CN110965983A - Underground electromagnetic flaw detector - Google Patents
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- CN110965983A CN110965983A CN201811134020.2A CN201811134020A CN110965983A CN 110965983 A CN110965983 A CN 110965983A CN 201811134020 A CN201811134020 A CN 201811134020A CN 110965983 A CN110965983 A CN 110965983A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to an underground electromagnetic flaw detector, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field engineering logging equipment. The underground electromagnetic flaw detector comprises a processor module, an emission system and a magnetic field array sensor, wherein the emission system and the magnetic field array sensor are respectively connected with the processor module, the processor module is in communication connection with each sensor in the magnetic field array sensor, and when data are acquired, the processor module sends synchronous acquisition instructions to each sensor to control each sensor to acquire data simultaneously. According to the invention, each sensor in the magnetic field array sensor synchronously receives sleeve electromagnetic response characteristics at different angles, and simultaneously receives the sleeve electromagnetic response characteristics by one-time transmission, so that a single acquisition period is shortened, the deviation of the recording start angle and the recording end angle of each sensor is reduced, the possibility of autobiography of an instrument is reduced, the measurement accuracy is improved, the requirement of sleeve three-dimensional fine detection is met, and the field logging efficiency is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underground electromagnetic flaw detector, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field engineering logging equipment.
Background
At present, oil and gas fields face the current situation that the damage and deformation degree of a casing of a production well is increased year by year, and before underground remediation operation is carried out, the deformation and damage degree of the casing need to be evaluated finely. The eddy current electromagnetic logging device (also called as downhole electromagnetic flaw detector, hereinafter called as downhole electromagnetic flaw detector) is used as a nondestructive and non-contact device, is not easily affected by well fluid, scale and wax, and becomes one of the most widely used casing detection technologies at present.
The traditional underground electromagnetic flaw detector adopts a self-generating and self-retracting coil as an inductive probe, and each inductive probe is a transmitting source and a receiver. When in measurement, a group of pulse currents in a short time drives the induction probe to generate an alternating magnetic field, and the sleeve is influenced by the alternating magnetic field to generate an induced eddy current electric field in the sleeve. During the turn-off of the magnetic field of the emission source, a secondary magnetic field generated by the eddy current electromagnetism will generate an induced electromotive force in the inductive probe. The sleeve information can be analyzed by analyzing the magnitude and the change condition of the induced electromotive force, and the sleeve information comprises the wall thickness value, the wall crack, the sleeve fracture, the sleeve deformation type and degree and the like of the sleeve.
Because the induced electromotive force received by the induction probe of the traditional underground electromagnetic flaw detector is a secondary magnetic field simultaneously comprising an excitation magnetic field and a sleeve eddy current electric field, under the condition of a multilayer tubular column, in order to realize larger detection distance and higher detection precision, the driving current of the induction probe is correspondingly increased so as to improve the intensity of the excitation magnetic field. Under the condition of limited inner diameter size of the oil pipe, the cost of components and the difficulty of manufacturing instruments are greatly increased.
Some manufacturers at home and abroad have already studied array downhole electromagnetic flaw detectors, and a plurality of groups of induction probes are horizontally arranged, so that a single induction probe covers and distinguishes a certain sector of the pipe wall, and the fine detection of the pipe wall of the casing is realized. Because the inductive probes still adopt the traditional self-transmitting and self-receiving scheme, in order to ensure effective detection radius and accuracy, the transmitting power of each inductive probe needs to be improved, and a plurality of inductive probes form an array to mutually influence the signal receiving of each other. In addition, the inductive probe array needs to transmit and receive one by one during measurement, and in order to reduce the influence of other inductive probes on the current inductive probe, the waiting time between two transmissions needs to be longer than the magnetic field decay time, so that the field logging speed is greatly reduced, and the testing time cost is increased.
