independently, after the prefabricated roof panels are installed on a roof, all layers of materials are installed according to the existing nine-layer or ten-layer structure in the background technology, and steam exhaust pipelines and steam exhaust holes are needed to be installed, so that the installation is troublesome. At present, the prefabricated roof panel not only has the heat preservation function, but also has the bearing capacity and the waterproof function without the structure that the prefabricated roof panel of the invention bonds materials of each layer and bonds the side surfaces of adjacent heat preservation layers, and inclined steel bars or inclined steel wires do not need to be installed.
This is because many people think that the insulation board has low strength and cannot bear force. The member with the heat-insulating plate sandwiched therebetween is not suitable as a pressed member (such as a column) and is easily broken when pressed. The roof panels connected into a whole layer by layer are bending members, and the roof panels of the bending members are subjected to concrete compression and reinforcing steel bar tension at the upper and lower parts, so that the design requirement of bending resistance bearing capacity can be met; the heat insulating layer in the middle of the roof board is at the position with small tensile stress and small compressive stress, and the EPS board of the expanded polystyrene board is 10t/m at the strength of not less than 0.1MPa although the strength is low2| A Tests prove that the heat-insulating plate positioned in the middle can meet the requirement of stress transmission, the bending height and the bending rigidity of the cross section are increased, the strength and the thickness of concrete on the upper part and the lower part of the prefabricated roof plate are adjusted, the internal reinforcement of the concrete on the upper part and the internal reinforcement of the concrete on the lower part are adjusted, the thickness of the heat-insulating plate is adjusted, the prefabricated roof plate and the installed fabricated roof can meet the requirement of bending bearing capacity, the mid-span deflection is not more than an allowable value and the requirement of shearing resistance bearing capacity are easily met, and the consumption of the concrete and the reinforcing steel bars is reduced by about.
5. The existing roof is installed roof column, exhaust hole and other protruding roof components and roof connection position easy to leak water, is the roof waterproof construction difficulty. The invention uses the heat-insulating board as a waterproof layer, and the building components protruding out of the roof are connected with the embedded steel plate in the upper concrete on the heat-insulating board, so that the waterproof heat-insulating board is not damaged, and the roof of the invention has good waterproof performance.
Therefore, it seems that the installation of the embedded steel plate in the upper concrete of the roof or the prefabricated roof plate is simple, but the problem of reliable bonding of the upper concrete, the lower concrete and the heat insulation plate needs to be solved, the force transmission and stress principle of the roof or the prefabricated roof plate bonded layer by layer needs to be known, the reason why the prefabricated roof plate connected layer by layer and mutually bonded between adjacent heat insulation plates can be used as a common stress component is known, and the safety of anchoring the prefabricated building component and the embedded steel plate can be met by knowing the bonding strength layer by layer.
Many do not understand the material mechanics theory: when all parts forming the beam slab are bonded tightly without dislocation, the precast slab formed by combining different materials can be seen as a whole; it is not known that the flexural rigidity of roof panels bonded layer by layer according to the calculation of material mechanics is very high. Or some people understand the mechanics of materials theory and the concrete structure theory, but the roof waterproof and heat insulation problem does not belong to the mechanics and structure professional problem, the problem existing in the roof waterproof and heat insulation engineering for a long time is not solved through interdisciplinary research, and the adhesive used for reliably bonding the concrete layer and the heat insulation plate is unknown, so the invention is not provided.
The quality accident that the heated board of the outer heat preservation wall body of thin plastering often takes place to drop, its bad influence that causes has blurred people's cognition, so many people do not believe concrete or cement mortar and heated board can bond reliably. Researches find that the reason for the falling of the external wall insulation board is low price competition among dry powder mortar manufacturers and the content of redispersible dry powder glue in the dry powder mortar is too low. The water soluble adhesive, such as polymer emulsion and the prepared polymer cement mortar, polymer cement waterproof coating and polymer emulsion building waterproof coating, has the bonding strength in direct proportion to the concentration of the contained adhesive, and has higher adhesive concentration and high bonding strength, but the EPS board has lower tensile strength and the bonding strength with the EPS board is not less than 0.1 MPa. The adhesive with qualified performance is directly purchased by a user in a chemical plant, the adhesive is qualified in a bonding test according to a reference mixing proportion and then is used in production, and the polymer adhesive can also penetrate into the EPS board to a depth of 3-5 mm. As long as the adhesive quality is qualified, the concrete or cement mortar and other materials can be bonded with the insulation board as long as the concentration of the adhesive is ensured, the cost of the adhesive is greatly reduced, the content of the adhesive used in prefabrication and installation has transparency, the responsibility is clear, and the reliable bonding quality layer by layer can be ensured.
The invention proves that: the leading technology is the simpler.
From the above, it is clear that the invention needs to have cross-professional knowledge, such as mechanics and structure, building technology, building energy conservation, building physics (water vapor permeation and heat insulation layer moisture content belong to the building physics category), building thermal engineering, building construction, building waterproofing and the like. Knowledge of the chemical industry needs to be known, such as durable chemical adhesives and elastic waterproof sealants, knowledge of materials such as concrete, thermal insulation materials, and waterproof materials, knowledge of the properties of these materials and the implications of technical data, knowledge of technical specifications, and the ability to use these materials correctly. The invention is a principle invention because the patent applicant can not provide the invention only by a certain professional knowledge as a result of the accumulation of the knowledge learned in the building envelope technology studied for over ten years.
The roofing construction of the present invention is not known or obvious from the prior art roofing. Or what current roofing technology does not have the roofing structure of the present invention to solve the problems described in the background art?
