CN106199720B - A kind of drilling tool condition detection method and device for VSP during drilling measurement - Google Patents
A kind of drilling tool condition detection method and device for VSP during drilling measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling tool condition detection methods and device for VSP during drilling measurement.Include: signal filter step, removes the direct current signal and high-frequency signal of longitudinal acceleration signal；Acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared by zero passage statistic procedure with forward and reverse acceleration rate threshold ± Δ g, determine the value whether zero passage；Acceleration value zero passage number in the statistics predetermined time obtains the first statistical value；State judgment step, repeat zero passage statistic procedure several times, the number that the first statistical value is counted more than or equal to the first statistical threshold obtains the second statistical value, when the second statistical value is greater than or equal to the second statistical threshold, then judge that drilling tool remains static, otherwise, judge that drilling tool is in running order.Therefore, the present invention has the advantage that (1) can be accurately judged to drilling tool state；(2) judgment method is simple, without occupying the more calculating time, the scene limited suitable for down-hole treatment ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling tool condition detection method and devices, belong to technical field of geophysical exploration, specifically relate to
And a kind of drilling tool condition detection method and device for VSP during drilling measurement.
Background technique
Signal of the seismic wave of surface energy source generation after stratum transmission, reflection is measured and recorded, to obtain VSP during drilling
Data, by measurement result when walking, the analysis such as polarity, phase, amplitude, obtain drill bit earth layer in front interface depth,
Layer section and rock properties etc., investigative range is up to hundreds of meters before drill bit.Compared with surface seismic, due to VSP during drilling number
It is obtained according in shaft bottom, seismic propagation path is relatively short, and high frequency signal attenuation is less, therefore, has signal-to-noise ratio height, differentiates
The advantages such as rate is high and kinematics, dynamic characteristic are obvious.Compared with normal cable VSP, VSP during drilling is connect in drillng operation
Single period measures, and does not interfere drillng operation, occupancy rig time is few, and construction risk is small, and drilling cost is low.In addition, with
Upgoing wave and down going wave can be received simultaneously by boring VSP, can be used to estimate deconvolution operator for surface seismic data；Multi -components are with brill
VSP can also record longitudinal wave and shear wave simultaneously, realize multi-wave multicomponent exploration.
The key technology of VSP during drilling measuring tool is the precise measurement seismic wave outward journey time, however the severe ring in underground
High precision clock is obtained in border, be limit VSP during drilling measuring tool can practical application key factor, usually require that work
Timing cumulative errors in underground are less than 1ms after 200 hours, this is for conventional crystal oscillator, it is difficult to meet precise measurement seismic wave
The needs of hourage.Downhole sensor device will bear strong vibration, impact in drilling process, need to design special installation knot
Structure can meet with the requirement for boring instrument.The seismic wave of epicenter excitation is after earth-attenuation reaches shaft bottom, on VSP measuring tool
The coupling effect of sensor and the borehole wall to signal detection by decisive influence,
VSP during drilling measurement was carried out in the interim that makes up a joint, and slush pump stops working, and drilling tool remain stationary state, this
When, surface energy source just can guarantee measurement result accurate and effective to underground earthquake-wave-exciting, underground VSP tool.Due in VSP tool
The main control singlechip mathematical operational ability of selection is poor, carries out relative complex calculating to judge that state needs to occupy compared with multimachine
When, it will affect the reliability of whole system work, thus, how quickly to judge that the state of sensor is a difficulty of VSP measurement
Topic.
To sum up, how to ensure the coupling effect of VSP seismic wave sensors and the borehole wall, sensor shock-damping structure and height
Precision downhole clock, drilling tool state-detection be that VSP during drilling technology needs the main bugbear that overcomes.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mainly solves the strong vibration of downhole sensor receiving, impact in drilling process present in the prior art
It is deteriorated the technical issues of causing VSP measurement accuracy to be lower in turn and provides with the coupling effect of the borehole wall afterwards and is a kind of for brill
The drilling tool condition detection method and device of VSP measurement.This method and installation method can be accurately judged to drilling tool state, and only exist
When drilling tool remains static, just sensor is released from VSP tool body, to prevent sensor in drilling tool drilling process
It is damaged due to shaking by force and impacting, and improves accuracy of measurement.
Further object of the present invention is to solve down-hole equipment state judging method complexity present in the prior art, needs to account for
With compared with the multimachine time, and it is easy the problem of influencing system stability, provides a kind of drilling tool state for VSP during drilling measurement
Detection method and device.This method and device judgment method are simple, without occupying the more calculating time, can ensure VSP system
The reliability of system work, the scene being limited suitable for down-hole treatment ability.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of drilling tool for VSP during drilling measurement
Condition detection method, comprising the following steps:
The longitudinal acceleration signal of accelerometer detection is carried out bandpass filtering, removes direct current signal by signal filter step
And high-frequency signal；
Acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared by zero passage judgment step with acceleration rate threshold, determines the value
Whether zero passage；And drilling tool working condition is determined according to judging result.
Optimization, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement, the zero passage judgment step tool
Body includes following sub-step:
Zero passage count sub-step in, by after bandpass filtering acceleration measurement and forward and reverse acceleration rate threshold ± Δ g into
Row compare, determine the value whether zero passage；Acceleration value zero passage number in the statistics predetermined time obtains the first statistical value；
State judges in sub-step, repeats zero passage statistic procedure several times, and the first statistical value of statistics is greater than or equal to default
The number of the first statistical threshold obtain the second statistical value, when the second statistical value is greater than or equal to the second statistical threshold, then
Judge that drilling tool remains static, otherwise, judges that drilling tool is in running order.
