CN112695959A

CN112695959A - Passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process

Info

Publication number: CN112695959A
Application number: CN202110097049.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高原; 李堂飞; 郗猛
Original assignee: Qingdao Xinhuayou Construction Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Xinhuayou Construction Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-25
Filing date: 2021-01-25
Publication date: 2021-04-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a passive heat-bridge-free sloping roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process, which comprises the following steps: the process comprises the following steps of (I) cleaning base course acceptance, (II) arranging waterproof and steam-proof layers, (III) insulating layers, (IV) protecting fine aggregate concrete layers and (V) paving roof tiles. By applying the construction method, the energy loss in the operation stage is reduced, the heat preservation performance is stable, the waterproof performance is good, various experimental results meet the design requirements, and good economic benefits and social benefits are obtained.

Description

Passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process

Technical Field

The invention relates to a passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process, and belongs to the technical field of building construction.

Background

Passive ultra-low energy consumption green building (Passive House), also called Passive House. Compared with the traditional building, the passive house can save energy by more than 90% by comprehensively applying various energy-saving technologies, and the dependence on active energy consumption is reduced to the maximum extent. Because the traditional heat insulation construction can not meet the requirement of the heat transfer coefficient K value of the roof. Therefore, the graphite polystyrene board with the thickness of 300mm becomes a common heat insulation material for passive houses. The project department obtains good effects through two engineering applications, and a passive heat-bridge-free heat-insulation and decoration integrated roof construction method with the thickness of 300mm is formed in a summary mode.

With the continuous development of economy, inclined roofs are applied to modern buildings more and more, various roof shapes rich in changes can be provided by the roof form, and the inclined roofs with staggered heights become a bright scenic line in cities, so that the inclined roofs bring novelty and elegance to people and bring various buildings.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process comprises the following process flows:

base course treatment → 20mm1:3 cement mortar leveling → cold bottom oil → 1.5 thick aluminum foil surface self-adhesive modified asphalt steam-insulating coiled material → high-density graphite polystyrene board double-layer staggered joint PU adhesive → 3 thick SBS modified asphalt self-adhesive waterproof coiled material → geotextile → fine stone concrete nail-holding layer → fixed vertical tile strip → roof tile → finished work cleaning acceptance

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

firstly, primary check acceptance cleaning: because the deviation of the flatness and the compactness of the roof heat-insulating layer greatly depends on the base layer, in order to ensure the quality of heat-insulating engineering, the heat-insulating layer is required to be laid on a solid and flat surface, cement mortar with the thickness of 20mm1:3 is adopted for leveling, the surface is calendered, and the leveling layer at the corner of flashing is made into a fillet with the radius of 50.

System to base level requirements

The cement mortar leveling layer has firm bonding, no cracking, no hollowing and no water seepage; the surface of the base layer is dried, leveled and flattened; measuring the error of less than 4mm by using a 2m guiding rule; the base layer has certain strength, and the surface strength is not less than 0.5 Mpa.

1. Leveling layer operation process

Cleaning a base layer → pasting a mortar cake for a reinforcement → paving a leveling layer → plastering and pressing the leveling layer → maintaining.

1) Before the construction of the leveling layer, ash, sundries and the like on the surface of the base layer are cleaned.

2) After the screeding is leveled, the board surface is sprayed with water and slightly moistened, cement mortar is paved along with sweeping of cement mortar, the screeding is leveled along with the screeding by using a large bar ruler, the application force is uniform during the screeding, and the screeding operation is carried out. The flatness was checked with a running rule.

3) The sequence of operation of the screed is corner → facade → plane. The leveling layer is firstly used for finding a slope and snapping a line, and the large-surface leveling layer of the inclined plane is smeared after the vertical face and detail processing and plastering are finished from the cornice part, the gutter and the gable part.

4) Leading the base layer at the internal and external corners and the roof cornice onto the roof panel according to longitudinal and transverse control lines on a lower floor slab, popping up the return cornice squaring control lines of each roof cornice and window well, squaring and plastering the control lines into circular arc shapes by using cement mortar, wherein the radius of the control lines is not less than 50 mm; the detailed base layers of the pipeline, the water falling port and the like also need to be smoothed and polished, but the pipeline is higher than the base layer by at least 20mm, and the water falling port is lower than the waterproof base layer;

5) leveling layer separation seam: after the wooden trowel is leveled, before the pea gravel concrete is initially set, bamboo plywood strips which are cut in advance and have the width of 20mm and the thickness of 12mm are vertically pressed, the distance between the plywood strips is 4M, and the effective area surrounded by the separation seams of the pea gravel concrete is smaller than 16M 2.

The bamboo plywood strips are taken out before the final setting of the coagulation, and the formed 20mm multiplied by 12mm is used as the expansion joints of the cement mortar.

(II) arranging a waterproof steam-proof layer

The passive building slope roof waterproof design is that an aluminum foil surface waterproof steam-proof layer is added with an elastomer SBS self-adhesive modified asphalt waterproof coiled material for waterproofing; the waterproof layers of the coiled materials of the roof, the flashing, the gutter and the inclined gutter are fully adhered. All the closed positions of the coiled materials are sealed by sealing paste.

1. Roof waterproof main construction method

The roof waterproof coiled material is constructed by adopting a self-adhesive method. The construction sequence is from low to high.

1) Construction process flow

Base layer treatment → base layer treating agent (cold bottom oil) painting → bullet control line → additional layer construction → aluminum foil surface self-adhesive coiled material paving → coiled material sealing and head collecting → waterproof layer quality inspection.