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that when a prefabricated roof panel is installed on a support I-shaped steel beam in the middle of a building, a heat insulation board 5 and upper concrete 3-2 at the end of the prefabricated roof panel are both retracted to a certain width, and upper steel bars 2-2 in the upper concrete 3-2 are extended outwards; also shows that the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof panel is provided with an embedded steel plate 6, and shows that the installation seam is provided with the embedded steel plate 6; the position of the retraction width of the heat insulation board 5 stuck at the prefabricated roof board support when the prefabricated roof board is installed is shown; the method is characterized in that upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 of prefabricated roof panels on two sides of a steel beam are connected, upper concrete 3-2 is arranged on a heat insulation board 5 installed at the back, and cement mortar or fine stone concrete or cement polymer mortar 3-3 is poured between lower concrete at the joint of steel beam supports of the prefabricated roof panels.
Fig. 2 is substantially the same as fig. 1, except that only the upper concrete 3-2 at the end of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, and the width of the upper concrete at the joint needs to meet the requirements of connecting the upper steel bars 2-2 and installing the embedded steel plates 6.
Fig. 3 shows the prefabricated roof panel mounted on the support of the concrete beam without the prefabricated roof panel end edge insulation board 5 and the upper concrete 3-2 having retracted to a certain width. Fig. 3 also shows that the support seat is installed by mortar setting or fixed installation of mortar and iron pieces (preferably, mortar is set by cement polymer mortar), cement mortar or fine aggregate concrete or cement polymer mortar 3-3 is poured between the lower concrete at the joint of the support seat, then the insulation board 5 at the joint of the installation is pasted, the upper steel bars 2-2 at the two sides of the prefabricated roof panel are connected, and then the upper concrete 3-2 is poured. Fig. 3 also shows that the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof panel is provided with pre-embedded steel plates 6.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of an installation structure when the joint of the prefabricated roof panel is not positioned on the support, lower steel bars 2-1 at the joint are connected, (a formwork is erected) to pour lower concrete 3-1, an insulation board 5 is pasted and installed, upper steel bars 2-2 at the joint are connected, and upper concrete 3-2 is poured. It also means that the lower concrete 3-1 is lightweight concrete, and there is a thin steel plate 7 under the lower concrete.
Fig. 5 shows that the building has a cornice board, the upper part reinforcing steel bar 2-2 of the upper part concrete of the roof or the upper part concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof board is connected with the upper part hogging moment reinforcing steel bar 2-3 of the cornice board, and the roof or the prefabricated roof board heat preservation layer 5 is continuous with the outer wall heat preservation layer 5-1 without a cornice board heat bridge.
Fig. 6 shows that the current concrete cornice plate is connected with a concrete beam or a concrete wall of a building main body structure, the concrete cornice plate separates a roof insulation board and an outer wall insulation board, and the concrete cornice plate is a large channel for heat loss.
The figures show the prefabricated roof plate and the assembled roof structure installed by the prefabricated roof plate, and the lower concrete 3-1 of the prefabricated roof plate is very thin. The lower concrete 3-1 of the thicker load-bearing concrete roof panel poured on site is not shown, the lower concrete 3-1 of the prefabricated load-bearing concrete roof panel is not shown, but the waterproof structure of the concrete roof panel poured on site or the roof of the prefabricated load-bearing concrete roof panel is not influenced, the heat insulation bridge-cut-off structure of the roof is not influenced, because the structures are the same, the thicknesses of the lower concrete are different, in addition, the prefabricated roof panel and the assembled roof are connected layer by layer in application, and the thicker load-bearing concrete roof panel poured on site and the prefabricated load-bearing concrete roof panel are connected layer by layer, which cannot be reflected on drawings and can only be described by characters.
That is, the lower concrete 3-1 of the invention can be a cast-in-place load-bearing concrete slab, or a prefabricated concrete assembled roof slab bearing load alone (including in the first embodiment), or can be the lower concrete of the prefabricated roof slab stressed together by bonding all layers of materials into a whole, and at the moment, the lower concrete can be very thin, and the bending resistance height is large, so the reinforcing bars are few.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a waterproof and heat-insulating mounting structure at a deformation joint of a parapet wall of the thirteenth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a thermal insulating and waterproof mounting structure in a deformation joint between a parapet wall and a high-rise wall according to a thirteenth embodiment.
The lower concrete 3-1 shown in fig. 7 and 8 is a thicker load-bearing concrete roof panel, which may be a cast-in-place roof panel, or a prefabricated concrete roof panel installed in a prefabricated manner, or a thinner lower concrete 3-1 for layer-to-layer connection, because the lower concrete 3-1 is thin or thick regardless of the deformation joint structure.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the first implementation mode comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1 to 4 and 7, the roof structure of the present embodiment is composed of a lower concrete 3-1, a heat insulation board 5, and an upper concrete 3-2; the insulation board 5 is positioned between the lower concrete 3-1 and the upper concrete 3-2, the insulation board 5 is bonded with the lower concrete 3-1 by using an adhesive, when the lower concrete 3-1 is a load-bearing concrete roof board, cement polymer mortar can be used as the adhesive to be bonded with the insulation board 5, and the insulation board 5 can be bonded with the lower load-bearing concrete roof board only by adding sand for leveling; the upper ends of the gaps between the insulation boards 5 are coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing, or/and the side surfaces of the joints of the insulation boards 5 are bonded with each other; if the roof is provided with the parapet, the heat-insulation board 5-2 positioned at the parapet of the protruded roof is bonded with the side surface of the parapet for water prevention, and the heat-insulation board 5-2 positioned at the side surface of the parapet is bonded with the heat-insulation board 5 of the roof continuously; when the upper concrete 3-2 is poured, an adhesive is coated on the heat insulation plate 5 to bond the upper concrete 3-2 with the heat insulation plate 5, or/and the upper part or/and the lower part of the heat insulation plate 5 is/are occluded with the upper concrete 3-2 or/and the lower concrete 3-1 by using a dovetail groove; form a roof structure with heat preservation and water prevention functions.
The insulation board 5 is preferably an organic insulation board, such as an EPS board (molded foam polystyrene board), an XPS board (extruded polystyrene board) and the like, and the insulation board 5 may also be an isotropic inorganic insulation board satisfying freeze-thaw resistance requirements and micro-expansion (shrinkage crack is to be avoided), or a cast-in-place micro-expansion foam concrete (freezing-thaw resistance is to be satisfied).
The waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity is brushed or scraped on the upper end of the gap between the heat-insulating plates 5 for waterproof sealing, and secondary waterproof is carried out on the gap of the heat-insulating plates when the side faces of the joint of the heat-insulating plates 5 are bonded with each other, so that the waterproof sealing structure is more reliable than single waterproof.
The second embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that an embedded steel plate 6 is added, and the embedded steel plate 6 is arranged in the upper concrete 3-2 of the roof, so that prefabricated building components to be installed on the roof are connected with the embedded steel plate 6 when the roof is installed, and a heat-insulating, bridge-cut-off, heat-preserving and waterproof structure for the roof is formed.
The embedded steel plate 6 is connected with the steel bars in the upper concrete 3-2 in a welding mode most safely.
The steel plates are embedded in the concrete 3-1 at the lower part of the prefabricated roof panel, so that a ceiling is hung below the roof panel, and a heavy object can be hung conveniently. The embedded steel plates are connected with the steel bars in the concrete at the upper part and the lower part (the welding is safest).
The third embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that it is a prefabricated roof panel for installing a fabricated roof; a lower steel bar 2-1 and an upper steel bar 2-2 are additionally arranged, and the lower steel bar 2-1 and the upper steel bar 2-2 are respectively arranged in the lower concrete 3-1 and the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof panel; layers of the prefabricated roof board are bonded or/and engaged with each other through dovetail grooves to form a layer surface connecting structure, and the side surface of the joint of the heat-insulating board 5 of the prefabricated roof board is coated with or scraped with an adhesive to form a mutual bonding structure, the heat-insulating board 5 in the prefabricated roof board becomes a continuous heat-insulating board, and the prefabricated roof board and an assembled roof installed by the prefabricated roof board can form a common stressed component to meet the structural design requirement; the prefabricated roof panel has waterproof performance without installing waterproof coiled materials or installing rigid waterproof layers, and the prefabricated roof panel with the functions of bearing, waterproofing and heat insulation is formed.
On a production platform of a prefabricated roof panel, lower concrete 3-1 is poured firstly, an adhesive is coated on the surface of an insulation board 5, the insulation board 5 is adhered to the lower concrete 3-1, the upper surface of the insulation board 5 is coated with the adhesive, then upper concrete 3-2 is poured, the lower concrete 3-1, the upper concrete 3-2 and the middle insulation board 5 of the prefabricated roof panel are bonded, and the layer surface is connected. The adhesive can be cement polymer mortar, but sand thickening and leveling are not needed, so that the cement polymer adhesive without sand can be used, or cement can also be omitted, color is added into the polymer adhesive to be painted on the heat insulation board, the prefabrication is more convenient, the labor intensity is reduced, the adhesive is not cement and sand but the adhesive of high molecular polymer, and the color is added to ensure that the adhesive can be clearly painted so as to avoid missing the painting. During prefabrication, the heat insulation plate 5 is perforated by stainless steel pipes which are cut into inclined planes at certain intervals so as to discharge air possibly existing locally between the heat insulation plate 5 and the lower concrete 3-1 which is just poured, a small round bar of the heat insulation plate 5 needs to be filled in a hole on the upper portion of the heat insulation plate 5, waterproof adhesive is coated in the hole of the small round bar of the filled heat insulation plate 5, then the small round bar of the heat insulation plate 5 is filled in the hole for bonding, and waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity is coated or scraped on the periphery of the small round bar which is filled for waterproof sealing.
The prefabricated roof panel of the embodiment has shear-resistant bearing capacity without installing diagonal steel bars or diagonal steel wires to penetrate through the insulation board 5 to be connected with the upper concrete 3-2 and the lower concrete 3-1. For the prefabricated roof panel and the fabricated roof integrating bearing, heat preservation and water prevention, the side surfaces of the joint of the heat preservation plate 5 must be mutually bonded, which is necessary for ensuring that the prefabricated roof panel and the fabricated roof meet the structural stress safety, and not only have the waterproof function.
The function of the layer-by-layer bonding structure between the layers of the prefabricated roof panel and the mutual bonding structure between the adjacent insulation boards 5 in the present embodiment is described last in the present patent application.
The fourth embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the difference between the third embodiment and the second embodiment is that when the end or/and the side of the prefabricated roof panel is located at the joint of the middle support of the building, the upper concrete 3-2 of the end or/and the side of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, or both the upper concrete 3-2 and the insulation board 5 retract to a certain width, for example, to 50 to 200mm, that is, the end of the prefabricated roof panel at this location is L-shaped, and the lower concrete 3-1 protrudes out of the insulation board 5 and the upper concrete 3-2, see fig. 1; or the lower concrete 3-1 is flush with the end of the insulation board 5, and only the upper concrete 3-2 retracts to a certain width, as shown in figure 2; upper steel bars 2-2 in the upper concrete 3-2 extend outwards and are used for lap joint in construction and installation; this embodiment is often required when the girder is a steel beam, and the upper portion is narrow, or this configuration can be adopted even if the upper portion of the girder is wide.
