CN110679426A - Planting method for improving jasmine containing sesame oil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for improving sesame oil content of jasmine, which comprises the steps of seedling raising, land preparation, base fertilizer application, transplanting and field management, and comprises the key steps of dipping the base parts of jasmine branches for 5-10s by using an indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.04-0.9%, cutting according to the row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 25cm, applying 1000kg of biological nutrient fertilizer 800-.

Description

Planting method for improving jasmine containing sesame oil

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method for improving the sesame oil content of jasmine flowers.

Background technique

Jasmine is a general term for evergreen shrubs or vines of the genus Frangipani in the Oleaceae family. The evergreen and small shrubs of jasmine have green leaves, white flowers, strong fragrance, fragrant, and long-lasting. They are common garden and potted ornamental aromatic flowers, embellished The room is elegant and pleasant, and it can also be processed into decorations such as garlands. Jasmine is the national flower of the Philippines, Tunisia, and Indonesia, and the city flower of Fuzhou, China, symbolizing love and friendship. Jasmine is native to Jiangnan and western China, India and Arabia, and is now widely planted in subtropical regions, mainly in the south of the Yangtze River in China, Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, etc. Currently, Spain, France, It is cultivated in Mediterranean countries such as Italy, India and Southeast Asian countries.

Jasmine has a certain medicinal value. Its flowers, leaves and roots can be used medicinally. Generally, the roots are dug in autumn, sliced and sun-dried for later use, and the flowers are picked in summer and autumn and sun-dried for later use. effect.

Jasmine has good health and beauty effects, can be used for diet, and can be used in the production of jasmine tea. Jasmine flower is very fragrant. It is a famous raw material for scented tea and an important fragrance raw material. Jasmine flower can be used to make tea. According to the unique adsorption properties of tea and the fragrance characteristics of jasmine flower, the jasmine flower tea is processed through a series of technological processes. It not only maintains the strong and refreshing natural tea flavor of green tea, but also is full of the fresh fragrance of jasmine. Jasmine tea has the ability to eliminate cold pathogens, and assistant Yu is the top tea for spring drinking. Tea contains a lot of compounds that are beneficial to human health, such as catechins and vitamin C. , vitamin A, caffeine, flavanols, tea polyphenols, etc., and jasmine tea also contains a lot of aromatic oil, geraniol, nerol, syringyl ester and other more than 20 kinds of compounds.

The fragrance of jasmine is overflowing, and jasmine oil can be extracted, which is the raw material for making fragrances. Jasmine oil is very valuable, equivalent to the price of gold. Jasmine can also be steamed to extract juice, which can replace rose dew. Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinhua and other places in the south of the Yangtze River have long been produced as smoked tea spices.

Jasmine flowers are generally not fruity (rarely fruitful) after flowering, and only asexual reproduction can be used in production. There are several methods such as cuttings, layering, and divisions. Jasmine has strong regeneration ability. The cutting method is used to raise seedlings, which has fast rooting and high seedling rate. It can maintain the inherent characteristics of excellent varieties, and can completely retain all the advantages of the mother plant, so that the progeny will not be mixed, and the excellent traits of the variety will not occur. Changes can also be used to raise seedlings, which can complete rapid reproduction, accelerate the breeding of fine jasmine varieties, and make good varieties quickly popularized to meet the large-scale demand of the market.

In addition to being directly used to smoke scented tea, jasmine can also be used to extract extracts and essential oils for use in the fragrance industry. It is one of the main raw materials for advanced daily cosmetic essences and high-quality soap essences, especially important raw materials for the preparation of advanced perfume essences. But the traditional planting method of jasmine sesame oil yield is not high, can not meet the market demand.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a planting method for improving the sesame oil content of jasmine flowers. The jasmine flower sesame oil planted by the method has high content, low production cost and short growth cycle, which is favorable for large-scale popularization and planting.

