CN110573141A - 欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物、制造和应用 - Google Patents
欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物、制造和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110573141A CN110573141A CN201780090111.8A CN201780090111A CN110573141A CN 110573141 A CN110573141 A CN 110573141A CN 201780090111 A CN201780090111 A CN 201780090111A CN 110573141 A CN110573141 A CN 110573141A
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- yarrow
- freshly squeezed
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- plant juice
- skin
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物和一种用于制造这种欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的温和方法。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在化妆品组合物、药用组合物、食品组合物或膳食补充剂中使用。本发明还涉及一种欧蓍草的使用的新的观点。本发明提供一种欧蓍草用于刺激热休克蛋白和/或抗微生物肽在皮肤细胞中的表达的应用。此外,描述一种欧蓍草用于提高皮肤的耐热性的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,所述欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物能够长期储存,而在此不必采用热处理、防腐剂或其它添加剂。此外,本发明涉及一种用于制造这种欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的温和的方法。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在化妆品组合物、药用组合物、食品组合物或膳食补充剂中使用。
本发明还涉及一种欧蓍草的使用的新的观点。本发明提供一种欧蓍草用于刺激热休克蛋白和/或抗微生物肽在皮肤细胞中的表达的应用。此外,描述一种欧蓍草用于提高皮肤的耐热性的应用。
背景技术
欧蓍草(Achillea millefollium,西洋蓍草)是传统的药用植物。典型的内含物例如包括:精油,倍半萜烯,酚类化合物,例如类黄酮、酚羧酸和甜菜碱。示例性的酚羧酸包括绿原酸和不同的二咖啡酰奎尼酸。
欧蓍草以提取物的形式使用。为了制造液态提取物,例如使用新鲜的(未经干燥的)植物,意即通常必须在生产区附近种植或采集植物初始材料。收获成熟的植物,并且必须对其及时(通常在一天之内)进行压榨和灌装,以便防止变质和微生物损害。
以这种方式获得的欧蓍草草药榨汁例如能够在胃肠轻度痉挛性不适,包括肠胃气胀和食欲不振的情况下使用。此外,欧蓍草由于其在伤口愈合时的积极特性还用在护肤霜中。
欧蓍草提取物已经在局部施用的化妆品中广泛使用。在此涉及由干燥的药材制成的提取物。干燥提供与季节收获时间段的时间无关性,以及防止可能的变质的保护。干燥的植物材料能够更简单地且成本更低地储存和运输。然而,在将植物材料干燥时和在制造提取物时(可能在热量输送的条件下的提取,和通常随后在加热至浓缩的条件下通过蒸馏来去除提取剂)部分地改变植物的成分谱。
欧蓍草草药鲜榨植物汁的工业生产通常通过如下进行:收获要压榨的植物或植物部分、清洗、切碎、用于使植物酶失活的水蒸气处理和粉碎植物材料、在压力下压榨、过滤或离心、超高温短期加热以灭菌,和无菌灌装(Deutsche Apothekerzeitung 2011年,第93页及以后)。这种鲜榨植物汁通常包含2重量%-6重量%的干燥提取物或干汁。这涉及一种温和的方法,其中仅短期使用较高的温度。此外需要相对少的工作步骤。由此应确保对于敏感的、生物活性的内含物,例如抗氧化剂提供保护。
不利的是,所获得的鲜榨植物汁仅能够在封闭的容器中良好地储存,因为否则存在微生物污染的风险。因此,鲜榨植物汁,特别是对于终端用户而言,在处理时是有问题的。因此其原因为:需要完全消耗或需要为鲜榨植物汁添加不期望的防腐剂以进行保护防止变质。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供可长期储存的欧蓍草提取物和用于制造这种提取物的方法。另一目的在于提供一种欧蓍草提取物,其能够在不使用防腐剂或其它添加剂的情况下储存。内含物的特性不应通过制造方法和储存损害。此外,应提供含水的欧蓍草提取物,所述欧蓍草提取物与在现有技术中已知的应用可能性相比,提供另外的、附加有利的应用。因此,在现有技术中描述了用于刺激热休克蛋白和/或皮肤AMP的有效物质。尽管如此仍存在对新型天然的、耐受良好的、能够简单地引用到化妆品配方中的HSP和/或AMP刺激剂的需求。
因此,本发明涉及一种欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,其包括下述组成部分或由其构成:
以欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的100重量%计,