The fifth embodiment: the present embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in that, when the prefabricated roof panel is installed and when the roof cornice is installed, the following installation structure is adopted according to the installation requirements of different parts:
1) when the heat insulation plate 5 and the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof board retract to a certain width, the heat insulation plate 5 which is installed later is pasted and installed at the position of the prefabricated roof boards on the two sides which retract to a certain width, as shown in figure 1;
2) when only the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, the later-installed heat-insulation board 5 is pasted and installed on the corresponding heat-insulation board part at the gap of the prefabricated roof panel support, as shown in figure 2;
3) when the heat insulation plate 5 and the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof plate do not retract to a certain width, the heat insulation plate 5 which is installed later is installed at the position of the heat insulation plate corresponding to the gap of the end at the position of the adjacent prefabricated roof plate support, and the position is shown in figure 3;
4) when the joints of the prefabricated roof boards are not positioned in the middle of the building on the support, connecting lower reinforcing steel bars 2-1 in lower concrete 3-1 at the joints of the adjacent prefabricated roof boards, pouring the lower concrete 3-1, and sticking a heat insulation board 5 on the poured lower concrete 3-1, as shown in figure 4;
5) when the cornice board is built, the heat-insulating layer 5-1 of the building outer wall and the roof heat-insulating layer 5 are continuously adhered and connected with each other, the structure can ensure that the cornice board does not generate a heat bridge as the structure of the current figure 6, and the hogging moment steel bar 2-3 of the roof cornice board is connected with the roof upper part steel bar 2-2, which is shown in figure 5;
the cornice plate can be prefabricated or cast by a field formwork; the upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 of the roof can be the upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 of the prefabricated roof board, or the upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 in the upper concrete 3-2 after the roof insulation board 5 is installed on site, then the upper concrete 3-2 is poured, the wall insulation layer 5-1 of the building is continuous with and mutually bonded with the roof insulation board 5, and the structure shown in the figure 5 is shown in the way;
in the construction and installation, cement mortar or fine stone concrete or cement polymer mortar 3-3 is poured at the lower concrete position corresponding to the gap position of the prefabricated roof panel support, the lower concrete 3-1 of the adjacent prefabricated roof panel is connected at the support position, the cement polymer mortar 3-3 is preferably poured, the strength is not easy to lose water, the heat insulation board 5 at the gap position of the later installation is bonded with the side surface of the adjacent heat insulation board 5, the heat insulation boards 5 of the assembled roof installed by the prefabricated roof panel are connected into a whole, or the upper end of the gap at the seam position between the heat insulation boards 5 is further coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting the low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing.
Embodiment six: the difference between the embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the embodiment connects upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 in upper concrete 3-2 of adjacent prefabricated roof panels with each other, then coats or scrapes an adhesive on the upper surface of a later-installed insulation board 5, and then pours the upper concrete 3-2 at a joint, so that the later-poured upper concrete 3-2 and the later-installed insulation board 5 are bonded into a whole, and the prefabricated roof panels can be installed into a continuous plate with a stressed structure; or an embedded steel plate is also arranged in the upper concrete 3-2 poured at the joint.
Embodiment seven: referring to fig. 1, a roof construction of the present embodiment is a prefabricated roof panel for installing fabricated roofs; the prefabricated roof panel consists of lower reinforcing steel bars 2-1, upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2, lower concrete 3-1, upper concrete 3-2 and a heat insulation board 5; the lower steel bar 2-1 and the upper steel bar 2-2 are respectively positioned in the lower concrete 3-1 and the upper concrete 3-2, the insulation board 5 is positioned between the lower concrete 3-1 and the upper concrete 3-2, the insulation board 5 is bonded and connected with the lower concrete 3-1 by using an adhesive, the side surface of the insulation board 5 of the prefabricated roof board is coated or scraped with the adhesive, and the insulation boards 5 in the prefabricated roof board are mutually bonded; layers of the prefabricated roof panels are bonded or/and engaged with each other through dovetail grooves to form a layer surface connecting structure, the heat insulation plates 5 in the prefabricated roof panels form a mutual bonding structure, and the heat insulation plates 5 in the prefabricated roof panels become continuous heat insulation plates; or the upper ends of the gaps between the heat insulation plates 5 are further coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing; coating or scraping an adhesive on the upper part of the heat insulation plate 5, bonding the poured upper concrete 3-2 with the heat insulation plate 5, or/and the upper part or/and the lower part of the heat insulation plate 5 is/are connected with the upper concrete 3-2 or/and the lower concrete 3-1 by dovetail groove occlusion, forming a layer-by-layer connection structure between layers of the prefabricated roof plate and a mutual bonding structure of the heat insulation plate 5, forming the prefabricated roof plate with the bearing, heat insulation and waterproof integrated function, and forming a common stress member by the fabricated roof installed by the prefabricated roof plate;
the prefabricated roof panel of the embodiment has shear-resistant bearing capacity without installing diagonal steel bars or diagonal steel wires to penetrate through the heat-insulating plate 5 to be connected with the upper concrete 3-2 and the lower concrete 3-1, and the prefabricated roof panel and the fabricated roof thereof are the prefabricated roof panel and the fabricated roof integrating bearing, heat insulation and water resistance;
further, when the end head or/and the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel is/are positioned at the joint of the support in the middle of the building, the upper concrete 3-2 of the end head or/and the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, or the upper concrete 3-2 and the insulation board 5 retract to a certain width; if the prefabricated roof panel retracts 50-200 mm, the end of the prefabricated roof panel at the position is L-shaped, and the lower concrete 3-1 protrudes out of the heat preservation plate 5 and the upper concrete 3-2, as shown in figure 1; or the lower concrete 3-1 is flush with the end of the insulation board 5, and only the upper concrete 3-2 retracts to a certain width, as shown in fig. 2, when only the upper concrete 3-2 retracts to a certain width, the prefabricated roof board easily meets the shearing resistance requirement of the end part during construction and installation; upper steel bars 2-2 in the upper concrete 3-2 extend outwards and are used for lap joint in construction and installation; this embodiment is often required when the girder is a steel beam, and the upper portion is narrow, or this configuration can be adopted even if the upper portion of the girder is wide.
The eighth embodiment: the difference between the embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that the pre-buried steel plate 6 is arranged in the upper concrete 3-2 or/and the lower concrete 3-1 of the prefabricated roof panel, and the pre-buried steel plate 6 is used for connecting prefabricated building components needing to be installed on the roof to form a heat-insulating bridge-cut-off heat-insulating waterproof structure of the roof.
The embedded steel plate 6 is connected with the steel bars in the upper concrete 3-2 in a welding mode most safely.