Optimization, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement, the zero passage counts sub-step
In:
If judging in the judgement of last time zero passage, acceleration value from positive value to negative value direction zero passage, when this zero passage judges, is incited somebody to action
Acceleration measurement is compared with positive acceleration threshold value+Δ g, it is determined whether from negative value on the occasion of direction zero passage；
If last time zero passage judgement in judge acceleration value from negative value to positive value direction zero passage, this acceleration measurement and
Backward acceleration threshold value-Δ g is compared, it is determined whether from positive value to negative value direction zero passage.
Optimize, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement, first statistical threshold is
30, second statistical threshold is 2, and first statistical value is the acceleration value zero passage number counted in 15 seconds.
Optimization, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement, forward and reverse acceleration threshold
Value is ± 40mg.
Optimization, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement, the zero passage judgment step
In: when following formula are set up, judge that drilling tool is in running order:
AxRMS-Ath > 0 or AyRMS-Ath > 0；
Wherein, AxRMS is X axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, and Ath is the acceleration ratio that is artificially arranged compared with threshold value；AyRMS
For Y axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value.
Optimization, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement,
AxRMS is calculated based on following formula:
AyRMS is calculated based on following formula:
Wherein, Axi is X axis vibration sensors A D sampled value after high-pass filtering, and Ayi is Y axis vibration sensing after high-pass filtering
Device AD sampled value, N are average time.
Optimization, a kind of above-mentioned drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement,
AxRMS is calculated based on following formula:
AyRMS is calculated based on following formula:
Wherein, AxiHighFor the most-significant byte of X axis vibration sensors A D sampled value after high-pass filtering, AyiHIGHAfter high-pass filtering
The most-significant byte of Y axis vibration sensors A D sampled value, N is average time.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of brill for VSP during drilling measurement is provided
Have condition checkout gear, comprise the following modules:
The longitudinal acceleration signal of accelerometer detection is carried out bandpass filtering, removes direct current signal by signal filter module
And high-frequency signal；
Acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared by zero passage judgment module with acceleration rate threshold, determines the value
Whether zero passage；And drilling tool working condition is determined according to judging result.
Therefore, the present invention has the advantage that (1) can be accurately judged to drilling tool state, and only it is in quiet in drilling tool
Only when state, just sensor is released from VSP tool body, to prevent sensor in drilling tool drilling process because of strong vibration and punching
It hits and damages, and improve accuracy of measurement；(2) judgment method is simple, without occupying the more calculating time, can ensure
The reliability of VSP system work, the scene being limited suitable for down-hole treatment ability.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is VSP during drilling measuring principle schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 2 is VSP during drilling measurement procedure schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 3 is VSP during drilling measuring tool schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 4 is the seismic signal waveform diagram of four component VSP measurement；
Attached drawing 5 is VSP during drilling measurement sensor installation equipment schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 6 is drill string vibration state waveform diagram；
Attached drawing 7 is backup mechanism controls schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 8 is data carriers structural schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 9 is the Digital Signals electrical block diagram of data carriers；
Attached drawing 10 is data carriers work flow diagram；
Attached drawing 11 is synchronizing device connection schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 12 is clock synchronization apparatus serial data output schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 13 is clock synchronization apparatus schematic illustration；
Attached drawing 14 is underground signal measurement and data storage principle block diagram；
Attached drawing 15 is data high-speed playback interface schematic diagram；
16 data high-speed playback program flow chart of attached drawing；
17 data high-speed playback program state diagram of attached drawing.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described.
In figure, the borehole wall 101, data carriers 102, VSP measuring tool 103, the first bed boundary 104, the second ground stratum boundary
Face 105, focus 106, terrestrial clock synchronizing device 107, direct wave 108, the first back wave 109, the second back wave 110, VSP coupling
Zygonema circle 301, signal transmission circuit 302, the first hydrophone 303, data communication mouth 304, precision interval clock component 305, underground master
Control circuit 306, Z axis wave detector 307, X-axis wave detector 308, battery sleeve 309, the second hydrophone 310, seat mechanism for card 311, signal
Receive circuit 312, data storage circuitry 313, signal acquisition circuit 314, Y-axis wave detector 315, measuring probe 501, sealing structure
502, retaining ring 503, wave detector 504, signal wire 505, sensor fixing body 506, fuel tank 701, solenoid valve 702, push action cylinder
703, backup block 704, overflow valve 705, check valve 706, oil pump 707, brushless motor 708, VSP measuring tool ontology 801, mud
Channel 802, the side VSP coupling coil 803 carry side guiding surface 804, the side VSP guiding surface 805, floating drum 806, control storage
Circuit 807, carrying device coupling coil 808, magnet 809, Hall sensor 810, rod-like body 811, butt cavity 812.
Embodiment:
1, system structure
As shown in Figure 1, four components VSP during drilling measuring system proposed by the present invention is mainly by surface energy source, VSP underground survey
The composition such as tool, data carriers, terrestrial clock synchronizing device and data processing system.Wherein underground VSP measuring tool by
Be distributed in X, Y, Z axis to three detector arrays, two hydrophones, circuitry for signal measurement, Data acquisition and storage circuit, letter
It number receives and the composition such as transmit circuit, system power supply observation circuit, data high-speed download interface and battery sleeve.Underground VSP is surveyed
Amount system is as shown in Figure 3.
