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CN110636893A - 组合的烟尘过滤器和脲水解 - Google Patents

组合的烟尘过滤器和脲水解 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110636893A
CN110636893A CN201880028481.3A CN201880028481A CN110636893A CN 110636893 A CN110636893 A CN 110636893A CN 201880028481 A CN201880028481 A CN 201880028481A CN 110636893 A CN110636893 A CN 110636893A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
filter unit
catalyst
particulate filter
impregnated
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CN201880028481.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
P·加布里埃尔森
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Umicore AG and Co KG
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Umicore AG and Co KG
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Publication of CN110636893A publication Critical patent/CN110636893A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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Abstract

用于废气净化的单片过滤器单元将脲水解与颗粒过滤组合。

Description

组合的烟尘过滤器和脲水解
本发明是一种将脲分解颗粒过滤器(UDPF)和催化剂柴油颗粒过滤器(CDPF)整合在一起的系统，尤其是用于废气净化的系统。
本发明解决了废气净化系统的复杂性和膨松度的问题。本发明呈现了一种更紧凑且较不复杂的废气净化系统。
今天卡车制造商使用脲水解混合器，该混合器是一种特殊的管，其中脲被蒸发和部分分解，并且然后在SCR催化剂上水解。在本发明的过滤器中，脲在过滤器的UDPF部分中与一部分废气直接水解成两个氨分子，而另一部分废气则通过过滤器的CDPF部分，其中NO与NO2反应。UDPF可涂覆有脲水解催化剂，但即使没有涂层，单片也具有一些水解活性。在UDPF过滤器级分的上游，将脲喷雾导向过滤器的UDPF分级区；这可使用用于脲喷雾的护罩或引导件来启用。在过滤器的CDPF级分中产生的NO2不用于烟尘过滤器再生，而是用于改善位于过滤器下游的SCR(选择性催化还原)催化剂的低温性能。混合器可位于SCR催化剂的上游和UDPF/CDPF的下游，以改善离开UDPF/CDPF的NH3和NO2的均匀混合。
本发明可用于净化发动机的废气，例如但并非仅仅是柴油发动机废气。
本发明提供了一种适用于车辆废气净化的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元。根据本发明的一个实施方案，该单元包括至少一个包括多个通道的单片。通道在一个端部处是打开的，以使废气进入，但在另一个端部处是封闭的，以迫使废气穿过单片的过滤器壁离开单元，从而过滤废气。单片本身具有两个开口端，第一端部和第二端部，第一端部供废气进入，在废气通过单片的过滤器壁过滤后废气离开第二端部。为了包封单片，保护它并使其能够安装在废气系统中，过滤器单元还包括适于贴合在至少一个单片周围的至少一个壁。
本发明的必要之处在于，至少一个单片被分成两个部分。第一部分，UDPF特别适于促进脲直接水解为如上所述的两个氨分子。该第一部分可涂覆有适于脲水解的第一类型的催化剂，但其也可是未涂覆的，因为过滤器的陶瓷可有助于脲的水解。水解催化剂的示例为：ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3、H-ZSM-5或SiO2。至少一个单片的第二部分，CDPF，涂覆有适于NO至NO2的反应的第二类型的催化剂。在一个实施方案中，该第二类型的催化剂为柴油氧化催化剂。柴油氧化催化剂的示例为：Pt/Al2O3；(Pt,Pd)/Al2O3；Pt/TiO2；(Pt,Pd)/TiO2；0-50g/ft3；贵金属。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，过滤器单元具有圆柱形形状，并且当在过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，第一部分具有圆形扇区的形状。在该实施方案中，过滤器与催化剂的浸渍可通过筛选不浸渍的过滤器部分来进行。在另外的实施方案中，第一部分可具有圆形区段的形状，或者其可具有圆形的形状，所述圆形在所观察的过滤器单元横截面的外圆内。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，过滤器单元包括位于第一部分上游的流引导件。流引导件适于将废气流的一部分仅引导至第一部分，并且将废气流的该部分与流向一个或多个单片的废气流的其余部分隔离。就在流引导件之前或之内，脲可被注入到流引导件内流动的废气流的部分中。因此，流引导件将注入的脲更精确地引导至至少一个单片的第一(UDPF)部分。流引导件可以是导管或管道的形式。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，过滤器单元包括布置在至少一个单片(包括第一部分和第二部分)下游的混合器。混合器适于混合来自第一部分和第二部分的废气流。