The ninth embodiment: the seventh or eighth embodiment is different from the seventh or eighth embodiment in that, when the prefabricated roof panel is installed and when the roof cornice is installed, the following installation structure is adopted according to the installation requirements of different parts:
1) when the heat insulation plate 5 and the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof board retract to a certain width, the heat insulation plate 5 which is installed later is pasted and installed at the position of the prefabricated roof boards on the two sides which retract to a certain width, as shown in figure 1;
2) when only the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, the later-installed heat-insulation board 5 is pasted and installed at the gap of the prefabricated roof panel support, as shown in figure 2;
3) when the heat insulation plate 5 and the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof plate do not retract to a certain width, the heat insulation plate 5 which is installed later is installed at the position of the heat insulation plate corresponding to the gap of the end at the position of the adjacent prefabricated roof plate support, and the position is shown in figure 3;
4) when the joints of the prefabricated roof boards are not positioned in the middle of the building on the support, connecting lower reinforcing steel bars 2-1 in lower concrete 3-1 at the joints of the adjacent prefabricated roof boards, pouring the lower concrete 3-1, and sticking a heat insulation board 5 on the poured lower concrete 3-1, as shown in figure 4;
5) when the cornice board is built, the heat-insulating layer 5-1 of the building outer wall and the roof heat-insulating layer 5 are continuously adhered and connected with each other, the structure can ensure that the cornice board does not generate a heat bridge as the structure of the current figure 6, and the hogging moment steel bar 2-3 of the roof cornice board is connected with the roof upper part steel bar 2-2, which is shown in figure 5;
the cornice plate can be prefabricated or cast by a field formwork; the upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 of the roof can be the upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 of the prefabricated roof board, or the upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 in the upper concrete 3-2 after the roof insulation board 5 is installed on site, then the upper concrete 3-2 is poured, the wall insulation layer 5-1 of the building is continuous with and mutually bonded with the roof insulation board 5, and the structure shown in the figure 5 is shown in the way;
in the construction and installation, cement mortar or fine aggregate concrete or cement polymer mortar 3-3 is required to be poured in the gap of the prefabricated roof panel support, and the cement polymer mortar 3-3 is best poured, so that the strength is not easy to lose due to water loss. The later-installed gap insulation boards 5 are bonded with the side faces of the adjacent insulation boards 5, the insulation boards 5 of the prefabricated roof board are connected into a whole, and waterproof adhesives meeting low-temperature elasticity are coated or scraped on the upper ends of the gaps at the seams between the insulation boards 5 for waterproof sealing.
Embodiment ten: referring to fig. 1 to 3, the difference between this embodiment and one of the seventh to ninth embodiments is that, referring to fig. 1 to 3, the concrete 3-1 at the lower part of the prefabricated roof panel is lightweight aggregate concrete, foam concrete, polyphenyl concrete or other lightweight concrete meeting the strength requirement; the upper concrete 3-2 is light aggregate concrete or common heavy concrete.
The aggregate of the light aggregate concrete is pumice, ceramsite, volcanic cinders and the like, the fine aggregate can also be EPS plate particles, and the light aggregate concrete added with the EPS plate particles as the fine aggregate has lighter weight, lower heat conductivity coefficient and better fire resistance than the light aggregate concrete taking sand as the fine aggregate, and can also meet certain strength requirement; the upper concrete 3-2 should be various concretes satisfying freeze-thaw resistance and weathering resistance, such as lightweight aggregate concrete or ordinary heavy concrete, but not suitable for use with foam concrete or polyphenyl concrete having low density and poor freeze-thaw resistance and weathering resistance.
Embodiment eleven: the difference between the embodiment and the tenth embodiment is that the embodiment connects upper reinforcing steel bars 2-2 in upper concrete 3-2 of adjacent prefabricated roof panels with each other, then coats or scrapes an adhesive on the upper surface of a later-installed insulation board 5, and then pours the upper concrete 3-2 at a joint, so that the later-poured upper concrete 3-2 and the later-installed insulation board 5 are bonded into a whole, and the prefabricated roof panels are installed into a continuous plate with a stressed structure; or the embedded steel plate 6 is also installed in the upper concrete 3-2 poured at the joint.
Embodiment twelve: the present embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in that the present embodiment has a thin steel plate 7 under the lower concrete 3-1 of the prefabricated roof panel, the thin steel plate 7 is bonded to the lower concrete 3-1 by an adhesive, and/or short reinforcing bars are attached to the thin steel plate 7. When the lower concrete 3-1 is foam concrete or polyphenyl concrete, the thin steel plate 7 below the lower concrete 3-1 helps to avoid cracking when the lower concrete 3-1 is lightweight concrete.
Embodiment thirteen: referring to fig. 7 and 8, the roofing structure of the embodiment is a structure located at a deformation joint of a building roof: the side surface heat insulation layer 5-2 of the parapet 1 at the deformation joint is continuously bonded with the roof heat insulation plate 5, the outer end seam of the side surface heat insulation layer 5-2 of the parapet 1 is coated or scraped with an adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing, and the heat insulation layer 5-2 at the top end of the parapet 1 has an outward drainage slope; mounting a polyethylene foam plastic rod 8 between the top end heat preservation layers 5-2 of deformation joints at two sides of the parapet wall 1 with equal height, as shown in figure 7, bonding and sealing a gap between the polyethylene foam plastic rod 8 and the top end heat preservation layers 5-2 by using a waterproof sealing adhesive 9, and adapting to larger deformation and good durability if the sealing material 9 is a silane modified polyether waterproof sealing adhesive, called MS glue for short; a protective layer 4 is arranged on the outer side of the parapet wall heat-insulating layer 5-2, and a waterproof protective buckle tile 10 is arranged on the protective layer 4 and the polyethylene foam plastic rod 8 on the top end of the parapet wall 1; at the deformation joint of the parapet 1 and the high-rise wall 1, the thickness of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer 5-2 covers the deformation joint for water prevention, see fig. 8, and inorganic fiber heat-insulating materials 5-3, such as aluminum silicate wool with the best fire resistance and the fire resistance temperature of 1000 ℃, are arranged at the gap between the lower end of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer 5-2 and the top heat-insulating layer 5-2 of the parapet 1; common inorganic fiber heat-insulating materials 5-3 such as glass fiber rock wool can be arranged at deformation joints between the double-side roof parapet walls 1 and between the high-rise wall body 1 and the roof parapet walls 1, the fire resistance temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the price is low; the protective layer 4 is arranged on the outer side of the heat-insulating layer 5-2 of the high-rise wall body 1, the protective layer 4 is recommended to be formed by coating an adhesive on the outer side of the heat-insulating layer 5-2 and then plastering, the fireproof performance is better than that of polymer mortar thin plastering, and the plastering can be cement mortar or heat-insulating mortar; and (3) adhering the bottom of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer 5-2 or the bottom of the protective layer 4 by using a waterproof sealing adhesive 9 for waterproof sealing, wherein the waterproof sealing adhesive 9 is MS glue. If the bottom of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer and the outer protection layer and the bottom of the protection layer of the lower parapet wall are directly bonded by cement polymer mortar instead of adopting a waterproof sealant adhesive 9 which can adapt to large displacement for sealing and waterproofing, the horizontal displacement of the high-rise layer and the low-rise layer is possibly inconsistent, and the bonding part of the bottom and the protection layer of the lower parapet wall has the risk of cracking and water inflow.
