CN110943554A - A tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
A tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110943554A CN110943554A CN201911023913.4A CN201911023913A CN110943554A CN 110943554 A CN110943554 A CN 110943554A CN 201911023913 A CN201911023913 A CN 201911023913A CN 110943554 A CN110943554 A CN 110943554A
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical group [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the field of magnetic tile forming orientation. The magnetic flux density on the surface of the magnetic ring of the magnetic shoe splicing combination prepared by the method is in good sine wave distribution, and the magnetic shoe splicing combination has a unilateral magnetic gathering effect, improves the air gap magnetic field intensity of a working surface, has high magnetic energy utilization rate, has no performance loss, and can be widely applied to motor design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic tile forming orientation, in particular to a tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The Halbach array structure was proposed in 1979 by Klaus Halbach, an arrangement of permanent magnets that combines radial and tangential arrays, with a number of advantages: 1. the magnetic field on one side of the array is obviously enhanced, and the magnetic field on the other side of the array is obviously weakened; 2. the magnetic flux density of the air gap on one side of the strong magnetic field is approximately distributed in a sine wave manner, and the harmonic content is low.
The tile-shaped magnet is a permanent magnet device with the highest output value in the current permanent magnetic ferrite materials, is widely applied to the fields of household appliances, medical instruments, computer peripheral equipment, automobile industry and the like, and is used as a rotor and a stator of a permanent magnet motor. In a permanent magnet motor, several tile-shaped magnets are adhered to the surface of a casing or a rotor core, and the obtained surface magnetic flux density distribution waveform is usually square wave or saddle wave. The method is closely related to magnetic field orientation forming by exciting a parallel orientation magnetic field or a radiation orientation magnetic field by direct current in the manufacturing process of the traditional magnetic shoe.
The 21 st century is a century that permanent magnet brushless direct current motors are widely popularized and applied, an electronic commutation control mode of the brushless direct current motor is divided into square wave drive and sine wave drive, and the sine wave drive has the advantages of low torque fluctuation, smooth motion, small audible noise and wide speed regulation range, so that the brushless direct current motor has obvious control sine trend and is greatly concerned. Such brushless dc motors require a sinusoidal back emf waveform, which requires a sinusoidal air gap flux density distribution. However, the magnetic field orientation forming mode of the traditional magnetic shoe determines that the air gap magnetic field with the air gap flux density in sine wave distribution is difficult to obtain after the traditional magnetic shoe is assembled, which is a problem worthy of attention and urgent need to be solved.
China specially benefits 2017 and publishes a unequal-thickness ferrite magnetic shoe and a preparation method thereof (patent application number: 201710173106.5). The technology provides the unequal-thickness ferrite magnetic shoe, grinding is carried out on a sintered blank of the equal-thickness ferrite magnetic shoe, shoulders on the left side and the right side of the outer cambered surface of the equal-thickness ferrite magnetic shoe are ground off, and the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the magnetic shoe can be improved, so that the surface of a combined rotor of the equal-thickness ferrite magnetic shoe is close to the distribution of a sine wave. The method has the disadvantages that although the method improves the surface magnetic flux density distribution waveform, the grinding processing difficulty is increased, the grinding amount is increased, and the magnetic shoe manufactured by the method is at the expense of the magnetic flux of the left and right shoulders of the magnetic shoe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and a manufacturing method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a tile type magnet with halbach array structure effect, mainly includes the magnetic shoe, the inside magnetic moment of magnetic shoe is halbach array structure and arranges, and the magnetic shoe is assembled the magnetic ring working face magnetic flux density that makes up and is good sinusoidal distribution from this, passes through the coil and produces orientation magnetic field by DC power supply through magnetic field shaping orientation device.
The magnetic field forming orientation device mainly comprises a magnetic shoe; the magnetic shoe in the magnetic shoe die cavity is provided with an upper punch main magnetic pole, a lower punch is arranged below the upper punch main magnetic pole, an upper punch non-magnetic conducting part is arranged around the upper punch main magnetic pole, a non-magnetic conducting material is arranged around the lower punch, the upper punch main magnetic pole is N-level, magnetic conducting materials are symmetrically arranged around the upper die non-magnetic conducting part and are S poles, the middle of each magnetic conducting material is reserved, and a coil or rare earth permanent magnet material is filled in the reserved part.