Cleaning of substrate

Because the quality of the base layer directly influences the bonding strength of the waterproof layer and the base layer, the cement mortar is required to level the surface of the base layer, and the base layer is compacted, leveled and dried (the water content of the base layer is not more than 9 percent), and phenomena such as unevenness, sand generation, skin explosion and the like are not generated; and removing impurities on the surface of the base layer.

Base layer treating agent

After the base layer is dried, the base layer treating agent matched with the waterproof coiled material is selected, construction is carried out by a spraying method or a brushing method, and spraying and coating are uniform and consistent without exposing the bottom. After the surface of the base layer treating agent is dried, the coiled material can be paved. The time is usually 3 to 4 hours, based on the lack of hand. The part coated with the finishing agent is required to finish the construction of the waterproof coiled material within a working day.

Bullet control line

In order to prevent the inconsistent lapping of the coiled materials caused by the empty laying inclination of the coiled materials with the aluminum foil surfaces and reduce the waste of materials, before the coiled materials with the aluminum foil surfaces are laid, the white control line of the pre-laid coiled materials is well bounced after the base layer treating agent is coated and pasted according to the width, the length and the lapping width of the coiled materials. And when the aluminum foil surface coiled material is pasted, cutting the aluminum foil surface coiled material according to the control line.

Additional layer construction

The water falling port, the internal and external corners, the smoke pipeline extending out of the roof and other detailed structures, and the complicated waterproof joint part are reinforced, and an additional waterproof layer is required.

The construction method of the additional layer comprises the following steps: and cutting the corresponding coiled material according to the shape or the width of the coiled material which is actually required. The coiled material at the male and female corners is required to extend more than or equal to 150mm towards the two sides by taking the corner edges as the center after being laid and pasted. During construction, a 300-wide coiled material can be cut, the coiled material is folded along the center line, the position of the folding line is aligned with the corner edge of the internal corner and the external corner, and then the coiled material is pasted from one side.

The additional layer is as far as possible not in the form of an overlap. When overlap is necessary, the overlap length should be no less than 60 mm.

Aluminum foil surface paving coiled material

When the coiled material is laid, firstly, the plane is laid, then the vertical face is laid, and when the coiled material of the vertical face is laid, the construction is started from the corner position. Especially when the elevation is higher, the coiled material should be aligned first and then spread upward from the corner. The waterproof coiled material is paved along the drainage slope in the long direction.

The coiled material is closed at the joint position of the flat vertical wall body at a position 250mm away from the waterproof layer on the vertical wall body;

2. detailed construction

1) The method for waterproofing the protruding roof structure comprises the following steps:

the height of the coiled material laid on the vertical wall at the joint of the roof and the protruding roof structure is not less than 250mm, the upper end head is fixed by an aluminum alloy pressing strip, the sealing material is tightly embedded and sealed, and then a cement mortar protective layer is coated.

2) Flashing at the eave structure wall:

and (3) leaving the air passage, the manhole and the protruding roof structure, adding a layer of waterproof coiled material which is same in color with the roof tile to flush outside the heat insulation layer except for adding SBS waterproof coiled materials at the positive and negative corners, rolling the waterproof coiled material up to 250mm high, and covering the roof tile with 200mm around. The waterproof rolled-up end part is sealed by a No. 24 galvanized steel plate pressing strip with the width of 30mm, and is firmly nailed by cement nails with the arrangement distance of 400 mm.

3) Waterproof method of the water drop coiled material:

the elevation of the upper opening of the water dropping cup is arranged at the lowest position of the ditch bottom.

The waterproof layer is attached to the water dropping cup and is not less than 50 mm.

The gradient within the range of 500mm around the water falling port is not less than 5%, and the water falling port is coated by waterproof paint or sealing material, and the thickness of the water falling port is not less than 2 mm.

A groove with the width of 20mm and the depth of 20mm is reserved at the contact part of the water dropping cup and the base layer, and a sealing material is embedded and filled.

4) Method for extending out of root of roof pipeline

The diameter of the root of the pipeline is within 50mm, and an octagonal arc with the height not less than 30mm is smeared on the leveling layer.

A groove with the diameter of 20mm multiplied by 20mm is reserved between the periphery of the pipeline and the leveling layer or the fine stone concrete waterproof layer, and the groove is tightly embedded and filled by sealing materials.

Additional layers are additionally arranged on the periphery of the root of the pipeline, and the width and the height of the additional layers are not less than 300 mm.

The waterproof layer on the pipeline is fastened at the head by a metal hoop and is tightly sealed by a sealing material.

5) Parapet wall making method

The coiled material spread on the flashing part adopts a full-sticking method.

The end parts of the flashing and the vertical surface closing ends are cut to be even, and the coiled material closing ends on the concrete wall are pressed by metal pressing strip nails. The maximum nail distance of the metal pressing strip nail is not more than 900mm, and the exposed nail head is tightly sealed by using waterproof ointment.

The parapet wall top is made into aluminum alloy cover plate and is covered with water, and the drainage slope is arranged towards the inner side.

(III) Heat-insulating layer

The passive sloping roof is insulated by adhering a double-layer graphite polyphenyl plate with the thickness of 150mm to a PU adhesive; the positions of the roof structure, the gutter and the like can adopt 30-thick extruded polystyrene boards or 20-mm-thick stp boards, so as to ensure the appearance proportion and the gutter size of the roof structure.

