CN111040404A - 一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000004412 Bulk moulding compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，按重量份数，包括以下组分：主体树脂100份、增韧剂10‑30份、增强纤维3‑30份、表面活性剂1‑6份、固化促进剂1‑5份、发泡剂1‑30份、阻燃剂0‑20份、空心玻璃微珠0‑30份。该高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料通过优化主体树脂、增韧剂、增强纤维、表面活性剂和固化促进剂等组分及配比，使得制备得到的团状模塑料不仅重量轻、阻燃而且具有优良的强度和韧性。本发明还提供了上述高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料的制备方法，该制备方法结合了发泡工艺和填充改性工艺的双重技术特点，使获得的团状模塑料既具有轻质高强又具有良好的阻燃特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料生产的技术领域，尤其是涉及一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料。
背景技术
团状模塑料（Bulk Molding Compound，简称BMC）是于1950 年开发起来的一种预混料，最初的团状模塑料是指在不饱和聚酯树脂中加入一定比例的增稠剂、短切玻璃纤维、填料以及其他添加剂经充分混合而成的团状预混料。
由于具备密度低、强度高、易成型、免维护等一系列特点，团状模塑料广泛应用于目前的汽车、电子、工程机械和轨道交通等领域。
但随着各个领域对团状模塑料阻燃及轻量化的要求不断提高，BMC已逐渐露出其短板，人们迫切需要更加优异的轻量化材料来满足需求。其中，发泡工艺在很多情况下一直是首选的材料轻量化方案。
然而，传统的发泡材料密度低，可以实现进一步减重，但由于存在强度低、脆性大等缺点，在满足阻燃要求后，其强度和韧性还会进一步大幅降低，难以满足使用要求。
因此，如何提供一种具有良好的抗冲击性能的轻量化团状模塑料，是本领域的技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，通过优化主体树脂、增韧剂、增强纤维、表面活性剂和固化促进剂等组分及配比，使得制备得到的团状模塑料不仅重量轻、阻燃而且具有优良的强度和韧性。本发明还提供了上述高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
主体树脂100 份、增韧剂10-30 份、增强纤维3-30 份、表面活性剂1-6 份、固化促进剂1-5 份、发泡剂1-30 份、阻燃剂0-20份、空心玻璃微珠0-30份。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述主体树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和不饱和聚酯树脂中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述增韧剂为聚醚型聚氨酯树脂、聚酯型聚氨酯树脂和丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述增强纤维为芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维/芳纶纤维混杂纤维和碳纤维/芳纶纤维混杂纤维中的至少一种；所述增强纤维的长度为0.2-10mm。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维、中碱玻璃纤维、高硅氧玻璃纤维、高强度玻璃纤维和高模量玻璃纤维中的至少一种；
所述芳纶纤维为对位芳纶和/或间位芳纶；
所述碳纤维为丙烯腈基碳纤维和/或沥青基碳纤维中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述表面活性剂为聚乙二醇型表面活性剂。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述固化促进剂为脂肪族胺类、聚酰胺、二甲苯磺酸、草酸、甲酸、过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰和过氧化甲乙酮中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、2-2’-偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二羧酸二乙酯、偶氮苯胺和苯磺酰肼中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一个优选实施例，所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、卤系阻燃剂和氢氧化铝中的至少一种；所述空心玻璃微珠为密度在0.1-0.6g/cm3的空心玻璃微珠。
本发明还提供了上述高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）将主体树脂、增韧剂、增强纤维、表面活性剂、固化促进剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂和空心玻璃微珠按重量份数投入到行星搅拌釜中，高速搅拌5-20分钟得到混合料；
（2）将上述所得混合料放入烘箱中，在80-150℃的温度下加热5-30min，发泡至膨胀，得到轻质阻燃团状模塑料。
基于上述的技术方案，本发明取得的技术效果为：
（1）本发明提供的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，是通过对主体树脂进行增韧改性和阻燃改性，同时结合发泡工艺和填充改性工艺的双重技术特点，密度可降低至0.2g/cm3，使纤维增强。相比于传统的团状模塑料（密度1.8-2.0 g/cm3），其减重明显，具备轻质高强的特性，又有良好的阻燃特性。