Underground VSP measuring tool is the important core part of entire measuring system, effect be under production wells receivedly
Seismic wave signal simultaneously automatically extracts preliminary wave time (check shot time), seismic waveform data is stored in memory to pull out of hole
After be further analyzed processing.Whether VSP during drilling data effectively depend on the precise synchronization of downhole measurement tools and ground installation,
For this purpose, the benchmark that underground survey system selects High Precision Crystal Oscillator source to record as the time, terrestrial clock is then using GPS clock as ginseng
Clock source is examined, every the terrestrial clock of check and correction in 1 second, so that the accuracy of measurement result be effectively ensured.In order to obtain in time
To underground survey data, data carriers are pressed into shaft bottom using pump pressure in drilling process, carry out data friendship with VSP measuring tool
Mutually, the preliminary wave time for quickly reading measurement data and the extraction of each shot point, time and depth transfer relationship can be obtained using the data,
For time-domain seismic profile to be transformed into Depth Domain, and bit location can be marked on seismic profile, being drilling engineer
Decision-making foundation is provided.Since underground VSP measuring tool works in the interim that makes up a joint, when down-hole equipment remains static,
Surface energy source is blown out to stratum earthquake-wave-exciting, and three axial wave detectors measure the longitudinal wave and shear wave of earthquake simultaneously, is convenient for
Quantitative analysis is done to data processing later.And two received seismic signals of hydrophone are non-directional, it is current for calculating
Seismic velocity and direct wave and transmitted wave do wave field separation.
In VSP during drilling measuring system, focus is placed near the well head of ground, usually apart from well head about 50m or so.Focus
Usually controlled source, it is a kind of focus of continuous frequency sweep vibration, and frequency range is about 10~100Hz, its advantage is that anti-dry
It is strong, reproducible to disturb ability.As shown in figure 3, surface energy source generates scanning signal az, signal az is surveyed by surface geophone simultaneously
It measures and records.The detector array that underground is installed on VSP during drilling measuring tool measures the preliminary wave that focus is transmitted by stratum
Signal bz generates signal az to areal receiver-array to signal bz from focus, and the time experienced is tz1.Source signal az downwards after
It resumes and is multicast to bed boundary and can generate reflection wave signal cz and dz.Reflection wave signal cz and dz is arrived by well geophone array received
That used is tz2 and tz3 when walking.Since wave signal bz and reflection wave signal cz and dz are detected by same detector array
Be recorded, signal bz, cz be overlapped mutually with dz together with can not distinguish.Therefore, it is necessary to by focus scanning signal az and letter
Number bz, cz and dz carry out computing cross-correlation and handle to obtain signal fz.Signal fz is obtained and time tz1, tz2 and tz3 in the time domain
Relevant three characteristic signals respectively correspond preliminary wave signal az, reflection wave signal bz and cz.
VSP during drilling tool operation process is as shown in Fig. 2, be described in detail below:
Before brill: the synchronous terrestrial clock of downhole tool, and the running parameter of downhole instrument is set.In brill: 1. underground signal is adopted
Collector usually in a dormant state, once automatically detecting drillng operation stopping, then opens underground sampling configuration, detects detection
Device received signal.2. if drilling tool remains static, mud circulation pause then excites surface energy source.To avoid downhole instrument
Device is activated by drilling tool noise, to be analyzed the feature of seismic wave projectile energy, and determination is after effectively blowing out information, will be under
The acquired data storage of one big gun, and first break picking wave time.3. once automatically detect drillng operation and start, then by preliminary wave when
Between and Wave data be stored in memory, wait data carriers read, later on underground suspend mode.4. ground system
Using preliminary wave time timely erection rate model and time and depth transfer relationship, and drill bit is positioned on surface seismic section,
To provide foundation to formulate informed drilling decisions.After brill: the whole audience waveform acquisition data in downhole memory are exported after trip-out, after
Phase does VSP data processing.
2, sensor fixing structure
Compared with cable VSP, wave detector used in VSP during drilling measuring system and hydrophone will be resistant to underground judder
With impact, mounting structure is more special.
Three geophones are respectively arranged in different location on VSP tool body, mutually in X, Y, Z axis to orthogonal pass
System.In view of wave detector will be recovered to ontology from ontology outwardly against to the borehole wall in measurement after being measured, therefore by three
Wave detector is separately mounted in three backup block internal cavities.Since the wave detector used is velocity profile analog detector, knot
Structure includes cylindrical type permanent magnet, upper and lower two magnetic boots, coil and coil brace, the spring leaf to play a supportive role to coil etc., whole
A wave detector is a single-degree-of-freedom coasting body.There are two groups of coils mutually rewound on coil brace, external magnetic field is on coil
The noise of generation is cancelled out each other.The magnetic boots at magnet steel both ends ensure that field homogeneity is distributed, and enhance magnetic field strength.Work as epicenter excitation
When seismic wave, wave detector shell generates movement and coil is made to produce relative motion in magnetic field, and coil cutting magnetic line generates
Induced electromotive force, the size of voltage depend on the speed of movement.With X to the mounting structure of wave detector for example, such as Fig. 5 institute
Show, sensor installation device is by measuring probe 501, sealing structure 502, retaining ring 503, wave detector 504, signal wire 505, sensing
A few part compositions such as device fixing body 506.Wherein, sensor installation device installs the distance rod with hydraulic thrust oil cylinder on the body
Connection, two sealed structures effectively prevent mud to immerse, and wave detector is fixed on backup block internal cavity by retaining ring, locking
Ring is fixed with backup block using multiple screws, and the output signal line of wave detector is connected to measuring circuit by high pressure sealing contact pin.
Respectively there are a hydrophone cabin in VSP tool body top and bottom, are mounted with the first hydrophone 303 and second respectively
Hydrophone 310, the two L separated by a distance, for measuring current interval velocity, information needed for obtaining time and depth transfer, because of it
The seismic wave signal around VSP tool is received, i.e., the fluctuation of pressure field in annular space mud, Policy Result is a scalar value, after being
Phase carries out wave field separation and provides necessary data.Hydrophone is used to measure the pressure oscillation that seismic wave generates in annular space mud,
Due to one scalar of the pressure oscillation, no matter seismic wave sensitive can be fluctuated from which direction hydrophone to mud pressure, therefore
Without pushing against the borehole wall, the seismic wave signal that the coupling of annular space mud comes can be measured, after hydrophone is installed to cabin, using lid
Plate is sealed, and is connected firmly between cover board and ontology using multiple screws, and devise a circular hole on cover board and introduce mud
To hydrophone sensitive area, for receive by annular space mud propagate into come seismic signal.
