CN110662078B - 4K/8K ultra-high-definition coding inter-frame coding fast algorithm suitable for AVS2 and HEVC - Google Patents
4K/8K ultra-high-definition coding inter-frame coding fast algorithm suitable for AVS2 and HEVC Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 4K/8K ultra-high definition coding interframe coding frame fast algorithm suitable for AVS2 and HEVC. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) adaptively adjusting the calculation order of prediction units of AVS2/HEVC according to the coding information of adjacent blocks of the coding units, and preferentially calculating the prediction unit with high selected probability; (2) skipping the calculation process of an inter-frame prediction unit by using the intra-frame prediction result, and reducing the encoding complexity; (3) and the reconstruction process and the coding cost calculation process of the Inter _2Nx2N Inter-frame prediction unit are skipped by using the intra-frame prediction result, so that the coding complexity is reduced. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the calculation order of various prediction units of the coding unit is adaptively determined, and the calculation amount is reduced; unnecessary prediction modes can be accurately skipped, the encoding time of AVS2 and HEVC on violent-motion sequences is saved, the compression rate is ensured, and the optimization on an encoder has practical reference value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to video coding, in particular to a 4K/8K ultra-high definition coding interframe coding frame fast algorithm suitable for AVS2 and HEVC.
Background
HEVC is a latest generation video coding standard promoted by the International telecommunication Union (ITU-T), and on the basis of the previous generation video coding standard H264, a plurality of new coding tools are added, so that the compression rate is doubled, and a good foundation is laid for the development of the ultra-high definition video industry.
AVS2 is the latest generation standard for ultra high definition video applications released in china in 2016 at 12 months. The whole framework of the method is similar to that of HEVC, meanwhile, a plurality of special new tools are added, and the coding efficiency is slightly superior to that of HEVC. At present, the ministry of industry and informatization, the national broadcast television bureau and the central broadcast television headquarters have jointly issued' ultra high definition video industry development action plan (2019 and 2022), China is greatly promoting the development of the ultra high definition video industry and the application of related fields, and the AVS2 video standard becomes the only video coding standard adopted by the China general television bureau < <4K ultra high definition television technology application implementation guide (2018 edition) >), so that the AVS2 video standard has a wide application prospect.
Aiming at the characteristics of ultra-high definition video, both AVS2 and HEVC adopt a quadtree division structure, and the texture complexity of an image is flexibly matched. Specifically, the largest coding units of both AVS2 and HEVC are 64x64, and the smallest coding unit can reach 8x8 by quadtree partitioning. Inside each coding Unit, it can be divided into different Prediction units (Prediction units): prediction units of HEVC include Merge _2Nx2N, Skip _2Nx2N, Inter _2Nx2N, Inter _ Nx2N, Inter _2NxN, Inter _2NxnU, Inter _2NxnD, Inter _ nLx2N, Inter _ nRx2N, Intra _2Nx2N, and Intra _ NxN, etc., where Intra _2Nx2N and Intra _ NxN are Intra prediction units and others are Inter prediction units. The prediction units of the AVS2 include Direct _2Nx2N, Skip _2Nx2N, Inter _2Nx2N, Inter _ Nx2N, Inter _2NxN, Inter _2NxnU, Inter _2NxnD, Inter _ nLx2N, Inter _ nRx2N, Intra _2Nx2N, Intra _ NxN, Intra _2nx0.5n, and Intra _0.5Nx2N, wherein Intra _2Nx2N, Intra _ NxN, Intra _2nx0.5n, and Intra _0.5Nx2N are Intra prediction units, and others are Inter prediction units. AVS2 and HEVC adopt the flexible coding unit and prediction unit division mode, thereby greatly improving compression efficiency.
The encoder generally selects an optimal encoding mode through a Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) method. The rate distortion optimization is to calculate a total coding cost RDCost according to the number of bits of a coded code stream and image distortion caused by coding, and the RDCost is expressed as D + lambda R in a formula. D is image distortion, R is the number of bits after encoding, lambda is a lagrangian constant determined by the quantization parameter, and calculation of RDCost requires reconstruction of the encoding unit and estimation of the number of bits, so the amount of calculation is large. In HEVC coding, coding costs of Merge _2Nx2N/Skip _2Nx2N, Inter _2Nx2N, Inter _ Nx2N, Inter _2NxN, Inter _2NxnU, Inter _2NxnD, Inter _ nLx2N, Inter _ nRx2N, and Intra _2Nx2N are calculated in sequence, and a prediction unit with the smallest cost is selected as a final prediction mode of the coding unit. The AVS2 encoding process is also substantially the same.
