CN110669535A

CN110669535A - Internal heating type pyrolysis device

Info

Publication number: CN110669535A
Application number: CN201910929766.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张涉; 龚佰勋; 黎莉; 邓晨; 曹桦钊; 陈洪一
Original assignee: Shenzhen Longcheng High Tech Environmental Protection Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Longcheng High Tech Environmental Protection Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-29
Filing date: 2019-09-29
Publication date: 2020-01-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a garbage internally-heated pyrolysis device, which comprises an external sleeve, a furnace body, a spiral internal heating pipe, a pyrolyzer heat preservation device, an end cover, a motor, a material inlet/outlet, an impurity outlet device and the like. The external sleeve of the pyrolysis device is a device for through-flow heating of hot fluid, and the material is heated by heat carried by the hot fluid through heat transfer of a furnace body; the central shell formed by the external sleeve is an inner furnace body of the pyrolysis device and is a space for decomposing materials by absorbing heat; the heating pipe in the spiral pushes the pyrolyzed material entering from the feed inlet by rotating, and the pyrolyzed material is discharged from the discharge outlet after being pyrolyzed by the furnace body; the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a pyrolysis residue outlet and a heating medium gas inlet, and the double-shaft screw plays a role in stirring and propelling in the pyrolyzer and can mutually clean the garbage wound on the shaft; the garbage pyrolyzer has the advantages of strong reliability, short pyrolysis time, high efficiency, good effect, obvious reduction, low pollution, compact structure, convenient use and the like, and has wide market prospect in the future of garbage rear-end treatment.

Description

Internal heating type pyrolysis device

Technical Field

The invention provides a pyrolysis device for treating dry components of household garbage, which is particularly suitable for pyrolysis and gasification of classified household garbage, particularly classified dry components.

Background

With the development of global economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of human beings, the material life of people is more and more abundant, the quantity of domestic garbage is rapidly increased, the natural environment and the like are greatly influenced, and the domestic garbage is also an important factor influencing the social development. In order to reduce the influence of the domestic garbage, human beings mainly treat the domestic garbage by three modes of landfill, composting and incineration at present. At present, although the municipal domestic waste in China is treated by landfill, the construction cost is low and is different from 15 ten thousand yuan/ton to 40 ten thousand yuan/ton, the treatment capacity of the municipal domestic waste is far beyond the speed of the waste generated by the current social development, and simultaneously, the water pollution caused by leachate generated after the waste is buried, the atmospheric pollution caused by the landfill generated by the decomposition of organic matters in the waste, and the soil pollution caused by the fact that a large amount of glass, batteries, plastics and the like in the waste enter the soil are not suitable for the trend of the current social development and are gradually eliminated. The composting technology has the defects of large occupied area, long production period, difficult industrial production and production of leachate malodor and methane, and simultaneously, the produced product has low effective fertilizer content and heavy metal content, and the sale is relatively low due to the reasons. The increasingly shortage of traditional energy and the problem of energy safety are frequently shown, the garbage treatment speed is accelerated by adopting incineration treatment, however, the investment of huge flue gas treatment equipment caused by excessive air quantity and infrastructure caused by links such as ash conveying treatment, leachate treatment and the like are large, and the dioxin generated in the combustion process is an internationally recognized highly toxic substance and has fatal harm and serious influence on human bodies and the surrounding environment. Pyrolysis gasification is attracting much attention as a harmless, quantitative-reducing and resource-recycling treatment mode for treating household garbage.

The garbage classification system is related to 13 hundred million and improves the living environment of a plurality of people, and the garbage can not be subjected to reduction, recycling and harmless treatment. Under the state of incomplete garbage classification at the present stage, the municipal solid waste is separated into a dry component (dry matter with the water content of less than 35%) and a wet component (semi-solid with the water content of up to 60%) by one-step squeezing through a squeezing technology, wherein the dry component mainly comprises plastics, paperboards, wood, waste clothes and some inert materials; the energy calorific value is higher, and the dry components generate combustible gas after passing through the pyrolysis device, and then the gas is subjected to resource treatment and application, so that the renewable utilization rate of the garbage is improved to the maximum extent, and the purpose of promoting the garbage power generation in a new energy industry is achieved.

In order to solve the problems, the device for pyrolyzing the classified dry garbage components mechanically pyrolyzes the classified dry garbage components under the conditions of low water content and high heat value of the classified garbage, is suitable for pyrolyzing the classified dry garbage components of urban household garbage, realizes harmless, recycling and reduction treatment of the garbage, and reduces the garbage resource treatment cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The device of the invention has the following implementation mode:

the invention provides a pyrolysis device for treating dry components of municipal solid waste, which comprises an external sleeve, a furnace body, a shaftless screw, a central heating pipe, a pyrolysis device heat preservation device, an end cover, a motor and the like, wherein the pyrolysis device is provided with a pyrolysis chamber, the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a material inlet and a heating medium gas inlet/outlet, the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a pyrolysis residue outlet and a heating medium gas inlet/outlet, the double-shaft shaftless screw plays a role in stirring and propelling in the pyrolysis device, and the heating medium gas inlet is indirectly connected with a gasification device through a pipeline.

