CN110726435A - Electromagnet state monitoring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电磁铁状态监测方法,包括电源电路、电磁铁、耦合与测量电路、正弦波发生器;所述的电源电路为原设备中为电磁铁提供的工作电源,所述的电磁铁为原设备中的电磁铁,所述的耦合与测量电路通过耦合电路将正弦波信号加载到电磁铁,与此产生的正弦波电流通过测量电路中检测元件生产信号后,由测量电路进行信号处理,所述的正弦波发生器生产正弦波信号,通过耦合与测量电路向电磁铁提供检测信号电流,流过电磁铁线圈电流的大小反比于动铁芯运动腔体体积空间。本发明解决了电磁铁状态监控的技术问题。具有方法简单、实施简便、不影响原电磁铁的机电性能、实时反馈电磁铁运行状态包括是否吸合、弹跳、线圈断路和局部短路等特点。
The invention discloses an electromagnet state monitoring method, comprising a power supply circuit, an electromagnet, a coupling and measurement circuit, and a sine wave generator; the power supply circuit is the working power supply provided for the electromagnet in the original equipment, and the electromagnetic The iron is the electromagnet in the original equipment. The coupling and measuring circuit loads the sine wave signal to the electromagnet through the coupling circuit, and the generated sine wave current passes through the detection element in the measuring circuit to produce the signal, and the measuring circuit carries out the signal. Processing, the sine wave generator produces a sine wave signal, and provides a detection signal current to the electromagnet through the coupling and measurement circuit, and the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnet coil is inversely proportional to the volume space of the moving iron core moving cavity. The invention solves the technical problem of electromagnet state monitoring. It has the characteristics of simple method, simple implementation, no influence on the electromechanical performance of the original electromagnet, and real-time feedback of the electromagnet operating state including whether it is pulled in, bounced, coil open circuit and partial short circuit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电器控制与保护装置技术领域,如低压和高压电器设备中的各种动作电磁铁,家用电器中的电磁铁,交直流起重电磁铁,牵引电磁铁和船用比例电磁铁等,具体涉及电磁铁状态的检测方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical control and protection devices, such as various action electromagnets in low-voltage and high-voltage electrical equipment, electromagnets in household appliances, AC and DC lifting electromagnets, traction electromagnets and marine proportional electromagnets, etc. A detection method involving the state of an electromagnet.
背景技术Background technique
电磁铁作为一种驱动部件而广泛应用于各种控制电器中,功率从毫瓦到千瓦级,工作电压从毫伏及到千伏级,执行速度方面有普通电磁铁和高速电磁铁,有直流供电的和交流供电的,动铁芯运动方向有吸入型和弹出型动作等。电磁铁的动作过程可定义为原始的初始(静止)状态、运动过程状态和运动之后终点位置的保持状态。无论是吸入型的还是弹出型的电磁铁,为电磁铁供电的电源电路或控制回路的最终目的,都是为了使得电磁铁中的动铁芯处在保持状态一段时间。然而,在电磁铁动铁芯在运动到终点位置时,如若电磁力过大,动铁芯碰撞静铁芯端面之后可能“弹跳”一次或几次;如若处在保持状态的电磁力偏小,如某些工作台震动、执行机构的反向冲击力,导致电磁铁动铁芯在反向外力作用下,自身质量加速度的作用导致脱离保持位置甚至回到初始状态,这将导致严重的后果。As a driving component, electromagnets are widely used in various control appliances. The power ranges from milliwatts to kilowatts, and the working voltage ranges from millivolts to kilovolts. In terms of execution speed, there are ordinary electromagnets and high-speed electromagnets, and there are DC electromagnets. Power supply and AC power supply, the moving direction of the moving iron core has suction type and pop-up type action. The action process of the electromagnet can be defined as the original initial (rest) state, the state of the movement process and the state of holding the end position after the movement. Whether it is a suction type or a pop-up type electromagnet, the ultimate purpose of the power supply circuit or control loop for the electromagnet is to keep the moving iron core in the electromagnet in a holding state for a period of time. However, when the moving iron core of the electromagnet moves to the end position, if the electromagnetic force is too large, the moving iron core may "bounce" once or several times after hitting the end face of the static iron core; if the electromagnetic force in the holding state is too small, For example, the vibration of some workbenches and the reverse impact force of the actuator will cause the moving iron core of the electromagnet to leave the holding position or even return to the initial state under the action of the reverse external force, which will lead to serious consequences.