1. Construction process

The process flow of the roof heat-insulating layer construction is as follows: cleaning and rechecking the base layer of the waterproof and steam-proof layer with the aluminum foil surface → laying and fixing the pipe root and the exhaust pipe → laying the heat-insulating layer.

1) Before the heat preservation plates are paved, the surface layer of the aluminum foil surface is cleaned, and the integrity of the aluminum foil surface is comprehensively checked.

2) Fixing the pipe root: the rain water bucket, the sleeve and the exhaust pipe are installed in place according to the elevation, the outside of the pipe is filled with fine stone concrete layer by layer, and the periphery of the sleeve is welded with a water stop ring. Before the construction of the heat preservation layer, the pipe root of the penetrating structure is plugged and compacted by applying fine aggregate concrete, and the pipe root is fixed after corner treatment.

3) And popping up a sticking control line of the graphite polystyrene board on the wall body of the vertical surface of the protruded roof board such as the structure of the exposed roof according to the marking line, the thickness of the graphite polystyrene board and the flatness of the roof board.

4) According to the engineering progress and the field condition, the laying sequence is carried out from one end to the other end in the construction process, and the inclined roof is laid and attached from the lower part to the higher part.

6) And cutting the graphite polystyrene board by a wallpaper cutter according to the specification and the size required by construction. The graphite polystyrene board should not be broken or broken at edges and corners, and should be sawn and spliced when the graphite polystyrene board is broken or broken unevenly at edges and corners during laying.

7) The method for sticking the graphite polystyrene board adopts a full sticking method: and (3) uniformly coating the PU glue on the heat insulation plate by using a plastering knife, adhering the graphite polystyrene board on the aluminum foil surface waterproof steam-proof layer by using a point adhesion method for the first layer and a full adhesion method for the second layer, leveling by using a guiding rule, and leveling the stay wire. The plates should be staggered and squeezed without gaps. If the graphite polyphenyl plate is not cut to be square or not cut to be straight to form a gap, the graphite polyphenyl plate strip is plugged or polyurethane foaming caulking treatment is adopted and the gap is polished to be flat.

8) The arrangement of the exhaust holes needs to deepen the drawing in advance, and the drawing is reported, managed and approved, and the positions of the exhaust holes need to be close to the positions of the tiger window and the parapet wall root.

(IV) Fine Stone concrete protective layer

The protective layer adopts 70 thick C20 fine-grained concrete and is internally distributed with 6.5@100x100 steel mesh pieces.

1. Construction process

1) The process flow comprises the following steps: paying off → binding reinforcing mesh sheets → pouring fine stone concrete → maintaining concrete.

2) And popping up a protective layer thickness control line and an inclined roof slope line on the wall body around the gas drawing channel, so as to ensure that the slope meets the design requirement. The steel mesh is broken at the separation seams.

3) Lay reinforcing bar net piece

Before the fine stone concrete protective layer is poured, a reinforcing mesh with the diameter of 6.5@100 is paved. And lifting the reinforcing mesh to the middle part of the concrete protective layer while pouring the fine stone concrete so as to enable the fine stone concrete to be tightly combined with the concrete.

And phi 10 galvanized round steel is welded on the steel wire mesh sheet, 5 cm of the fine stone protective layer extends out for fixing tile-hanging square steel, and the spacing is 2 meters in the transverse direction and 1 meter in the longitudinal direction.

4) Pouring fine stone concrete: the fine stone concrete is premixed C20 fine stone concrete.

After the fine stone concrete is poured and paved, the fine stone concrete is rolled by an iron roller until the surface is grouted, and then the fine stone concrete is trowelled and compacted by wood. And performing grouting and trowelling for two times before the fine stone concrete is initially set, leveling by using a scraper, pressing the finished product partition bars into the concrete at intervals of 2-4m, performing trowelling by using an iron trowel before final setting, and leveling one surface of a protective layer, wherein the trowelling pressing trace and the unevenness cannot occur. After the protective layer is finally solidified, the sealing paste is embedded and filled, and the embedding and filling are required to be compact.

5) And (5) maintenance: and after the fine stone concrete layer is poured, covering and watering the fine stone concrete layer within 12 hours, wherein the curing time is not less than 7 days. The watering times should be such as to maintain the mortar surface in a sufficiently wet condition.

6) Waterproof protective layer parting line: the separation seams of the waterproof protective layer are plastic finished product separation seams which are placed before the fine aggregate concrete is poured, and building sealing paste is embedded in the strips after the fine aggregate concrete is finally set.

(V) roofing tile laying process

1. Construction process flow

After the construction of the leveling layer, the waterproof layer and the heat preservation and protection layer is finished → construction and paying-off → fixing of the vertical tile hanging strip → lightning protection for professional laying of electricity → pre-arrangement of the large wave tile → laying of the strip line → inspection → surface washing, cleaning and local repair

2. Water-guiding strip

And constructing the water guiding strip after the roof panel leveling layer, the waterproof layer, the heat preservation layer and the protective layer are constructed, wherein the water guiding strip is made of phi 10 galvanized round steel. The water guiding strip is firmly fixed with a steel nail welded with the steel wire mesh sheet, and is subjected to anti-corrosion treatment, and the galvanized round steel is connected with the lightning protection structure.

The height difference of the water-guiding strips is controlled within 3 mm. If the height of the water strip exceeds the height of the water strip, the height of the water strip is adjusted. The levelness of the tile hanging strip is ensured to meet the requirement of hanging tiles. After the installation of the water guiding strip is finished, the slope and elevation of the water guiding strip are required to be rechecked. And after the design requirements are met, the battens can be constructed.