The invention relates to a domestic garbage dry component pyrolyzer, which is used for treating domestic garbage, wherein the domestic garbage is cleaned by a sweeper, enters a garbage transfer station through a collecting and transporting vehicle, enters a temporary garbage storage platform through a transporting vehicle, and is mechanically sorted and separated to generate dry domestic garbage components. The dry garbage components after mechanical classification are dried and then enter a garbage pyrolyzer, macromolecular organic matters in the combustible garbage are cracked and converted into micromolecular organic gas by absorbing heat in a high-temperature environment, a small amount of moisture in the dry garbage components after drying is sucked out from the components through high temperature, and meanwhile, malodorous gas and other gas purification fuel gas in the garbage can be adsorbed by porous medium products formed after pyrolysis. After the garbage is treated by the pyrolysis process, the aims of reduction, harmlessness and no pollution can be realized at the fastest speed.

The garbage pyrolyzer adopts a single-cylinder double-shaft design, realizes the sufficiency of heat exchange, simultaneously ensures the pyrolysis uniformity, adopts double shafts to furthest solve the problem of the twining of garbage combustible objects to ensure the reliability of the stable operation of the pyrolyzer, simultaneously shortens the pyrolysis time due to the increase of the heat exchange surface, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, good effect, obvious reduction, low pollution, compact structure, convenient use and the like.

Drawings

The invention is explained in further detail with reference to the attached drawing of the apparatus.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a household garbage dry component pyrolysis device;

FIG. 1 shows, according to the drawing: 1. a domestic garbage dry component inlet; 2. a shaftless propulsion screw; 3. an explosion-proof port; 4. an upper jacket heating medium inlet; 5. an upper jacket heating medium outlet; 6. the pyrolysis device is provided with a jacket; 7. no shaft reverse screw; 8. a central heating tube; a pyrolyzer holding device; 9. an end cap; 10. a dry component pyrolysis outlet; 11. a lower jacket heating medium inlet; 12. a lower jacket heating medium outlet; 13. an outlet for carrying impurities in the heating medium; 14. a lower jacket of the pyrolysis device; 15. a pyrolyzer support structure; 16. a power plant driven structure; 17. and (3) a power device structure.

Fig. 2 side view of the pyrolyzer apparatus.

Fig. 3 top view of the pyrolyzer apparatus.

Detailed Description

The invention will be elucidated on the basis of an embodiment shown in the drawing. The embodiments disclosed herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description of the embodiments, but is defined only by the scope of the claims, and includes all modifications having the same meaning as and within the scope of the claims.

The invention belongs to a pyrolysis device for dry components of household garbage, which comprises: 1. a domestic garbage dry component inlet; 2. a shaftless propulsion screw; 3. an explosion-proof port; 4. an upper jacket heating medium inlet; 5. an upper jacket heating medium outlet; 6. the pyrolysis device is provided with a jacket; 7. no shaft reverse screw; 8. a central heating tube; 9. an end cap; 10. a dry component pyrolysis outlet; 11. a lower jacket heating medium inlet; 12. a lower jacket heating medium outlet; 13. an outlet for carrying impurities in the heating medium; 14. a lower jacket of the pyrolysis device; 15. a pyrolyzer support structure; 16. a power plant driven structure; 17. the device comprises a power device structure, wherein a household garbage dry component inlet 1, a heating medium inlet 4 and a heating medium outlet 5 are arranged above a pyrolysis device body, and a household garbage dry component outlet 10 and an explosion-proof opening 3 are arranged above a pyrolyzer body.

The dry household garbage component inlet 1 is used for enabling dry garbage components after being mechanically sorted and mechanically classified and dried by the drying machine to enter the pyrolysis device through the inlet, and feeding materials are arranged above the dry household garbage component inlet.

The pyrolysis outlet 10 of the dry garbage components, the dry garbage components are cracked and pyrolyzed by absorbing heat, and residual substances after pyrolysis are discharged from the outlet.

The heating medium inlet 4 carries medium gas with higher temperature and high heat to enter from the inlet, and provides energy for pyrolysis of dry components of the garbage.

The heating medium outlet 5, from which the heating medium with reduced temperature and energy exits the pyrolyzer.

The pyrolysis device is externally provided with a sleeve 6/14 to form a pyrolysis channel of dry garbage components with the wall of the pyrolyzer, the dry garbage components absorb energy from a heat medium, and organic matters in the dry garbage components are heated and decomposed into main spaces of micromolecular organic gas and liquid substances.

The shaftless propelling screw 2 pushes dry garbage components to move forwards, simultaneously stirs the garbage to be uniformly mixed, and increases disturbance to enable the heated medium to absorb energy to the maximum extent.

The explosion-proof opening 3 is easy to expand and explode under the high-temperature state due to organic gas generated by pyrolysis, and the structure is safe under the abnormal state.

The central heating pipe 8 is provided with a heating medium in the center, a heating surface is increased, the heated garbage dry components are fully heated, and the functions of centering and supporting the shaftless spiral are achieved.

The heating medium carries an impurity outlet 13, and after the temperature of the heating medium is reduced, part of the medium mixed in the heating medium is separated out, and if the medium is not discharged in time, the heat exchange process of the heating surface is influenced.