The encoder generally uses a simplified coding cost SatdCost as an initial selection of an intra prediction direction and a filtering of a Motion Vector (MV) in an inter prediction Motion search. The formulation is expressed as SatdCost ═ Satd + header _ bits ═ lambda. Satd is obtained by performing Hadamard transform on the difference value between the predicted pixel value and the original pixel value and then performing absolute value summation; for intra-frame prediction, the header _ bits is mainly the bit number in the intra-frame prediction direction, and the inter-frame prediction is the bit number of the coded MV; lambda is the Lagrangian constant determined by QP. When the intra-frame prediction unit is used for coding, firstly calculating SatdCost of all prediction directions, selecting N candidates with the minimum SatdCost as candidate directions, then calculating RDCost of the N candidates, and selecting the minimum RDCost as a final prediction direction; when the inter-frame prediction unit is used for coding, motion search is firstly carried out on each prediction block, the MV with the minimum SatdCost is selected as the optimal motion vector, then the coding unit is reconstructed by using the prediction result of the MV, and the coding cost RDCost of the coding unit is calculated. For the AVS2/HEVC encoder, the most computationally intensive part is the motion search of inter coding units and the RDCost calculation process of all prediction units.
The conventional encoding flow calculates the encoding cost of the prediction mode in a way of working, and the final prediction unit is only one, so that a lot of redundant calculation exists. At present, a plurality of decision-making algorithms are proposed in the industry, the methods are mainly used for making decisions on Merge _2Nx2N (Direct _2Nx2N)/Skip _2Nx2N or Inter _2Nx2N and other Inter-frame prediction modes in advance, and aiming at scenes with good Inter-frame prediction effect, the frequency of intra-frame prediction calculation is reduced, so that the encoding process is accelerated. In practical applications, however, the scenes of the video are diverse: in the smooth motion area, the inter-frame prediction unit can obtain a good prediction result, so that the inter-frame prediction coding is suitable for being adopted; in the regions with severe motion, the old scenes are blocked, the new scenes are presented, the blocks with high matching degree can not be obtained when the regions are subjected to motion search, and the coding effect of intra-frame prediction is better.
Analyzing the encoding result of AVS2/HEVC on the sequence with severe motion can find that, in the inter-frame encoding frame, the distribution of intra-frame prediction presents a certain aggregation effect, that is, all regions in a certain block may adopt intra-frame prediction modes, and these regions are mainly concentrated in the new scene of the current frame. For such regions, the calculation priority of the intra prediction mode can be increased, and the remaining prediction modes can be skipped, saving the amount of calculation.
The BDRate index is currently adopted in the industry to measure the difference of compression efficiency of different encoders. The BDRate refers to the magnitude of the increase or saving of the coding rate for the same objective quality of the image. The objective quality of an image is generally measured by the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) between the decoded reconstructed image and the original image.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 4K/8K ultra-high-definition coding inter-frame rapid algorithm which is suitable for AVS2 and HEVC and reduces the calculation amount in order to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the 4K/8K ultra-high-definition coding inter-frame coding fast algorithm applicable to AVS2 and HEVC specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adaptively adjusting the calculation order of prediction units of AVS2/HEVC according to the coding information of adjacent blocks of the coding units, and preferentially calculating the prediction unit with high selected probability;
(2) skipping the calculation process of an inter-frame prediction unit by using the intra-frame prediction result, and reducing the encoding complexity;
(3) and the reconstruction process and the coding cost calculation process of the Inter _2Nx2N Inter-frame prediction unit are skipped by using the intra-frame prediction result, so that the coding complexity is reduced.