The method for manufacturing the tile-shaped magnet with the halbach array structure effect by adopting the device mainly comprises the following steps:
1) preparing powder: taking a proper amount of main raw materials, adding a primary additive, carrying out wet milling and mixing, carrying out primary pre-sintering, carrying out coarse crushing after pre-sintering, adding a secondary additive, and carrying out secondary ball milling to obtain powder to be molded;
2) magnetic field orientation molding: uniformly filling powder to be molded into a magnetic shoe mold cavity of a magnetic field molding orientation device, applying an orientation magnetic field in the magnetic field molding orientation device for molding after mold closing, pressing the powder to a preset pressure under the action of a steady orientation magnetic field, maintaining the pressure, and obtaining a magnetic shoe pressed blank after pressure maintaining is finished;
3) and (3) secondary sintering: carrying out solid-phase sintering treatment on the magnetic shoe pressed compact in a special push plate electric kiln for ferrite, wherein a heating element is a silicon-carbon rod, the sintering temperature is 1190-;
4) grinding: grinding the magnetic shoe sintered blank on a grinding machine to obtain a magnetic shoe with dimensional precision and form and position tolerance meeting requirements;
5) magnetizing: and (3) placing the magnetic shoe in a special magnetizing fixture for saturation magnetizing.
Further, performing magnetic field orientation molding on the powder to be molded in the step 2) by adopting dry molding or wet molding; the orientation magnetic field intensity is 4000-12000 Oe; the preset pressure is 30-80 MPa under dry forming and 50-100 MPa under wet forming; the time of the pressure maintaining process is 1-5 s under dry forming, and 10-100 s under wet forming.
Further, the width W of the upper punch main pole 8 of the magnetic field forming orientation device in the step 2)Pole(s)Width W of magnetic shoe 1TileThe ratio is controlled to be 0.5-0.7, and the magnetic flux density on the surface of the magnetic shoe is ensured to be in good sine wave distribution.
Further, the magnetizing in the step 5) may be performed on a single magnetic shoe, or performed on the magnetic shoe after the magnetic shoe is assembled into a multi-stage magnetic ring.
Preferably, the orientation magnetic field strength in step 2) is 4500-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the magnetic shoe manufactured by the invention has the advantages that the magnetic moments in the magnetic shoe are arranged according to the halbach array structure, the magnetic ring assembled and combined has the unilateral magnetic flux gathering effect, and the air gap magnetic flux density at one side of the working surface is improved by 10-20% compared with that of the traditional magnetic shoe assembled magnetic ring;
2. the magnetic shoe manufactured by the invention has the advantages that the magnetic moments in the magnetic shoe are arranged according to the halbach array structure, the surface magnetic flux density distribution of the combined magnetic ring is in good sine wave distribution, the harmonic component is less, and the magnetic shoe is very suitable for a permanent magnet brushless direct current motor driven by sine waves; the shape of the magnetic shoe does not need to be changed deliberately like the traditional magnetic shoe with different thicknesses, and the performance loss does not exist;
3. the rotor core or the stator casing of the traditional magnetic shoe combined magnetic ring needs to select a magnetic conductive material to form a continuous magnetic circuit, so that the leakage magnetic flux is reduced; because the magnetic circuit structure of the magnetic shoe combined magnetic ring is a Halbach array structure, a continuous magnetic circuit is formed in the magnetic ring, and a rotor core or a stator casing of the magnetic shoe combined magnetic ring can be made of non-magnetic materials, the cost is saved, and the flexible design of a motor is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the magnetization state of a conventional magnetic shoe (parallel orientation or radial orientation).
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional magnetic shoe combination magnetic ring structure (taking 6 magnetic shoes as an example).
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetization state of the magnetic shoe with halbach array structure effect according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic shoe combination magnetic ring structure of the present invention (taking 6 magnetic shoes as an example).
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the magnetic ring of the conventional magnetic shoe combination (taking the combination of 8 magnetic shoes as an example).
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of the magnetic flux density distribution on the surface of the magnetic ring of the magnetic shoe combination of the present invention (taking the combination of 8 magnetic shoes as an example).