The thermal insulation device 8 of the pyrolyzer is provided with a thermal insulation structure outside the pyrolyzer, so that the heat loss is reduced.

The power device structure 17 drives the shaftless propelling screw 2 to realize pyrolysis propulsion of dry garbage components.

When the novel process is used, during specific implementation, firstly, dry garbage components after mechanical sorting and drying enter a pyrolyzer through a dry household garbage component inlet 1, the dry garbage components are propelled to move towards the other end of the pyrolyzer through a shaftless screw 2, meanwhile, high-temperature and high-energy media entering from a heating medium inlet 4 exchange heat through a pyrolyzer jacket 6/14 and a central pipe 8, the dry garbage components are fully dried, retorted and pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis chamber, slag after the dry components are pyrolyzed is discharged out of the pyrolyzer through a pyrolysis outlet 10, the heating medium after heat exchange is discharged out of the pyrolyzer through a heating medium outlet 5/12, meanwhile, a power device structure 17 drives the shaftless propulsion screw 2 in the process to realize the forward movement of the combustible garbage, the combustible garbage is in the pyrolysis chamber, small-molecule organic gas generated by pyrolysis of macromolecular organic matters passes through a gas outlet and then is discharged out of the pyrolyzer, enters the next gas purification device through a pipeline, and enters the gas storage device for utilization after purification.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, the dry components of the household garbage are pyrolyzed by heating, so that harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of the household garbage is realized;

secondly, the pyrolysis gas resource recycling after the pyrolysis of the dry garbage components is realized, and the resource utilization rate is improved;

the invention adopts double-shaft spiral propulsion to realize the full contact of the dry components of the garbage and a heat exchange surface;

the garbage pyrolyzer has high reliability, shortens pyrolysis time due to the increase of the heat exchange surface, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, good effect, obvious reduction, low pollution, compact structure, convenient use and the like on garbage combustibles;

the central heating pipe solves the problems of insufficient contact of a heated substance with a heat exchange surface and insufficient pyrolysis, and provides an idea for the design of the heat exchange surface of the pyrolyzer.

Claims

1. An internally heating pyrolysis device structurally comprises a central heating pipe, a central heating pipe and a central heating pipe, wherein the central heating pipe is used for circulating hot fluid and increasing a heating surface so as to uniformly heat materials; the central spiral structure is used for pushing the pyrolyzed materials to move and increasing material disturbance; the pyrolyzer jacket device is used for a flowing space of hot fluid to form a pyrolysis space of materials, and provides energy for the pyrolyzed materials through heat transfer; the end covers are used for sealing two ends of the pyrolysis device and preventing gas from overflowing; the lower shell body supports the pyrolysis device body, the heating medium carries an impurity outlet, and after the heating medium is cooled, the carried impurity is settled and then discharged from the outlet.

2. The pyrolyzer according to claim 1, a central heating tube for circulating hot fluid, increasing the heating surface and making the material heated uniformly, characterized in that: the center of the device adopts seamless steel pipes and assembly technology to form a pipeline, so that the heated medium is isolated from the heating medium, the heat exchange is realized without changing the quality, and the heat value of the pyrolysis product is improved.

3. The pyrolyzer according to claim 1 adapted to move material, increase material turbulence and increase heat transfer, wherein: through distortion, form the helical blade of same interval, carry through the spiral inclination under the motor drives, the biax is to the material from the clear effect of axle, and it is more abundant to increase heat transfer material pyrolysis.

4. The pyrolyzer according to claim 1 for use in a flow space for a hot fluid, constituting a pyrolysis space for material, while providing energy to the material being pyrolyzed by heat transfer, characterized in that: the material to be pyrolyzed is isolated from the heating medium by a gas flowing space formed by upper and lower omega-shaped cylinders of a jacket, and an indirect heating surface is added to increase indirect heat exchange.

5. The waste pyrolyzer according to claim 1 for closing the end cover plates on both sides of the pyrolysis apparatus to prevent gas from escaping, characterized in that: utilize the end cover plate to form and seal the pyrolysis space, prevent to be overflowed by the product that the pyrolysis formed, adopt two "omega" types of biax for increasing heat transfer area, also can carry out the self-cleaning effect to the material around the axle simultaneously.

6. The pyrolyzer according to claim 1 for use in a pore structure for the removal of entrained impurities from the orifice after cooling of the thermal medium, characterized in that: the adoption is gone up the funnel-shaped structure of flaring, and the impurity of being convenient for flows, prevents that drill way structure from blockking up.

7. The pyrolyzer according to claim 4 for use in a double "omega" configuration with upper and lower support jackets, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: 3 groups of fixed-length square rib plates are reinforced in the middle of the upper and lower double cylinders, the rib plates support the upper and lower cylinders, the strength of the jacket is reinforced, and the rigidity strength creep deformation generated after high temperature is reduced.

8. The pyrolyzer according to claim 1 for use in a structure for supporting the body of a pyrolysis apparatus, wherein: the I-shaped steel or channel steel is adopted, so that the pyrolysis device is avoided.