In recent years, for example, chinese utility model patent publication No. CN 202947991U discloses a multi-sector electromagnetic flaw detection thickness gauge, in which an excitation coil and a detection coil are separately provided, so as to reduce the influence of an excitation magnetic field on a measurement result, but the flaw detection thickness gauge adopts a time-sharing asynchronous acquisition mode, in which a plurality of inductive probes respectively operate according to time, so that a plurality of emission-acquisition cycles are included in an acquisition period, thereby greatly increasing the measurement time. The well section that the instrument passes through is long in a single acquisition cycle time, so it is difficult to guarantee sufficient longitudinal resolution under the minimum velocity measurement limit condition. The logging instrument is influenced by cable tensioning, tubular column friction and the like, an instrument autorotation phenomenon possibly exists during measurement, the probability of the instrument autobiography phenomenon is increased due to long single acquisition cycle time, and after the autobiography phenomenon, the recording starting angle and the recording ending angle of each induction probe in the array sensor have large deviation, so that the measurement accuracy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underground electromagnetic flaw detector, which is used for solving the problem of low measurement accuracy caused by time-sharing asynchronous acquisition and increased measurement time of the existing electromagnetic flaw detector.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an underground electromagnetic flaw detector which comprises a processor module, an emission system and a magnetic field array sensor, wherein the emission system and the magnetic field array sensor are respectively connected with the processor module, the processor module is in communication connection with each sensor in the magnetic field array sensor, and when data is acquired, the processor module sends synchronous acquisition instructions to each sensor to control each sensor to acquire data simultaneously.
The sensors in the magnetic field array sensor synchronously receive sleeve electromagnetic response characteristics at different angles, and simultaneously receive the sleeve electromagnetic response characteristics by one-time transmission, so that the single acquisition period is shortened, the deviation of the recording start angle and the recording end angle of each sensor is reduced, the possibility of autobiography of an instrument is reduced, the measurement accuracy is improved, the requirement of sleeve three-dimensional fine detection is met, and the field logging efficiency is ensured.
Furthermore, the underground electromagnetic flaw detector also comprises a flaw detector shell, and the processor module, the transmitting system and the magnetic field array sensor are arranged inside the flaw detector shell.
The processor module, the transmitting system and the magnetic field array sensor are installed inside the flaw detector shell, non-contact and non-abrasion measurement is achieved through the electromagnetic principle, and the interference of measurement is reduced.
Further, magnetic field array sensor still includes cylindrical shell, and cylindrical shell installs in the flaw detector casing, and the axis of cylindrical shell and the axis parallel arrangement of flaw detector casing, and each sensor evenly arranges in proper order in cylindrical shell along cylindrical shell circumference.
The sensors are uniformly distributed in an equal angle, so that magnetic field signals reflected by the sleeve can be comprehensively received, the angular resolution is further improved, and the accuracy of measurement is ensured.
Furthermore, a mounting bracket for fixing each sensor is arranged in the cylindrical shell.
The sensor is fixed by the mounting bracket, and the method is simple and easy to manufacture.
Furthermore, the mounting bracket is provided with mounting grooves which correspond to the sensors one by one and are matched with the sensors in shape, and the sensors are fixed in the corresponding mounting grooves.
The recess of support matches with the shape of sensor, and is fixed more firmly, avoids the sensor to make a round trip to rock the measuring result that arouses inaccurate.
Furthermore, a magnetic field array sensor non-magnetic framework which is coaxial with the cylindrical shell and used for fixing the mounting bracket is further arranged in the cylindrical shell.
The magnetic field array sensor is adopted, and the magnetic framework is not arranged, so that the influence of interference signals on detection results can be avoided while the support is fixedly mounted.
Furthermore, a bus channel for relevant lines to pass through is arranged at the axis of the non-magnetic framework of the magnetic field array sensor along the axial extension direction.
The bus channel is used for carrying out centralized management on related circuits, so that the electromagnetic flaw detector is cleaner and tidier, and the error caused by disorder circuits can be avoided.
Further, the transmission system is arranged below the magnetic field array sensor.
The transmitting system and the magnetic field array sensor are designed separately, the transmitting system is arranged below the magnetic field array sensor, the influence of an excitation magnetic field on a measurement result is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement precision are improved, the separate designs are sequentially arranged under the condition that the size of the inner diameter of an oil pipe is limited, the volumes of the corresponding transmitting system and the receiving system can be increased, corresponding driving currents are increased, and the detection radius and the sleeve electromagnetic response signal strength are increased under the condition of limited transmitting power.
Furthermore, two ends of the flaw detector shell are respectively provided with a centralizer.
The centralizer is arranged, so that the underground electromagnetic flaw detector can be conveniently taken and placed, and the safety of measurement is guaranteed.
