Sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device and method capable of periodically changing electric field
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device and method capable of periodically changing an electric field, and belongs to the field of electrostatic spinning.
Background
The electrostatic spinning method is widely considered as a simple and efficient method for industrially preparing the micro-nanofibers by academia and industry due to the advantages of wide raw material applicability, low cost, simple equipment and the like, and is also the most promising process method. The basic principle is that under the action of high-voltage electrostatic field force, a polymer solution or melt forms a Taylor cone at the tail end of a capillary tube and then flies to a receiving device, a solvent in the solution is evaporated or the melt is solidified, and finally superfine fibers are formed on the receiving device. Among them, the solution electrospinning method has attracted attention in recent years because of the problems of environmental pollution and the like caused by the use of organic solvents.
Traditional electrostatic spinning's emission collection device adopts fixed more, realizes nanofiber's solidification deposit and then collects the cellosilk that spins through the mode of switch on circuit negative pole or ground connection, and the motion of polymer efflux in the electric field is unstable in this process, leads to its fibre of nanofiber who collects to arrange to be disorderly, and this is unfavorable for nanofiber goods performance promotion.
How to overcome the traditional thought obstacle is a difficulty in achieving further improvement of spinning quality through equipment and process innovation. There are some reports on the electrostatic spinning device for improving the uniformity of the nano-fiber at home and abroad at present. Chinese patent 201510278266.7 discloses an air-jet-assisted multi-needle electrostatic spinning device, which can improve the uniformity of a spun net to a certain extent by the aid of air flow, but has the problems that needles are easy to block, high-voltage electric fields are easy to influence each other and the like; chinese patent 201820926935.6 discloses a linear melt electrostatic spinning device for forming uniform web, which creatively melts and adheres polymer on the surface of a metal wire by using a high-temperature metal wire to closely contact with a solid polymer which moves back and forth, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of an electric field and realizing uniform web formation, but the mechanism is complex and easy to break down, and the reciprocating efficiency is relatively low. The method for improving the uniformity of the fiber web formation adopted by the prior patent contains a certain idle stroke, and the spinning efficiency is easily influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device and method capable of periodically changing an electric field, which are based on the original polymer melt electrostatic spinning technology, wherein a sawtooth steel belt capable of rotating in a rotary manner is arranged at a machine head slit position generated by jet flow, and the purpose of the periodic movement of the polymer jet flow in the electric field is taken; because the generation of the Taylor cone on the free liquid surface generally occurs at the field strength strongest point, the periodic revolution of the sawtooth-shaped steel belt in the machine head slit can lead the bottommost end of the teeth of the steel belt to periodically and circularly move, further lead a plurality of electric field strength strongest points to periodically and circularly move along with the periodic and circular movement of the bottommost end of the teeth of the steel belt, further lead the generation point of the Taylor cone to periodically and circularly move along with the periodic and circular movement of the field strength strongest point, and further finally realize the more uniform distribution of the collected spinning on the collecting plate; if the distance between the Taylor cones needs to be changed, the purpose can be realized only by replacing steel strips with different tooth shapes.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose is as follows: a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device capable of periodically changing an electric field mainly comprises an extruder, an L-shaped spinning machine head, a transmission device, a spinning device, a collecting device, an electric device and a liquid scraping device; the L-shaped spinning machine head comprises an L-shaped spinning machine head main body, a mouth-shaped adjusting plate, a mouth-shaped adjusting nut and a heating temperature control device, the transmission device comprises a motor, a coupler, a bevel gear transmission mechanism, a power roller and a guide roller, the spinning device is a sawtooth-shaped steel belt, the collecting device comprises a non-woven fabric collecting plate and a metal electrode plate, the electric device comprises a high-voltage electrostatic generator and a ground wire end, and the liquid scraping device comprises a collecting scraper plate, a residual liquid transmission pipe and a residual liquid collecting box; the internal structure of the machine head also comprises an air internal air duct, a machine head internal flow passage and a machine head mouth-shaped slit; when the sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device works, the extruder is responsible for providing melt spinning raw materials; the L-shaped spinning machine head can realize the adjustment of the slit by adjusting the mouth-shaped adjusting plate, and a liquid scraping device is arranged at the position of the slit on the steel belt at the right end of the machine head to scrape and collect the residual substances on the steel belt; the motor transmits power to the power roller through the coupler and the bevel gear transmission mechanism, the power roller drives the sawtooth-shaped steel belt to rotate, and the guide roller guides the sawtooth-shaped steel belt to rotate so as to finish the basic rotation action of spinning; when the L-shaped spinning machine head works, the main body of the L-shaped spinning machine head is connected with a ground wire end, and the metal electrode plate is connected with the anode of the high-voltage electrostatic generator.