3, drilling tool state-detection
VSP during drilling measurement was carried out in the interim that makes up a joint, and slush pump stops working, and drilling tool remain stationary state, this
When, surface energy source just can guarantee measurement result accurate and effective to underground earthquake-wave-exciting, underground VSP tool.For this purpose, underground controls
Two axis accelerometers are mounted in circuit, for the vibrational state of real-time monitoring drilling tool, the drill string vibration signal of measurement passes through band
After bandpass filter, the DC component and high-frequency information that signal includes are removed, only low frequency multidate information in reservation, thus control circuit
Automatically it detects drilling tool state, judges whether underground starts acquisition storage.Due to the main control singlechip mathematics selected in VSP tool
Operational capability is poor, when carrying out relative complex calculating needs occupancy compared with multimachine, will affect the reliability of whole system work, therefore
As far as possible using better simply algorithm (for example multiplication and division all use and multiply or except the method for 2N is realized).
Onboard accelerometer can the sensitive quasi-periodic vibration for arriving drilling tool longitudinal direction, and slush pump, turntable brill or they
Quasi-periodic vibration frequency caused by compound action is not less than 1Hz.Implementation method is as follows:
(1) longitudinal acceleration signal first by accelerometer detection carries out bandpass filtering, removes direct current signal and high frequency letter
Number；
(2) acceleration value after bandpass filtering is compared with threshold value ± Δ g (± 40mg), determine the value whether mistake
Zero；1. known acceleration value from positive value to negative value direction zero passage, then subsequent acceleration measurement is compared with+Δ g, determination
Whether from negative value on the occasion of direction zero passage；2. when known acceleration value is from negative value to positive value direction zero passage, then subsequent acceleration
Measured value is compared with-Δ g, it is determined whether from positive value to negative value direction zero passage；
(3) at the appointed time in (15 seconds) statistics acceleration value zero passage numbers；
(4) if statistical value >=30, that is, think that there are a quasi-periodic vibrations, otherwise it is assumed that generating without quasi-periodic vibration；
(5) in continuous 3 statistics, if number >=2 of " statistical value >=30 ", VSP tool is allowed to be acquired storage, it is no
VSP tool is then forbidden to be acquired storage.
(6) threshold value selects.By the way that comparative analysis is repeated to limited shaft bottom axial acceleration storing data, threshold is simulated
Value is determined as ± 40mg substantially.According to
Wherein, Acc is the acceleration value (g) calculated, and T1 is high-pulse widths related with acceleration magnitude, T2=
12064 be the pulse period unrelated with acceleration magnitude, and Δ T=2T1-T2 is underground single chip computer measurement and calculated centre
Variable.It can be obtained from above
When it is ± 40mg that analog threshold, which is arranged, can obtain digital threshold is ≈ ± 38 Δ T.
Embodiment 1:
The working condition STPUMP of the automatic setting slush pump of difference by being respectively compared AxRMS and AyRMS and Ath.
AxRMS-Ath > 0 or AyRMS-Ath > 0
Then STPUMP=1 (turn on pump)；Otherwise STPUMP=0 (closing pump).
Wherein, AxRMS is X axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, i.e.,
AyRMS is Y axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, i.e.,
Ath is the comparison threshold value (needing to obtain by test) being artificially arranged, and Axi is X-axis (channel 0) vibration after high-pass filtering
Dynamic sensors A D sampled value (two bytes have symbol integer), Ayi adopt for Y-axis (channel 1) vibrating sensor AD after high-pass filtering
Sample value (two bytes have symbol integer).N is average time (being tentatively set as 256), need to be opened up and be deposited according to filtering channel number and N
Memory space (2 × 256 words).
Embodiment 2:
Because Axi (or Ayi) is that two bytes have symbol integer, and the result of Axi ÷ 256 (or Ayi ÷ 256) is actually
It is the high byte (being denoted as AxiHGH and AyiHGH respectively) for taking Axi (or Ayi), needs the memory space opened up that can reduce one in this way
Half (2 × 256 bytes).
AxRMS is X axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, i.e.,
AyRMS is Y axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, i.e.,
The decaying of the vibration damping and high-pass filter of circuit board leads to AxiHGH and AyiHGH is often 0 (i.e. dynamic acceleration value
Always it is less than 1g), judging automatically may fail at this time, need by being verified.To the drilling tool state-detection
Method has carried out verification experimental verification, and actual result is as shown in fig. 6, wherein surface mud pump work frequency is about 1.5Hz, the mud of calculating
Stock pump working frequency frequency (before removal burst pulse) is 1.67Hz, the slush pump working frequency frequency of calculating (after removal burst pulse)
For 1.67Hz, it is seen that testing result can be as effective criterion of down-hole equipment state.
4, backup mechanism
Whether the coupling effect between wave detector and the borehole wall effectively has vital influence to seismic wave measurement data.
When drillng operation suspends (making up a joint), electric circuit in well detects that drilling tool remains static, and control circuit starts brushless motor,
The high pressure oil for driving oil pump rotation to generate, enters push action cylinder, to push drive rod that will carry wave detector after check valve
The backup of backup block is stopped working after motor operation certain time interval T to the borehole wall, since the high pressure oil in push action cylinder is without releasing back
Road, backup mechanism are in state of pressure keeping.VSP tool in underground just starts to acquire seismic signal and stores measurement data at this time, etc.