Furthermore, a natural gamma probe, a motion trail recording module and a temperature sensor are further installed in the flaw detector shell, and the natural gamma probe, the motion trail recording module and the temperature sensor are respectively connected with the processor module.
The processor module controls the working time sequence, controls the magnetic field array sensor to collect and controls the natural gamma probe, the motion trail recording module and the temperature sensor to collect signals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field array sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform of a periodic square wave excitation signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is the host computer, 2 is data power cable, 3 is electromagnetic flaw detector in the pit, 4 is the DSP treater, 5 is the appearance casing of detecting a flaw, 6 is the centralizer, 7 is natural gamma probe, 8 is the movement track record module, 9 is magnetic field array sensor, 10 is temperature sensor, 11 is power drive module, 12 is transmitting coil, 901 is magnetic field array sensor shell, 902 is the sensor, 903 is the installing support, 904 is magnetic field array sensor no magnetism skeleton, 905 is bus channel.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the underground electromagnetic flaw detector comprises the following steps:
the main conception of the invention is as follows: the receiving system adopts a magnetic field array sensor, each sensor in the magnetic field array sensor is in communication connection with the processor module and used for receiving a common clock signal, when data are collected, the processor module sends synchronous collection instructions to each sensor to control each sensor to collect simultaneously, and the synchronous collection can reduce the single measurement period time and improve the measurement accuracy of the instrument.
As shown in fig. 1, a DSP processor 4 (processor module) is built in the downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3, the collected acquisition information is uploaded to the upper computer 1 through a data power cable 2, the upper computer 1 analyzes and processes the signal, and finally the integrity of the casing of the production well is judged. The data power cable 2 is used for communication, and as another embodiment, wireless communication can be used under the condition that electromagnetic interference can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 2, the downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3 includes a DSP processor 4, a transmitting coil 12 (i.e., a transmitting system) and a magnetic field array sensor 9, the transmitting coil 12 is connected to the DSP processor 4, each sensor in the magnetic field array sensor 9 is in communication connection with the DSP processor 4, and the DSP processor 4 controls each sensor to synchronously acquire data.
In order to avoid the abrasion of each device and reduce the interference of each device, the underground electromagnetic flaw detector 3 further comprises a flaw detector shell 5, the DSP 4, the transmitting coil 12 and the magnetic field array sensor 9 are installed inside the flaw detector shell 5, in order to ensure the reliability of the communication connection between the DSP 4 and the transmitting coil 12, a power driving module 11 can be added, and the power driving module 11 receives the signal of the DSP 4 and then sends the signal to the transmitting coil 12. In the present embodiment, the shape of the flaw detector housing 5 is not limited as long as the flaw detector housing 5 matches the shape of the casing of the production well, and the measurement is not affected. In order to avoid the signal generated by the connecting line from interfering with the detection result, the power driving module 11 and the transmitting coil 12 are connected by a magnetic shielding cable, and as an alternative embodiment, a common data connecting line can be used under the condition that the detection result is not affected.
As shown in fig. 3, the magnetic field array sensor 9 includes a magnetic field array sensor housing 901 and a plurality of sensors 902, in this embodiment, the shape of the magnetic field array sensor housing 901 is a cylindrical housing, and the axis of the magnetic field array sensor housing 901 and the axis of the flaw detector housing 5 are coaxially arranged, and the sensors 902 are sequentially and uniformly arranged in the magnetic field array sensor housing 901 along the circumferential direction of the magnetic field array sensor housing 901.
In this embodiment, the number of the sensors 902 is 24, 24 sensors 902 are uniformly arranged inside the magnetic field array sensor housing 901 at equal angles in the circumferential direction, and according to the principle that one circle is 360 °, the resolution capability of the magnetic field array sensor 9 can be calculated to be 360 °/24 — 15 °, as another embodiment, the number of the sensors 902 can also be 20, the resolution capability of the magnetic field array sensor 9 can be calculated to be 360 °/20 — 18 °, or the number of the sensors 902 can also be 18, the resolution capability of the magnetic field array sensor 9 can be calculated to be 360 °/18 — 20 °, the number of the sensors 902 is not limited, as long as it is ensured that the sensors 902 can be uniformly arranged in the oil pipe, and the larger the number of the sensors 902 is, the higher the resolution capability is, and the more accurate the result is.
