CN103616550A - Giant magnetoresistance current sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明巨磁阻电流传感器，涉及用于测量电流的装置，由电磁转换模块、信号放大模块和反馈补偿模块三部分组成，其中，电磁转换模块包括聚磁环磁芯、原边绕组和巨磁电阻芯片，信号放大模块包括运算放大器和推挽功率放大器，反馈补偿模块为反馈绕组；其整个测量回路构成闭环系统，巨磁电阻芯片与聚磁环磁芯构成一个封闭的结构，克服了现有技术的巨磁电阻电流传感器在测量时极易被杂散外磁场干扰、无法完全消除温漂与零漂、磁性器件存在固有的磁滞现象影响测量精度的缺陷。
The giant magnetoresistive current sensor of the present invention relates to a device for measuring current, which consists of three parts: an electromagnetic conversion module, a signal amplification module and a feedback compensation module, wherein the electromagnetic conversion module includes a magnetic core of a magnetic ring, a primary winding and a giant magnetic The resistance chip, the signal amplification module includes an operational amplifier and a push-pull power amplifier, and the feedback compensation module is a feedback winding. The giant magnetoresistive current sensor with advanced technology is easily disturbed by stray external magnetic fields during measurement, temperature drift and zero drift cannot be completely eliminated, and magnetic devices have inherent hysteresis phenomena that affect measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
Technical scheme of the present invention relates to for measuring the device of electric current, specifically giant magnetoresistance current sensor.
Background technology
Along with the development of Power Electronic Technique, the application of high precision, broadband current sensor is more and more extensive.Last decade incoming current sensor has been obtained larger development.According to the difference of measuring principle, current sensor is divided into based on Ohm law, the law of electromagnetic induction, Hall effect, Luo-coil and fluxgate several substantially; According to the difference of the method for using, current sensor can be divided into contact and contactless two types.Because non-contact current sensor carries out current measurement, can guarantee staff's personal safety and the stable operation of system, range of application is more extensive.Non-contact current sensor is generally the measurement based on magnetic field.Existing Measurement Method for Magnetic Field has fluxmeter, Fluxgate Technique and magneto-dependent sensor.Magneto-dependent sensor, owing to having advantages of that integrated level is high, volume is little and simple in structure, is subject to increasing attention.Current magneto-dependent sensor mainly contains Hall element and giant magnetoresistance element.Wherein, Hall current sensor can detect the electric current of several kiloamperes, and accuracy rating is between 0.5% to 2%, but Hall element sensitivity is low, and temperature is floated with drift serious, aspect high-acruracy survey, is restricted.Existing giant magnetoresistance sensor is mainly used in the fields such as magnetic encoder, electronic compass, disk read-write magnetic head and electromagnetic nondestructive.Compare with Hall element, giant magnetoresistance sensor has advantages of Low Drift Temperature and low drift, and highly sensitive, in high-precision current context of detection, has unrivaled advantage.
Reported in the world the structure of several giant magnetoresistance current sensors, Z.Qian etc., in order to solve the problem of the isolation of the application of electromagnetic electric current mutual inductor in electric system, have proposed a kind of current sensor based on giant magnetoresistance effect.The people such as Istv á n Jedlicska eliminate magnetic hysteresis by Numerical method to be affected, output characteristics linearization degree is improved, increased the measuring accuracy of giant magneto-resistance sensor, designed sensor is guaranteeing that under the prerequisite that precision does not reduce, measurement range almost approaches saturation point.In order to reach the object of the current detecting based on a magnetic field, Erik R.Olson and Robert D.Lorenz are studied the dynamic perfromance of current－carrying conductor surrounding magnetic field, proposed a kind of spatial coherence module, i.e. 5% steady bandwidth criterion, for optimizing magnetic field detectors position.Meanwhile, Erik R.Olson and Robert D.Lorenz two people's application realize tested current signal are extracted and separated to unknown Perturbation signal based on an integrated current sensors of magnetic field giant magnetoresistance detector array.Yet when only magnetic field being measured with giant magnetoresistance element, there is following problem: giant magnetoresistance element is very responsive to magnetic field in prior art, is very easily disturbed by spuious external magnetic field during measurement; Cannot eliminate that temperature is floated and drift completely; There is intrinsic hysteresis in magnetic device, affects measuring accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: giant magnetoresistance current sensor is provided, its whole measuring circuit forms closed-loop system, giant magnetoresistance chip and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core form the structure of a sealing, and the giant magnetoresistance current sensor that has overcome prior art is very easily disturbed, cannot eliminate completely temperature by spuious external magnetic field and floats with drift, magnetic device and exist intrinsic hysteresis to affect the defect of measuring accuracy when measuring.