The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:

A planting method for improving jasmine sesame oil, comprising seedling raising, soil preparation, basal fertilizer application, transplanting and field management, and its main steps are as follows:

(1) Raising seedlings: Quickly dip the base of jasmine branches with a solution of indole acetic acid with a concentration of 0.04-0.9% for 5-10s, insert the jasmine branches into the seedling bed according to the row spacing of 20cm×25cm and the cutting angle of 25-30°, and place them at a temperature of 25-30°. Planting for 3-5 months under the conditions of 20-25°C and relative humidity of 55-65% to obtain jasmine seedlings for use;

(2) Land preparation: Before planting, the ground machine should be tilled and harrowed finely, with a row spacing of 35 to 40 cm and a trench depth of 15 to 25 cm. For low-lying land, a soil border with a width of 70 to 80 cm and a height of not less than 30 cm should be dug for drainage ditches at both ends of the plot. To avoid water accumulation and rotten roots;

(3) Apply base fertilizer: Then apply 800-1000kg of biological nutrient fertilizer, 300-500kg of rapeseed meal fertilizer, 150-300kg of leaf rot, 20-30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-20kg of potassium fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and mix the base fertilizer with the soil. Evenly, and then raked to level and finely make the box, the width of the box is 80-100cm, the height of the box is 25-30cm, the width of the box is 35-45cm, and the length of the box is determined according to the terrain, and the jasmine planting hole is prepared according to the row spacing of 45-55cm and the plant spacing of 30-40cm;

(4) Transplanting: soak the roots with 5-10ppm sodium naphthalene acetate for 2-6 hours before transplanting, and the planting density after transplanting is 3500-3800 plants/mu;

(5) Field management:

a. After transplanting, carry out conventional weeding and leaf cutting treatment, and before the flowering period, carry out jasmine pest control;

b. Spray aroma-enhancing fertilizer before flowering, which is made from the following raw materials by weight: molasses 10%-20%, potassium humate 5%-10%, maltose 5%-10%, Luo Han Guo Water extract 30%~40%, potassium sulfate 3%~5% and water to make up to 100%, when using, dilute 1 kg of aroma-enhancing fertilizer into 100 kg of water and spray on foliage;

c. Irrigate the jasmine flowers to ensure that the soil moisture content is 35% to 38% during the flowering period.

As a preferred solution, the preparation method of the water extract of Luo Han Guo is as follows: take dried Luo Han Guo, pulverize it through a 40-mesh sieve, add 5 to 8 times the weight of water at 70 to 100° C. to extract for 1 to 2 hours, and then centrifuge after extraction. Separate, take the filtrate to obtain Luo Han Guo water extract.

As a preferred solution, the biological nutrient fertilizer includes: 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 3-8 parts of peanut bran, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 3-8 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1 part of biological bacteria; the fermentation raw materials are naturally fermented for 1.5 to 2 months, during which time the inside of the fermentation material is heated to 60°C, and the heap is turned. ~25% is enough.

As a preferred solution, the jasmine pests and diseases are controlled by spraying biological agents or using insecticidal lamps, insect traps or manual killing methods to control insect pests.

Fragrance-enhancing fertilizer formula composition analysis:

Momordica grosvenori water extract: the present invention selects the water body fluid of Momordica grosvenori as the main substance of the aroma-enhancing fertilizer, which is based on the following theory: the components containing non-sugar sweet taste in the Momordica grosvenori are mainly triterpenoid glycosides: mogrosides V and IV, glycosides V The sweetness of D-mannitol is 256~344 times that of sucrose, the sweetness of glycoside IV is 126 times that of sucrose, and the second one is D-mannitol, whose sweetness is 0.55~0.65 times that of sucrose. When it reaches the leaf surface, it can be quickly absorbed by the leaves of crops, directly enter the plant body from the leaves, promote the progress of various physiological processes in the crop body, significantly improve the intensity of photosynthesis, increase the activity of enzymes, and promote the synthesis, transformation and transportation of organic matter , is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, thereby increasing the sesame oil content of jasmine. In addition, the water extraction method of the present invention extracts the effective components of Luo Han Guo, and the obtained water extract has the highest content of mogroside, which is beneficial to plant absorption.