3. Hanging tile strip

The size of the batten: 40, 20, 1.5mm, the intersection of the tile hanging strip and each water flowing strip is fully welded and fixed, and the welding points are brushed with anti-rust paint.

The tile hanging strip is flat and firm, and the upper edges are in a straight line. The joints are arranged on the water strips, and the joints between the upper row and the lower row are staggered.

Two battens are arranged at the eave, and the required height of the battens is 60mm upwards from the surface of the water guiding strip.

The gable eaves mouth department of two sloping roofs, when adopting eaves mouth tile to close up, hang the battens in the installation, hang the battens and all should be apart from the space of 40mm on eave limit to install 30mm 40mm additional water strip. The additional water-guiding strip is 10mm away from the edge eaves and is parallel to the side surface of the corrugated head of the hanging corrugated strip. When the slope of the roof is greater than 45 degrees, a metal member is additionally added for reinforcement treatment.

When a drainage ditch is arranged in the roof, the range of the drainage ditch is not provided with the battens. Except for an aluminum drainage ditch, when the drainage ditch is constructed, the drainage ditch is firstly installed, and then the battens are installed, but the extension length of the battens is not more than 80 mm.

4. Laying tiles

After the base course is inspected to be qualified, roof tiles can be paved and hung, flat and oblique ridges and other accessory tiles are installed, and then node flashing is carried out according to the design construction requirements.

(1) Roof tile installation

After the tile hanging strip is installed and fixed, a longitudinal straight line is required to be flicked before tile paving, and the method comprises the following steps:

and (4) taking a cornice line to form a right-angle elastic line at the reserved 50mm position of the cornice at the left side and the right side of the tile hanging batten layer.

And respectively aligning and popping the edge rib positions of two tiles pre-paved on the line from the eave and the ridge to obtain a longitudinal straight line, or calculating according to the width sizes of the two tiles to determine to pop the longitudinal straight line.

When the tiles are paved, the tiles are aligned by lines, so that the tiles on the roof are aligned in three directions of being horizontal, vertical to tile seams and diagonal. In the process of tile pre-paving, particularly for a large-area double-slope roof, the effective width of the main tile is shared by the transverse length of the roof, the 4mm adjusting distance of the left and right lap joint edge ribs of the main tile can be fully utilized, and the terminal can be adjusted to the width of a whole tile or a half tile as much as possible.

When the tiles are laid formally, from the lower right corner of the eave, from right to left and from bottom to top, the tile claws of each main tile must be fastened with the hanging battens to align with the tile seams. The flat tiles must be 1/2 stagger lapped.

(2) Roof tile fixing

When the slope of the roof is 17.5-22.5 degrees, peripheral eaves of all houses, chimneys, structures protruding out of the roof and the like, and two rows of peripheral tiles are fixed by adopting special roof tile nails or roof tile wind-resistant buckles.

When the slope of the roof is 22.5-45 degrees, except for winding, the roof tiles of the rest part and every other tile in the upper row and the lower row or every other tile must be fixed by special nails for the roof tiles or wind-resistant buckles for the roof tiles.

When the slope of the roof is 45-51 degrees, all roof tiles are fixed by special roof tile nails or wind-resistant roof tile hasps.

When the slope of the roof is greater than 51 degrees, or the building is in the coast and the area with few windshields, the roof tiles are fixed by special roof tile nails and special wind-resistant buckles for the roof tiles. The project calculates that 4 wind-proof knocking hasps are needed for each square meter according to the actual roof and wind load. The left lower part of the tile is welded on the tile hanging strip by a windproof safety fastener. Ensure the safety and the firmness.

When the inclined ridge and the inclined groove appear in the roof, the main tile sheet at the position needs to be cut, 20mm of the main tile sheet is kept in parallel according to the inclined ridge line during cutting, and when the tile claws of part of the main tiles are cut off and the tiles cannot be hung, the main tiles can be fixed by the tile cutting hasp.

The method of the invention is characterized in that:

1 the heat insulation board of the roof decoration and heat insulation integrated board adopts a graphite polystyrene board which is a product of further refining foamed polystyrene of a classical heat insulation material by a chemical method, and the heat insulation performance is obviously improved. It contains special graphite particles, can reflect heat radiation like a mirror, and contains an infrared absorber which can greatly improve the heat insulation performance, thereby reducing the heat loss of a house. The heat insulating capability of the material is at least 30 percent higher than that of the common EPS, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the graphite polystyrene board is 0.030W/m.k-0.032W/m.k, which is the reason that the material is far better than other materials in heat insulating capability. Contributing to improved energy efficiency and reduced carbon dioxide emissions.

2, the whole quality stability of the plate is good: the roof decoration and heat preservation integrated plate consists of a decoration surface layer, a graphite polystyrene board heat preservation layer and a base layer, and is assembled on site and integrally formed. The veneer layer panel can select corresponding light and thin veneer materials according to the decoration effect and the application position, and plays the roles of decoration and protection; the heat-insulating material is tightly wrapped by the aluminum foil surface steam-insulating layer and the self-adhesive SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material which are selected for the base layer and the double-layer waterproof steam-insulating layer, so that the heat-insulating durability and the heat-insulating performance are enhanced. The application of the sandwich layer for heat insulation inhibits the deformation of the heat insulation material to a certain extent, and plays a role in protecting the plate, thereby ensuring the overall quality stability of the plate.