The present invention solves this technical problem adopted technical scheme: giant magnetoresistance current sensor, by electromagnetic conversion module, signal amplification module and feedback compensation module three parts, formed, wherein, electromagnetic conversion module comprises magnetism gathering rings magnetic core, former limit winding and giant magnetoresistance chip, signal amplification module comprises operational amplifier and push-pull amplifier, and feedback compensation module is feedback winding, former limit winding is through magnetism gathering rings magnetic core, feedback winding is evenly on magnetism gathering rings magnetic core, feedback winding one end is connected with push-pull amplifier, the feedback winding other end connects a sampling resistor, giant magnetoresistance chip and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core and feedback winding form the measuring sonde of closed-loop system formula, after assemble in the magnetic field that magnetism gathering rings magnetic core produces primary current, act on giant magnetoresistance chip, giant magnetoresistance chip is after the effect of experiencing magnetic field, to have voltage signal output, the voltage signal of this output is sent into operational amplifier, operational amplifier is connected with push-pull amplifier, after the voltage signal process operational amplifier of above-mentioned output and push-pull amplifier amplify, be added on sampling resistor, form feedback current, this feedback current produces feedback magnetic field through feedback winding, electromagnetic conversion module thus, signal amplification module and feedback compensation module three parts form measuring circuit closed-loop system.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, the constituent material of described magnetism gathering rings magnetic core is permalloy material, its resistivity is 0.56 μ Ω m, Curie point is 400 ℃, saturation induction density is Bs=0.7T, coercivity H under saturation induction density is not more than 1.6A/m, and the magnetic permeability that DC magnetic performance meets in 0.08A/m magnetic field intensity is not less than 37.5mH/m; Magnetism gathering rings magnetic core is annular magnetic roller, the internal diameter of this magnet ring be 20mm, external diameter be 25mm, high for 7mm, gas length be 5mm, xsect for long for 7mm and wide be the rectangle of 5mm.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, described giant magnetoresistance chip is GMR chip, adopts the VA110F3 of east Wei Ci Science and Technology Ltd.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, the number of turn of described former limit winding is 1 circle.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, the number of turn of described feedback winding is 120 circles.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, described sampling resistor is 20 ohm.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, the model of described operational amplifier is INA118, the model of push-pull amplifier is L165.
Above-mentioned giant magnetoresistance current sensor, related parts and starting material all obtain by known approach, and the method for assembling is that those skilled in the art can grasp.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with prior art, outstanding substantive distinguishing features of the present invention is:
(1) principle of the work of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention and flow process are: the primary current in the winding of former limit is after assemble through magnetism gathering rings magnetic core in the magnetic field that produces of tested electric current, act on giant magnetoresistance chip, this giant magnetoresistance chip is after the effect of experiencing magnetic field, to have voltage signal output, after the voltage signal process operational amplifier of this output and power amplifier amplify, be added on sampling resistor, form feedback current, this feedback current produces feedback magnetic field through feedback winding, when the equal and opposite in direction in the magnetic field that feedback magnetic field and former limit winding produce, feedback current no longer reduces, just reached the duty of zero magnetic flux, primary current now and the relation of feedback current be: N
1i
p=N
2i
c.Accurately record thus the current value of tested electric current.
(2) when the equal and opposite in direction in the magnetic field that feedback magnetic field and former limit winding produce, just reached as mentioned above, the duty of zero magnetic flux.Because any variation of tested electric current all can destroy this balance that closed-loop system reaches, once and magnetic field out of trim, giant magnetoresistance chip just has voltage signal output, this signal is after amplifying, have immediately corresponding feedback current be offset current flow through feedback winding unbalance magnetic field is compensated, to reach new balance.Because the required time of above-mentioned equilibrium process is less than 1 μ s, therefore determined the response speed faster that has of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention.
(3) giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention has adopted closed-loop system, the magnetic field output terminal that primary current is produced produces output voltage in giant magnetoresistance chip, after amplifying, be added on sampling resistor, form feedback current, feedback current produces feedback magnetic field, offset tested external magnetic field, magnetism gathering rings magnetic core is operated near zero magnetic field, so just formed the closed-loop system of the current sensor based on giant magnetoresistance.Zero magnetic field is much smaller with respect to external magnetic field in open loop magnetic core, and this has just been reduced by the impact of measuring magnetic field to external world, is conducive to the raising of the giant magnetoresistance current sensor linearity, and has effectively suppressed that temperature is floated and zero drift phenomenon.