To after the completion of acquisition storage, issues control command and allow electromagnetism valve events, high pressure oil is quickly released to fuel tank, backup block is in spring
Effect is lower to be withdrawn rapidly, this signal measurement is terminated.
As shown in fig. 7, sensor backup mechanism by fuel tank 701, solenoid valve 702, push action cylinder 703, backup block 704, overflow
Flow a few part compositions such as valve 705, check valve 706, oil pump 707, brushless motor 708, wherein fuel tank 701 is bladder-type cell.Below
Control principle is described in detail: oil pump 707 generates high pressure oil under the driving of motor 708, and output to the connection of check valve 706 pushes away
Power cylinder 703, it is contemplated that it is likely encountered biggish reaction force during backup, causes oil cylinder to build the pressure and damages hydraulic system,
In an indirect overflow valve 705 for 703 entrance of oil cylinder and fuel tank 701, effective protection hydraulic system safety.Solenoid valve 702
Effect is to provide a quick current by pass after measurement for push action cylinder, it is ensured that thrust block pad can smoothly be withdrawn.It is brushless
Motor 708 is controlled using soft starting mode, and adjusting accelerator is first even acceleration, is reached after setting speed with constant speed
Operation, it is high reliablity that benefit, which is that electric motor starting rush of current is smaller,.
5, data carriers
Current more advanced mud-pulse transmission rate also can only achieve 3~5bps, other such as intelligent drilling rod transmission technology,
Although transmission rate reaches as high as 100kbps, the reliability in heavy duty service is lower, higher cost, and whole system is multiple
It is miscellaneous huge, it is not suitable for real-time Transmission VSP during drilling all-wave field data.Since the all-wave data of VSP during drilling systematic survey are temporarily protected
Be stored in downhole memory, can not be uploaded in real time, can only until pull out of hole after be exported again, largely limit with
The characteristics of boring VSP system real-time measurement.In addition, terrestrial clock is mutually indepedent with downhole clock, the two is respective after synchronous averaging
Timing influences since downhole clock receives high temperature, the long-time stability of downhole clock is caused to be dropped compared with terrestrial clock
It is low, and high-precision underground clock is the key that entire VSP during drilling system, usually require that after 200 hours underground VSP tool with
Timing error between terrestrial clock is less than 1ms, thus use data carriers by under the temporal information of ground precise synchronization
VSP tool is reached, can effectively eliminate the timing error of downhole clock generation, to improve borehole seismic wave measurement precision.
In order to obtain required underground VSP data in time, the invention proposes a kind of novel data timesharing carryings
Device.There are two major functions for it, first is that underground VSP data are read in timesharing, second is that accurate temporal information is carried, for proofreading
The error that underground VSP clock generates.As shown in figure 8, the data carriers are cylindrical-shaped structure, mainly by VSP measuring tool sheet
Body 801, the side VSP coupling coil 803, carries side guiding surface 804, the side VSP guiding surface 805, floating drum at slurry channel 802
806, storage circuit 807 is controlled, carrying device coupling coil 808, it is magnet 809, Hall sensor 810, rod-like body 811, right
Connect a few part compositions such as chamber 812.Wherein the control of data carriers and storage circuit are as shown in figure 9, mainly by digital signal control
Device processed, signal transmitter unit, signal modulation unit, transmitting coil, signal receiving unit, receiving coil, signal demodulation unit, suddenly
You form detecting signal unit, memory cell and low-tension supply.Coupling coil is wound on magnetic core, in order to improve signal coupling
It closes effect and message transmission rate magnetic core selects high-permeability material, the high-speed data that may be implemented between VSP tool is wireless
Transmission.In view of mud immerses, coil surface is equipped with protection sleeve.In order to guarantee data transmission bauds and reliability, two
Gap between coupling coil controls within 1mm.Control is mounted on data carriers body interior with storage circuit, using electricity
Pond group is as power supply.Whether data carriers real-time detection hall signal is high level, to control whether to carry out data interaction.
Data carriers work under holotype, control data transfer direction, and VSP tool work is in slave pattern.With data carriers
There is identical inclined-plane guide frame on the VSP tool body of docking, and permanent magnet be installed in the position of Hall sensor face,
The purpose is to after data carriers dock successfully with VSP tool, under the magnetic fields of permanent magnet, data carriers can be examined
A high level signal is measured, as whether successful status signal is docked, when which is only high level, data are handed over
Mutually just carry out.If mated condition signal is lower in data transmission procedure, then this reading data is saved as a result, wait state
Signal continues to read data when being high, realizes data breakpoint and resumes, to ensure that the reliability of each data interaction.Due to
Seat card on VSP tool uses inclined-plane guide-localization, therefore devises 6 deflector holes in tool upper end, and it is logical that mud has been effectively ensured
There are enough water conservancy diversion cross sections in road, ensures that data carriers can be docked reliably with VSP tool under mud pressure effect.
The specific workflow of data carriers is as shown in Figure 10.Now the data carriers working principle is done following detailed
Illustrate: when needing to obtain underground VSP data, the work of log-on data carrier synchronizes clock synchronization with terrestrial clock, and be arranged
Good berth parameter, investment drilling tool central ports are pressed into shaft bottom under surface mud pump function, due to VSP tool and number
According to there is guiding surface in carrier, therefore carrier can be automatically positioned VSP tool seat card, the permanent magnetism on VSP tool body
Under the magnetic fields that body generates, the Hall sensor on data carriers exports a high level signal, control and storage circuit
Once detecting the level as height, indicate that data carriers dock successfully with VSP tool, begins through respective coupling coil and carry out
Data interaction, if it is low that control, which detects the level with storage circuit, then it represents that docking failure is not communicated with VSP tool.Number
After successfully docking according to carrier, precise time this moment is sent to VSP tool by data carriers, is existed to eliminate VSP clock
Under the hot environment of underground when its is long stability it is poor due to the timing error that generates, reading data are according to pre-set each time
Data length and baud rate carry out, and after the completion of pending data is read, data carriers then stop reading, and the data received are carried out
Storage.When ground, slush pump stops working, and data carriers are by automatic emersion to well head, then are taken instrument shelter, downloads institute
The data of reading.