3, the construction is simple, the structure is simplified, and the cost performance is high: the roof decoration and heat preservation integration traditional heat preservation, protection, veneer surface course and other multiple construction processes are simplified, the structure level is simplified, the factory production procedure is increased, and the heat preservation and decoration effect of the roof are ensured. The construction process is simplified, the construction period is correspondingly shortened, and the engineering cost is indirectly reduced, so that the cost performance of the roof decoration and heat preservation integrated system is improved.

4, good fireproof performance: the graphite polystyrene board heat-insulating core layer in the decoration and heat-insulating integrated board has certain fire resistance. The combustion performance of the graphite polystyrene board can completely pass the B level of GB/8624-2010 building material combustion performance grading method through the detection of a national fixed fire extinguishing system and a fire-resistant member quality supervision and inspection center, and the graphite polystyrene board has good and stable fire resistance.

5 the heat-insulating and decorating integrated construction technology of the passive heat-bridge-free graphite polyphenyl plate roof with the thickness of 300mm basically eliminates the influence of the heat bridge, improves the heat bridge condition of the sloping roof of the building, increases the temperature of a roof structure layer, reduces the moisture content of the roof, and further improves the heat-insulating property of the roof.

6 the finished product of the synthetic resin tile has customized and personalized design and can be designed according to the requirements of owners.

The process principle of the invention

The 300mm graphite polyphenyl board roof heat insulation and decoration integrated system takes graphite polyphenyl boards as heat insulation materials, PU glue is used for adhering the graphite polyphenyl boards to the outer side of a roof of a building roof in a two-layer staggered joint mode, polyurethane foam glue caulking is assisted, a double-layer waterproof steam-isolating layer is used for wrapping the heat insulation materials in a seamless mode, a protective layer adopts a 70-thick C20 fine-stone concrete nail holding layer, a phi 6.5@100X100 reinforcing steel bar net is internally matched and used as a cover layer, phi 10 galvanized round steel is arranged to serve as an anchoring piece of a flat steel keel, and synthetic resin tiles which are finished products are installed to form a complete passive heat-bridge-free heat insulation and decoration roof system.

Has the advantages that:

the benefits of the invention were analyzed with specific examples of the invention:

1 economic benefits

In the construction of a passive heat-insulation and decoration integrated roof without a heat bridge and with the thickness of 300mm, the first standard section of the Chinese and English biological medicine research and development platform project and the second standard section of the Chinese and English biological medicine research and development platform project are applied, the construction method reduces energy loss in the operation stage, has stable heat insulation performance and good water resistance, meets the design requirements of various experimental results, obtains good economic benefit and social benefit, reduces the cost by 8.1 ten thousand yuan through fine construction, saves the construction period by 21 days, has a high-efficiency peripheral protection heat insulation system, and creates great economic benefit for building energy conservation. After accounting, the project is put into use, and economic benefit is generated for 27.3 ten thousand yuan for the operation stage of the owner. The improvement of the energy-saving function of the building provides powerful guarantee and is well received by construction units.

2 social benefits

In the construction of the heat-insulating and decorating integrated roof with the thickness of 300mm by adopting the passive heat-bridge-free construction method, the energy-saving efficiency of the building can be greatly improved by applying the construction method, and a great promotion effect is played on the national energy-saving promotion strategy. Is well received by the society.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process provided by the embodiment comprises the following process flows:

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

System to base level requirements

1. Leveling layer operation process

(II) arranging a waterproof steam-proof layer

1. Roof waterproof main construction method

1) Construction process flow

Cleaning of substrate

Base layer treating agent

Bullet control line

Additional layer construction

Aluminum foil surface paving coiled material

2. detailed construction

2) Flashing at the eave structure wall:

3) Waterproof method of the water drop coiled material:

4) Method for extending out of root of roof pipeline

5) Parapet wall making method

The coiled material spread on the flashing part adopts a full-sticking method.

(III) Heat-insulating layer

1. Construction process

(IV) Fine Stone concrete protective layer

1. Construction process

3) Lay reinforcing bar net piece

(V) roofing tile laying process

1. Construction process flow

2. Water-guiding strip

3. Hanging tile strip

4. Laying tiles

(1) Roof tile installation

(2) Roof tile fixing

Example 2

(1) Chinese and English biological medicine research and development platform project one-standard section

A one-section passive heat-insulation and decoration integrated roof construction without a heat bridge and with the thickness of 300mm of a Tsingtakaki biopharmaceutical research and development platform project in the Qingdao is started in 2019 in 5 months, the total construction period is 120 days, and the main work content is passive heat-insulation and decoration integrated roof construction without the heat bridge and with the thickness of 300 mm. The thermal insulation performance is good, the loss of the thermal insulation cold and hot bridge of the building roof is extremely low, the thermal imaging experiment result is good, and other experiment results meet the design requirements. The construction unit is ensured, and good economic benefit and social benefit are obtained.

(2) Chinese and English biological medicine research and development platform project two-standard section

A secondary standard section of a Chinese-English biological medicine research and development platform project, wherein the project is located in a yellow island area in Qingdao city, a frame structure and a passive heat-bridge-free heat-insulation and decoration integrated roof are constructed in 8 months of 2019, the total construction period is 85 days, the building area is 45000 square meters.