The heat preservation layer is installed on the top of the parapet wall, the parapet wall is heat-preserving and waterproof, and the deformation joint between the parapet wall and the high-rise wall is covered by the thickness of the heat preservation layer of the high-rise wall and waterproof. Compared with 10 deformation joint structures on pages 22 and 23 of 'flat roof building structure' 12J201, the deformation joint structure has the advantages of water resistance, reliability, good durability, simplicity in installation, no deformation joint heat bridge and significance for building ultra-low energy consumption buildings.
Description of the drawings:
firstly, the layer-to-layer connection structure between layers of the prefabricated roof panel and the mutual adhesion structure between adjacent insulation boards 5 have the following effects on the structure safety:
1. when the lower concrete 3-1 and the upper concrete 3-2 of the prefabricated roof panel are thin, the mutual bonding and connecting structure of the insulation boards 5 in the prefabricated roof panel is very important for meeting the bending bearing capacity of a normal section and the shearing bearing capacity of an oblique section of the prefabricated roof panel, the situation that the lower concrete 3-1 is too thin, the bending height is small and the prefabricated roof panel is broken can be avoided, the situation that the prefabricated roof panel is broken along the joint of the insulation boards 5 can be avoided, and the insulation boards 5 in the prefabricated roof panel have the equivalent shearing bearing capacity, so that the insulation boards 5 in the prefabricated roof panel are continuous.
2. The prefabricated roof plate has the advantages that the layer-by-layer surface connection structure among layers of the prefabricated roof plate and the mutual bonding structure of the side surfaces of the joint of the adjacent heat-insulation plates 5 are realized, namely the principle that the conglomeration is force is applied to engineering, the heat-insulation plates 5 not only have the energy-saving effect of heat-insulation buildings, but also greatly increase the rigidity of the roof plate, increase the height of a bending-resistant section, increase the bending-resistant bearing capacity and the shearing-resistant bearing capacity, and greatly reduce the using amounts of reinforcing steel bars, cement and gravels.
According to the theory of material mechanics, when all parts forming the beam slab are connected tightly and do not generate dislocation, the wallboard formed by combining different materials can be regarded as a whole, the heat insulation board and the upper and lower concrete do not generate dislocation, and when the heat insulation board is continuous, all parts of the beam slab are connected tightly and do not generate dislocation. The balance condition of the combined beam plate force is calculated to be the same as that of one material, but the elastic modulus of different materials is adopted in the calculation of deformation. The technical effects are as follows:
1) greatly increasing the bending rigidity of the cross section and having little bending deformation of the roof panel
For example, the prefabricated roof panels are provided with LC25 strength grades on the upper and lower parts, lightweight aggregate concrete with 60mm thickness on the lower part and 40mm on the upper part, EPS boards with 200mm thickness in the middle part, the total thickness of the prefabricated roof panels bonded layer by layer is 300mm, the bending rigidity EJ of the prefabricated roof panels is 3.5 times of the rigidity of common concrete boards with C25 strength grades and 150mm thickness, large-span prefabricated roof panels can be realized, the bending deformation of the roof is small, the requirement that the deflection does not exceed an allowable value is easily met, the requirement that the fire resistance limit is not less than 1h is met as before, and the requirement of the thermal insulation of the building roof with nearly zero energy consumption.
2) Greatly increase the bending height of the cross section and reduce the consumption of reinforcing steel bars
The EPS boards installed in the prefabricated roof boards of the flexural members can meet the requirement of stress transfer, and the upper and lower concrete internal reinforcements are calculated by using a concrete structure theory, wherein if the thickness of the prefabricated roof boards is 300mmm, the effective bending height is 270 mm; the effective bending height of the concrete roof slab with the thickness of 120-150 mm is only 90-120 mm, and the ratio of the bending height is 2.7-1.8 times, so that the using amount of the reinforcing steel bars can be reduced by 40-50%.
