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CN1105944C - 获得剥脱成像图案的方法 - Google Patents

获得剥脱成像图案的方法 Download PDF

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CN1105944C
CN1105944C CN97190154A CN97190154A CN1105944C CN 1105944 C CN1105944 C CN 1105944C CN 97190154 A CN97190154 A CN 97190154A CN 97190154 A CN97190154 A CN 97190154A CN 1105944 C CN1105944 C CN 1105944C
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马克·A·斯帕克
拉尔夫·R·达默尔
迈克尔·德普瑞德
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Abstract

一种得到剥脱成像图案的方法,包括下列步骤:(a)提供第一层等离子体可腐蚀材料,上述材料的膜厚小于0.5μm;(b)提供包括光成像材料的第二层置于第一层上面;(c)在上述第二层上形成一种图形,包括有选择地暴光和使第二层显影;(d)用有机硅材料与第二层起反应;(e)在氧气氛中各向同性地腐蚀第一层。

Description

获得剥脱成像图案的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及获得剥脱成像图案的方法。
背景技术
在图形装置如半导体晶片和硬驱动器记录磁头的制造中,一个决定性步骤是把限定图形的金属沉积到基片上。这种金属沉积方法的精确性和相容性对于装置的制造产量和性能是关键性因素。现已有几种金属沉积方法,其中之一是剥脱(lift off)方法。在这种剥脱方法中,在基片上限定一个光刻图形,因此,在金属沉积区不含光致抗蚀剂,基片其他部分由一层光致抗蚀剂保护。然而,为在沉积金属后剥离这层光致抗蚀剂,要求金属膜中有一个不连续性,以便由光致抗蚀剂剥离剂除去这层保护层。现已有几种金属版印刷法来获得这种剥脱图案。
一种剥脱光刻图案通常没有连续的垂直侧壁。最佳光阻材料侧壁应使基片零件防止金属沉积。用于金属沉积的典型剥脱图案示于图I~图3。
图1的图案是把具有成像抗蚀剂的基片浸入氯苯中并经图像显影而得到的。在抗光蚀剂的表面形成一个保护罩。沉积金属时,这个保护罩使沉积在抗蚀剂和基片上的金属膜形成一种不连续性,因此,允许光致抗蚀剂随后除去。图2是按美国专利US4885 232和US5399 456叙述的在此引为参考的,经由图像反转方法得到的一个底切图像。金属沉积时,光致抗蚀剂层表面较宽线的宽度遮盖住基片界面处较窄的光致抗蚀剂线宽度。因此,在光致抗蚀剂和基片上的金属膜之间形成一个空隙,便于除去光致抗蚀剂。图3中的剥脱方案是一种双水平工艺。在基片上形成一层厚的预亚胺的聚酰亚胺底层,一层重氮型光致抗蚀剂作为顶层。这个顶层参照美国专利US4782 008(结合作为本申请的参考)所述进行成像,显影和甲硅烷基化。底层在活性离子腐蚀氧气系统中腐蚀。在甲硅烷基化时,在顶层掺入硅使顶层耐腐蚀,而聚酰亚胺底层由反应离子腐蚀工艺除去。因此,形成一层在顶部比在基底宽的保护顶层。沉积金属时,在光致抗蚀剂和金属之间形成一个空隙,因此可以除去光致抗蚀材料。
这几类剥脱图案的缺点是:为在基片上得到不连续性的保护是在顶部光致抗蚀剂成像,远离基片,因此,由于金属沉积方法的非定向性,金属线宽度及其尺寸的控制降低。此外,在光致抗蚀剂侧壁发生金属沉积,除去这种光致抗蚀剂后,有剩余金属遗留在基片上。从理论上讲,不连续性越接近金属层最终厚度,对金属结构尺寸控制性越强。制造集成电路时,任何的或所有的工艺步骤的清洁度和高的可控制性将使这个工艺步骤更为有效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可克服上述缺点的获得剥脱光致抗蚀剂图案的方法。
为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明提供了一种得到剥脱成像图案的方法,包括下列步骤:(a)提供第一层等离子体可腐蚀材料,上述材料的膜厚小于0.5μm;(b)提供包括光成像材料的第二层置于第一层上面;(c)在上述第二层上形成一种图形,包括有选择地暴光和使第二层显影;(d)用有机硅材料与第二层起反应;(e)在氧气氛中各向同性地腐蚀第一层。
优选地,第一层包括一种有机抗反射涂层。
优选地,第一层包含至少有一种氨基芳香族发色团并有酐聚合物的亚胺反应产物。
