CN111000615B - Intramedullary nail positioning drill jig frame - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intramedullary nail positioning drill jig frame, and mainly relates to the field of positioning drilling of intramedullary nail technology. Comprises a frame body and a die body; the mold body comprises an arc-shaped mold frame, a reaming intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group on the arc-shaped mold frame and a non-reaming intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group on the arc-shaped mold frame; the reaming intramedullary nail positioning die hole group is arranged at the tail ends of the two sides of the arc-shaped die frame; the non-reaming intramedullary nail positioning die hole group comprises an upper non-reaming locating die hole and a lower non-reaming locating die hole, the upper non-reaming locating die hole is positioned on the right side of the vertical connecting frame, and the lower non-reaming locating die hole is positioned on the left side of the vertical connecting frame. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the drill jig is suitable for reaming intramedullary nails and non-reaming intramedullary nails, and after the drill jig frame is positioned, the drill performs bone side drilling through positioning the jig holes, so that the positions of the bone side positioning drilling holes and the locking screw holes of the intramedullary nails are matched and positioned. Greatly reducing the technical difficulty of bone side positioning and drilling.

Description

Intramedullary Nail Positioning Drill Template Set

technical field

The invention relates to the field of positioning drilling for intramedullary nail technology, in particular to a positioning drilling template for intramedullary nails.

Background technique

Plate fixation is generally used after fracture, because the operation difficulty of plate fixation is low. However, for fractures of the extremities, intramedullary nailing is generally used. There is a big difference between plate and intramedullary nailing. The backbone of the limbs can be fixed in the medullary cavity with intramedullary nails. If intramedullary nailing cannot be used for periarticular fractures, plate fixation is used.

Although the surgical difficulty of plate fixation is low, the incision of plate fixation is relatively large, and the periosteum is peeled off, which easily destroys the blood supply here, resulting in delayed fracture union, even nonunion, infection and other complications, and the morbidity rate is relatively high. Intramedullary fixation is a minimally invasive fixation with small incisions and no damage to blood supply, so there are fewer postoperative complications and faster bone healing, so intramedullary fixation obviously has many advantages. Although steel plate fixing was used more in the past, it is used less and less now, but sometimes it is still necessary to use steel plate fixing.

The structural main body of the intramedullary nail is the nail rod. There is a proximal locking screw hole at the proximal end of the intramedullary nail rod, a distal locking screw hole at the distal end of the intramedullary nail rod, and a decompression screw hole on the surface of the intramedullary nail rod. flat. There is more than one strip-shaped decompression plane on the surface of the intramedullary nail rod, and the decompression plane can be from the proximal end of the intramedullary nail rod to the distal end of the intramedullary nail rod. A positioning bolt is detachably connected to the top of the proximal end of the intramedullary nail rod, and four locking screw positioning screw holes are arranged in a circular array on the side of the positioning bolt.

Intramedullary nails are divided into reamed intramedullary nails and unreamed intramedullary nails according to the way of penetration. The proximal end of the reamed intramedullary nail is positioned by passing the needle in parallel, and the proximal end of the unreamed intramedullary nail is positioned by crossing the needle. In clinical application, the intramedullary nail application will be selected according to various factors such as the fracture site and age of the patient.

After the intramedullary nail is implanted, the locking screw hole is located in the intramedullary in an invisible state, while the locking positioning screw needs to penetrate from the outside of the bone and be threadedly connected with the locking screw hole to fix the intramedullary nail. Before the locking positioning screw penetrates, positioning drilling is required. The position of the positioning drilling must be matched with the locking screw hole of the intramedullary nail to ensure that the subsequent locking positioning screw penetrates from the positioning drilling and realizes threading with the locking screw hole. connect.