The invention provides a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device capable of periodically changing an electric field, wherein a spinning material can be a polymer melt, a polymer solution or a composite material thereof; in order to prevent the influence of point discharge on the spinning effect, the metal electrode plate is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the main body of the L-shaped spinning machine head is connected with a ground wire; the slit width can be adjusted by adjusting the mouth-shaped adjusting plate of the L-shaped spinning machine head; the change of the space between the taylor cones can be realized by replacing the steel strips of the sawtooth steel belts with different tooth shapes.
The invention provides a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device capable of periodically changing an electric field, which mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, connecting a metal electrode plate with the positive electrode of a high-voltage electrostatic generator, connecting an L-shaped spinning machine head main body with a ground wire end, and adjusting the distance between the bottom of a sawtooth-shaped steel belt tooth and a non-woven fabric collecting plate;
secondly, adjusting the size of a mouth-shaped slit of the L-shaped spinning machine head, and enabling the sawtooth-shaped steel belt to penetrate through the mouth-shaped slit;
thirdly, opening a driving motor of the power roller and setting a rotating speed;
fourthly, opening a switch of the high-voltage electrostatic generator, and slowly increasing the voltage to the required spinning voltage;
fifthly, generating a Taylor cone at the lowest position of the bottom of the tooth of the sawtooth-shaped steel belt in the mouth-shaped slit of the L-shaped spinning machine head and the non-woven fabric collecting plate;
and sixthly, the spinning jet flies to the non-woven fabric collecting plate under the action of the periodically changed electrostatic field, and the jet is stretched, solidified and deposited on the non-woven fabric collecting plate to form a large number of nano fibers.
In the sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device and method capable of periodically changing the electric field, the width of a mouth-shaped slit of an L-shaped spinning machine head can be adjusted through a mouth-shaped plate, and the adjustable range is 1-10 mm; the tooth tops of the sawtooth-shaped rigid belts are rounded; the rotating speed of the speed-adjustable pneumatic motor is 0-100 r/min.
The invention provides another scheme of a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device capable of periodically changing an electric field, which is characterized in that sawtooth-shaped steel belts and corresponding transmission devices are arranged in an axisymmetric mode around the center point of a machine head mouth-shaped slit, and the movement directions of the sawtooth-shaped steel belts are opposite when the sawtooth-shaped electrostatic spinning device works, namely, the two sawtooth-shaped steel belts are parallel and rotate to opposite directions, the two sawtooth-shaped steel belts are parallel in a mouth die, the distance meets the spinning requirement, electric field interference does not occur, and the problem that the edge of a spun film is thin possibly under certain conditions is solved.
The spinning process adopting the other scheme of the invention comprises the following process steps that on the basis of the process of the original scheme, the driving motors of two sets of transmission devices are required to be respectively opened in the third step, the rotating speed is set, and the moving directions of the sawtooth-shaped steel belts of the two sets of spinning devices in a machine head opening slit are opposite;
the invention has the beneficial effects that: adopt L shape spinning frame head, there is the sawtooth steel band to pass in its mouth type slit, the sawtooth steel band is driven by roller mechanism and is rotated, the below sets up the non-woven fabrics collecting plate, under the drive of motor is rotatory, because the rotary motion of sawtooth steel band, can make profile of tooth bottom electric field present periodic variation, thereby make the producing point of taylor awl along with the periodic variation of field intensity strongest point and periodic variation thereupon, thereby make polymer efflux along with electric field variation cycle more even arrival non-woven fabrics collecting plate and solidification deposit on the surface, under the condition that does not influence collection efficiency, realize that the fibrous structure of collecting nanofiber is more even, improve material properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a sawtooth type electrospinning device according to the present invention, in which the electric field can be periodically changed;
FIG. 2 is a top partial cross-sectional view of the electrospinning apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of an L-shaped spinneret of the electrospinning apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top partial cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the electrospinning apparatus shown in FIG. 1, two steel belts turned in opposite directions;
fig. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of an L-shaped spinneret of the electrospinning apparatus shown in fig. 4.