优选地,包含酐的聚合物是一种共聚物,包括具有酐基团的第一重复单元和具有酐基团但至少有一种替代品的第二重复单元。
优选地,这种氨基芳香族发色团从由下列化合物组成的基团中选择:1-氨基蒽,2-氨基蒽,1-氨基萘,2-氨基萘,N-(2,4)二硝基苯酚)-1,4-苯联氨,P-(2,4-二硝基苯偶氮基)苯胺,P-(4-N,N-二甲氨苯偶氮基)苯胺,4-氨基-2-(9-(6-羟基-3-占吨酚)苯甲酸,2,4-二硝基苯基肼,二硝基苯胺,氨基苯并噻唑,和氨基芴酮。
优选地,第二层包括一种碱溶性,不溶于水的成膜树脂,和光敏的化合物。
优选地,一种在酸中可以分解的溶解抑制剂进一步掺入到第二层中。
优选地,所述的聚合物是一种酚醛清漆树脂,或羟基苯乙烯聚合物。
优选地,所述的光敏化合物由重氮基萘醌,噁盐,三嗪组成的基团中选择。
优选地,这种重氮基萘醌还包括2.1.5,2.1.4或2.1.6重氮基萘醌或其混合物,与三或四羟基二苯酮或三羟基苯烷烃或其混合物的反应产物。
优选地,第二层的厚度在0.25~1μm范围。
优选地,暴光辐照是在约200~450nm(纳米)范围进行。
优选地,显影步骤使用氢氧化四甲基铵的水溶液。
优选地,有机硅材料从六甲基环丙硅烷,八甲基环四硅烷,1,3-二氯二甲二苯二砜,1,7-二氯亚辛基四硅烷和六甲基二硅氮烷组成的基团中选择。
优选地,在上述第二层与有机硅化合物反应之前,应对第二层进行灯光暴光。
按照现有技术,例如US4782 008,对光致抗蚀剂层进行甲硅烷基化。这种甲硅烷基化方法仅使硅渗入到顶部光致抗蚀剂成像的表面和侧壁。甲硅烷基化步骤后是各向同性氧等离子体蚀刻。这种蚀刻方法在没有顶部光致抗蚀剂的区域除去底层。甲硅烷基化时,硅渗入这种光致抗蚀剂能防止氧等离子体蚀刻这种光致抗蚀剂层,在等离子体蚀刻时起着掩膜的作用。由于底层的各向同性蚀刻,在底层形成一个腔形型面。这个腔提供了必要的不连续性型面。然后可以沉积金属,并除去这层光致抗蚀剂。由于腔的厚度非常接近沉积金属的厚度,因此达到对金属图形较高的尺寸控制,这对电子装置的制造非常有利。此外,在光致抗蚀剂侧壁沉积的任何金属都在光致抗蚀剂剥离过程中完全除去,基片上没有金属剩余物。
附图说明
图1-图3示出现有技术的金属沉积的典型剥脱图案。
图4示出本发明的方法获得的剥脱成像图案。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明最佳实施例。
本发明提供了一种获得剥脱成像图案新型方法。基片上涂有一薄层聚合物材料,经烘烤充分除去溶剂。然后把一层光致抗蚀剂涂在第一层的顶部,并烘烤充分除去溶剂。光致抗蚀剂通过掩膜而暴光,潜像在顶层显影出。保留在基片上的成像光致抗蚀剂然后进行甲硅烷基化。甲硅烷基化工艺使硅渗入光致抗蚀剂表面和侧壁。本发明的一个基本要求是:在甲硅烷基化过程中,第一层成分中不得掺入硅和可在氧等离子体中迅速蚀刻。因此,在光致抗蚀剂甲硅烷基化时,没有硅掺入到第一层中。然后在一种各向同性的氧等离子体中,蚀刻这个多水平系统,它快速蚀刻通过第一层,而甲硅烷基化的光致抗蚀剂层能极好地耐氧等离子体蚀刻。由于这种各向同性蚀刻的结果,如图IV所示,在底层形成一个腔形型面。
腔的形成是本发明的要求,有几个原因要求形成这种腔。这种腔使不连续性接近基片,因而加大了对金属层的尺寸控制。此外,腔的形状使光致抗蚀剂的脱除剂实际上与底层接触,起到除去这层材料的脱除剂的作用。另一个要求是金属厚度小于第一层厚度。一旦这种双水平系统成像完毕,金属就沉积在基片上,光致抗蚀剂则去除。
涂复在基片上的第一层材料一般很薄,厚度约为0.07~0.5μm,最好为0.1~0.3μm。这一层的厚度至少必须大于沉积金属层厚度0.1μm。第一层的成分由其性能确定,它不能在光致抗蚀剂顶层甲硅烷基化的条件被甲硅烷基化。此外,它必须在氧等离体中可蚀刻。比较典型的这一层可以是如EP(欧洲专利)583 205所述的一种有机抗反射涂层。这里叙述的并结合作为参考的抗反射涂层是一层成分中至少有一种氨基芳香族发色团并有酐聚合物的酰亚胺反应产物的成膜成分。其中包括酐的聚合物是一种包括具有酐基团的第一重复单元和具有带至少一种取代基的乙烯基团的第二重复单元的共聚合物。而这种氨基芳香族发色团可以是任何具有伯氨键或仲氨键的芳香族化合物,可以是一种N-芳香基氨基化合物,一种苄胺,或其他氨基团借助中间基团键合到芳香族化合物的氨基芳香族化合物。优选的氨基芳香族发色团有伯氨基团。更优选的氨基芳香族发色团有借助N-芳香基键键合到这种芳香族化合物的一个伯氨基团。最优选的氨基芳香族发色团从由下列化合物组成的基团中选择:1-氨基蒽,2-氨基蒽,1-氨基萘,2-氨基萘,N-(2,4-二硝基苯酚)-1,4-苯联氨,P-(2,4-二硝基苯偶氮基)苯胺,P-(4-N,N二甲氨苯偶氮基)苯胺,4-氨基-2-(9-(6-羟基-3-占吨酚)-苯甲酸,2,4-二硝基苯基肼,二硝基苯胺,氨基苯并噻唑,和氨基芴酮。可用于与氨基芳香族发色团起反应的聚合物包括具有酐基团的任何聚合物。非限制性的特殊例子包括聚二甲基戊二酰亚胺,聚(马来酐-共异丁烯酸甲酯),聚(马来酐-共-乙烯基·甲基醚),聚(苯乙烯-共-马来酐)和聚(丙烯酐),以及其改型,共聚物,共其组合。此外,第一层可以是一种非吸收非芳香族聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯,聚醋酸乙烯酯,等,可以包含添加剂,如染料。