Molasses: It is the thick liquid left after the sugar cane juice is squeezed out by the sugar industry, after heating, neutralization, precipitation, filtration, concentration, crystallization and other processes to make sugar, commonly known as sugar syrup. Its ingredients are: total sugar 46~52% (sucrose 28~32%, reducing sugar 18~20%, non-fermentable sugar 2~4%), non-sugar organic matter 9~12%, soluble gum and other carbohydrates 4 %, aconitic acid 3%, a small amount of other plant acids, etc., and also contains protein and various nutrients such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chlorine. In addition to supplementing sugar in the formula, molasses has a high viscosity. After spraying on the leaves of jasmine, it can reduce the water intake of jasmine and improve the aroma of jasmine. In addition, a variety of plant acids and nutrients can continue to supply jasmine to supplement nutrition. , to improve the quality of jasmine.

Maltose: Produced by the action of amylase-containing malt on starch. It is used as a nutrient and also for the preparation of culture medium. Maltose can be crystallized and used as a sweetener, but only 1/3 of the sweetness of sucrose. In addition, maltose is an inexpensive nutritious food that is easily digested and absorbed by the human body. Maltose nutritional analysis: Maltose moistens the lungs, promotes fluid production, and removes dryness; it can be used to treat qi deficiency and fatigue, deficiency-cold abdominal pain, lung deficiency, chronic cough and asthma. Maltose is a disaccharide. Adding it in the formula can not only help increase the sugar, but also improve the fragrance of jasmine flowers and greatly improve the quality.

Potassium sulfate: Potassium fertilizer is needed to replenish the fruit in time, which dissolves quickly and absorbs quickly. Compared with bottom fertilization, foliar spraying potassium sulfate can quickly replenish potassium and improve the utilization rate. promoting effect.

Potassium humate: Potassium humate is a high-efficiency organic potassium fertilizer, because the humic acid in it is a biologically active preparation, which can increase the content of available potassium in the soil, reduce the loss and fixation of potassium, and increase the absorption and utilization of potassium by crops. It also has the effects of improving soil, promoting crop growth, improving crop stress resistance and improving crop quality. The effects of potassium humate added in the formula are: stimulate growth, reduce leaf stomatal opening, reduce water transpiration loss, increase plant drought resistance, improve the growth cycle of jasmine, increase sesame oil accumulation, and assist potassium sulfate to supplement potassium fertilizer.

The outstanding substantive features and significant advancements of the present invention are:

1. The present invention improves the planting method of jasmine containing sesame oil, from seedling raising, soil preparation, basal fertilizer application, transplanting to field management, and the quality of jasmine is greatly improved by using the planting method. The planting method can use different fertilizers and fertilize reasonably according to the nutritional requirements of jasmine in different growth stages, which can not only meet the nutritional requirements of jasmine, but also will not cause fertilizer loss, thereby accelerating the growth of jasmine, and improving the yield and content of jasmine. Compared with the existing planting methods, the aroma content and quality of jasmine have been greatly improved;

2. The present invention improves the planting method of jasmine containing sesame oil, and sprays fragrance-enhancing fertilizer before flowering to achieve the aggregation and transformation of sesame oil. Simultaneously, the present invention uses Luo Han Guo water extract as the main substance of the fragrance-enhancing fertilizer, which can be quickly absorbed by crop leaves , enter the plant directly from the leaves, promote the progress of various physiological processes in the crop, significantly improve the intensity of photosynthesis, improve the activity of enzymes, promote the synthesis, transformation and transportation of organic matter, which is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, thereby improving the sesame oil of jasmine. According to statistics, the average sesame oil content of the jasmine flower obtained by the planting method of the present invention is 15%-20% higher than that of ordinary planted strawberries, and the market price is 15% higher;