（2）本发明提供的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，结合了发泡工艺和填充改性工艺的双重技术特点，其操作方便，容易实现。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述，实施例给出了本发明的较佳实施方式。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地，提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
将100kg 不饱和聚酯树脂、10kg 聚酯型聚氨酯树脂、20kg芳纶纤维、5kg表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醋、5kg固化促进剂过氧化甲乙酮、10kg发泡剂偶氮二羧酸二乙酯、15kg阻燃剂氢氧化铝和10kg空心玻璃微珠投入到行星搅拌釜中，高速搅拌10min得到混合料，然后将所得混合料放入烘箱，在110℃下加热10min发泡至膨胀，得到轻质阻燃团状模塑料，所得密度为350kg/m3，阻燃达到V0级。
实施例2
将100kg 酚醛树脂、20kg 丙烯酸树脂、25kg芳纶纤维、3kg表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醋、5kg固化促进剂草酸、5kg发泡剂偶氮二羧酸二乙酯，5kg阻燃剂氢氧化铝和7kg空心玻璃微珠投入到行星搅拌釜中，高速搅拌10min得到混合料，然后将所得混合料放入烘箱，在110℃下加热10min发泡至膨胀，得到轻质阻燃团状模塑料，所得密度为550kg/m3，阻燃达到V0级。
实施例3
将100kg 环氧树脂、15kg 聚醚型聚氨酯树脂、10kg芳纶纤维、3kg表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醋、5kg固化促进剂聚酰胺、5kg发泡剂2-2’-偶氮二异丁腈，15kg阻燃剂氢氧化铝和10kg空心玻璃微珠投入到行星搅拌釜中，高速搅拌10min得到混合料，然后将所得混合料放入烘箱，在110℃下加热10min发泡至膨胀，得到轻质阻燃团状模塑料，所得密度为400kg/m3，阻燃达到V0级。
实施例4
将100kg酚醛树脂、25kg聚酯型聚氨酯树脂、23kg玻璃纤维/芳纶纤维混杂纤维、5kg表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醋、5kg固化促进剂过氧化环己酮、10kg发泡剂偶氮二羧酸二乙酯，15kg阻燃剂氢氧化铝和10kg密度为0.2g/cm3的空心玻璃微珠投入到行星搅拌釜中，高速搅拌10min得到混合料，然后将所得混合料放入烘箱，在110℃下加热10min发泡至膨胀，得到轻质阻燃团状模塑料，所得密度为430kg/m3，阻燃达到V0级。
以上内容仅仅为本发明所作的举例和说明，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些显而易见的替换形式均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
主体树脂100 份、增韧剂10-30 份、增强纤维3-30 份、表面活性剂1-6 份、固化促进剂1-5 份、发泡剂1-30 份、阻燃剂0-20份、空心玻璃微珠0-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述主体树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和不饱和聚酯树脂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述增韧剂为聚醚型聚氨酯树脂、聚酯型聚氨酯树脂和丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述增强纤维为芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维/芳纶纤维混杂纤维和碳纤维/芳纶纤维混杂纤维中的至少一种；所述增强纤维的长度为0.2-10mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维、中碱玻璃纤维、高硅氧玻璃纤维、高强度玻璃纤维和高模量玻璃纤维中的至少一种；
所述芳纶纤维为对位芳纶和/或间位芳纶；
所述碳纤维为丙烯腈基碳纤维和/或沥青基碳纤维中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为聚乙二醇型表面活性剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述固化促进剂为脂肪族胺类、聚酰胺、二甲苯磺酸、草酸、甲酸、过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰和过氧化甲乙酮中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、2-2’-偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二羧酸二乙酯、偶氮苯胺和苯磺酰肼中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、卤系阻燃剂和氢氧化铝中的至少一种；所述空心玻璃微珠为密度在0.1-0.6g/cm3的空心玻璃微珠。
10.一种如权利要求1~9任一所述的高抗冲轻质阻燃团状模塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将主体树脂、增韧剂、增强纤维、表面活性剂、固化促进剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂和空心玻璃微珠按重量份数投入到行星搅拌釜中，高速搅拌5-20分钟得到混合料；
（2）将上述所得混合料放入烘箱中，在80-150℃的温度下加热5-30min，发泡至膨胀，得到轻质阻燃团状模塑料。
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