用于把光成像层旋转涂复到第一层顶部的抗光蚀溶液包括一种碱溶性不溶于水的树脂膜,一种光敏化合物和一种溶剂。典型的碱溶性树脂是酚醛清漆树脂和聚羟基苯乙烯。光敏化合物可以是重氮基萘醌,噁盐,三嗪等。可以使用的溶剂有丙二醇-甲基醚乙酸盐,乙酸溶纤剂,乳酸乙酯,乙基乙氧基专用材料,2-庚酮或溶剂的混合物。添加剂也可掺入到光致抗蚀剂成分中,例如染料,溶解抑制剂,抗剥落添加剂,摄影速率增强剂,光致抗蚀剂稳定剂等。对光致抗蚀剂的基本要求是可以在一组条件下甲硅烷基化,因此,这一层在氧等离子体中明显能抗腐蚀。第二层优选的厚度约为0.25~1μm,更优选的厚度约为0.3~0.6μm。另外,一种在酸中可以分解的溶解抑制剂可进一步掺入到第二层中。
适用的基片包括硅,铝,聚合物树脂,二氧化硅,掺杂二氧化硅,氮化硅,钽,铜,多晶硅,陶瓷,铝/铜混合物;砷化镓,以及其他III、IV族化合物。
技术上已知光致抗蚀剂的甲硅烷基化技术。可用的但非限定性技术在US 4782 008中已叙述。这种成像光致抗蚀剂图形浸入六甲基环丙硅烷和二甲苯溶液中。溶液温度和浸泡时间长度影响甲硅烷基化速率和程度。浸泡时间越长,溶液温度越高,硅掺入到光致抗蚀剂中越多。所用的典型温度约为20~100℃,最好为35~80℃。甲硅烷基化时间为30s(秒)~30min(分),最好是1~15min(分)。也可用其他硅试剂和溶剂。其他可用的含硅化合物是八甲基环四硅烷,1,3-二氯二甲二苯二砜,1,7-二氯亚辛基四硅烷和六甲基二硅氮烷。优选的溶剂可溶解含硅化合物,不与这种化合物反应,对质子惰性,不侵蚀或溶解底层。典型的有机溶剂是苯,甲苯,二甲苯,醚,以及乙酸盐。
可以在本发明中选择增加一个步骤,即在甲硅烷基化之前把光致抗蚀剂膜置于灯光暴光下,这种灯光暴光由紫外光进行,特别是光解在光致抗蚀剂成分中的光敏化合物的紫外光。
在甲硅烷基化以后,这种复合基片置于抽空并充满氧气的反应室。反应室的压力为10mtorr(毫托),以约0.02L/min(升/分)的流率把气体引入到反应室,把约0.02KW(千瓦)的射频电源接入等离子体中,以在氧气中形成一种等离子体,并持续约10~250min(分)。反应室可以有其他气体,如氩,或其他氧-惰性气体,或碳氢化合物气体。在等离子体腐蚀过程中,底层快速腐蚀,而顶部甲硅烷基化的光致抗蚀剂层仍基本保持完整无缺。在这个工艺步骤结束时,如图IV所示,得到一个在底层有空腔的浮脱型面。
然后可以在这个复合晶片上沉积金属。沉积金属厚度小于底层厚度。然后用化学光致抗蚀剂剥离剂剥离光致抗蚀剂层。当使用化学光致抗蚀剂剥离剂时,这种未甲硅烷基化的底层的可溶性使光致抗蚀剂除去工艺容易进行并保持清洁,因此使本发明的方法具有另一个重要制造优点。
现介绍下列非限定性实例说明本发明。
实例1:
添加16.1g(克)聚(乙烯基·甲基醚-马来酐)和469g环己酮,28.2g N-(2,4-二硝基苯酚)-1,4苯二胺到一种溶液中。这种溶液加热到140℃保温4h(小时)。整个亚胺化反应由红外分光仪监。控调节这种溶液以得到一种具有9wt%(重量百分比)固体的抗反射涂层配方。
实例2:
实例1的抗反射涂层经由300rpm(转/分)的旋转涂复施加到硅圆片上。涂层在一个热板上在170℃烘烤60s(秒)。得到0.25μm(微米)厚的涂层。然后在这层抗反射涂层以4000rpm(转/分)涂上一层AZ1505保护层(一种重氮型萘醌-醛醛清漆防护层,可在Hoechst CelaneseCorporation购得,AZ抗光蚀产品),并在110℃热板上烘烤60s(秒)得到0.5μm厚的涂层。这个第二层通过一掩膜用100mJ/cm2(毫焦耳/平方厘米)的暴光剂量进行暴光,由用水稀释60s的1∶4的AZ400K显影剂(氢氧化钾溶液,可从Hoechst Celanese Corporation。购得,AZ抗光蚀剂产品)显影。然后,用2000mJ/cm2剂量的水银灯紫外线照射进行灯光暴露。基片浸入有5%六甲基环丙硅烷及0.5vol%(体积百分比)的N-甲基吡咯烷酮的二甲苯溶液中,在40℃保持2min(分),然后旋转干燥。第一层的等离子体腐蚀是在等离子体腐蚀剂中进行,其中氧压为6torr(托),流率为1000cm3/s,功率为250W保持8min,得到第一层各向同性图案。