10-100重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,
0-90重量%的水,和
0-90重量%的载体材料。
此外,本发明涉及一种用于制造欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的方法,所述欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物优选为如在本文中所述的根据本发明的浓缩物,所述方法包括下述步骤或由下述步骤构成:
提供欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁,以及
浓缩欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁。
本发明提供一种欧蓍草用于刺激热休克蛋白和/或抗微生物肽在皮肤细胞中的表达的应用。
本发明还提供一种欧蓍草用于提高皮肤的耐热性的应用。
此外,本发明涉及一种根据本发明的鲜榨植物汁浓缩物作为药物的应用。
令人惊讶地发现:由欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣构成的浓缩物可长期保存。这甚至在省去防腐剂或在提高的温度下相应的用于长期存放的处理方法、例如巴氏杀菌的条件下是这种情况。根据本发明的方法能够实现用于保存内含物特性的温和的(意即不在较高的温度下较长时间地暴露)的方法。为此尤其能够使用反渗透、冷冻干燥、喷射干燥或这些浓缩方法的组合。
通过使用这些方法中的一种或多种方法,能够避免用于浓缩鲜榨植物汁的不利的方式,如以蒸馏的方式去除水。以蒸馏的方式去除水需要在提高的温度(70-80℃)下的较长的处理持续时间,这通常会引起在内含物特性方面的变化。热敏感的内含物在此能够改变或分解。
此外还发现,欧蓍草通常、尤其是根据本发明的浓缩物和欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁适用于化妆品组合物。因此,欧蓍草,尤其欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁在基因层次上将一些热休克蛋白(HSPs)上调。因此,在基因层次上,HSP27上调,但是HSP70没有上调。此外,令人惊讶地发现,欧蓍草,尤其是欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁将抗微生物蛋白和肽(AMP),例如β-防御素1和S100钙结合蛋白A8在基因层次上上调。已知的是,Hsp27提供耐热性和细胞保护作用,并且支持细胞在逆境胁迫下的存活。而AMP能够用作为局部使用的抗微生物剂,尤其是用于处理多抗性病原体以及用于处理皮肤和伤口感染。此外,能够设想在肿瘤治疗中的应用。这引起欧蓍草尤其在优选局部施用的化妆品组合物和药用组合物的范围中的有利的应用。
如在本文中使用的术语“欧蓍草”涉及西洋蓍草草药或欧蓍草草药,并且同样涉及根据Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis,Springer Verlag(Springer出版社)的成员。欧蓍草能够作为未经处理的植物或者以不同的制剂的形式存在,例如以欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁或欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的形式存在。
“欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁”和“欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物”的特征在于存在相对高含量的多元酚,尤其酚羧酸,其中包括单咖啡酰奎尼酸的组(包含绿原酸[3-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸,CAS 327-97-9],新绿原酸[5-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸,CAS 906-33-2]和隐绿原酸[4-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸,CAS 905-99-7])以及二咖啡酰奎尼酸的组(包含1,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸[洋蓟素,CAS30964-13-7],3,4-二-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸[异绿原酸B,CAS 14534-61-3],3,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸[异绿原酸A,CAS 2450-53-5]和4,5-二-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸[异绿原酸C,CAS57378-72-0]。多元酚对于其非常好的抗氧化功效是已知的。
欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁例如能够从公司Schoenenberger获得(使用信息:供成年人和大于12岁的青少年使用的欧蓍草纯天然药用植物汁,Walther SchoenenbergerPflanzensaftwerk GmbH&Co.KG,Magstadt(德国),2014年7月)。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁由新鲜的、在花期收获的欧蓍草草药制成。其可在胃肠区域中轻度痉挛性不适、包括肠胃气胀的情况下和在食欲不振的情况下作为传统的植物药品在市场上销售以用于口服。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁是褐色的、透明至轻微乳白色的液体,并且通常含有在94.5-96.5重量%之间的水和3.5-5.5重量%的干残渣。
欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物例如能够基于欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁通过浓缩方法制造。例如,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物通过浓缩由公司Schoenenberger的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁制造。然而清楚的是,能够使用任何欧蓍草提取物,尤其是欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁。
如根据在分析化学中的定义,术语“干残渣”或“干燥物质”用于物质,例如欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁或欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在干燥后残留的无水和/或溶剂的份额。干燥在此基本上完整地进行,意即,被分析的物质,例如欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁或欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的残留的水和/或溶剂含量优选≤1重量%,优选≤0.5重量%,≤0.1重量%,更优选≤0.01重量%。干燥在此优选通过温和的方法进行,例如通过比水、溶剂或可能溶剂混合物的沸点略微升高的温度,例如≤10℃、≤5℃或≤2℃。用于干燥的替选的可能性例如在于冷冻干燥、在局部真空下的干燥、使用干燥剂的干燥或上述方法的组合。
如在本文中所使用的术语“提取物”涉及由植物物质构成的,尤其由欧蓍草构成的增稠的或干燥的萃取物。因此,提取物是液体。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁是这种提取物。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁优选包含≤8重量%的干残渣,优选≤7.5重量%的干残渣,≤7重量%的干残渣,≤6.5重量%的干残渣,≤6重量%的干残渣或≤5.5重量%的干残渣。更优选地,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁含有3.5重量%至5.5重量%的干残渣。
术语“浓缩物”如在本文中使用的那样涉及具有相对低份额的附加的填料和/或溶剂的固体或液体。因此,与欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁相比,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的特征在于较高的干残渣。欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物具有≥10重量%的干残渣,优选≥15重量%的干残渣,≥20重量%的干残渣,≥25重量%的干残渣,≥30重量%的干残渣,≥40重量%的干残渣,≥50重量%的干残渣,≥60重量%的干残渣,≥70重量%的干残渣,≥80重量%的干残渣或≥90重量%的干残渣。浓缩物柔和地产生,意即,与提取物相比,组分的基本上相同的成分谱相应地保持不变地浓缩(根据干残渣浓缩物除以干残渣提取物的比值)。组分的基本上相同的成分谱涉及组分在浓缩物中的±10重量%的,优选在浓缩物中的±5重量%的,更优选在浓缩物中的±2重量%的个体偏差。例如,如果欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁具有8重量%的干残渣,而欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物具有≥10重量%的干残渣,那么浓缩物中的各个组分或内含物的浓度至少以10除以8的倍数提高地存在。
固态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,以欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的100重量%计,包括10-100重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-90重量%的水和0-90重量%的载体物质,以欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的100重量%计。优选地,固态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物直接地,意即无需预先浓缩,在可选地添加在本文中提及的载体材料的情况下制成。这种固态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物包括10-100重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-10重量%的水和0-90重量%的载体物质。更优选地,固态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物包括10-50重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-10重量%的水和50-90重量%的载体物质。