3) Greatly reducing the thickness of the lower concrete layer, reducing the consumption of cement and sand stone and lightening the weight of the roof
Not including concrete slope layer thickness(because the roofing of the invention also needs the roofing to find the slope layer), calculate according to the panel thickness of concrete roof 120-150 mm, include two levelling layers, isolating layer, protective layer, the total thickness of concrete in "flat roofing building structure" 12J201 is 210-240 mm. The total thickness of the upper concrete and the lower concrete of the assembled integral roof panel is only about 100-120 mm, so that the consumption of cement and gravel is saved by 50%, and the weight of the roof is reduced by about 200-250 kg/m2. Because each layer of the roof panel has good vapor permeability, waterproof coiled materials or film waterproof or rigid waterproof layers do not need to be installed, vapor barriers do not need to be installed, exhaust holes and exhaust pipelines do not need to be installed, the material consumption of reinforcing steel bars, cement, sand stones, waterproof coiled materials and vapor barriers is reduced, the construction procedures are reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Second, adhesive
The adhesive has more varieties, such as polymer emulsion and polymer cement waterproof coating prepared from the polymer emulsion, and polymer emulsion building waterproof coating. The adhesive can be a purchased raw material of the adhesive, or a polymer formed by adding other materials into the purchased raw material of the adhesive, firstly, the requirement of bonding strength is required to be met, the part greatly influenced by air temperature also needs to meet the requirement of low-temperature elasticity, and the adhesives at different parts can be different. Although sand may be added to these materials, such as to form polymer cement mortar, the sand does not act as a bond and is cumbersome and adds weight unless the adhesive at the bond requires a thickness to be filled with sand. The endurance life of various adhesives is not less than 50 years under the condition of not being irradiated by ultraviolet rays. The adhesive is coated or scraped on the surface of the heat insulation plate, so that the heat insulation plate can be bonded with wet concrete poured up and down, the heat insulation plates are bonded, or cement polymer mortar (sand is added because of leveling requirement) is used for bonding and connecting the heat insulation plate with a bearing concrete plate.
The waterproof sealing adhesive of the present patent application refers to a waterproof adhesive that can adapt to a part with a large relative displacement, such as MS glue. Only the gap meeting the shrinkage change of the outdoor winter and summer temperature difference can be prepared into a common waterproof adhesive by using the water-soluble adhesive meeting the low-temperature elasticity. Some adhesives can not adapt to larger relative displacement, can not meet the requirement of low-temperature elasticity, and can not be used as outdoor general waterproof adhesives. The MS glue is suitable for waterproof sealing under various conditions, but is high in price. The deformation joint has relatively great displacement on two sides, and the polyethylene foam plastic rod is installed between the gaps of the heat insulating layers on two sides of the deformation joint of the parapet walls of equal height and waterproof adhesive such as MS glue is used for sealing the outer end of the bottom of the heat insulating layer or the bottom of the protective layer of the high-rise wall body.
Third, about the dovetail groove interlock connection
In fact, as long as the bonding quality is guaranteed, the insulation board does not need to be meshed and connected with upper or lower concrete through the dovetail grooves, the insulation board is troublesome, and the insulation board is wasted.
Layer-by-layer connection and layer-by-layer surface connection
Layer-by-layer connection includes layer-by-layer connection, but layer-by-layer connection or bonding does not necessarily satisfy the requirement of layer-by-layer connection, for example, the connection or bonding area is small, so that when the influence on the transfer stress is not satisfactory, the surface connection condition is not satisfied. For the prefabricated roof panel integrating bearing, heat preservation and water prevention, layers must be connected layer by layer, and the seams on the side surfaces of the heat preservation plates are bonded into a whole; when the lower concrete can be used as a roof panel to bear load independently, the connection requirement can be reduced by the connection between layers, namely layer-by-layer connection, but the connection is required layer-by-layer in a certain area near the installation embedded steel plate part, so that when the installed roof building component is stressed, the layers cannot be torn and separated, and a design unit can provide the installation requirement on a drawing according to the stress calculation result.
Fifthly, the flat roof slope finding layer has two schemes, which are adopted according to the requirements:
1. the slope finding layer and the upper concrete are integrated, namely the upper concrete is locally thickened.
2. Or the high-density polyphenyl concrete and the high-density foam concrete are used for slope finding, or the heat preservation plates are locally adhered and filled for slope finding, and waterproof mortar is smeared on the upper parts of the heat preservation plates, so that the weight can be reduced by 50 percent compared with that of common heavy concrete, namely, the weight is reduced at the thickest part of the local slope finding; and common heavy concrete can also be used for finding the slope.
Sixth, the roofing construction of the invention can be used for flat roofs, can also be used for pitched roofs.
Claims (10)
1. A roof structure comprises upper concrete and lower concrete, and is characterized by also comprising a heat insulation plate;
the insulation boards are positioned between the lower concrete and the upper concrete, the insulation boards are bonded with the lower concrete by using an adhesive, and waterproof adhesives meeting low-temperature elasticity are coated or scraped on the upper ends of gaps between the insulation boards for waterproof sealing or/and are bonded with the side surfaces of the joint of the insulation boards; and coating an adhesive on the heat insulation plate to bond the upper concrete with the heat insulation plate, or/and engaging the upper part or/and the lower part of the heat insulation plate with the dovetail grooves to be connected with the upper concrete or/and the lower concrete.
2. A roofing construction according to claim 1 further comprising pre-buried steel sheets,
and an embedded steel plate is arranged in the concrete at the upper part of the roof and is used for connecting prefabricated building components to be installed on the roof with the embedded steel plate when the roof is installed to form a heat-insulating bridge-cutoff heat-insulating waterproof structure of the roof.
3. A roofing construction according to claim 1 or 2, which is a prefabricated roof panel for installing fabricated roofing, further comprising lower reinforcing bars, upper reinforcing bars, lower reinforcing bars, upper reinforcing bars being provided in the lower concrete and upper concrete of the prefabricated roof panel, respectively; layers of the prefabricated roof panels are bonded or/and engaged with each other through dovetail grooves to form a layer face connecting structure, and the side faces of the joints of the heat insulation boards of the prefabricated roof panels are coated or scraped with adhesives to form a mutual bonding structure.
4. A roofing construction according to claim 3, wherein the prefabricated roof panels in the middle of the building are retracted to a certain width by the upper concrete of the ends or/and the side edges of the prefabricated roof panels or by the upper concrete and the insulation panels when the ends or/and the side edges of the prefabricated roof panels are located at the joints of the supports in the middle of the building.