有磁路知识可知,对于吸入型电磁铁,在没有吸合以前,磁路的一部分是空气,空气的导磁率很低,磁阻很大,电磁铁中的线圈电感量较小,吸合之后,动铁芯运动腔体基本或全部被动铁芯充满,整个磁路几乎或全部为铁磁物质所组成,磁阻较小,电磁铁线圈电感量较大。对于弹出型电磁铁,线圈电感量的变化与上述过程相反。由此可见,无论是直流电磁铁或是交流电磁铁,吸入型或弹出型,都遵循线圈电感量与运动腔体体积空间成单调反比的规律。对于一个具体的电磁铁,动铁芯直径和行程(腔体体积),和线圈匝数都是定值,因此,只要测出线圈电感量的大小,即可确定动铁芯的位置。测量线圈电感量的方法很多,如在线圈中施加一高频正弦波电流,高频正弦波电流大小与线圈电感量的大小成反比,那么,高频正弦波电流大小的变化实时反应出动铁芯的活动状态。Knowledge of the magnetic circuit shows that for a suction-type electromagnet, before there is no pull-in, part of the magnetic circuit is air, the air has a very low magnetic permeability and a large magnetic resistance, and the coil inductance in the electromagnet is small. , The moving cavity of the moving iron core is basically or completely filled with the passive iron core, the entire magnetic circuit is almost or entirely composed of ferromagnetic substances, the reluctance is small, and the inductance of the electromagnet coil is large. For pop-up electromagnets, the change in coil inductance is the opposite of the above process. It can be seen that, whether it is a DC electromagnet or an AC electromagnet, the suction type or the pop-up type, all follow the law that the coil inductance is monotonically inversely proportional to the volume space of the moving cavity. For a specific electromagnet, the diameter and stroke (cavity volume) of the moving iron core and the number of turns of the coil are all fixed values. Therefore, as long as the inductance of the coil is measured, the position of the moving iron core can be determined. There are many ways to measure the inductance of the coil. For example, a high-frequency sine wave current is applied to the coil, and the magnitude of the high-frequency sine wave current is inversely proportional to the inductance of the coil. Then, the change of the high-frequency sine wave current reflects the real-time action of the iron core. activity status.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:电磁铁动铁芯在吸合运动过程中是否被卡住,运动到什么位置,是否存在弹跳现象,处在保持状态的动铁芯是否受到外力作用的干扰脱离了终点保持位置,如何检测这些状态,是本发明所要解决的主要问题。The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: whether the moving iron core of the electromagnet is stuck during the pull-in movement, what position does it move to, whether there is a bouncing phenomenon, and whether the moving iron core in the holding state is disturbed and detached by the external force How to detect these states is the main problem to be solved by the present invention.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种电磁铁状态监测方法,包括电源电路、电磁铁、耦合与测量电路、正弦波发生器等组成。所述的电源电路为原设备中为电磁铁提供工作电源,所述的电磁铁为原设备中的电磁铁,所述的耦合与测量电路通过耦合电路将正弦波信号加载到电磁铁,与此产生的正弦波电流通过测量电路中检测元件生产信号后,由测量电路进行信号处理,所述的正弦波发生器生产正弦波信号,通过耦合与测量电路向电磁铁提供检测信号,流过电磁铁线圈电流的大小反比于动铁芯运动腔体体积空间。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: an electromagnet state monitoring method, comprising a power supply circuit, an electromagnet, a coupling and measurement circuit, a sine wave generator and the like. The power supply circuit provides working power for the electromagnet in the original equipment, the electromagnet is the electromagnet in the original equipment, and the coupling and measurement circuit loads the sine wave signal to the electromagnet through the coupling circuit, and this The generated sine wave current passes through the detection element in the measurement circuit to produce a signal, and then the signal is processed by the measurement circuit. The sine wave generator produces a sine wave signal, which provides a detection signal to the electromagnet through the coupling and measurement circuit, and flows through the electromagnet. The size of the coil current is inversely proportional to the volume of the moving iron core moving cavity.