液态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物优选通过反渗透和随后添加液态载体物质制造,并且优选包括10-70重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-90重量%的水,0-90重量%的液态载体和0-5%的防腐剂和/或稳定剂。一种/多种可选的液态载体物质如在下文中详述和/或例如包括甘油,丙二醇,丁二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,2-戊二醇,1,2-己二醇以及可选地在浓缩后添加防腐剂和/或稳定剂。
优选的是如下液态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,其包括10-50重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-90重量%的水,0-50重量%的载体物质,0-3重量%的防腐剂和/或稳定剂。固态的或液态的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的优点在于简单的且低成本的制造、良好的可储存性、简单的可处理性和可计量性以及如果期望的话还有标准化。
(液态的或固态的)欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在化妆品组合物中,尤其在用于清洁和护理皮肤和头发的化妆品组合物中的计量为0.0001-10重量%,优选为0.001-5重量%,并且特别优选为0.005-3重量%。
优选地,化妆品组合物具有0.0001-10重量%,优选0.001-5重量%,并且特别优选0.005-3重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,其中所述浓缩物可借助于冷冻干燥、喷射干燥或反渗透获得。所述化妆品组合物还包含在示例5、表格12、组合物1-11中提及的内含物组合之一,其中除了欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物以外,相应的内含物的各自的量能够自由选择。清楚的是,所使用的芳香物质组合不限制于芳香油PFO1或PFO2,而是也能够使用本领域技术人员熟悉的其它芳香物质或芳香物质组合。
替选地能够存在凝胶牙膏。所述凝胶牙膏同样具有0.0001-10重量%,优选0.001-5重量%,并且特别优选0.005-3重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,其中所述浓缩物能够借助于冷冻干燥、喷射干燥或反渗透获得。该组合物还包含在示例5、表格13、组合物I、II和III中提及的内含物组合之一,其中除了欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物以外,相应的内含物的各自的量能够自由选择。
替选地,能够存在即可使用的含氟漱口水。所述含氟漱口水同样具有0.0001-10重量%,优选0.001-5重量%,并且特别优选0.005-3重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,其中所述浓缩物能够借助于冷冻干燥、喷射干燥或反渗透获得。该组合物还包含在示例5、表格14、组合物I、II和III中提及的内含物组合之一,其中除了欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物之外,相应的内含物的各自的量能够自由地选择。
替选地,根据本发明的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物由所提及的内含物构成。在这种情况下,不存在其它内含物。因此,根据本发明的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,以欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的100重量%计,包括10-100重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-90重量%的水和0-90重量%的载体。物质。优选地,根据本发明的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物由10-50重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-50重量%的水和0-50重量%的载体物质;10-20重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-80重量%的水和0-80重量%的载体物质;10-15重量%的草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,0-85重量%的水和0-85重量%的载体物质构成。更优选地,根据本发明的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物由10-15重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣以及85-95重量%的水和/或载体物质构成。