3. The molasses, maltose, potassium sulfate and potassium humate contained in the aroma-enhancing fertilizer of the present invention can fully supply jasmine nutrient components, reduce water transpiration, prolong the growth cycle of jasmine, and be beneficial to the accumulation of sesame oil. Therefore, the quality of the jasmine planted is improved. Good, the yield per mu is increased by 5% to 8% compared with conventional planting, which greatly improves the economic benefits;

4. The present invention improves the planting method of jasmine containing sesame oil, and the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer contained in the solid organic fertilizer used can improve the soil, increase the phosphorus content of the soil, and be beneficial to the growth of the jasmine flower root system, and cooperate with organic fertilizer and plant ash, peanut bran, potassium sulfate Various types of potassium fertilizers are contained in it, which is beneficial for jasmine to absorb potassium fertilizer from the root system, directly to the jasmine flowers, and the long-term supply does not de-fertilize; moreover, after the nutrients of the base fertilizer are absorbed by the roots, the sugar-containing nutrients are transported to the leaves, thereby increasing the chlorophyll in the leaves. The content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves complement each other with aroma-enhancing fertilizers, and further increase the yield of jasmine and the content of sesame oil.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to realize that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so that the protection scope of the present invention can be more clearly defined.

A planting method for improving jasmine sesame oil, comprising seedling raising, soil preparation, basal fertilizer application, transplanting and field management, and its main steps are as follows:

(1) Raising seedlings: Quickly dip the base of jasmine branches with a solution of indole acetic acid with a concentration of 0.04-0.9% for 5-10s, insert the jasmine branches into the seedling bed according to the row spacing of 20cm×25cm and the cutting angle of 25-30°, and place them at a temperature of 25-30°. Planting for 3-5 months under the conditions of 20-25°C and relative humidity of 55-65% to obtain jasmine seedlings for use;

(2) Land preparation: Before planting, the ground machine should be tilled and harrowed finely, with a row spacing of 35 to 40 cm and a trench depth of 15 to 25 cm. For low-lying land, a soil border with a width of 70 to 80 cm and a height of not less than 30 cm should be dug for drainage ditches at both ends of the plot. To avoid water accumulation and rotten roots;

(3) Apply base fertilizer: Then apply 800-1000kg of biological nutrient fertilizer, 300-500kg of rapeseed meal fertilizer, 150-300kg of leaf rot, 20-30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-20kg of potassium fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and mix the base fertilizer with the soil. Evenly, and then raked to level and finely make the box, the width of the box is 80-100cm, the height of the box is 25-30cm, the width of the box is 35-45cm, and the length of the box is determined according to the terrain, and the jasmine planting hole is prepared according to the row spacing of 45-55cm and the plant spacing of 30-40cm;

(4) Transplanting: soak the roots with 5-10ppm sodium naphthalene acetate for 2-6 hours before transplanting, and the planting density after transplanting is 3500-3800 plants/mu;

(5) Field management:

a. After transplanting, carry out conventional weeding and leaf cutting treatment, and before the flowering period, carry out jasmine pest control;

b. Spray aroma-enhancing fertilizer before flowering, which is made from the following raw materials by weight: molasses 10%-20%, potassium humate 5%-10%, maltose 5%-10%, Luo Han Guo Water extract 30%~40%, potassium sulfate 3%~5% and water to make up to 100%, when using, dilute 1 kg of aroma-enhancing fertilizer into 100 kg of water and spray on foliage;

c. Irrigate the jasmine flowers to ensure that the soil moisture content is 35% to 38% during the flowering period.

The preparation method of Luo Han Guo water extract is as follows: take dried Luo Han Guo, pulverize it through a 40-mesh sieve, add 5 to 8 times the weight of water at 70 to 100° C. to extract for 1 to 2 hours, and then centrifuge after the extraction, and take the filtrate to obtain Luo Han Guo. water extract.

Bio-nutrient fertilizers include: 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 3-8 parts of peanut bran, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 3-8 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1 part of biological bacteria; fermentation The raw materials are naturally fermented for 1.5 to 2 months. During the period, the fermented material is heated to 60 °C and turned over. After the fermentation material is completely decomposed, it is dried at 45 to 48 °C to a water content of 22 to 25%.