更进一步的,所述的电源电路是原设备中为电磁铁提供的工作电源,包括高低压电源、变频电源、脉冲电源或实验电源,所述的电源电路与所述的电磁铁相连。Further, the power supply circuit is the working power supply provided for the electromagnet in the original equipment, including high and low voltage power supply, variable frequency power supply, pulse power supply or experimental power supply, and the power supply circuit is connected with the electromagnet.
更进一步的,所述的电磁铁为原设备中的电磁铁,包括低压和高压电器设备中的各种动作电磁铁,家用电器中的电磁铁(如冰箱门锁电磁铁),交直流起重电磁铁,牵引电磁铁、船用比例电磁铁和脉冲电磁铁等,包括吸入型的和弹出型的,所述的电磁铁与所述的电源电路相连,与所述的耦合与测量电路相连。Further, the electromagnet is the electromagnet in the original equipment, including various action electromagnets in low-voltage and high-voltage electrical equipment, electromagnets in household appliances (such as refrigerator door lock electromagnets), AC and DC lifting electromagnets. Electromagnets, traction electromagnets, marine proportional electromagnets and pulse electromagnets, etc., including suction type and pop-up type, the electromagnet is connected to the power supply circuit, and the coupling and measurement circuit.
更进一步的,所述的耦合与测量电路与所述的电磁铁相连,与所述的正弦波发生器相连,通过耦合与测量电路传递正弦波信号并检测正弦波信号作用下流过电磁铁电流的大小并作记录分析、阀值判断等相应的处理。Further, the coupling and measuring circuit is connected to the electromagnet, and the sine wave generator is connected to transmit the sine wave signal through the coupling and the measuring circuit and detect the current flowing through the electromagnet under the action of the sine wave signal. The size is recorded and analyzed, and the threshold value is judged and processed accordingly.
更进一步的,所述的正弦波发生器包括模拟电路、数字电路、DDS等电路生产的正弦波信号源。Further, the sine wave generator includes a sine wave signal source produced by analog circuits, digital circuits, DDS and other circuits.
本发明提供的一种直流或交流电磁铁运行状态在线监测的方法,在不破坏原设备工况的前提下,向电磁铁注入相对高频的正弦波信号,依据反馈电流的大小(或,和相位差),判断出电磁铁在吸合过程中是否被卡住、是否存在弹跳现象,是否受到外力作用下导致动铁芯脱离了终点保持位置的时间和距离;在电磁铁机电参数不变的情况下,通过本方法,检测电磁铁供电电源或控制电源的合理性;为电磁铁供电电源或控制电源与电磁铁互为优化设计提供参考。本发明的有益效果是,提供一种交直流电磁铁动工作状态检测方法,可在线或离线快速判断铁芯在吸合运动过程中是否被卡住,是否存在弹跳现象,处在保持状态的动铁芯是否受到外力作用的干扰脱离了终点保持位置等工作状况,方法易于理解,实现成本低廉,工作可靠。A method for online monitoring of the operating state of a DC or AC electromagnet provided by the present invention injects a relatively high-frequency sine wave signal into the electromagnet under the premise of not destroying the working condition of the original equipment. Poor), to determine whether the electromagnet is stuck during the pull-in process, whether there is a bouncing phenomenon, and whether it is under the action of external force that causes the moving iron core to leave the end point holding position and distance; when the electromechanical parameters of the electromagnet remain unchanged Under the present method, the rationality of the electromagnet power supply or control power supply is detected, and a reference is provided for the mutual optimization design of the electromagnet power supply or control power supply and the electromagnet. The beneficial effect of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the dynamic working state of an AC/DC electromagnet, which can quickly determine whether the iron core is stuck during the pull-in movement process, whether there is a bouncing phenomenon, and whether the moving iron is in a holding state. Whether the core is disturbed by the external force and leaves the working conditions such as the end point holding position, the method is easy to understand, the realization cost is low, and the work is reliable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是电磁铁状态检测电路原理图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnet state detection circuit;
图2是一种测量电路的实施方式;Figure 2 is an embodiment of a measurement circuit;
图3是另一种测量电路的实施方式;FIG. 3 is an embodiment of another measurement circuit;
图4是一种量电路的实施方式。Figure 4 is an embodiment of a quantum circuit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图,仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构,因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, and only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the structures related to the present invention.