The AVS2/HEVC is the latest generation video coding standard, and the compression efficiency and the coding complexity both far exceed the standard of the previous generation. To better promote the application of AVS2 and HEVC, the encoder encoding speed needs to be optimized sufficiently so as to reduce the encoding complexity as much as possible while maintaining a high compression ratio of AVS 2/HEVC. The traditional optimization method mainly aims at the area with better inter-frame prediction effect, and the complexity is reduced by skipping the intra-frame prediction mode. The invention provides a new fast algorithm mainly aiming at the regions with severe motion, and adaptively determines the calculation order of various prediction units of a coding unit, thereby possibly calculating an intra-frame prediction mode first and skipping other inter-frame prediction modes to reduce the calculation amount. The method can accurately skip unnecessary prediction modes, saves the coding time of AVS2 and HEVC on violent-motion sequences, ensures the compression rate, and has practical reference value for the optimization of the encoder.
Preferably, for an HEVC encoder, the method specifically includes the following steps:
(11) when coding a coding unit of an inter-frame coding frame of HEVC, firstly calculating coding costs of Skip _2Nx2N and Merge _2Nx2N to obtain SatdCost _ Skip & Merge and RDCost _ Skip & Merge, then checking whether the intra-frame prediction mode is selected in adjacent coding units at the left side, the upper side and the upper left corner of the current coding unit, and if so, skipping (12); otherwise, sequentially calculating the coding costs of the other prediction modes in sequence, and selecting the prediction mode with the minimum coding cost;
(12) calculating the coding cost of the Intra-frame prediction mode to obtain SatdCost _ Intra and RDCost _ Intra, calculating the ratio D of the SatdCost _ Intra to the SatdCost _ Skip & Merge, if D is smaller than a set value, indicating that the Intra-frame prediction obtains a good prediction effect, and directly selecting the Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit to Skip the subsequent inter-frame prediction mode; if D is larger than or equal to the set value, turning to the step (13);
(13) performing motion estimation on Inter _2Nx2N to obtain an optimal motion vector and a corresponding satdcast _ mv, if satdcast _ Intra in the step (12) is smaller than satdcast _ mv, finishing pixel reconstruction and coding cost calculation of Inter _2Nx2N, and directly selecting an Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit; otherwise, calculating the coding cost of Inter _2Nx2N and the coding cost of the residual prediction mode according to normal steps, and selecting the optimal prediction mode.
Preferably, the AVS2 encoder specifically includes the following steps:
(21) when coding a coding unit of an inter-frame coding frame of AVS2, firstly calculating coding costs of Skip _2Nx2N and Direct _2Nx2N to obtain SatdCost _ Skip & Direct and RDCost _ Skip & Direct, then checking whether the intra-frame prediction mode is selected in the adjacent coding units at the left side, the upper side and the upper left corner of the current coding unit, and if so, jumping to a step (22); otherwise, sequentially calculating the coding costs of the other prediction modes in sequence, and selecting the prediction mode with the minimum coding cost;
(22) calculating the coding cost of the Intra-frame prediction mode to obtain SatdCost _ Intra and RDCost _ Intra, calculating the ratio D of the SatdCost _ Intra to the SatdCost _ Skip & Direct, if D is smaller than a set value, indicating that the Intra-frame prediction obtains good prediction effect, and directly selecting the Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit to Skip the subsequent inter-frame prediction mode; if D is larger than or equal to the set value, turning to the step (23);
(23) motion estimation is carried out on Inter _2Nx2N to obtain an optimal motion vector and a corresponding SatdCost _ mv, if the SatdCost _ Intra in the step (22) is smaller than the SatdCost _ mv, pixel reconstruction and coding cost calculation of Inter _2Nx2N are finished, and an Intra-frame prediction mode is directly selected by a coding unit; otherwise, calculating the coding cost of Inter _2Nx2N and the coding cost of the residual prediction mode according to normal steps, and selecting the optimal prediction mode.
Preferably, the value of D is 0.75.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the calculation order of various prediction units of the coding unit is adaptively determined, and the calculation amount is reduced; unnecessary prediction modes can be accurately skipped, the encoding time of AVS2 and HEVC on violent-motion sequences is saved, the compression rate is ensured, and the optimization on an encoder has practical reference value.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the 4K/8K ultra high definition coding inter-frame fast algorithm applicable to AVS2 and HEVC specifically includes the following steps:
(1) adaptively adjusting the calculation order of prediction units of AVS2/HEVC according to the coding information of adjacent blocks of the coding units, and preferentially calculating the prediction unit with high selected probability;
(2) the intra-frame prediction result is used for skipping the calculation processes of Inter-frame prediction units such as Inter _2Nx2N, Inter _ Nx2N, Inter _2NxN, Inter _2NxnU, Inter _2NxnD, Inter _ nLx2N, Inter _ nRx2N and the like, so that the coding complexity is reduced;
(3) and the intra-frame prediction result is used for skipping the reconstruction process and the coding cost calculation process of Inter-frame prediction units such as Inter _2Nx2N and the like, so that the coding complexity is reduced.