In the figure: 1-an extruder; 2, a motor; 3, coupling; 4-bevel gear drive; 5-a power roller; 6-a sawtooth steel belt; 7-a collecting scraper; 8-L-shaped spinning machine head main body; 9-a mouth shape adjusting plate; 10-adjusting nut of the shape of mouth of a river; 11-ground end; 12-heating a temperature control device; 13-a guide roller; 14-a raffinate collection tank; 15-residual liquid conveying pipe; 16-a metal electrode plate; 17-a non-woven fabric collection plate; 18-spinning jet; 19-a high voltage electrostatic generator; 20-air inner air duct; 21-a machine head inner flow passage; 22-nose-die slit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device capable of periodically changing an electric field. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the main part of the electrospinning device comprises an extruder 1, an L-shaped spinning head, a transmission device, a spinning device, a collecting device, an electric device and a liquid scraping device; the L-shaped spinning machine head comprises an L-shaped spinning machine head main body 8, a mouth-shaped adjusting plate 9, a mouth-shaped adjusting nut 10 and a heating temperature control device 12, wherein the transmission device comprises a motor 2, a coupler 3, a bevel gear transmission mechanism 4, a power roller 5 and a guide roller 13, the spinning device is a sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6, the collection device comprises a non-woven fabric collection plate 17 and a metal electrode plate 16, the electric device comprises a high-voltage electrostatic generator 19 and a ground wire end 11, and the liquid scraping device comprises a collection scraper 7, a residual liquid transmission pipe 15 and a residual liquid collection box 14; as shown in fig. 3, a side cross-sectional view of the handpiece is shown, and the internal structure of the handpiece further includes an air internal air duct 20, a handpiece internal flow passage 21 and a handpiece mouth-shaped slit 22; when the sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device works, the extruder is responsible for providing melt spinning raw materials; the L-shaped spinning machine head can realize the adjustment of the slit by adjusting the mouth-shaped adjusting plate 9, and a liquid scraping device 7 is arranged at the position of the slit on the steel belt at the right end of the machine head to scrape and collect the residual substances on the steel belt; as shown in fig. 2, the motor 2 transmits power to the power roller 5 through the coupler 3 and the bevel gear transmission mechanism 4, the power roller 5 drives the sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6 to rotate, and the guide roller 13 guides the sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6 to rotate to complete the basic rotation action of spinning; when the L-shaped spinning machine head main body 8 works, the ground wire end 11 is connected, and the metal electrode plate 16 is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage electrostatic generator 19.
The spinning process adopting the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, connecting a metal electrode plate 16 with the positive electrode of a high-voltage electrostatic generator 19, connecting an L-shaped spinning machine head main body 8 with a ground wire end 11, and adjusting the distance between the bottom of the tooth of the sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6 and a non-woven fabric collecting plate 17;
secondly, adjusting the size of the mouth-shaped slit 22 of the L-shaped spinning machine head, and enabling the sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6 to penetrate through the mouth-shaped slit 22;
thirdly, opening a driving motor 2 of a power roller 5 and setting a rotating speed;
fourthly, turning on a 19 switch of the high-voltage electrostatic generator, and slowly increasing the voltage to the required spinning voltage;
fifthly, generating a Taylor cone at the lowest position of the bottom of the teeth of the sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6 in the L-shaped spinning machine head mouth-shaped slit 22 and the non-woven fabric collecting plate 17;
and sixthly, the spinning jet 18 flies to the non-woven fabric collecting plate 17 under the action of the periodically changed electrostatic field, and the jet is stretched, solidified and deposited on the non-woven fabric collecting plate to form a large number of nano fibers.
The invention provides another scheme of a sawtooth type electrostatic spinning device capable of periodically changing an electric field. On the basis of the original scheme, the sawtooth-shaped steel belts 6 and the corresponding transmission devices are arranged in an axisymmetric mode about the central point of the nose mouth-shaped slit 22, as shown in figure 4, and the moving directions of the sawtooth-shaped steel belts and the corresponding transmission devices are opposite during operation, so that the problem that the edge of a spun film is thin possibly in some cases is solved.
The spinning process adopting the other scheme of the patent of the invention comprises the steps that on the basis of the process of the original scheme, the driving motors 2 of the two sets of transmission devices are required to be respectively opened in the third step, the rotating speed is set, and the moving directions of the two sets of the sawtooth-shaped steel belts 6 of the spinning devices in the machine head opening type slit 22 are opposite, as shown in figure 5.
One specific example of electrospinning is as follows: nanofibers were produced by maintaining polypropylene (PP) in a melt state using an extruder and a heated temperature control device. Connecting a metal electrode plate 16 with the positive electrode of a high-voltage electrostatic generator 19, connecting an L-shaped spinning machine head main body 8 with a ground wire end 11, and adjusting the distance between the bottom of the teeth of the sawtooth-shaped steel belt 6 and a non-woven fabric collecting plate 17 to be 20 cm; then, the driving motor 2 is started, and the rotating speed is set to be 80 r/min; then, a switch of a high-voltage electrostatic generator 19 is turned on, and the voltage is slowly increased to the voltage required by spinning; a large number of jet flows are generated at the lowest position of the mouth shape of the L-shaped spinning machine head and the non-woven fabric collecting plate 17; the spinning jet flies to the non-woven fabric collecting plate 17 under the action of the periodically changed electrostatic field, and the jet is stretched, solidified and deposited on the non-woven fabric collecting plate 17 to form a large number of nano fibers.