本发明中,在直流电磁铁工作场合,向电磁铁注入微弱正弦波信号的频率可以较低,如 1KHz或10KHz;在交流电磁铁工作场合,向电磁铁注入微弱正弦波信号的频率可以较高,如10KHz或20KHz,或其他某一特定的频率。正弦波信号频率的高低取决于对电磁铁状态实时检测性能的要求指标,如时间轴为1ms,可采用1KHz频率,如时间轴为1us,可采用1MHz频率等。In the present invention, in the working situation of the DC electromagnet, the frequency of injecting the weak sine wave signal into the electromagnet can be lower, such as 1KHz or 10KHz; in the working situation of the AC electromagnet, the frequency of injecting the weak sine wave signal into the electromagnet can be higher, such as 10KHz or 20KHz, or some other specific frequency. The frequency of the sine wave signal depends on the requirements for the real-time detection performance of the electromagnet state. For example, if the time axis is 1ms, the frequency of 1KHz can be used;
本发明中,正弦波信号通过一电容器耦合到电磁铁的一端,电磁铁的另一端耦合出正弦波信号电流并由一电阻器转换为电压信号。正弦波信号回路电流与电磁铁自身的工作电流无关,是一种最简的耦合方式且不影响电磁铁原本的任何动作特性。In the present invention, the sine wave signal is coupled to one end of the electromagnet through a capacitor, and the other end of the electromagnet is coupled to the sine wave signal current and converted into a voltage signal by a resistor. The sine wave signal loop current has nothing to do with the working current of the electromagnet itself, which is the simplest coupling method and does not affect any original operating characteristics of the electromagnet.
本发明中,测量电路可以是基本选频式的测量电路,直接测量流过电磁铁正弦波电路的小大,即可反应电磁铁的工作状态,可以是由包括放大器、鉴相器、MCU在内等复杂测量电路,综合反应电磁铁的工作状态参数、记录并提供反馈控制输出。In the present invention, the measurement circuit can be a basic frequency-selective measurement circuit, which can directly measure the size of the sine wave circuit flowing through the electromagnet to reflect the working state of the electromagnet. Internal and other complex measurement circuits, comprehensively reflect the working state parameters of the electromagnet, record and provide feedback control output.
本方法,既可以作为一种附加设备,使用二根导线与电磁铁二端相连后,检测电磁铁在线的工作状态,又可以是一套电磁铁工作状态专用测试装置,检测电磁铁自身和电磁铁电源配伍的合理性,检测电磁铁保持力与受外部冲击力的对比试验。This method can be used as an additional device to detect the online working state of the electromagnet after using two wires to connect with the two ends of the electromagnet, or it can be a set of special testing devices for the working state of the electromagnet to detect the electromagnet itself and the electromagnet. The rationality of the compatibility of the iron power supply, the comparison test of the holding force of the electromagnet and the external impact force.
本方法可事先测出电磁铁不同行程、不同工作温度等情况下对应线圈的电感量值,作为样本储存在MCU中,在实时检测过程中,通过与样本对比,实现快速测量。This method can measure the inductance value of the corresponding coil of the electromagnet under different strokes and different working temperatures in advance, and store it in the MCU as a sample.
一种电磁铁状态监测方法,包括电源电路、电磁铁、耦合与测量电路、正弦波发生器等组成。An electromagnet state monitoring method comprises a power supply circuit, an electromagnet, a coupling and measuring circuit, a sine wave generator and the like.
结合下面的附图1,说明一种电磁铁状态监测方法主要部分的实施方式。In conjunction with FIG. 1 below, an embodiment of the main part of an electromagnet state monitoring method is described.
附图1中,由正弦波信号发生器生产一定频率的正弦波信号,经耦合与测量电流中的耦合回路,正弦波信号流经电磁铁线圈,在耦合与测量电路中的取样电阻上产生电压信号,电压信号之大小,反比与电磁铁行程的长短,耦合与测量电路中的测量处理电路处理此电压信号,得出电磁铁中动铁芯所在位置或状态。In accompanying drawing 1, the sine wave signal of a certain frequency is produced by the sine wave signal generator, through the coupling loop in the coupling and measurement current, the sine wave signal flows through the electromagnet coil, and generates voltage on the sampling resistance in the coupling and measurement circuit Signal, the magnitude of the voltage signal is inversely proportional to the length of the electromagnet stroke. The measurement processing circuit in the coupling and measurement circuit processes the voltage signal to obtain the position or state of the moving iron core in the electromagnet.