Claims

1. The passive heat-bridge-free slope roof 300 mm-thick heat-insulation and decoration integrated construction process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

firstly, primary check acceptance cleaning: the roof heat-insulating layer is required to be laid on a solid and flat surface, 1:3 cement mortar with the diameter of 20mm is adopted for leveling, the surface is subjected to press polishing, and the leveling layer is made into a fillet with the radius of 50 at a flashing corner;

the requirements on the base layer surface are as follows:

the cement mortar leveling layer has firm bonding, no cracking, no hollowing and no water seepage; the surface of the base layer is dried, leveled and flattened; measuring the error of less than 4mm by using a 2m guiding rule; the surface strength of the base layer surface is not less than 0.5 Mpa;

1. the leveling layer operation process is as follows:

cleaning a base layer → pasting a mortar cake for a reinforcement → paving a leveling layer → plastering and pressing the leveling layer → maintaining;

1) before the construction of the leveling layer, cleaning the slag, sundries and the like on the surface of the base layer;

2) after the screeding is leveled, sprinkling water on the board surface for micro-wetting, paving cement mortar along with sweeping cement mortar, leveling along the screeding height by using a large bar ruler, uniformly applying force during wiping, and retreating for operation; checking the flatness by using a guiding rule;

3) the operation sequence of the leveling layer is corner → facade → plane; the leveling layer is firstly used for finding a slope and snapping a line, starting from a cornice part, a gutter and a gable part, and then a large-surface leveling layer of the inclined plane is plastered after the vertical surface and detail processing and plastering are finished;

4) leading the base layer at the internal and external corners and the roof cornice onto the roof panel according to longitudinal and transverse control lines on a lower floor slab, popping up the return cornice squaring control lines of each roof cornice and window well, squaring and plastering the control lines into circular arc shapes by using cement mortar, wherein the radius of the control lines is not less than 50 mm; the pipeline and the water falling port are also leveled and polished, the pipeline is at least 20mm higher than the base layer, and the water falling port is lower than the waterproof base layer;

5) leveling layer separation seam: after the wooden trowel is leveled, before the pea gravel concrete is initially set, the bamboo plywood strips which are cut in advance and have the width of 20mm and the thickness of 12mm are vertically pressed, the distance between the wood strips is 4M, namely the effective area surrounded by the separation seams of the pea gravel concrete is less than 16M²；

Taking out the bamboo plywood strips before the final coagulation setting, wherein the formed expansion joints of the cement mortar are 20mm multiplied by 12 mm;

(II) arranging a waterproof steam-proof layer

The passive building slope roof waterproof design is that an aluminum foil surface waterproof steam-proof layer is added with an elastomer SBS self-adhesive modified asphalt waterproof coiled material for waterproofing; the waterproof layers of the coiled materials of the roof, the flashing, the gutter and the inclined gutter are fully adhered; embedding and sealing all the closed parts of the coiled materials by using sealing paste;

1. roof waterproof construction method

The roof waterproof coiled material is constructed by a self-adhesive method; constructing from low to high in the construction sequence;

1) construction process flow

Base layer processing → base layer treating agent painting → elastic control line → additional layer construction → aluminum foil surface self-adhesive coiled material paving → coiled material sealing and head collection → waterproof layer quality inspection;

cleaning a base layer:

because the quality of the base layer directly influences the bonding strength of the waterproof layer and the base layer, the cement mortar is required to level the surface of the base layer, and the base layer is compacted, leveled and dried (the water content of the base layer is not more than 9 percent), and phenomena such as unevenness, sand generation, skin explosion and the like are not generated; removing impurities on the surface of the base layer;

base layer treating agent:

after the base layer is dried, selecting a base layer treating agent matched with the waterproof coiled material, and constructing by a spraying method or a brushing method, wherein the spraying and the coating are uniform and consistent, and the bottom is not exposed; after the surface of the base layer treating agent is dried, the coiled material can be paved; the part coated with the treating agent is required to finish the construction of the waterproof coiled material within a working day;

controlling the line:

before the aluminum foil surface coiled material is paved, a white control line of a pre-paved coiled material is well flicked after a base layer treating agent is coated according to the width, the length and the lap joint width of the coiled material; when the aluminum foil surface coiled material is pasted, cutting the aluminum foil surface coiled material according to a control line;

additional layer construction:

the water falling port, the internal and external corners, the smoke pipeline extending out of the roof and other detailed structures, and the complicated waterproof joint part are enhanced, and an additional waterproof layer is required;

the construction method of the additional layer comprises the following steps: cutting the corresponding coiled material according to the shape or the width of the coiled material which is actually required; the coiled material at the male and female corners is required to extend to two sides by more than or equal to 150mm by taking the edge of the corner as the center after being laid and pasted; during construction, a 300-wide coiled material can be cut, the coiled material is folded along the center line, the position of the folding line is aligned with the corner edge of the internal corner and the external corner, and then the coiled material is pasted from one side;

paving and pasting the aluminum foil surface coiled material:

when the coiled material is laid, firstly, a plane is laid, then, a vertical face is laid, and when the coiled material of the vertical face is laid, construction is started from a corner part; particularly, when the elevation is higher, the coiled materials are firstly aligned and then are paved upwards from the corner; paving and pasting the waterproof coiled material along the longitudinal direction of the drainage slope;

2. detailed construction

at the joint of the roof and the protruding roof structure, the height of a coiled material laid on a vertical wall is not less than 250mm, an upper end head is fixed by an aluminum alloy pressing strip, a sealing material is tightly embedded and sealed, and then a cement mortar protective layer is coated;

2) flashing at the eave structure wall:

the waterproof material is taken out of a roof air passage, a manhole and a protruding roof structure, a layer of waterproof coiled material which is same in color with the roof tile is added on the outer side of the heat insulation except for SBS waterproof coiled materials added at the positive and negative corners for flashing, the waterproof coiled material is coiled up to 250mm high, and the periphery of the waterproof coiled material is covered by 200mm of the roof tile; sealing the waterproof rolled end part by using a 30mm wide No. 24 galvanized steel plate pressing strip, and firmly nailing by using cement nails with the arrangement distance of 400 mm;