根据一个实施方式,一种/多种载体物质是固态载体物质,尤其是麦芽糊精、糊精或环糊精,和/或是液态载体物质,尤其是甘油、丙二醇、丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,2-己二醇或1,2-辛二醇。
载体物质或载体材料的添加在一定范围内允许影响产品特性(例如可流动性)和/或标准化。所产生的基质颗粒此外也对不稳定的内含物提供一定的保护。优选地,将载体物质选择为,使得其在浓缩的范围中使用。如果例如借助于喷射干燥进行浓缩,那么能够使用固态载体物质,尤其是下述多糖之一作为适宜的材料。所述多糖又能够例如在化妆品组合物中用作为载体物质,所述载体物质给予组合物所期望的特性。更优选地,在浓缩的范围中使用载体物质,所述载体物质以期望的剂型使用,例如在化妆品组合物、药用组合物、食品组合物或膳食补充剂中使用。
清楚的是,能够含有一种或多种载体物质。所述载体物质能够是固态或液态的(在25℃和1013mbar的情况下)。能够使用单一物质或物质混合物作为载体物质。
有利的固态载体物质是经降解的淀粉、化学或物理改性的淀粉、改性的纤维素、阿拉伯胶、加蒂胶、黄蓍胶、卡拉叶胶、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、藻酸盐、果胶、菊粉或黄原胶。通常能够使用多糖,例如麦芽糊精、糊精、氧化淀粉或乳糖、胶原蛋白、气相白炭黑(例如)、腰果胶、阿拉伯树胶等。在本发明的范围中也能够使用由上述固态载体物质构成的混合物。特别优选的固态载体物质是麦芽糊精。
淀粉的分解程度通常由参数“右旋糖当量”(DE)表示,对于长链葡萄糖聚合物,其可以具有极限值0,对于纯葡萄糖,其能够具有极限值100。具有在5至20的范围中,优选在15至20的范围中的多糖,尤其是麦芽糖糊精再次是特别有利的。
优选的液态载体物质的实例是乙醇、双醋精、异丙醇、甘油、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘油三醋精及其混合物。
在根据本发明的优选的(优选经喷射干燥的)浓缩物中的有利的载体物质尤其是二氧化硅(硅酸、硅胶)、碳水化合物和/或碳水化合物聚合物(多糖)、环糊精、淀粉、降解的淀粉(淀粉水解物)、化学或物理改性的淀粉、改性的纤维素、阿拉伯胶、加蒂胶、黄蓍胶、卡拉叶胶、角叉菜胶,瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、藻酸盐、果胶、菊粉或黄原胶。优选的淀粉水解物是麦芽糊精和糊精。特别优选的载体物质是二氧化硅、阿拉伯树胶和麦芽糖糊精,其中在此,具有在5至20范围内的DE值的麦芽糖糊精是优选的。
优选的或特别优选的载体物质还具有下述优点:所述载体物质是无味或基本无味的。因此,根据本发明的浓缩物能够在许多不同的产品类型和制剂中使用,因为这些预产物——除了要掩盖的、令人不快的味道印象之外——不影响或不显著影响其它感官特征,尤其是香味和味道特征。
根据一个实施方式,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物还包括防腐剂和/或稳定剂。
能够使用任何数量的防腐剂和/或稳定剂。
在本发明的范围中使用的防腐剂通常具有多种、优选全部下文提到的特性。它们在毒理学上是安全的、是良好皮肤耐受的、是稳定的、是基本上完全无气味的、并且可简单地且低成本地(意即由可简单得到的反应物)制造。防腐剂还能够具有抗微生物特性。适宜的防腐剂例如能够在WO2006/045743中得知。
适宜的防腐剂的示例包括苯甲酸、苯甲酸的酯和盐、山梨酸及其盐、丙酸及其盐、水杨酸及其盐、多醛和多聚甲醛、2-羟基联苯醚及其盐、2-锌磺基吡啶-N-氧化物、无机亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐、碘酸钠、氯丁醇、4-乙基汞(II)-5-氨基-1,3-双(2-羟基苯甲酸)、其酯和盐、脱氧乙酸、甲酸、1,6-双(4-甲脒基-2-溴代苯氧基)-正己烷及其盐、乙基汞(II)-硫代水杨酸的钠盐、苯基汞及其盐、10-十一碳烯酸及其盐、5-氨基-1,3-双(2-乙基己基)-5-甲基六氢嘧啶、5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二恶烷、2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇、2,4-二氯苄醇、N-(4-氯苯基)-N'-(3,4-二氯苯基)脲、4-氯间甲酚、2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚、4-氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚、1,1'-亚甲基-双(3-(1-羟甲基-2,4-二氧杂咪唑啉-5-基)脲)、聚(六亚甲基双胍)盐酸盐、2-苯氧基乙醇、六亚甲基四胺、1(3-氯烯丙基)-3,5,7-三氮杂-1-氮杂金刚烷酰氯、1(4-氯苯氧基)1(1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,3-二甲基-2-丁酮、1,3-双(羟甲基)-5,5-二甲基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮、苯甲醇、八溴环己烷、1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷、2,2'-亚甲基双(6-溴-4-氯苯酚)、溴氯苯、由5-氯-2-甲基-3(2H)异噻唑啉酮和具有氯化镁和硝酸镁的2-甲基-3(2H)异噻唑啉酮构成的混合物、2-苄基-4-氯苯酚、2-氯乙酰胺、洗必泰、醋酸洗必泰、葡萄糖酸洗必泰、盐酸洗必泰、1-苯氧基丙-2-醇、N-烷基(C12-C22)三甲基溴化铵和氯化物、4,4-二甲基-1,3-恶唑烷、N-羟甲基-N-(1,3-二(羟甲基)-2,5-二氧杂咪唑啉-4-基)-N'-羟甲基脲、1,6-双(4-甲脒基-苯氧基)-正己烷及其盐、戊二醛、5-乙基-1-氮杂-3,7-二氧杂双环(3.3.0)辛烷、3-(4-氯苯氧基)-1,2-丙二醇、季铵盐、烷基-(C8-C18)-二甲基苄基氯化铵、烷基-(C8-C18)-二甲基苄基溴化铵、烷基-(C8-C18)-二甲基苄基糖精铵盐,苄基半缩甲醛,邻甲基苯甲基-5-醇,羟甲基氨基乙酸钠或羟甲基氨基乙酸钠、以及上述物质的混合物。