6, clock synchronization apparatus
VSP during drilling measuring system is made of downhole data acquisition unit and ground auxiliary signal acquisition unit two parts, and two
The clock synchronization accuracy of a unit requires very high (< 1ms), and ground synchronous device uses GPS as reference clock source, timing
Precision is up to 1us grades.Ground synchronous device is on the one hand synchronous with underground survey unit progress clock, on the other hand then real-time
Record focus blows out the moment, to obtain the corresponding underground survey data of each big gun.It is swept in addition, needing to acquire for controlled source
Signal waveform is retouched, data correlation process is used for.Usually require that ground synchronous device and Seismic Source System time synchronisation precision are very high,
Up to tens us grades.
As shown in figure 11, controlled source synchronous control system includes two parts, i.e. coding unit and decoding unit, normally
Face synchronizing device and focus coding unit are located at instrument shelter, and decoding unit is then blown out a little in well site, therebetween using wired
Or wireless mode connection.Ground GPS synchronizing device and energy source controller are that 4 line systems are connect, and wherein start pulse signal is and GND
One group, scanning signal and GND are one group, and every group of signal is a pair of of twisted pair, and length about 2m or so, two groups of signal wires are naked
Line needs voluntarily mating connector.Focus trigger signal is the positive pulse of 2~5V of amplitude, meets Transistor-Transistor Logic level specification, is driven
Ability is up to 20mA.Scanning signal frequency is 6~125Hz, and signal amplitude is 0~12V, reaches maximum value after 0.5s, later
For constant amplitude sinusoid swept-frequency signal.Scanning signal is continuous signal, and the every triggering of focus once then issues a string of frequency sweep waves, commonly uses frequency
Rate range about 8~96Hz, sweep time about 8~20s, it is selected according to specific geological conditions.Ground synchronous device is with GPS clock
Surface energy source is recorded in real time and blows out the moment, 0.01ms is accurate to, adopts with underground survey system precise synchronization timing as reference
Collection storage scanning signal waveform is rear cross correlation process, sampling interval 1ms, data length 24Bits.
GPS satellite can provide accurate UTC (the universal time coordinated) time in the world to be believed
Breath.The UTC time information that satellite is received using GPS time service module passes through digital signal processor in its interface and synchronizing device
Communication serial port be connected, and received GPS time information is reached into digital signal processor, then by software to received
UTC time information is handled, to correct the precise time of synchronizing device.As shown in figure 13, ground GPS synchronizing device is main
It include: digital signal processor, GPS time service module, nonvolatile memory cell, LCD MODULE, lock-out pulse output, triggering
Detecting signal unit, key detection unit, communication interface and power circuit etc..The device leads to using GPS time service module as core
It crosses serial ports and gets accurate absolute time information (Year/Month/Day/when/point/second) from GPS time service module, and every 1s
(PPS) clocking value is calibrated, the accuracy of timekeeping of ground synchronous device has been effectively ensured.
In order to guarantee underground and ground timing precise synchronization, after downhole instrument power on configuration good parameter, ground synchronous dress
It sets at whole moment second, issues synchronous enabling signal to downhole instrument, make its start-up operation；After instrument pulls out of hole, ground installation is again
Secondary at whole moment second, sending synchronizes end signal to downhole instrument, it is made to stop working.By the time of recorded downhole in terms of ground
When for reference, timing error can be obtained, data processing stage is eliminated.After VSP instrument enters well, make at drilling tool when making up a joint
In stationary state, surface energy source starts excitation and blows out, while energy source controller generates trigger signal, and GPS synchronizing device is remembered in real time
Trigger signal pulse rising edge time is recorded, for accurately finding the corresponding underground survey data of the big gun seismic signal, and will
The triggering moment of record is saved according to sequence is blown out into the file for having time identifier.For the spy of controlled source frequency sweep excitation
Point, synchronizing device need to acquire storage scanning signal waveform, are used for later data relevant treatment, determined according to field geology conditions
After scanning signal parameter, moment (rising edge) acquisition scans signal is generated in trigger signal, and stored at time identifier
Digital waveform file.The file of GPS synchronizing device record is uploaded to computer by RS-485 bus, carries out at data for the later period
Reason and analysis decision provide necessary data.
7, signal acquisition and data store
As shown in figure 11, signal acquisition circuit control 24,5 channel in underground ADC proposed by the present invention is to X, Y, Z axis detection
Device signal and two hydrophone signals carry out real-time measurement, and its collection result is stored in serial sram chip array and is carried out
Caching.24 ADC of high-precision are TI company high reliability product ADS1278HT in circuit, and highest sample rate is reachable
10~100HZ swept-frequency signal acquisition that 144KSPS, 70KHZ bandwidth are sufficient for the generation of surface controllable focus requires, when it works
In high resolution model, signal-to-noise ratio can reach 111db.After wave detector and hydrophone detect seismic signal, pass through respectively
It crosses preposition conditioning circuit to be amplified, carries out analog-to-digital conversion requirement to meet ADS1278HT.Preamplifier uses low function
Consumption, rail-to-rail, programme-controlled gain differential amplifier THS4521.Digital signal controller is using Microchip company
DsPIC33FJ128MC710A, in synchronous acquisition mode, is read as main control chip control ADS1278HT work by SPI port
The data of conversion are acquired, and the data are written in sram chip array by spi bus and are cached.Sram chip array is adopted
It is cascaded with 8 1Mbit high temperature sram chips, memory capacity meets and automatically extracts and reality to seismic wave first arrival time up to 128KB
When data processing needed for buffer memory capacity requirement.