3) waterproof method of the water drop coiled material:

the elevation of the upper opening of the water dropping cup is arranged at the lowest position of the ditch bottom;

the waterproof layer is attached into the water dropping cup and is not less than 50 mm;

the gradient within the range of 500mm around the water falling port is not less than 5%, and the water falling port is coated and sealed by waterproof paint or sealing material, and the thickness of the water falling port is not less than 2 mm;

a groove with the width of 20mm and the depth of 20mm is reserved at the contact position of the water dropping cup and the base layer, and a sealing material is embedded and filled;

4) method for extending out of root of roof pipeline

Within the range of 50mm outside the diameter of the root of the pipeline, an octagonal arc with the height not less than 30mm should be smeared out of the leveling layer;

a groove with the diameter of 20mm multiplied by 20mm is reserved between the periphery of the pipeline and the leveling layer or the fine aggregate concrete waterproof layer, and is tightly embedded and filled by sealing materials;

additional layers are additionally arranged on the periphery of the root of the pipeline, and the width and the height of the additional layers are not less than 300 mm;

the waterproof layer on the pipeline is fastened at the head by a metal hoop and is tightly sealed by a sealing material;

5) parapet wall making method

The coiled material paved on the flashing part adopts a full-adhesion method;

the end parts of the flashing and the vertical surface closing ends are cut to be even, and the coiled material closing ends on the concrete wall are pressed by adopting metal strip pressing nails; the maximum nail distance of the metal pressing strip nail is not more than 900mm, and the exposed nail head is tightly sealed by using waterproof factice;

the parapet wall top is made into an aluminum alloy cover plate to be covered with water, and the drainage slope is arranged inwards;

(III) Heat-insulating layer

The passive sloping roof is insulated by adhering a double-layer graphite polyphenyl plate with the thickness of 150mm to a PU adhesive; the positions of the roof structure, the gutter and the like can adopt 30-thick extruded polystyrene boards or 20-mm-thick stp boards, so that the appearance proportion and the gutter size of the roof structure are ensured;

1. construction process

The process flow of the roof heat-insulating layer construction is as follows: cleaning and rechecking the base layer of the waterproof and steam-proof layer with the aluminum foil surface → laying and fixing the pipe root and the exhaust pipe → laying an insulating layer;

1) cleaning an aluminum foil surface layer before paving the heat preservation plate, and comprehensively checking the integrity of the aluminum foil surface;

2) fixing the pipe root: installing a rainwater hopper, a sleeve and an exhaust pipe in place according to the elevation, filling the outside of the pipe by fine stone concrete in layers, and welding a water stop ring on the periphery of the sleeve; before the construction of the heat insulation layer, the pipe root penetrating the structure is plugged and compacted by applying fine aggregate concrete, corner treatment is performed, and the pipe root is fixed;

3) popping up a sticking control line of the graphite polystyrene board on the wall body of the vertical surface of the protruded roof board such as the structure of the exposed roof according to the marking line, the thickness of the graphite polystyrene board and the flatness of the roof board;

4) according to the project progress and the field condition, the laying sequence is carried out from one end to the other end in the construction process, and the inclined roof is laid and attached from the lower part to the higher part;

6) cutting the graphite polystyrene board by a wallpaper cutter according to the specification and the size required by construction; the graphite polystyrene board should not be broken and broken, and when the graphite polystyrene board is laid, the graphite polystyrene board is broken and broken unevenly, and should be sawn and spliced for use;

7) the method for sticking the graphite polystyrene board adopts a full sticking method: uniformly coating the PU glue on the heat insulation plate by using a plastering knife, adhering the first layer of the heat insulation plate to the upper surface of the waterproof and steam-proof layer of the aluminum foil surface by using a point adhesion method and adhering the second layer of the heat insulation plate to the upper surface of the waterproof and steam-proof layer of the aluminum foil surface by using a full adhesion method, leveling the stay wire by using a guiding ruler; the plates need to be staggered and squeezed tightly without gaps; if the graphite polyphenyl plate is not cut squarely or is not cut straightly to form a gap, a graphite polyphenyl plate strip is plugged or polyurethane foaming caulking treatment is adopted and the gap is polished to be flat;

8) the arrangement of the exhaust holes is to deepen the drawing in advance and report, monitor and examine the approval, and the positions of the exhaust holes are close to the positions of the tiger window and the parapet wall root in principle;

(IV) Fine Stone concrete protective layer

The protective layer adopts 70 thick C20 fine-grained concrete and 6.5@100x100 steel mesh pieces on the interior distribution Bronsted.