Magnetic field array sensor 9 still includes installing support 903, installing support 903 is used for fixed sensor 902, installing support 903 sets up a plurality of mounting grooves that correspond one-to-one and shape-match with sensor 902 along the circumferencial direction, fix sensor 902 in the inside of installing support 903, the mounting groove quantity of installing support 903 can be the same with the quantity of sensor 902, also can be inequality, as long as satisfy all sensor 902 fixed, of course if fix it on adhering sensor 902 and magnetic field array sensor shell 901, installing support 903 also can not have, also can use other modes to fix sensor 902.
In order to fix the mounting bracket 903 and prevent the mounting bracket from moving easily, the magnetic field array sensor 9 further includes a magnetic field array sensor nonmagnetic framework 904, the magnetic field array sensor nonmagnetic framework 904 and the magnetic field array sensor casing 901 are coaxially arranged for fixing the magnetic field array sensor casing 901, and if the magnetic field array sensor casing 901 can be ensured to be stable and not move in the flaw detector casing 5, the magnetic field array sensor nonmagnetic framework 904 may not be present.
As another embodiment, the bus channel 905 may not be provided when the data lines of the mounting bracket 903 are ensured to be reliably positioned and placed in the axial extending direction at the axis of the non-magnetic skeleton 904 of the magnetic field array sensor.
In order to excite the influence of the magnetic field on the measurement result, the transmitting coil 12 and the magnetic field array sensor 9 are sequentially arranged in the flaw detector shell 5 in a vertically separated mode, in the embodiment, the transmitting system is the transmitting coil 12, the transmitting coil 12 is formed by winding a multi-turn closed-loop coil insulation low-resistance cable around a magnetic cylinder and mainly used for transmitting a vertical magnetic field, the length of the coil is 0.5m, and the equivalent area is 100m2Of course, the specific implementation of the transmission system is not limited herein.
Centralizer 6 is provided with respectively at flaw detector casing 5 both ends, and flaw detector casing 5 embeds installs nature gamma probe 7, motion trail record module 8 and temperature sensor 10, and nature gamma probe 7, motion trail record module 8 and temperature sensor 10 pass through internal data bus with DSP processor 4 respectively and are connected. The movement track recording module 8 is responsible for recording the rotation angle change of the instrument and the inclination angle change of the instrument in real time, the natural gamma probe 7 is used for detecting the content of radioactive substances in the stratum, and the temperature sensor 10 is used for the working temperature of the underground electromagnetic flaw detector 3.
As shown in the schematic structural diagram of the downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3 shown in fig. 2, the components of the downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3 are arranged in sequence, but the arrangement sequence of the components is not fixed as long as the function of the downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3 can be realized.
The working process of the downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3 is shown in fig. 5, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the upper computer 1 supplies power to the underground electromagnetic flaw detector 3, and sets parameters of the underground electromagnetic flaw detector 3.
2) The DSP processor 4 receives a command given by the upper computer 1 to start transmitting an electromagnetic field, and the DSP processor 4 controls the turn-off of the transmitting coil 12 by sending a periodic square wave excitation signal as shown in fig. 4 to the transmitting coil 12 through the power driving module 11.
The periodic square wave excitation signal recording period comprises one forward attenuation and one reverse attenuation, the magnetization effect of the oil casing can be counteracted, the duration is usually 300-500 ms, the emission current parameter is set by a user command, and the magnitude of the forward and reverse emitted current is consistent, usually 40-100A.
The control clock output by the DSP 4 drives the signal conversion of the transmitting coil 12 through the power driving module 11, if the output signal of the DSP 4 is 0, the power driving module 11 closes the driving current, if the output signal of the DSP 4 is 1, the power driving module 11 positively opens the driving current, and if the output signal of the DSP 4 is-1, the power driving module 11 reversely opens the driving current. The output signal of the DSP processor 4 is 0, and the power driving module 11 turns off the driving current, at which time the transmitting coil 12 is in an off state.
3) The transmitting coil 12 is turned off and the magnetic field array sensor 9 is turned on, the magnetic field array sensor 9 is used as a receiver to receive induced electromotive force caused by a secondary magnetic field induced by eddy current electric fields in the casing pipe wall of each sector, the DSP processor 4 sends a common clock signal to control each sensor 902 in the magnetic field array sensor 9 to synchronously acquire electric signals, and the DSP processor 4 processes and stores information acquired by the magnetic field array sensor 9.