As shown in figure 14, data storage circuitry is for storing the earthquake that downhole sensor (wave detector and hydrophone) detects
Signal waveform carries out data readback in well site after trip-out, to do further VSP data process&analysis.Since seismic wave is believed
Number sampling interval be 1ms, data length 24Bit, 5 channels acquire primary data volume be 15 bytes, therefore, with brill
VSP measuring system downhole data memory capacity needs to reach 2GB or more.Main control chip dsPIC33FJ128MC710A is used for depositing
Storage chip array is written and read control, and reception sent by signal acquisition circuit main control chip it is data cached.Storage array
After the instructions such as erasing, read/write address setting are sent to main control chip by RS485 bus by ground-based computer, then by master control core
Piece controls corresponding NORFLASH storage chip.Data storage circuitry is by carrying out memory chip battle array with a piece of high temperature CPLD chip
Column management, the chip are programmed it using VERILOG language, 5 32 output control functions of input are realized, for 32 height
Warm NORFLASH storage chip carries out piece choosing management.Main control chip is responsible for cooperateing with CPLD and NORFLASH chip by spi bus
The SPI Read-write Catrol to every a piece of NORFLASH chip is completed in work.Storage chip array uses the 64MB high of magnesium light company
Warm NORFLASH storage chip, whole memory cell are made of 32 64MB storage chip cascades, and total memory capacity is up to 2GB.
VSP during drilling measuring system requires every channel signal acquisition to meet the sampling interval for 1ms, and data length is the requirement of 24Bit.According to
The acquisition of 5 channels calculates, and 2GB memory capacity can meet the storage needed for continuous work 200 hours of four component VSP during drilling measuring tools
Space.
8, data high-speed plays back
When VSP during drilling measuring system field application, it is desirable that the data of quick-downloading downhole tool storage after trip-out, in time into
Scanning frequency degree Modifying model and data processing, by bit location mark on seismic profile, for drilling engineer provide decision according to
According to.Since the VSP data capacity of underground acquisition is larger, data readback speed is particularly important, conventional with the data for boring instrument
Download interface generallys use RS485 bus, and message transmission rate is relatively low, and the time for obtaining data needs is longer, thus
Influence drillng operation progress.And USB2.0 interface is a kind of new interface technology applied in computer field, has transmission speed
The characteristics of faster, theoretical transmission speed is 12Mbps to degree, supports hot plug and connection multiple equipment, at present all kinds of outer
It is widely used in portion's equipment.In order to improve data speed of download to the maximum extent, the present invention turns SPI interface electricity using USB
Road directly reads memory data by spi bus, and without digital signal controller transfer, realize large capacity VSP number
According to high-speed downloads.
As shown in figure 15, the present invention designs data readback circuit specifically includes that FPGA controller, two panels 512KB
SRAM, USB2.0 controller CY7C68013A, SPI interface, 48MHz crystal oscillator and computer etc..Data readback speed can reach
32MB per second, FPGA controller are used to read the data of mass data storage circuit, and are cached in the SRAM of 512KB, two
Piece SRAM is sent to ground by USB2.0 chip CY7C68013A after a piece of SRAM storage is full and calculates as data FIFO
Machine, and fpga chip then continues to read memory and is cached to other a piece of SRAM memory, after storage is full equally by
USB2.0 chip CY7C68013A is sent to ground-based computer.Two panels SRAM greatly improved with the work of " table tennis " operation mode
Data transmission bauds.
It is described in detail below with reference to specific program circuit of the Figure 16 to data high-speed downloads.It is solid to power on rear FPGA
All internal state variables are arranged in part framework first, then call user's initialization function TD_Init ().After to be returned, firmware
Framework, which will initialize USB interface, becomes the state being not configured, and enabled interruption.At this point, and then being opened in the interior firmware of 1s
Starting weight enumerates (ReNumerate), and starts task distributor, this task distributor will execute following with being sequentially repeated
Work.
1) poll function TD Poll () is called.
2) Standard Device request has been detected whether, if receive SETUP packet.If so, it will parse received life
It enables and requests and responded, if it is transmission data command, FPGA controller will carry out FIFO read-write operation to SRAM.
3) decide whether to report that USB hangs up event.If reporting that USB hangs up event, function TD_Suspend is called,
If successfully returning, wake events are tested.If wake events are not detected, FPGA controller will be put into suspending mode by it
In.When reply event is detected, function TD_Resume () will be called, and jump back to step 1).
The specific program state of data high-speed downloads is described in detail below.FPGA controller reads and writes SRAM's
Program state figure is as shown in figure 17, has respectively corresponded fifo interface data output control and fifo interface data input control.
1) fifo interface data output routine process
IDLE: it reads event and generates, into STATE1；STATE1: enabled SLCS determines from FIFO read address, if FIFO is non-
Sky, guarantee from fifo address at least it is stable there is 25ns after, into STATE2, otherwise rest on STATE1；STATE2: delay
After one clock cycle, SLOE is enabled, on the data Qu Dongdao data/address bus in internal FIFO, into STATE3；STATE3:
It is delayed after a clock cycle, enables WRREQ, the data on data/address bus are written in Ping-pong FIFO, into STATE4；
STATE4: after one clock cycle of delay, enabling SLRD, while SLRD signal will guarantee that settling time and retention time require,
In the data fifo driving to data/address bus by delaying next address when tXFD, into STATE5；STATE5: if still
It has data to read, into STATE2, otherwise enters IDLE.