The HEVC encoder specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) when coding a coding unit of an inter-frame coding frame of HEVC, firstly calculating coding costs of Skip _2Nx2N and Merge _2Nx2N to obtain SatdCost _ Skip & Merge and RDCost _ Skip & Merge, then checking whether the intra-frame prediction mode is selected in adjacent coding units at the left side, the upper side and the upper left corner of the current coding unit, and if so, skipping (12); otherwise, sequentially calculating the coding costs of the other prediction modes in sequence, and selecting the prediction mode with the minimum coding cost;
(12) calculating the coding cost of the Intra-frame prediction mode to obtain SatdCost _ Intra and RDCost _ Intra, calculating the ratio D of the SatdCost _ Intra to the SatdCost _ Skip & Merge, if D is less than 0.75, indicating that the Intra-frame prediction obtains good prediction effect, and directly selecting the Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit to Skip the subsequent inter-frame prediction mode; if D is larger than or equal to 0.75, turning to the step (13);
(13) performing motion estimation on Inter _2Nx2N to obtain an optimal motion vector and a corresponding satdcast _ mv, if satdcast _ Intra in the step (12) is smaller than satdcast _ mv, finishing pixel reconstruction and coding cost calculation of Inter _2Nx2N, and directly selecting an Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit; otherwise, calculating the coding cost of Inter _2Nx2N and the coding cost of the residual prediction mode according to normal steps, and selecting the optimal prediction mode.
The AVS2 encoder specifically comprises the following steps:
(21) when coding a coding unit of an inter-frame coding frame of AVS2, firstly calculating coding costs of Skip _2Nx2N and Direct _2Nx2N to obtain SatdCost _ Skip & Direct and RDCost _ Skip & Direct, then checking whether the intra-frame prediction mode is selected in the adjacent coding units at the left side, the upper side and the upper left corner of the current coding unit, and if so, jumping to a step (22); otherwise, sequentially calculating the coding costs of the other prediction modes in sequence, and selecting the prediction mode with the minimum coding cost;
(22) calculating the coding cost of the Intra-frame prediction mode to obtain SatdCost _ Intra and RDCost _ Intra, calculating the ratio D of the SatdCost _ Intra to the SatdCost _ Skip & Direct, if D is less than 0.75, indicating that the Intra-frame prediction obtains good prediction effect, and directly selecting the Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit to Skip the subsequent inter-frame prediction mode; if D is larger than or equal to 0.75, turning to the step (23);
(23) motion estimation is carried out on Inter _2Nx2N to obtain an optimal motion vector and a corresponding SatdCost _ mv, if the SatdCost _ Intra in the step (22) is smaller than the SatdCost _ mv, pixel reconstruction and coding cost calculation of Inter _2Nx2N are finished, and an Intra-frame prediction mode is directly selected by a coding unit; otherwise, calculating the coding cost of Inter _2Nx2N and the coding cost of the residual prediction mode according to normal steps, and selecting the optimal prediction mode.
The AVS2/HEVC is the latest generation video coding standard, and the compression efficiency and the coding complexity both far exceed the standard of the previous generation. To better promote the application of AVS2 and HEVC, the encoder encoding speed needs to be optimized sufficiently so as to reduce the encoding complexity as much as possible while maintaining a high compression ratio of AVS 2/HEVC. The traditional optimization method mainly aims at the area with better inter-frame prediction effect, and the complexity is reduced by skipping the intra-frame prediction mode. The invention provides a new fast algorithm mainly aiming at the regions with severe motion, and adaptively determines the calculation order of various prediction units of a coding unit, thereby possibly calculating an intra-frame prediction mode first and skipping other inter-frame prediction modes to reduce the calculation amount. The method can accurately skip unnecessary prediction modes, saves the coding time of AVS2 and HEVC on violent-motion sequences, ensures the compression rate, and has practical reference value for the optimization of the encoder.