其它适宜的防腐剂包括对羟基苯甲酸酯。对羟基苯甲酸酯是对羟基苯甲酸的酯,例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯及其混合物。对羟基苯甲酸酯能够单独地或组合地用作为防腐剂,尤其在化妆品和药用组合物中使用。在上述组合物中对羟基苯甲酸酯的优选的组合包括18重量%的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和0.02重量%的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯。对羟基苯甲酸酯具有抗微生物和杀真菌作用。
此外,根据本发明在化妆品中常用的防腐剂或防腐剂添加剂是适宜的,例如二溴二氰基丁烷(2-溴-2-溴甲基戊二腈)、3-碘-2-丙烯酰基丁基氨基甲酸酯、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇、咪唑烷基脲、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、2-氯乙酰胺、苯扎氯铵、苯甲醇和甲醛释放剂。
另外,苯羟基烷基醚,尤其是以名称苯氧基乙醇已知的化合物,由于其对大量微生物的杀菌和杀真菌作用而适合用作为防腐剂。
稳定剂在本发明的范围中用于:保护根据本发明的组合物免受外部环境影响。这种环境影响例如包括空气中的氧和光入射,尤其是阳光。通过空气中的氧造成的氧化作用例如能够通过适宜的抗氧化剂来抵消。光稳定剂能够用于抵消光入射的有害影响。
长期以来已知一些苯甲酸及其盐的保护作用。它们此外在食品中尤其为了微生物稳定化在酸性应用中使用,并且作为E 210(苯甲酸)、E211(苯甲酸钠)、E212(苯甲酸钾)和E213(苯甲酸钙)已知。同样,编号为E 214(对羟基苯甲酸乙酯)、E215(对羟基苯甲酸乙酯钠)、E218(对羟基苯甲酸甲酯)和E219(对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠)的不同的对羟基苯甲酸酯类(羟基苯甲酸酯)在食品中用于改进微生物稳定性(BGBI.I 2000,1537-1545)。这种物质类别也广泛地用在化妆品中,以用于改进(微生物)稳定性的目的。
适宜的稳定剂此外例如能够从DE 299 24 656、DE 699 17 811、DE 696 24 799、EP 2 952 103和DE 695 18 581中得出。
根据一个实施方式,在<60℃的温度下进行欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁的浓缩。
浓缩能够在常压(1013mbar)或部分负压下进行,例如100至1000mbar,优选200至500mbar。优选地,在<55℃,更优选在<50℃、<45℃、<40℃、<35℃、<30℃、<25℃,还更优选小于<10℃、<0℃或<20℃的温度下对欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁进行浓缩。由于对浓缩物的温和处理,部分负压与低温的组合是特别优选的。
根据一个实施方式,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁的浓缩通过选自冷冻干燥、喷射干燥和反渗透或其组合的浓缩方法进行。这些方法在现有技术中是众所周知的。
已经证明的是,尤其由于温和地浓缩用于制造根据本发明的水基提取物/汁浓缩物的水溶液,反渗透是特别有利的。也称为超滤或逆向渗透的反渗透通常借助由PAN(聚丙烯腈)、PES(聚醚砜)和/或PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)构成的膜执行,其中在压力为15至50bar,优选15至40bar,更优选15至35bar,并且温度为≤60℃,优选≤50℃、≤40℃,更优选≤30℃的情况下,NaCl排除率≥90%,优选≥95%、≥97%、更优选为99%,工作流为8l/m2/h至34l/m2/h,优选8l/m2/h至25l/m2/h、8l/m2/h至20l/m2/h压力,更优选为8l/m2/h至15l/m2/h。
此外有利的是,保护这些浓缩物免受微生物污染。如上所述,这能够例如通过降低pH值和/或添加适宜的防腐剂来实现。
冷冻干燥,也称为冷干、冻干或升华干燥,是非常温和的方法,然而是成本密集且相对耗费的。冷冻干燥基于升华的物理工艺:在该工艺中,冰晶直接升华成气态,而在其之间不出现液相。在当前情况下,即使不添加防腐剂,冷冻干燥也得到可良好储存的固体。用于冷冻干燥的方法例如能够从GB 1 447 988和DE 198 17 177中得出。