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic field forming orientation device (taking an electrically excited orientation magnetic field as an example) according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the magnetic shoe comprises a magnetic shoe 1, a magnetization direction 2, a coil 3, a non-magnetic material 4, a magnetic material 5, a magnetic line direction 6, an upper punch non-magnetic part 7, an upper punch main magnetic pole 8 and a lower punch 9.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
example (b): the utility model provides a tile type magnet with halbach array structure effect, mainly includes the magnetic shoe, the inside magnetic moment of magnetic shoe is halbach array structure and arranges, and the magnetic shoe is assembled the magnetic ring working face magnetic flux density that makes up and is good sinusoidal distribution from this, passes through the coil and produces orientation magnetic field by DC power supply through magnetic field shaping orientation device.
As shown in fig. 7, the magnetic field forming orientation device mainly comprises a magnetic shoe 1; an upper punch main magnetic pole 8 is arranged on a magnetic shoe 1 positioned in a magnetic shoe die cavity, a lower punch 9 is arranged below the magnetic shoe 1, an upper punch non-magnetic conducting part 7 is arranged around the upper punch main magnetic pole 8, a non-magnetic conducting material 4 is arranged around the lower punch, the upper punch main magnetic pole 8 is of an N level, magnetic conducting materials 5 are symmetrically arranged around the upper punch non-magnetic conducting part 7, the magnetic conducting materials are S poles, the middle of the magnetic conducting materials 5 is left empty, the empty part is provided with a coil 3, the coil 3 on the left side is positively charged, and the coil 3 on the right side is negatively charged; under the control of the unique magnetic force line trend 6, the magnetic moments in the magnetic tile 1 are arranged in a halbach array structure.
The method for manufacturing the tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect by adopting the magnetic field forming orientation device for exciting the orientation magnetic field in the electric excitation mode mainly comprises the following steps:
1) preparing powder: taking a proper amount of main raw materials, adding a primary additive, carrying out wet milling and mixing, carrying out primary pre-sintering, carrying out coarse crushing after pre-sintering, adding a secondary additive, and carrying out secondary ball milling to obtain powder to be molded;
2) magnetic field orientation molding: uniformly filling powder to be pressed into a magnetic shoe die cavity of a magnetic field forming orientation device in a natural loose state, opening a direct current power supply after the die cavity is closed, exciting an orientation magnetic field in an electro-magnetic excitation mode, keeping the magnetic field to reach a set pressure, the set pressure is 50MPa, keeping the pressure for 3s, and demoulding after reverse demagnetization to obtain a magnetic shoe green compact;
3) and (3) secondary sintering: putting the magnetic tile green body into a special push plate electric kiln for ferrite to carry out solid-phase reaction, wherein the sintering temperature is 1200-1220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, and naturally cooling to the temperature below 80 ℃ to obtain a magnetic tile sintered body;
4) grinding: grinding the obtained magnetic shoe sintered blank to obtain a magnetic shoe with the size, appearance and form and position tolerance meeting the requirements;
5) magnetizing detection: several magnetic tiles are selected to be combined and pasted to form a magnetic ring, the combined magnetic ring is saturated and magnetized in a special multi-pole magnetic ring magnetizing fixture, a magnetic field distribution measuring instrument is used for measuring the surface magnetic flux density of the outer circular surface (working surface) of the combined magnetic ring, and the surface magnetic flux density distribution waveform is in good sine wave distribution as shown in figure 6.
It should be understood that equivalent substitutions and changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be made by those skilled in the art to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a tile type magnet with halbach array structure effect, characterized in that mainly includes magnetic shoe (1), the inside magnetic moment of magnetic shoe (1) is halbach array structure and arranges, and the magnetic shoe is assembled the magnetic ring working face surface flux density that makes up and is good sinusoidal distribution from this, passes through the magnetic field shaping orientation device and produces the orientation magnetic field by DC power supply through the coil.
2. The tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field forming orientation device mainly comprises a magnetic shoe (1); an upper punch main magnetic pole (8) is arranged on a magnetic shoe (1) positioned in a magnetic shoe die cavity, a lower punch (9) is arranged below the upper punch main magnetic pole, an upper punch non-magnetic conducting part (7) is arranged around the upper punch main magnetic pole (8), a non-magnetic conducting material (4) is arranged around the lower punch, the upper punch main magnetic pole (8) is N-level, magnetic conducting materials (5) are symmetrically arranged around the upper die non-magnetic conducting part (7), the magnetic conducting materials are S poles, the middle of the magnetic conducting materials (5) is left empty, and the left empty part is provided with a coil (3) or filled with rare earth permanent magnetic materials.