附图2和附图3说明一种电磁铁状态监测方法进一步的实施方式。正弦波信号发生器生产的正弦波信号,经耦合电容器C耦合到电磁铁线圈,流出电流在电阻器R上产生电压降信号,回路电流定义为iD,设VSB为虚地端,R上的电压信号VSA=iD×R,此电流与原电磁铁工作电流或驱动电流ID无关。测量电路中,由放大器放大VSA信号,供A/D转换器转变为实时数字信号,MCU对实时数字信号做线性化校正、温度补偿等处理之后,与MCU内部事先储存的数字信号(如动铁芯行程长度与电感量值对照表)比较之后得出动铁芯所在位置,电感量数值,铁芯所在位置等可在设置与显示单元显示,设置功能可定义控制命令的阀值,如动铁芯吸合时间、可能被可卡住的时间、弹跳距离等,一旦超出了设置范围,通过输出控制单元发出相关的控制命令或报警信号灯。Figures 2 and 3 illustrate further embodiments of a method for monitoring the state of an electromagnet. The sine wave signal produced by the sine wave signal generator is coupled to the electromagnet coil through the coupling capacitor C, and the outflow current produces a voltage drop signal on the resistor R. The loop current is defined as i D , and V SB is the virtual ground terminal, and the R The voltage signal V SA = i D × R, this current has nothing to do with the original electromagnet working current or driving current ID . In the measurement circuit, the amplifier amplifies the V SA signal, which is converted into a real-time digital signal by the A/D converter. After the MCU performs linearization correction and temperature compensation on the real-time digital signal, it is combined with the digital signal stored in the MCU in advance (such as dynamic signal). After comparing the iron core stroke length and inductance value comparison table), the position of the moving iron core can be obtained. The inductance value and the position of the iron core can be displayed in the setting and display unit. The setting function can define the threshold value of the control command, such as the moving iron Once the wicking time, the time it may be stuck, the jumping distance, etc., exceed the set range, the output control unit will send out the relevant control commands or alarm signal lights.
附图4作为另一种测量电路的实施方式。VSA被放大之后,一路经A/D转换器输入到MCU,另一路输入到鉴相器,鉴相器的鉴相信号VSC来自于正弦波信号发生器,鉴相输出信号连接到MCU,MCU同时判断流经电磁铁线圈电流的大小和由电磁铁线圈电抗所产生的相位差,获得更加详细的动铁芯运动数据,做综合处理后显示处理和控制输出。FIG. 4 is an embodiment of another measurement circuit. After V SA is amplified, one channel is input to the MCU through the A/D converter, and the other channel is input to the phase detector. The phase detection signal V SC of the phase detector comes from the sine wave signal generator, and the phase detection output signal is connected to the MCU. At the same time, the MCU judges the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnet coil and the phase difference generated by the reactance of the electromagnet coil, and obtains more detailed moving iron core motion data.
综上所述,本发明解决了电磁铁状态监控的技术问题。具有方法简单、实施简便、不影响原电磁铁的机电性能、实时反馈电磁铁运行状态包括是否吸合、弹跳、线圈断路和局部短路等特点。To sum up, the present invention solves the technical problem of electromagnet state monitoring. It has the characteristics of simple method, simple implementation, no influence on the electromechanical performance of the original electromagnet, and real-time feedback of the electromagnet operating state including whether it is pulled in, bounced, coil open circuit and partial short circuit.
以上述依据本发明的思想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。Taking the above embodiments according to the idea of the present invention as inspiration, and through the above description, relevant workers can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111880089A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-03 | 深圳市宗泰电机有限公司 | Electromagnet action state testing method and device |
CN113406420A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 江阴市懿泓电气有限公司 | Electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device |
WO2022143450A1 (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 苏州艾利特机器人有限公司 | Industrial robot, brake, and state monitoring method |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111880089A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-03 | 深圳市宗泰电机有限公司 | Electromagnet action state testing method and device |
CN111880089B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2023-05-30 | 深圳市宗泰电机有限公司 | Electromagnet action state testing method and device |
WO2022143450A1 (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 苏州艾利特机器人有限公司 | Industrial robot, brake, and state monitoring method |
CN113406420A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 江阴市懿泓电气有限公司 | Electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device |
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