Jasmine pests and diseases are controlled by spraying biological agents or using insecticidal lamps, insect traps or manual killing methods to control pests.

Finally, it should be noted that the embodiments are only the best specific implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it is still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A planting method for improving sesame oil content of jasmine is characterized by comprising the following main steps of seedling raising, land preparation, base fertilizer application, transplanting and field management:

(1) seedling culture: quickly dipping the base of the jasmine branches for 5-10s by using indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.04-0.9%, inserting the jasmine branches into a seedling bed according to the row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 25cm and the cuttage angle of 25-30 degrees, and planting for 3-5 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-65% to obtain jasmine seedlings for later use;

(2) land preparation: before planting, finely harrowing a ground machine, digging a row distance of 35-40 cm, digging a ditch with a depth of 15-25 cm, digging a soil ridge with a width of 70-80 cm on a low-lying land, wherein the height of the soil ridge is not lower than 30cm, and digging drainage ditches at two ends of the land so as to prevent accumulated water from rotting roots;

(3) applying a base fertilizer: then, applying 800-500 kg of biological nutrition fertilizer, 300-500kg of rapeseed meal fertilizer, 150-300kg of rotten leaf soil, 20-30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-20kg of potash fertilizer as base fertilizers per mu, uniformly mixing the base fertilizers and the soil, then raking and leveling to form a box, wherein the width of the box is 80-100cm, the height of the box is 25-30cm, the width of a box ditch is 35-45cm, the length of the box is determined along with the terrain, and jasmine planting holes are prepared according to the row spacing of 45-55cm and the plant spacing of 30-40 cm;

(4) transplanting, namely soaking roots of the roots in 5 ~ 10ppm sodium naphthaleneacetate for 2 ~ 6 hours before transplanting, wherein the planting density after transplanting is 3500 ~ 3800 plants/mu;

(5) field management:

a. after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, conventional weeding and leaf cutting treatment are carried out, and jasmine pest control is carried out before the flowering period;

b. spraying a flavoring fertilizer before flowering, wherein the flavoring fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 10% of molasses ~ 20%, 5% of potassium humate ~ 10%, 5% of maltose ~ 10%, 30% of a siraitia grosvenori water extract solution ~ 40%, 3% of potassium sulfate ~ 5% and water to supplement 100%, and when the flavoring fertilizer is used, 1 kg of the flavoring fertilizer is diluted into 100 kg of water to be sprayed to leaf surfaces;

c. the jasmine is irrigated, and the water content of soil is guaranteed to be 35% ~ 38% in the flowering period.

2. The planting method for improving sesame oil content of jasmine according to claim 1, wherein the fructus momordicae aqueous extract is prepared by taking dried fructus momordicae, crushing, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, adding water of 70 ~ 100 ℃ and 100 ℃ in an amount of 5 ~ 8 times by weight, extracting for 1 ~ 2 hours, centrifuging after extraction, and taking filtrate to obtain the fructus momordicae aqueous extract.

3. The planting method for improving sesame oil content of jasmine flowers according to claim 1, wherein the biological nutrition fertilizer comprises 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 8 ~ 12 parts of plant ash, 3 ~ 8 parts of peanut bran, 8 ~ 12 parts of bean pulp, 3 ~ 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 ~ 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1 part of biological bacteria, the fermentation raw materials are naturally fermented for 1.5 ~ 2 months, during the process, when the temperature inside the fermentation materials is raised to 60 ℃, the fermentation materials are turned over, and after the fermentation materials are completely decomposed, the fermentation materials are dried at 45 ~ 48 ℃ until the water content is 22 ~ 25%.

4. The planting method for improving the sesame oil content of the jasmine flowers according to claim 1, wherein pest control of the jasmine flowers is achieved by spraying a biological agent or using a pest killing lamp, a pest trap or an artificial killing mode.