Claims (15)

1.一种得到剥脱成像图案的方法,包括下列步骤:
(a)提供第一层等离子体可腐蚀材料,上述材料的膜厚小于0.5μm;
(b)提供包括光成像材料的第二层置于第一层上面;
(c)在上述第二层上形成一种图形,包括有选择地暴光和使第二层显影;
(d)用有机硅材料与第二层起反应;
(e)在氧气氛中各向同性地腐蚀第一层。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于第一层包括一种有机抗反射涂层。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于第一层包含至少一种氨基芳族发色团与包括酐的聚合物的酰亚胺反应产物。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于包含酐的聚合物是一种包括具有酐基团的第一重复单元和具有带至少一种取代基的乙烯基团的第二重复单元的共聚物。
5.按照权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于这种氨基芳香族发色团从由下列化合物组成的基团中选择:1-氨基蒽,2-氨基蒽,1-氨基萘,2-氨基萘,N-(2,4)二硝基苯酚)-1,4-苯联氨,P-(2,4-二硝基苯偶氮基)苯胺,P-(4-N,N-二甲氨苯偶氮基)苯胺,4-氨基-2-(9-(6-羟基-3-占吨酚)苯甲酸,2,4-二硝基苯基肼,二硝基苯胺,氨基苯并噻唑,和氨基芴酮。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于第二层包括一种碱溶性,不溶于水的成膜树脂,和光敏的化合物。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于一种在酸中可以分解的溶解抑制剂进一步掺入到第二层中。
8.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的聚合物是一种酚醛清漆树脂,或羟基苯乙烯聚合物。
9.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述的光敏化合物由重氮基萘醌,鎓盐,三嗪组成的基团中选择。
10.按照权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于这种重氮基萘醌还包括2.1.5,2.1.4或2.1.6重氮基萘醌或其混合物,与三或四羟基二苯酮或三羟基苯烷烃或其混合物的反应产物。
11.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于第二层的厚度在0.25~1μm范围。
12.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于暴光辐照是在约200~450nm(纳米)范围进行。
13.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于显影步骤使用氢氧化四甲基铵的水溶液。
14.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于有机硅材料从六甲基环丙硅烷,八甲基环四硅烷,1,3-二氯二甲二苯二砜,1,7-二氯亚辛基四硅烷和六甲基二硅氮烷组成的基团中选择。
15.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在上述第二层与有机硅化合物反应之前,应对第二层进行灯光暴光。
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