The DSP processor 4 starts to record the information collected by the magnetic field array sensor 9, and simultaneously, the DSP processor 4 also records the information collected by the motion track recording module 8, the information collected by the natural gamma probe 7, the signal collected by the temperature sensor 10 and the emission current information sent by the power driving module 11.
The DSP processor 4 controls the working timing sequence, and controls the sensors 902 to perform synchronous acquisition and also performs acquisition of natural gamma signals, motion trajectory signals, temperature signals, and power emission.
The magnetic field array sensor 9 performs multi-path synchronous acquisition by using a common clock generated by the DSP processor 4 under the control timing sequence of the DSP processor 4.
4) The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector 3 stores the current data packet in the DSP processor 4 and waits for an upload command.
5) After receiving the upload command, the DSP processor 4 sends the stored data packet to the upper computer 1.
6) The upper computer 1 analyzes the received uploaded data packet and displays the data in a curve form.
7) The host computer 1 automatically judges whether the data is abnormal or normal according to the set judgment condition, and prompts a worker to modify the setting and measure the data if the data is abnormal; and if the data is normal, storing the data packet.
8) And after the data packet is stored, measuring the next depth point.
Each sensor 902 in the magnetic field array sensor 9 synchronously receives sleeve electromagnetic response characteristics at different angles, and simultaneously receives the sleeve electromagnetic response characteristics by one-time transmission, so that the single acquisition period is shortened, the deviation of the recording start angle and the recording end angle of each sensor 902 is reduced, the measurement accuracy can be ensured under the condition that the instrument transmits automatically, the requirement of sleeve three-dimensional fine detection is met, and the field logging efficiency is ensured.
Claims (10)
1. The underground electromagnetic flaw detector comprises a processor module, an emission system and a magnetic field array sensor, wherein the emission system and the magnetic field array sensor are respectively connected with the processor module.
2. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector of claim 1, further comprising a flaw detector housing, the processor module, transmission system, and magnetic field array sensor being mounted inside the flaw detector housing.
3. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector of claim 2, wherein the magnetic field array sensor further comprises a cylindrical housing mounted within the flaw detector housing with an axis of the cylindrical housing parallel to an axis of the flaw detector housing, and wherein the sensors are uniformly arranged within the cylindrical housing in sequence along a circumferential direction of the cylindrical housing.
4. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector of claim 3, wherein a mounting bracket is further disposed within the cylindrical housing for securing each sensor.
5. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector according to claim 4, wherein the mounting bracket is provided with mounting grooves corresponding to the sensors one by one and matching with the shape of the sensors, and the sensors are fixed in the corresponding mounting grooves.
6. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a magnetic field array sensor nonmagnetic framework is further arranged in the cylindrical shell, is coaxial with the cylindrical shell and is used for fixing the mounting bracket.
7. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector according to claim 6, wherein the axial center of the non-magnetic framework of the magnetic field array sensor is provided with a bus channel for the related line to pass through along the axial extending direction.
8. A downhole electromagnetic flaw detector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the transmission system is arranged below the magnetic field array sensor.
9. The downhole electromagnetic flaw detector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein centralizers are respectively arranged at two ends of the flaw detector shell.
10. The underground electromagnetic flaw detector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a natural gamma probe, a motion trail recording module and a temperature sensor are further installed in the flaw detector shell, and the natural gamma probe, the motion trail recording module and the temperature sensor are respectively connected with the processor module.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113530521A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A downhole electromagnetic logging tool |
| CN113587802A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for identifying deformation type of underground casing |
| CN114810045A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Oil pipe detecting rod |
| CN114965681A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 陕西荣尚青石油设备有限责任公司 | Method, device and system for detecting asymmetric damage of casing |
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| WO2021213352A1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole electromagnetic logging instrument |
| DE112021002475T5 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2023-03-16 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | ELECTROMAGNETIC BORE HOLE LOG |
| US12174330B2 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2024-12-24 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Downhole electromagnetic logging instrument |
| CN113587802A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for identifying deformation type of underground casing |
| CN113587802B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-08-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Underground casing deformation type identification method and device |
| CN114810045A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Oil pipe detecting rod |
| CN114965681A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 陕西荣尚青石油设备有限责任公司 | Method, device and system for detecting asymmetric damage of casing |
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