在其中过滤器单元包括多个单片的实施方案中，单片可以相对于流过过滤器单元的流体串联或并联布置。因此，当单片在过滤器单元中并联连接时，它们相对于从过滤器单元的第一开口端到第二开口端的流体流动方向并排布置在过滤器单元的内横截面区域上。当单片串联时，它们在流体流动方向上一个接一个地布置。多个单片也可以在过滤器单元内串联和并联布置，即横跨过滤器单元的横截面区域并排地布置并且在流体流动方向上一个接一个地布置。过滤器单元包括适于贴合在一个或多个单片周围的至少一个壁。壁的数量取决于过滤器单元的形状。具有圆形或椭圆形横截面形状的过滤器单元包括围绕壁的单个单片，而具有矩形横截面形状的过滤器单元包括四个壁，并且具有三角形横截面形状的过滤器单元包括三个壁。
本发明的特征
1.用于车辆废气的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，所述单元包括：
·至少一个单片，所述至少一个单片包括在一个端部处打开并且在另一个端部处封闭的多个通道，
·第一开口端，
·第二开口端，其中所述至少一个单片被分成两部分，第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分是未涂覆的或涂覆有第一类型的催化剂，所述第二部分涂覆有第二类型的催化剂。
2.根据特征1所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述第一类型的催化剂为脲水解催化剂。
3.根据前述特征中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述第二类型的催化剂为柴油氧化催化剂。
4.根据前述特征中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述过滤器单元具有圆柱形形状，并且当在所述过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，所述第一部分具有圆形扇区的形状。
5.根据特征1-3中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述过滤器单元具有圆柱形形状，并且当在所述过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，所述第一部分具有圆形区段的形状。
6.根据特征1-3中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中当在所述过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，所述第一部分具有圆形的形状。
7.根据前述特征中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述单元还包括在所述第一部分的上游的流引导件，所述流引导件适于将所述废气流的一部分仅引导至所述第一部分并且将所述废气流的该部分与所述废气流的其余部分隔离。
8.根据前述特征中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述过滤器单元还包括混合器，所述混合器被布置在所述第一部分和所述第二部分的下游，所述混合器适于将来自所述第一部分的所述废气流与来自所述第二部分的所述废气流混合。
9.用于车辆废气净化的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
·提供用于车辆废气的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，所述单元包括：至少一个单片，所述至少一个单片包括在一个端部处打开并且在另一个端部处封闭的多个通道；第一开口端；第二开口端；至少一个壁，所述至少一个壁适于贴合在所述至少一个单片周围，其中所述至少一个单片被分成两部分，第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分是未涂覆的或涂覆有第一类型的催化剂，所述第二部分涂覆有第二类型的催化剂，
·在所述单元的所述第一开口端上游提供车辆废气，
·在所述至少一个单片的所述第一部分的上游，将脲注入到所述车辆废气的部分流中。
10.根据特征9所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在所述至少一个单片的所述第一部分的上游提供用于所述部分流的流体引导件，所述流体引导件适于将所述部分流引导至所述至少一个单片的所述第一部分。
11.根据特征9或10所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在所述过滤器单元的下游提供混合器并且将包含NO2和NH3的流体流混合离开所述过滤器单元的所述第一部分和所述第二部分。
12.根据特征9-11中任一项所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在所述过滤器单元的下游提供SCR单元。
从以下参考附图对特定实施方案的描述中，本发明的更详细描述将变得显而易见，其中
图1示出了SCR催化剂单元上游的过滤器单元的等轴视图，并且
图2示出了本发明的性能的曲线图。
位置编号
01.过滤器单元。
02.SCR催化剂单元
03.单片的第一部分(UDPF)。
04.单片的第二部分(CDPF)。
参照图1，示出了根据本发明的实施方案的过滤器单元01，其内部具有单片。该实施方案的过滤器单元具有未示出的一个圆柱形盒壁，其适于包封待安装在其内部的单片的侧面并固定单片以防止相对于壁的移动。当单片安装在壁内时，其适于接纳待在单片中净化的废气。单片被分成两个部分。在第一部分03中，圆柱形单片的横截面区域的扇区是UDPF。在第二部分04中，单片的其余部分是CDPF。废气通过第一开口端进入过滤器单元。具有注入的脲的一个废气流进入第一部分，并且包含NO的另一个废气流进入第二部分。气流流入包括具有封闭端部的多个通道的单片中，因此，气流流过单片的过滤器侧以在包含氨和NO2的气流中通过过滤器单元的第二开口端离开。为了在离开过滤器单元的气体进入SCR之前均质化该气体，可在过滤器单元下游和SCR上游采用混合器(未示出)。
图2示出了当脲在根据本发明的(U)DPF之前注入到废气物流中时，相比于如果在SCR(UDPF下游)之前将脲注入到废气流中，实验如何显示出较高的NOX转化率。