1. Construction process

1) The process flow comprises the following steps: paying off → binding reinforcing mesh → pouring fine stone concrete → curing concrete;

2) popping a protective layer thickness control line and an inclined roof slope line on the wall body around the gas drawing channel, and ensuring that the slope meets the design requirement; the steel bar net sheet is broken at the separation seam;

3) lay reinforcing bar net piece

Before the fine stone concrete protective layer is poured, a steel bar mesh with the diameter of 6.5@100 is laid; lifting the reinforcing mesh to the middle part of the concrete protective layer while pouring in the fine stone concrete pouring process so as to enable the reinforcing mesh to be tightly combined with the concrete;

welding phi 10 galvanized round steel on the steel wire mesh sheet, extending out of the fine stone protective layer by 5 cm, and fixing tile-hanging square steel at the interval of 2 meters in the transverse direction and 1 meter in the longitudinal direction;

4) pouring fine stone concrete: the fine stone concrete is premixed C20 fine stone concrete;

after the fine stone concrete is poured and paved, rolling the fine stone concrete by using an iron roller until the surface of the fine stone concrete is thickened, and trowelling and compacting the fine stone concrete by using wood; performing grouting and trowelling for two times before the fine stone concrete is initially set, leveling by using a scraper, pressing concrete into a finished product partition strip with the interval of 2-4m, performing trowelling and burnishing by using an iron trowel before final setting, and leveling one surface of a protective layer, wherein the trowelling and burnishing trace and the uneven phenomenon cannot occur; after the protective layer is finally solidified, embedding sealing paste, wherein the embedding is required to be compact;

5) and (5) maintenance: after the fine stone concrete layer is poured, covering and watering the fine stone concrete layer within 12 hours, wherein the curing time is not less than 7 days; the watering frequency can keep the mortar surface layer to have a sufficient wet state;

6) waterproof protective layer parting line: the separation joint of the waterproof protective layer adopts a plastic finished product separation joint, the plastic finished product separation joint is placed before the fine aggregate concrete is poured, and building sealing paste is embedded and filled in the strips after the fine aggregate concrete is finally set;

(V) roofing tile laying process

1. Construction process flow

2. Water-guiding strip

Constructing a water guiding strip after finishing the construction of the roof panel leveling layer, the waterproof layer, the heat preservation layer and the protective layer, wherein the water guiding strip is made of phi 10 galvanized round steel; the water guiding strip is firmly fixed with a steel nail welded with the steel wire mesh sheet, and is subjected to anti-corrosion treatment, and the galvanized round steel is connected with the lightning protection structure;

the height difference of the water guiding strips is controlled within the range of 3 mm; if the height of the water strip exceeds the height to be adjusted; ensuring that the levelness of the tile hanging strip meets the requirement of hanging tiles; after the installation of the water guiding strip is finished, rechecking the gradient and elevation of the water guiding strip is required; after the design requirements are met, the battens can be constructed;

3. hanging tile strip

The size of the batten: 40, 20, 1.5mm, fully welding and fixing the intersection of the tile hanging strip and each water flowing strip, and brushing anti-rust paint on welding spots;

the tile hanging strip is flat and firm, and the upper edges are in a straight line; the joints are arranged on the water-flowing strips, and the joints between the upper row and the lower row are staggered;

two battens should be arranged at the eave, and the required height of the battens is 60mm upwards from the surface of the water guiding strip;

at the cornice of the gable of the double-slope roof, when cornice tiles are adopted for closing up, the hanging battens are arranged in the space which is 40mm away from the cornice edge, so that 30 mm-40 mm additional downstream strips can be arranged conveniently; the distance between the additional water-guiding strip and the edge is 10mm, and the additional water-guiding strip is parallel to the side surface of the corrugated head of the hanging corrugated strip; when the slope of the roof is greater than 45 degrees, a metal component is additionally added for reinforcement treatment;

when a drainage ditch is arranged in the roof, the range of the drainage ditch is not provided with the hanging battens; except for an aluminum drainage ditch, when the drainage ditch is constructed, the drainage ditch is firstly installed, and then the battens are installed, but the extension length of the battens is not more than 80 mm;

4. laying tiles

After the base layer is inspected to be qualified, roof tiles can be paved and hung, flat and oblique ridges and other accessory tiles are installed, and then node flashing is carried out according to the design construction requirement;

(1) roof tile installation

taking a cornice line to form a right-angle elastic line at a reserved 50mm position of the cornice at the left side and the right side of the tile hanging batten layer;

respectively aligning and popping the edge rib positions of two tiles pre-paved on the line from an eave and a ridge to obtain a longitudinal straight line, or calculating according to the width sizes of the two tiles to determine the longitudinal straight line to pop out;

when paving tiles, the tiles are aligned by lines, so that the roof tiles are aligned in three directions of horizontal, vertical tile seams and diagonal lines; in the process of tile pre-paving, particularly for a large-area double-slope roof, the transverse length of the roof is used for sharing the effective width of the main tile, the 4mm adjusting distance of the left and right lap joint edge ribs of the main tile can be fully utilized, and the terminal can be adjusted to the width of a whole tile or a half tile as much as possible;

when the tiles are laid formally, from the lower right corner of the eave, from right to left and from bottom to top, the tile claws of each main tile must be fastened with the tile hanging strips to align with the tile seams; the flat tile must be overlapped by 1/2 staggered joints;

(2) roof tile fixing

When the slope of the roof is 17.5-22.5 degrees, peripheral cornices, chimneys, structures protruding out of the roof and the like of all houses are required to be fixed by roof tile special nails or roof tile wind-resistant buckles;

when the slope of the roof is 22.5-45 degrees, except for winding, the rest part of roof tiles are fixed by special roof tile nails or wind-resistant roof tile hasps every other tile tiles in a row up and down or every other tile;

when the slope of the roof is 45-51 degrees, all roof tiles must be fixed by special roof tile nails or wind-resistant roof tile hasps;

when the slope of the roof is greater than 51 degrees, or the building is in the coast and the area with few windshields, the roof tile is fixed by special roof tile nails and special roof tile wind-resistant hasps; the project calculates that 4 wind-proof knocking hasps are needed for each square meter according to the actual roof and wind load; the left lower part of the tile is welded on the tile hanging strip by a windproof safety fastener; the safety and the firmness are ensured;