The current positioning drilling is to first use the ruler to measure and estimate the position of the intramedullary locking screw hole, and then use the hole opener to perform positioning drilling. This drilling method has extremely high professional requirements for surgeons. The inability to coordinate with the locking screw hole behind the hole will greatly affect the fixation firmness of the intramedullary nail. The proximal end of the reamed intramedullary nail is positioned in parallel, and the difficulty of positioning the opening is relatively low. The height of the needle is also misaligned in the vertical direction, and the difficulty of positioning the opening will be greatly increased.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide intramedullary nail positioning drilling formwork, which is suitable for reamed intramedullary nails and non-reamed intramedullary nails, after the positioning of the drilling formwork, the driller carries out bone side drilling through positioning formwork hole positioning, thereby The position of the positioning drill hole on the side of the bone is coordinated with the locking screw hole of the intramedullary nail to ensure that the subsequent locking positioning screw penetrates from the positioning drill hole and is threadedly connected with the locking screw hole. It greatly reduces the technical difficulty of bone side positioning drilling.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

Intramedullary nail positioning drilling template frame, including frame body and template body;

Frame:

One end of the frame body is provided with an inner square plug, and the inner square plug is mated with the inner square groove on the top of the positioning bolt; the other end of the frame body is provided with a limit connecting frame detachably connected with the mold body;

Phantom:

The phantom includes an arc-shaped formwork, a set of reamed intramedullary nail positioning die holes on the arc-shaped formwork, and a set of unreamed intramedullary nail positioning die holes on the arc-shaped formwork;

The arc-shaped formwork headquarters is provided with a vertical connecting frame detachably connected to the limit connecting frame, and the bottom of the vertical connecting frame is provided with a screw threaded connection hole, and the screw threaded connection hole is locked with the side of the positioning bolt. Corresponding to the positioning screw hole of the tightening screw;

The reamed intramedullary nail positioning die hole group is arranged at the ends of both sides of the arc-shaped formwork, and each reamed intramedullary intramedullary nail positioning die hole group includes two reamed positioning die holes;

The unreamed intramedullary nail positioning die hole group includes an upper unreamed positioning die hole and a lower unreamed positioning die hole, the upper unreamed positioning die hole is located on the right side of the vertical connecting frame, and the lower The side unreamed positioning mold hole is located on the left side of the vertical connecting frame, the upper side unreamed positioning mold hole is located at the top of the upper plate of the arc formwork, and the lower side unreamed positioning mold hole is located on the arc Between the upper plate and the lower plate of the formwork, the angle between the centerline of the upper unreamed positioning mold hole and the centerline of the lower unreamed positioning mold hole is 135°, and the upper side The angle between the centerline of the unreamed positioning die hole and the centerline of the screw thread connection hole in the horizontal plane is 67.5°. The horizontal angle between them is 67.5°.

The bottom of the middle part of the arc-shaped formwork is provided with threaded connection holes for studs. A tightening stud is threaded on the threaded connection hole of the stud, and the end of the tightening stud leans against the bone segment.

The limit connecting frame is provided with a limit platform notch matched with the vertical connecting frame, and a first screw hole is provided on the limit platform notch, and after the vertical connecting frame is fitted with the limit platform notch, To limit rotation, the vertical connecting frame is provided with a round hole matched with the first screw hole, and the first screw hole and the round hole are fixed by a bolt and nut assembly.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

This device is equipped with reamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group and unreamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group, which is suitable for positioning drilling operation of reamed intramedullary nail and non-reamed intramedullary nail, and positioning of drilling mold frame The posterior reamer drills the side of the bone through the positioning of the positioning module hole group, so that the position of the positioning drill hole on the side of the bone can be matched with the locking screw hole of the intramedullary nail to ensure that the subsequent locking positioning screw penetrates through the positioning drill hole. And achieve threaded connection with the locking screw hole. It greatly reduces the technical difficulty of bone side positioning drilling.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the use state chart of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of phantom in the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the reamed intramedullary nail in the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the unreamed intramedullary nail in the present invention.

Labels shown in the accompanying drawings:

1. Frame body; 2. Phantom body; 3. Inner square plug; 4. Limiting connection frame; 5. Curved formwork; 6. Reamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group; Positioning die hole group; 8. Vertical connecting frame; 9. Screw thread connection hole; 10. Reamed positioning die hole; 11. Upper non-reamed positioning die hole; 12. Lower side non-reamed positioning die hole; 13 1. Stud threaded connection hole; 14. Notch of limit table; 15. Round hole; 16. Bolt and nut assembly; 17. Top-tightened stud.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined in the present application.