Compared with prior art, marked improvement of the present invention is:
(1) giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention only has for ± 7 ‰ ultralow nonlinearity errons, and low-down temperature is floated and drift, and the input signal noise when detecting direct current or exchanging is effectively suppressed.
(2) closed-loop system that magnetism gathering rings magnetic core enough becomes with feedback winding has overcome giant magnetoresistance chip unintentional nonlinearity degree and temperature is floated phenomenon, has avoided the extra compensating module of measuring system.
(3) giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention combines the closed loop of giant magnetoresistance chip, magnetism gathering rings magnetic core and zero magnetic flux, can measure DC current and low-frequency ac electric current, can also measure high-frequency ac current.
(4) giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention has reduced the error causing due to the intrinsic hysteresis of magnetic device.The introducing of magnetism gathering rings magnetic core has improved the sensitivity of sensor, can record other low current signal of mA level, has improved the ability that sensor is measured high precision weak current.
(5) giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention has response speed faster.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the composition frame chart of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention.
The waveform of primary current and the oscillogram of offset current when Fig. 3 is the 100kHz of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention and 500kHz.
Fig. 4 is the Bode diagram that the small-signal analysis of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention obtains.
Fig. 5 is the 0-8A scope direct current measurement result curve figure of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the relative error curve map of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the 0-13A scope direct current measurement result curve figure of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the influence curve figure of the hysteresis of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention to sensor.
Embodiment
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 showing, former limit winding Wp is through magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C, feedback winding Wc is on magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C, feedback winding Wc one end is connected with push-pull amplifier, the feedback winding Wc other end connects a sampling resistor Rm, giant magnetoresistance chip GMR and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C and feedback winding Wc form the measuring sonde of closed-loop system formula, after assemble in the magnetic field that magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C produces primary current Ip, act on giant magnetoresistance chip GMR, giant magnetoresistance chip GMR is after the effect of experiencing magnetic field, to have voltage signal output, the voltage signal of this output is sent into operational amplifier, operational amplifier is connected with push-pull amplifier, after the voltage signal process operational amplifier of above-mentioned output and push-pull amplifier amplify, be added on sampling resistor Rm, form feedback current Ic, this feedback current Ic produces feedback magnetic field through feedback winding Wc, form thus the structure of the giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present embodiment with measuring circuit closed-loop system.Because the magnetic field that feedback winding Wc produces is contrary with the magnetic direction that primary current Ip produces, thereby weakened magnetic field, former limit, giant magnetoresistance chip GMR output is reduced gradually, feedback current Ic is corresponding reducing also, when the equal and opposite in direction of the magnetic field of former limit winding Wp and feedback winding Wc generation, feedback current Ic no longer reduces, and reaches zero magnetic flux state.The size in magnetic field and the output of testing circuit have good linear relationship, therefore can reflect according to the output signal of testing circuit the size of current in wire.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 showing, giant magnetoresistance current sensor is comprised of electromagnetic conversion module, signal amplification module and feedback compensation module three parts, by electromagnetic conversion module output voltage signal, the voltage signal of this output is sent into signal amplification module, through entering feedback compensation module after amplifying, form feedback current, produce feedback magnetic field.Electromagnetic conversion module, signal amplification module and feedback compensation module three parts form measuring circuit closed-loop system thus.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 3 has set up realistic model to whole measuring circuit closed-loop system, and in model, compensating umber of turn is 10, and tested current amplitude is 20A.When frequency is 100kHz and 500kHz, primary current and the offset current waveform under two kinds of frequencies is respectively if Fig. 3 (a) is with as shown in 3 (b).Can find out, when frequency is 100kHz, the output of current sensor is undistorted, and when 500kHz, waveform is out of shape a little.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 4 carries out to current sensor the Bode diagram that small-signal analysis obtains, and as known in the figure, the bandwidth of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention is higher, can reach MHz.
The giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present embodiment, by electromagnetic conversion module, signal amplification module and feedback compensation module three parts form, wherein, the number of turn is that the former limit winding Wp of 1 circle passes magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C, the number of turn is that the feedback winding Wc of 120 circles is on magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C, the push-pull amplifier that feedback winding Wc one end is L165 with model is connected, the feedback winding Wc other end connects a resistance R m of sampling, giant magnetoresistance chip GMR and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C and feedback winding Wc form the measuring sonde of closed-loop system formula, after assemble in the magnetic field that magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C produces primary current Ip, act on giant magnetoresistance chip GMR, giant magnetoresistance chip GMR is after the effect of experiencing magnetic field, to have voltage signal output, the voltage signal of this output is sent into the operational amplifier that model is INA118, model is that the push-pull amplifier that the operational amplifier of INA118 is L165 with model is connected, the voltage signal of above-mentioned output is after the operational amplifier of INA118 and push-pull amplifier that model is L165 amplify through model, be added on the resistance R m of 20 ohm of samplings, form feedback current Ic, this feedback current Ic produces feedback magnetic field through feedback winding Wc, form thus the structure of the giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present embodiment with measuring circuit closed-loop system.Because the magnetic field that feedback winding Wc produces is contrary with the magnetic direction that primary current Ip produces, thereby weakened magnetic field, former limit, giant magnetoresistance chip GMR output is reduced gradually, feedback current Ic is corresponding reducing also, when the equal and opposite in direction of the magnetic field of former limit winding Wp and feedback winding Wc generation, feedback current Ic no longer reduces, and reaches zero magnetic flux state.The size in magnetic field and the output of testing circuit have good linear relationship, therefore can reflect according to the output signal of testing circuit the size of current in wire.
The constituent material of above-mentioned magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C is permalloy material, its resistivity is 0.56 μ Ω m, Curie point is 400 ℃, saturation induction density is Bs=0.7T, coercivity H under saturation induction density is not more than 1.6A/m, and the magnetic permeability that DC magnetic performance meets in 0.08A/m magnetic field intensity is not less than 37.5mH/m; Magnetism gathering rings magnetic core is annular magnetic roller, the internal diameter of this magnet ring be 20mm, external diameter be 25mm, high for 7mm, gas length be 5mm, xsect for long for 7mm and wide be the rectangle of 5mm; Giant magnetoresistance chip is GMR chip, adopts the VA110F3 of east Wei Ci Science and Technology Ltd..
Comparative example 1
Except measuring sonde is only giant magnetoresistance chip GMR, do not have outside feedback compensation module, other are with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Except measuring sonde is only that giant magnetoresistance chip GMR and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C form, do not have outside feedback compensation module, other are with embodiment 1.
(1) when measured current I p scope is from 0 to 8A time, respectively the current sensor of above embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and 2 three kinds of structures of comparative example is measured, the input-output characteristic curve that experiment obtains as shown in Figure 5, as can be seen here, when only having giant magnetoresistance chip GMR as measuring sonde, it is low that electric current passes the sensitivity of sensor, poor linearity, and measuring accuracy is lower; When forming measuring sonde by giant magnetoresistance chip GMR and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C, be open cycle system, the sensitivity of current sensor improves, but easily saturated, and measurement range is narrower, and the linearity is poor; When consist of the measuring sonde of closed-loop system formula giant magnetoresistance chip GMR and magnetism gathering rings magnetic core C and feedback winding Wc, the sensitivity of current sensor improves, and measurement range is identical with giant magnetoresistance chip GMR, and the linearity is better.
(2) by the theoretical value of output voltage, deduct actual value, just the relative error in the time of can obtaining this current sensor measurement scope and be 0A～8A divided by actual value again, as shown in the relative error curve map of giant magnetoresistance current sensor as of the present invention in Fig. 6, at 0A in the range of 8A, relative error is limited in ± 7 ‰ in.
(3) in order to analyze the impact of hysteresis on current sensor, respectively the current sensor of embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and 2 three kinds of structures of comparative example is studied.First tested electric current is increased to 13A from 0, measures respectively the output of the current sensor of three kinds of structures, then electric current is down to 0A from 13A, again measures the output of the current sensor of three kinds of structures, and input-output characteristic curve as shown in Figure 7.The output error of the current sensor of three kinds of structures as shown in Figure 8.As seen from the figure, the closed-loop system of giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention can reduce the error being caused by hysteresis, has guaranteed measuring accuracy and the linearity of sensor.
Above-mentioned comparative illustration, giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention has ± 7 ‰ ultralow nonlinearity erron, the closed-loop system that magnetism gathering rings magnetic core enough becomes with feedback winding has overcome giant magnetoresistance chip unintentional nonlinearity degree and temperature is floated phenomenon, avoid the extra compensating module of measuring system, and reduced the error causing due to the intrinsic hysteresis of magnetic device.The introducing of magnetism gathering rings magnetic core has improved the sensitivity of current sensor, can record other low current signal of mA level, has improved the ability that current sensor is measured high precision weak current.The result of small-signal analysis has shown that giant magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention has very high bandwidth, and the frequency range of measurement can reach MHz.
Parts and starting material related in above-described embodiment all obtain by known approach, and the method for assembling is that those skilled in the art can grasp.
Claims (7)
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