在喷射干燥中,例如在流化层中,借助于喷雾器将待干燥的物料引入到热气流中,所述热气流在很短的时间内(几秒钟直至几分之一秒中)将其干燥成细粉。喷射干燥能够选择性地借助添加上述载体物质进行,所述载体物质例如为麦芽糊精、环糊精等。在此的优点在于,其能够涉及可低成本地执行的既定方法。例如,在较高的温度下,例如200-400℃,优选250-270℃,仅需要非常短暂的暴露,例如在几秒钟内,优选小于3秒或小于1秒。获得固体,所述固体无需添加防腐剂也能够良好地储存。
优选的是,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物可通过根据本发明的方法获得。
根据一个实施方式提供化妆品组合物、药用组合物、食品组合物或膳食补充剂。药用组合物、食品组合物或膳食补充剂分别包括根据本发明的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物。化妆品组合物包含欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁或根据本发明的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物。
根据本发明的浓缩物在人类化妆品和护理中,尤其是皮肤和头发护理中具有广泛的应用领域,但是也能够在药理学上使用,以及能够在食品和膳食补充剂中使用。
化妆品组合物尤其能够是皮肤化妆品、头发化妆品、皮肤病理学和卫生组合物。尤其,将根据本发明的浓缩物用于皮肤和/或头发化妆品。
根据本发明的头发或皮肤护理组合物或制剂优选以乳剂、分散体,悬浮液的形式,以含水表面活性剂制剂、乳液、化妆水、霜、油膏、软膏、凝胶、颗粒、粉末、棒状制剂的形式存在,例如为口红、泡沫、气雾剂或喷雾剂。这样的剂型非常适合于局部制剂。水包油乳剂和油包水乳剂或微乳剂考虑用作为乳剂。
在通常情况下,将头发或皮肤化妆品制剂用于施用在皮肤或头发上。“外用制剂”在此应理解为下述制剂,所述制剂适合用于,将有效物质以细密分布的形式、例如以可通过皮肤吸收的形式施加到皮肤上。为此例如适用的是含水和含水-含酒精溶液、喷雾剂、泡沫、泡沫气雾剂、软膏、含水凝胶、O/W或W/O型的乳剂、微乳剂或化妆品棒状制剂。
化妆品组合物能够包括一种(或多种)载体。作为载体优选的是水、气体、水基液体、油、凝胶、乳剂或微乳剂、分散体或其混合物。所提到的载体显示出良好的皮肤耐受性。对于局部制剂特别有利的是含水凝胶、乳剂或微乳剂。所述载体物质也能够以均相剂型的形式或以乳剂的形式存在。所述乳剂在此能够是水包油、油包水或多相乳剂。所述乳剂能够在宽的稠度范围内使用,包括流质的化妆水(所述化妆水同样能够作为喷雾剂或气雾剂施用)、霜状化妆水、轻质和重质的霜等。其它适宜的载体物质包括无水的液态溶剂,例如油和酒精,单相的水基液态溶剂(例如水醇溶剂体系)、无水的固体和半固体(例如凝胶和棒),以及水基的凝胶和泡沫体系。适合用于本发明的范围的载体物质和载体体系的实例例如能够是“Sun Products Formulary”,Cosmetics&Toiletries,第105卷,第122-139页(1990年12月);和“Sun Products Formulary”,Cosmetics&Toiletries,第102卷,第117-136页(1987年3月);Figueroa等人的US 4,960,764;和Fukuda等人的US 4,254,105。
根据本发明的教导还包括在本文中所述的浓缩物在药用组合物中的应用。所述药用组合物能够用作为药物,所述药物用于治疗个体,优选哺乳动物,尤其是人。所述药用组合物通常包括药理学上可接受的赋形剂与根据本发明的浓缩物,以及必要时一种或多种其它有效物质。
所述组合物例如能够以口服的和经皮肤的途径施用。适合的药用剂型的实例是固态剂型,例如散剂,粉剂,颗粒剂,片剂,锭剂,香囊,扁囊剂,糖衣丸,胶囊,如硬胶囊和软胶囊,半固态剂型,例如药膏、霜、水凝胶、糊剂或贴剂,以及液态剂型,例如溶液,乳剂,尤其水包油乳剂,以及悬浮液,例如化妆水。
在制造根据本发明的组合物时,通常将根据本发明要使用的组分或有效物质与赋形剂混合或稀释。赋形剂能够是固态的、半固态的或液态的材料,其用作为用于包含在浓缩物中的有效物质的媒介物、载体或介质。(一种或多种同时包含的根据本发明的有效物质)的有效物质含量在此能够在宽的范围内变化
适宜的赋形剂例如包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、树胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆和甲基纤维素。此外,所述剂型能够包含药理学上可接受的载体或常用的助剂,如润滑剂,例如牛脂、硬脂酸镁和矿物油;润湿剂;乳化和悬浮剂;防腐剂,如羟基苯甲酸甲酯和羟基苯甲酸丙酯;抗氧化剂;抗刺激剂;螯合剂;涂布助剂;乳剂稳定剂;成膜剂;胶凝剂;气味掩蔽剂;矫味剂;树脂;水胶体;溶剂;增溶剂;中和剂;渗透促进剂;颜料;季铵化合物;加脂剂和超脂剂;软膏、霜或油性基质;硅树脂衍生物;铺展助剂;稳定剂;消毒剂;栓剂基质;片剂辅助物质,例如粘合剂、填充剂、润滑剂、崩解剂或包衣剂;推进剂;干燥剂;浑浊剂;增稠剂;蜡;软化剂;白油。一个与此相关的设计方案基于本领域专业知识,例如在Fiedler,H.P.,Lexikon derHilfsstoffe für Pharmazie,Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete,第四版,Aulendorf:ECV-Editio-Kantor-Verlag(出版社),1996,或Hager's Handbuch der PharmazeutischenPraxis,Springer Verlag(出版社),Heidelberg(海德堡)中示出。