The present invention is an intramedullary nail positioning drilling template, and its main structure includes a frame body 1 and a model body 2; the structure and case analysis of the frame body 1 and the model body 2 are respectively carried out below.

1. Frame body 1:

One end of the frame body 1 is provided with an inner square plug 3, and the inner square plug 3 is mated with the inner square groove at the top of the positioning bolt; Bit connector 4. What needs to be explained here is that four locking screw positioning screw holes are provided on the side annular array of the positioning bolts, and these four locking screw positioning screw holes correspond to the four sides of the inner quadrangular groove. This can ensure that one end of the frame body 1 is inserted into the inner square groove to ensure that one of the locking screw positioning screw holes is in a vertical plane with the frame body 1, thereby further ensuring that after the frame body 1 and the mold body 2 are connected, the locking The tightening screw can be aligned with one of the locking screw positioning screw holes after passing through the screw thread connection hole 9 along the A line in Figure 1 of the attached drawing of the specification, so as to realize the screw thread connection hole 9, the locking screw, and the locking screw positioning screw hole three. The threaded hole connection between the two is positioned.

2. Phantom 2:

The phantom 2 includes an arc-shaped formwork 5, a set of reamed intramedullary nail positioning die holes 6 on the arc-shaped formwork 5, and a set of unreamed intramedullary nail positioning die holes 7 on the arc-shaped formwork 5;

The headquarter of the curved formwork 5 is provided with a vertical connecting frame 8 detachably connected with the limit connecting frame 4, and the bottom of the vertical connecting frame 8 is provided with a screw threaded connecting hole 9, and the screw threaded connecting hole 9 is connected to the The locking screw on the side of the positioning bolt corresponds to the positioning screw hole;

The reamed intramedullary nail positioning die hole group 6 is arranged at the ends of both sides of the arc-shaped formwork 5, and each reamed intramedullary intramedullary nail positioning die hole group 6 includes two reamed marrow positioning die holes 10; The positioning die holes 10 are arranged parallel up and down, and the vertical distance between the two reamed positioning die holes 10 is determined according to the vertical distance between the two proximal locking screw holes on the reamed intramedullary nail.

The unreamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group 7 includes an upper side unreamed positioning mold hole 11 and a lower side unreamed positioning mold hole 12, and the upper side unreamed positioning mold hole 11 is located on the right side of the vertical connecting frame 8. side, the lower side non-reamed positioning mold hole 12 is located on the left side of the vertical connecting frame 8, the upper side non-reamed positioning mold hole 11 is located at the top of the upper plate of the arc-shaped formwork 5, and the lower side The unreamed positioning mold hole 12 is located between the upper plate and the lower plate of the arc-shaped formwork 5, between the centerline of the upper side unreamed positioning mold hole 11 and the lower side unreamed positioning mold hole 12 The included angle in the horizontal plane direction is 135°, and the included angle in the horizontal plane direction between the centerline of the upper side non-reamed positioning die hole 11 and the centerline of the screw thread connecting hole 9 is 67.5°, and the lower side non-reamed The horizontal plane direction angle between the centerline of the positioning die hole 12 and the centerline of the screw threaded connection hole 9 is 67.5°. As shown in Fig. 4 of the attached drawing of the description, the structural diagram of the unreamed intramedullary nail is set according to the relative angle between the two proximal locking screw holes. The vertical distance between the upper side unreamed positioning mold hole 11 and the lower side unreamed positioning mold hole 12 is also set according to the vertical distance between the two proximal locking screw holes.

A stud threaded connection hole 13 is provided below the middle part of the arc-shaped formwork 5 . A tightening stud 17 is threadedly connected to the threaded connection hole 13 of the stud, and the end of the tightening stud 17 leans against the bone segment.

The device is positioned by three points. First, the inner square plug 3 is matched with the inner square groove on the top of the positioning bolt for plugging and positioning; second, the threaded hole between the screw thread connection hole 9, the locking screw, and the locking screw positioning screw hole is connected and positioned; Thirdly, the threaded connection hole 13 of the stud is threaded to connect the tightening stud 17, and the end of the tightening stud 17 is positioned against the bone segment. Of course, when drilling during the operation, in order to reduce the error caused by the vibration, it is also necessary to hold the frame body 1 by hand to perform the drilling work.