3. A manufacturing method of a tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing powder: taking a proper amount of main raw materials, adding a primary additive, carrying out wet milling and mixing, carrying out primary pre-sintering, carrying out coarse crushing after pre-sintering, adding a secondary additive, and carrying out secondary ball milling to obtain powder to be molded;
2) magnetic field orientation molding: uniformly filling powder to be molded into a magnetic shoe mold cavity of a magnetic field molding orientation device, applying an orientation magnetic field in the magnetic field molding orientation device for molding after mold closing, pressing the powder to a preset pressure under the action of a steady orientation magnetic field, maintaining the pressure, and obtaining a magnetic shoe pressed blank after pressure maintaining is finished;
3) and (3) secondary sintering: carrying out solid-phase sintering treatment on the magnetic shoe pressed compact in a special push plate electric kiln for ferrite, wherein a heating element is a silicon-carbon rod, the sintering temperature is 1190-;
4) grinding: grinding the magnetic shoe sintered blank on a grinding machine to obtain a magnetic shoe with dimensional precision and form and position tolerance meeting requirements;
5) magnetizing: and (4) placing the magnetic shoe in a magnetizing clamp for saturation magnetizing.
4. The method for manufacturing a tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing magnetic field orientation molding on the powder to be molded in the step 2) by adopting dry molding or wet molding; the orientation magnetic field intensity is 4000-12000 Oe; the preset pressure is 30-80 MPa under dry forming and 50-100 MPa under wet forming; the time of the pressure maintaining process is 1-5 s under dry forming, and 10-100 s under wet forming.
5. The method for manufacturing a tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 2) the width W of the upper punch main magnetic pole (8) of the magnetic field forming orientation devicePole(s)Width W of magnetic shoe 1TileThe ratio is controlled to be 0.5-0.7, and the magnetic flux density on the surface of the magnetic shoe is ensured to be in good sine wave distribution.
Step 2) the width W of the upper punch main pole (8) of the magnetic field forming orientation devicePole(s)Width W of the magnetic shoe (1)TileThe ratio is controlled to be 0.5-0.7, and the magnetic flux density on the surface of the magnetic shoe is ensured to be in good sine wave distribution.
6. The method for manufacturing the magnetic tile with the halbach array structure effect according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnetizing in the step 5) can be performed on a single magnetic shoe or performed on the magnetic shoe after the magnetic shoes are assembled and combined into a multi-stage magnetic ring.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911023913.4A CN110943554A (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | A tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and its manufacturing method |
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| CN201911023913.4A CN110943554A (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | A tile-shaped magnet with halbach array structure effect and its manufacturing method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112086259A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-15 | 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 | Anisotropic inner circle orientation multi-pole magnetic ring and die and preparation method thereof |
| CN112863797A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-28 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | Non-parallel orientation permanent magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114388251A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-22 | 赣州市东磁稀土有限公司 | Rare earth neodymium iron boron magnetic material and press forming method thereof |
| CN115020062A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-09-06 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Permanent magnet ring assembly with precise magnetic field waveform and preparation method thereof |
| CN119993730A (en) * | 2025-04-14 | 2025-05-13 | 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 | A method for preparing magnetic steel, magnetic steel and loudspeaker |
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| CN112086259A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-15 | 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 | Anisotropic inner circle orientation multi-pole magnetic ring and die and preparation method thereof |
| CN114388251A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-22 | 赣州市东磁稀土有限公司 | Rare earth neodymium iron boron magnetic material and press forming method thereof |
| CN112863797A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-28 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | Non-parallel orientation permanent magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN112863797B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2023-10-03 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | Non-parallel oriented permanent magnet alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115020062A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-09-06 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Permanent magnet ring assembly with precise magnetic field waveform and preparation method thereof |
| CN115020062B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-12-16 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | A permanent magnetic ring assembly with precise magnetic field waveform and its preparation method |
| CN119993730A (en) * | 2025-04-14 | 2025-05-13 | 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 | A method for preparing magnetic steel, magnetic steel and loudspeaker |
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