The invention is applied to AVS2 and HEVC coders, the coding time of sequences with complex motion can be saved by 6-15% on average, and the BDRate is increased by less than 0.5%. Therefore, the method of the invention can effectively improve the coding speed on the premise of basically not losing the coding quality and has very high practical value.
Claims (3)
1. The 4K/8K ultra-high definition coding inter-frame coding frame fast algorithm suitable for AVS2 and HEVC is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adaptively adjusting the calculation order of prediction units of AVS2/HEVC according to the coding information of adjacent blocks of the coding units, and preferentially calculating the prediction unit with high selected probability;
(2) skipping the calculation process of an inter-frame prediction unit by using the intra-frame prediction result, and reducing the encoding complexity;
(3) skipping the reconstruction process and the coding cost calculation process of the Inter _2Nx2N interframe prediction unit by using the intraframe prediction result, and reducing the coding complexity;
the method specifically comprises the following steps for an HEVC encoder:
(11) when coding a coding unit of an inter-frame coding frame of HEVC, firstly calculating coding costs of Skip _2Nx2N and Merge _2Nx2N to obtain SatdCost _ Skip & Merge and RDCost _ Skip & Merge, then checking whether the intra-frame prediction mode is selected in adjacent coding units at the left side, the upper side and the upper left corner of the current coding unit, and if so, skipping (12); otherwise, sequentially calculating the coding costs of the other prediction modes in sequence, and selecting the prediction mode with the minimum coding cost;
(12) calculating the coding cost of the Intra-frame prediction mode to obtain SatdCost _ Intra and RDCost _ Intra, calculating the ratio D of the SatdCost _ Intra to the SatdCost _ Skip & Merge, if D is smaller than a set value, indicating that the Intra-frame prediction obtains a good prediction effect, and directly selecting the Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit to Skip the subsequent inter-frame prediction mode; if D is larger than or equal to the set value, turning to the step (13);
(13) performing motion estimation on Inter _2Nx2N to obtain an optimal motion vector and a corresponding satdcast _ mv, if satdcast _ Intra in the step (12) is smaller than satdcast _ mv, finishing pixel reconstruction and coding cost calculation of Inter _2Nx2N, and directly selecting an Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit; otherwise, calculating the coding cost of Inter _2Nx2N and the coding cost of the residual prediction mode according to normal steps, and selecting the optimal prediction mode.
2. The 4K/8K ultra high definition coding (UHV) inter-frame coding (UHV) fast algorithm applicable to AVS2 and HEVC as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps for AVS2 encoder:
(21) when coding a coding unit of an inter-frame coding frame of AVS2, firstly calculating coding costs of Skip _2Nx2N and Direct _2Nx2N to obtain SatdCost _ Skip & Direct and RDCost _ Skip & Direct, then checking whether the intra-frame prediction mode is selected in the adjacent coding units at the left side, the upper side and the upper left corner of the current coding unit, and if so, jumping to a step (22); otherwise, sequentially calculating the coding costs of the other prediction modes in sequence, and selecting the prediction mode with the minimum coding cost;
(22) calculating the coding cost of the Intra-frame prediction mode to obtain SatdCost _ Intra and RDCost _ Intra, calculating the ratio D of the SatdCost _ Intra to the SatdCost _ Skip & Direct, if D is smaller than a set value, indicating that the Intra-frame prediction obtains good prediction effect, and directly selecting the Intra-frame prediction mode by a coding unit to Skip the subsequent inter-frame prediction mode; if D is larger than or equal to the set value, turning to the step (23);
(23) motion estimation is carried out on Inter _2Nx2N to obtain an optimal motion vector and a corresponding SatdCost _ mv, if the SatdCost _ Intra in the step (22) is smaller than the SatdCost _ mv, pixel reconstruction and coding cost calculation of Inter _2Nx2N are finished, and an Intra-frame prediction mode is directly selected by a coding unit; otherwise, calculating the coding cost of Inter _2Nx2N and the coding cost of the residual prediction mode according to normal steps, and selecting the optimal prediction mode.
3. The 4K/8K ultra high definition coding (UHV) interframe coding (AMC) fast algorithm suitable for AVS2 and HEVC according to claim 1 or 2, wherein D is 0.75.
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