The detachable connection mode of the space-limiting connecting frame 4 and the vertical connecting frame 8 is as follows: the space-limiting connecting frame 4 is provided with a space-limiting platform gap 14 matched with the vertical connecting frame 8, and the space-limiting platform notch 14 The first screw hole is provided on the top, and the rotation is limited after the vertical connecting frame 8 fits with the notch 14 of the limit table, which limits the rotation of the mold body 2, thereby ensuring the realization of the screw thread connection hole 9, locking screw, The threaded holes between the locking screw positioning screw holes are connected and positioned. The vertical connecting frame 8 is provided with a round hole 15 matched with the first screw hole, and the first screw hole and the round hole 15 are fixed by a bolt and nut assembly 16 .

In summary:

The device is equipped with a reamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group 6 and an unreamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group 7, which is suitable for positioning and drilling operations of the reamed intramedullary nail and the unreamed intramedullary nail. After the frame is positioned, the drill drills the bone side through the positioning die hole group, so that the position of the bone side positioning drill hole and the locking screw hole of the intramedullary nail can be matched and positioned, ensuring that the subsequent locking positioning screw can pass through the positioning drill hole. Insert, and achieve threaded connection with the locking screw hole. It greatly reduces the technical difficulty of bone side positioning drilling.

Claims (2)

1. The intramedullary nail positioning drilling template is characterized in that: it includes a frame (1) and a template (2); Frame (1): One end of the frame body (1) is provided with an inner square plug (3), and the inner square plug (3) is mated with the inner square groove on the top of the positioning bolt; the other end of the frame body (1) is provided with a The limit connecting frame (4) that the mold body (2) is detachably connected; Phantom (2): The phantom (2) includes an arc-shaped formwork (5), a reamed intramedullary nail positioning die set (6) on the arc-shaped formwork (5), an unreamed nail on the arc-shaped formwork (5). Intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group (7); The headquarter of the curved formwork (5) is provided with a vertical connecting frame (8) detachably connected to the limit connecting frame (4), and the bottom of the vertical connecting frame (8) is provided with a screw threaded connecting hole (9 ), the screw thread connection hole (9) corresponds to the locking screw positioning screw hole on the side of the positioning bolt; The reamed intramedullary nail positioning die hole group (6) is arranged on both sides of the arc formwork (5), and each reamed intramedullary intramedullary nail positioning die hole group (6) includes two reamed marrow positioning die holes (10); The unreamed intramedullary nail positioning mold hole group (7) includes an upper side unreamed positioning mold hole (11) and a lower side unreamed positioning mold hole (12), and the upper side unreamed positioning mold hole (11) ) is located on the right side of the vertical connecting frame (8), and the non-reamed positioning die hole (12) on the lower side is located on the left side of the vertical connecting frame (8), and the non-reamed positioning die hole (11) on the described upper side ) is located at the top of the upper plate of the arc-shaped formwork (5), and the lower side non-reamed positioning mold hole (12) is located between the upper plate and the lower plate of the arc-shaped formwork (5), and the upper side of the non-reamed The horizontal direction included angle between the center line of the positioning die hole (11) and the center line of the lower side unreamed positioning die hole (12) is 135°, and the center of the upper side non-reamed positioning die hole (11) The angle between the horizontal plane direction between the line and the centerline of the screw threaded connecting hole (9) is 67.5°, the centerline of the lower side non-reamed positioning die hole (12) and the centerline of the screw threaded connecting hole (9) The horizontal angle between them is 67.5°; The space-limiting connecting frame (4) is provided with a space-limiting notch (14) matched with the vertical connecting frame (8), and the space-limiting platform notch (14) is provided with a first screw hole. The vertical connecting frame (8) is fitted to limit the rotation after the notch (14) of the limit platform, and the vertical connecting frame (8) is provided with a round hole (15) matching with the first screw hole. A screw hole and a round hole (15) are fixed by a bolt and nut assembly (16). 2. The intramedullary nail positioning drilling formwork set according to claim 1, characterized in that: a stud thread connection hole (13) is provided below the middle part of the arc formwork set (5).

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