2) fifo interface data entry program process
IDLE: event generation is write, into STATE1；STATE1: enabled SLCS determines from fifo address, if FIFO is non-full,
Guarantee EZ-USB fifo address at least it is stable there is 25ns after, into STATE2, otherwise rest on STATE1；STATE2: prolong
When one clock cycle after, enable RDREQ, drive in the data to data bus in Ping-pong FIFO, and guarantee the minimum of tSFD
It is required that into STATE3；STATE3: after 2 clock cycle of delay, SLWR is enabled, while guaranteeing the settling time of SLWR signal
It is required with the retention time, in the rising edge of IFCLK, data are written into from FIFO, and the flag bit of FIFO is passing through tXFLG time delay
After be updated, into STATE4；STATE4: if submitting to last group of data from the data of FIFO for Ping-pong FIFO,
Enabled PKTEND, while under conditions of meeting its foundation, retention time, last group of data are submitted in the rising edge of IFCLK,
Into STATE5；STATE5: if still having data to read, into STATE2, otherwise enter IDLE.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method
In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Although the borehole wall 101, data carriers 102, VSP measuring tool 103, the first bed boundary is used more herein
104, the second bed boundary 105, focus 106, terrestrial clock synchronizing device 107, direct wave 108, the first back wave 109, second
Back wave 110, VSP coupling coil 301, signal transmission circuit 302, the first hydrophone 303, data communication mouth 304, precision interval clock
Component 305, underground governor circuit 306, Z axis wave detector 307, X-axis wave detector 308, battery sleeve 309, the second hydrophone 310, seat
Mechanism for card 311, signal receiving circuit 312, data storage circuitry 313, signal acquisition circuit 314, Y-axis wave detector 315, measurement are visited
First 501, sealing structure 502, retaining ring 503, wave detector 504, signal wire 505, sensor fixing body 506, fuel tank 701, electromagnetism
Valve 702, push action cylinder 703, backup block 704, overflow valve 705, check valve 706, oil pump 707, brushless motor 708, VSP measurement
Tool body 801, slurry channel 802, the side VSP coupling coil 803, carry side guiding surface 804, the side VSP guiding surface 805,
Floating drum 806, control storage circuit 807, carrying device coupling coil 808, magnet 809, Hall sensor 810, rod-like body
811, the terms such as butt cavity 812, but it does not exclude the possibility of using other terms.The use of these items is only for more square
Just essence of the invention is described and explained；Being construed as any additional limitation is disagreed with spirit of that invention
Back.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement, which comprises the following steps:
The longitudinal acceleration signal of accelerometer detection is carried out bandpass filtering, removes direct current signal and height by signal filter step
Frequency signal；
Acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared by zero passage judgment step with acceleration rate threshold, and is tied according to judgement
Fruit determines drilling tool working condition；
In the zero passage judgment step: when following formula are set up, judge that drilling tool is in running order:
AxRMS-Ath > 0 or AyRMS-Ath > 0；
Wherein, AxRMS is X axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, and Ath is the acceleration rate threshold being artificially arranged；AyRMS is Y-axis vibration
Dynamic sensor root-mean-square value；
AxRMS is calculated based on following formula:
AyRMS is calculated based on following formula:
Wherein, Axi is X axis vibration sensors A D sampled value after bandpass filtering, and Ayi is Y axis vibration sensors A D after bandpass filtering
Sampled value, N are average time.
2. a kind of drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states zero passage judgment step and specifically includes following sub-step:
Zero passage counts in sub-step, and the acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared with forward and reverse acceleration rate threshold ± Δ g
Compared with, determine the value whether zero passage；The acceleration measurement zero passage number after bandpass filtering in the statistics predetermined time obtains first
Statistical value；
State judges in sub-step, repeats zero passage statistics sub-step several times, the first statistical value of statistics is greater than or equal to preset
The number of first statistical threshold obtains the second statistical value, when the second statistical value is greater than or equal to the second statistical threshold, then sentences
Drillling tool twisting off remains static, and otherwise, judges that drilling tool is in running order.
3. a kind of drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
It states in zero passage statistics sub-step:
If judging the acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering from positive value to negative value direction zero passage, this mistake in the judgement of last time zero passage
Zero when judging, the acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared with positive acceleration threshold value+Δ g, it is determined whether from negative
It is worth to positive value direction zero passage；
If judging the acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering from negative value on the occasion of direction zero passage, this mistake in the judgement of last time zero passage
Zero when judging, the acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared with backward acceleration threshold value-Δ g, it is determined whether from just
It is worth to negative value direction zero passage.
4. a kind of drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
Stating the first statistical threshold is 30, and second statistical threshold is 2, and first statistical value is the band logical filter counted in 15 seconds
Acceleration after wave measures angle value zero passage number.
5. a kind of drilling tool condition detection method for VSP during drilling measurement according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
Stating forward and reverse acceleration rate threshold is ± 40mg.
6. a kind of drilling tool condition checkout gear for VSP during drilling measurement, which is characterized in that comprise the following modules:
The longitudinal acceleration signal of accelerometer detection is carried out bandpass filtering, removes direct current signal and height by signal filter module
Frequency signal；
Acceleration measurement after bandpass filtering is compared by zero passage judgment module with acceleration rate threshold, and is tied according to judgement
Fruit determines drilling tool working condition；
In the zero passage judgment module: when following formula are set up, judge that drilling tool is in running order:
AxRMS-Ath > 0 or AyRMS-Ath > 0；
Wherein, AxRMS is X axis vibration sensor root-mean-square value, and Ath is the acceleration rate threshold being artificially arranged；AyRMS is Y-axis vibration
Dynamic sensor root-mean-square value；
AxRMS is calculated based on following formula:
AyRMS is calculated based on following formula:
Wherein, Axi is X axis vibration sensors A D sampled value after bandpass filtering, and Ayi is Y axis vibration sensors A D after bandpass filtering
Sampled value, N are average time.
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