5. A roofing construction according to claim 4, wherein the following mounting configurations are used in connection with the installation of the pre-fabricated roofing panel and in connection with the installation of the roofing cornice, depending on the installation requirements of the different parts:
1) when the heat insulation plate and the upper concrete of the prefabricated roof panel both retract to a certain width, the heat insulation plate which is installed later is pasted and installed on the part of the prefabricated roof panels on the two sides which retract to a certain width;
2) when only the upper concrete of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, the later-installed heat-insulation board is pasted and installed at the position of the heat-insulation board corresponding to the gap of the end support of the prefabricated roof panel;
3) when the insulation boards and the upper concrete of the prefabricated roof boards do not retract to a certain width, the insulation boards which are installed later are installed at the positions of the insulation boards corresponding to the gaps at the adjacent prefabricated roof board supports;
4) when the joints of the prefabricated roof panels are not positioned in the middle of the building on the support, connecting lower reinforcing steel bars in concrete at the lower parts of the joints of the adjacent prefabricated roof panels, pouring lower concrete, and sticking a heat insulation board on the poured lower concrete;
5) when the cornice board is built, the wall heat-insulating layer and the roof heat-insulating plate are continuously connected in a sticking way, the hogging moment steel bar of the roof cornice board is connected with the steel bar at the upper part of the roof, and the roof cornice board does not become a heat bridge;
in the construction and installation, cement mortar or fine aggregate concrete or cement polymer mortar is poured at the lower concrete position corresponding to the gap position of the prefabricated roof panel support, the later-installed gap position heat-insulating plate is bonded with the side surface of the adjacent heat-insulating plate, the heat-insulating plates of the assembled roof installed by the prefabricated roof panel are connected into a whole, or the upper end of the gap position between the heat-insulating plates is further coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing.
6. A roof construction according to claim 5 characterised in that the upper reinforcing bars in the concrete at the upper part of adjacent pre-fabricated roof panels are interconnected, then the adhesive is applied or scraped to the upper surface of the post-installed insulation panel, and then the concrete at the upper part of the joint is poured to bond the post-poured concrete at the upper part to the post-installed insulation panel, or pre-embedded steel plates are also installed in the concrete at the upper part of the joint.
7. A roof structure is a prefabricated roof panel for mounting an assembled roof; the prefabricated roof panel comprises lower reinforcing steel bars, upper reinforcing steel bars, lower concrete and upper concrete; it is characterized in that the heat insulation board also comprises a heat insulation board; the lower steel bars and the upper steel bars are respectively positioned in the lower concrete and the upper concrete, and the heat insulation plate is positioned between the lower concrete and the upper concrete; bonding and connecting the heat-insulating plate with the lower concrete by using an adhesive, coating or scraping the adhesive on the side surface of the joint of the heat-insulating plate of the prefabricated roof plate, and bonding the heat-insulating plates in the prefabricated roof plate; or the upper end of the gap between the heat-insulation boards is further coated or scraped with a waterproof adhesive meeting the low-temperature elasticity for waterproof sealing; coating or scraping an adhesive on the upper part of the heat insulation plate, bonding the poured upper concrete with the heat insulation plate, or/and connecting the upper part or/and the lower part of the heat insulation plate with the upper concrete or/and the lower concrete by using dovetail groove occlusion, forming a layer-by-layer surface connection structure between layers of the prefabricated roof plate, and forming a mutual bonding structure on the side surface of the joint of the heat insulation plate; when the end head or/and the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel is/are positioned at the joint of the support in the middle of the building, the upper concrete of the end head or/and the side edge of the prefabricated roof panel retracts to a certain width, or the upper concrete and the insulation board retract to a certain width.
8. A roofing construction according to claim 7, further comprising pre-embedded steel plates provided in the concrete of the upper part of the pre-fabricated roofing, the pre-embedded steel plates being intended to be connected to pre-fabricated building elements to be installed on the roof to form a thermal insulation bridge cut-off structure for the pre-fabricated roofing.
9. A roofing construction according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the precast roofing panel underbody concrete is lightweight aggregate concrete or foam concrete or polyphenyl concrete or other lightweight concrete meeting strength requirements; the upper concrete is light aggregate concrete or common heavy concrete.
10. A roof structure is a structure positioned at a deformation joint of a building roof; the method is characterized in that the deformation joint virgin parapet side surface heat-insulating layer is continuously bonded with the roof heat-insulating layer, an adhesive meeting low-temperature elasticity is coated or scraped at the outer end joint of the parapet side surface heat-insulating layer for waterproof sealing, and the heat-insulating layer at the top end of the parapet has an outward drainage slope; mounting a polyethylene foam plastic rod between gaps of the heat-insulating layers on two sides of the top end of the deformation joint of the equal-height parapet wall, and bonding and sealing the polyethylene foam plastic rod and the heat-insulating layer on the top end by using a waterproof sealing adhesive; a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the parapet heat-insulating layer, and waterproof protective buckle tiles are arranged on the protective layer at the top end of the parapet and the polyethylene foam plastic rod; at the deformation joint between the parapet wall on one side and the high-rise wall, the thickness of the high-rise wall insulation layer covers the deformation joint for water prevention, and inorganic fiber insulation material is installed at the gap between the lower end of the high-rise wall insulation layer and the roof parapet wall top insulation layer; and a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer, and a waterproof sealing adhesive is arranged at the outer end of the bottom of the high-rise wall heat-insulating layer or at the bottom of the protective layer for sealing and waterproofing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811373583 | 2018-11-05 | ||
| CN2018113735837 | 2018-11-05 |
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| CN111139978A true CN111139978A (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911049284.2A Pending CN111139978A (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | Roof structure |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021253808A1 (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-12-23 | 吴淑环 | Building technique for low-carbon society in high-technology era |
| TWI758089B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-03-11 | 廣懋材料科技股份有限公司 | High performance wind resistance building system device |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911049284.2A patent/CN111139978A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021253808A1 (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-12-23 | 吴淑环 | Building technique for low-carbon society in high-technology era |
| TWI758089B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-03-11 | 廣懋材料科技股份有限公司 | High performance wind resistance building system device |
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Application publication date: 20200512 |