Claims (14)

1.用于车辆废气的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，所述单元包括：
·至少一个单片，所述至少一个单片包括在一个端部处打开并且在另一个端部处封闭的多个通道，
·第一开口端，
·第二开口端，
其中所述至少一个单片被分成两部分，第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分是未涂覆的或涂覆有第一类型的催化剂，所述第二部分涂覆有第二类型的催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述第一类型的催化剂为脲水解催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述脲水解催化剂为ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3、H-ZSM-5或SiO2中的至少一种。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述第二类型的催化剂为柴油氧化催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述柴油氧化催化剂为Pt/Al2O3、(Pt，Pd)/Al2O3、Pt/TiO2、(Pt，Pd)/TiO2、0-50g/ft3或贵金属中的至少一种。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述过滤器单元具有圆柱形形状，并且当在所述过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，所述第一部分具有圆形扇区的形状。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述过滤器单元具有圆柱形形状，并且当在所述过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，所述第一部分具有圆形区段的形状。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中当在所述过滤器单元的横截面图中观察时，所述第一部分具有圆形的形状。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述单元还包括在所述第一部分的上游的流引导件，所述流引导件适于将所述废气流的一部分仅引导至所述第一部分并且将所述废气流的该部分与所述废气流的其余部分隔离。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，其中所述过滤器单元还包括混合器，所述混合器被布置在所述第一部分和所述第二部分的下游，所述混合器适于将来自所述第一部分的所述废气流与来自所述第二部分的所述废气流混合。
11.用于车辆废气净化的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
·提供用于车辆废气的催化剂浸渍的废气微粒过滤器单元，所述单元包括：至少一个单片，所述至少一个单片包括在一个端部处打开并且在另一个端部处封闭的多个通道；第一开口端；第二开口端；至少一个壁，所述至少一个壁适于贴合在所述至少一个单片周围，其中所述至少一个单片被分成两部分，第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分是未涂覆的或涂覆有第一类型的催化剂，所述第二部分涂覆有第二类型的催化剂，
·在所述单元的所述第一开口端上游提供车辆废气，
·在所述至少一个单片的所述第一部分的上游，将脲注入到所述车辆废气的部分流中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在所述至少一个单片的所述第一部分的上游提供用于所述部分流的流体引导件，所述流体引导件适于将所述部分流引导至所述至少一个单片的所述第一部分。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在所述过滤器单元的下游提供混合器并且将包含NO2和NH3的流体流混合离开所述过滤器单元的所述第一部分和所述第二部分。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：在所述过滤器单元的下游提供SCR单元。
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