在本发明的范围中原则上可行的并且通常有利的是,将根据本发明的或根据本发明要使用的植物鲜榨汁或浓缩物与另外的(其它)(有效)物质组合,所述物质例如选自:研磨剂、抗粉刺剂和皮脂减少剂、抗衰老剂、抗菌剂、抗脂肪团剂、抗头皮屑剂、抗炎剂、预防刺激剂、抗刺激剂(抗炎、预防刺激和抗刺激剂)、抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、收敛剂、防腐剂、抗静电剂、粘合剂、缓冲剂、载体材料、螯合剂、细胞刺激剂、清洁剂、护理剂、脱毛剂、表面活性物质、除臭剂和止汗剂、软化剂、乳化剂、酶、精油、驱虫剂、纤维、成膜剂、固定剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、用于防止泡沫的物质、泡沫促进剂、杀真菌剂、胶凝剂和凝胶形成剂、头发护理剂、头发定型剂、头发拉直剂、湿度调节剂(保湿、润湿和/或保水物质)、渗透剂、相容性溶质、漂白剂、增强剂、去污剂、光学增白剂、浸渍剂、抗污剂、减摩剂、润滑剂、保湿霜、软膏、浑浊剂、塑化剂、盖染剂、上光剂、增白剂、聚合物、粉末、蛋白质和蛋白质水解物、増脂剂、研磨剂、皮肤镇静剂、皮肤清洁剂、皮肤护理剂、皮肤修复剂(skin repair agents)、优选包含胆固醇和/或脂肪酸和/或神经酰胺和/或假神经酰胺、皮肤增白剂、皮肤保护剂、皮肤软化剂、皮肤清凉剂、优选在WO 2005/123101中提到的皮肤清凉剂、皮肤增温剂、紫外线吸收剂和紫外线滤光剂,优选在WO 2005/123101中提到的紫外线滤光剂、亚苄基-β-二羰基化合物,α-苯甲酰基肉桂腈、AhR受体拮抗剂、洗涤剂、柔软剂、助悬剂、皮肤鞣剂、增稠剂、维生素、提到的维生素、油、蜡和脂肪、磷脂、脂肪酸(饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和或多不饱和脂肪酸、α-羟基酸、多羟基脂肪酸)、液化剂、染料和颜色保护剂以及颜料、抗腐剂、芳香剂和气味剂以及芳香味化合物,优选在S.Arctander,Perfume and Flavor Chemicals,Eigenverlag(出版社),Montclair,NJ,1969和Surburg,Panten,Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials,第5版,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim 2006中详述的芳香味化合物,表面活性剂、动物提取物、酵母提取物、藻类或微藻类的提取物、电解质、液化剂、有机溶剂、头发生长调节剂(促进头发生长或抑制头发生长)和硅树脂和硅树脂衍生物,优选一种或多种皮肤清凉剂和/或一种或多种紫外线吸收剂或紫外线滤光剂。
因此,除了常用的添加剂或助剂以外,根据本发明的组合物也能够附加地包含(另外的)化妆品和/或皮肤病理学和/或药理学活性有效物质。
适宜的化妆品和/或皮肤病理学活性有效物质例如是染色的有效物质、皮肤和头发颜料沉着剂、着色剂、美黑剂、漂白剂、角蛋白硬化物质、抗微生物的有效物质、滤光的有效物质、起增生作用的物质、起角质分解和角质形成作用的物质、起去头皮屑作用的物质、消炎药、起角质化作用的物质、抗氧化剂或作为自由基清除剂的活性有效物质、皮肤增湿或保湿物质、増脂剂、抗红斑或抗过敏活性有效物质、支链脂肪酸,如18-甲基二十烷酸、及其混合物。
适合在非自然或用紫外线人工照射的情况下晒黑皮肤的人工皮肤增黑的有效物质;其例如是二羟基丙酮、四氧嘧啶和核桃壳提取物。适宜的角蛋白硬化物质通常是有效物质,如其也在止汗剂中使用那样,例如为硫酸铝钾、氢氯化铝、乳酸铝等。
用于破坏微生物或抑制其生长的抗微生物的有效物质。抗微生物的有效物质既用作为防腐剂,也用作为起除臭作用的物质,其可减少体味的产生或强度。其例如包括本领域技术人员已知的常用的防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸酯、咪唑烷基亚胺基脲、甲醛、山梨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸等。这种起除臭作用的物质例如是蓖麻油酸锌、三氯生、十一碳烯酸烷醇酰胺、柠檬酸三乙酯、洗必泰等。
用于制造头发化妆品或皮肤化妆品制剂的适宜的助剂和添加剂是本领域技术人员熟悉的并且能够从化妆品手册中获得,例如Schrader,,Grundlagen und Rezepturender Kosmetika,Hüthig Verlag(出版社),Heidelberg(海德堡),1989,ISBN 3-7785-1491-11。助剂和添加剂优选是化妆品和/或药理学上可接受的助剂。药理学上可接受的是在药学、食品技术和相关的区域的领域中已知的可应用的助剂,尤其是在相关的药典(例如DAB、Ph.Eur.、Bp.、NF)中列出的以及其它助剂,所述助剂的特性与生理学应用冲突。
适宜的助剂能够是:润滑剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和助悬剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、抗刺激剂、螯合剂、乳化稳定剂、成膜剂、胶凝剂、气味掩蔽剂、水胶体、溶剂、增溶剂、中和剂、渗透促进剂、颜料、季铵化合物、增脂剂和超脂剂、软膏基质、霜基质或油基质、硅树脂衍生物、稳定剂、灭菌剂、推进剂、干燥剂、浑浊剂、增稠剂、蜡、软化剂和白油。
其它适宜的添加剂选自:芳香油、头发聚合物、头发和皮肤调理剂、接枝聚合物、水溶性或可分散的含硅树脂的聚合物、光保护剂、漂白剂、护理剂、染色剂、着色剂,增黑剂、染料、增稠剂、保湿剂、増脂剂、胶原蛋白、蛋白水解物、脂质、抗氧化剂、消泡剂、抗静电剂、润肤剂、软化剂、过氧化物分解剂。
作为适宜的助剂和添加剂的实例是上文列出的抗氧化剂、过氧化物分解剂、增稠剂和上文列出的防腐剂。
过氧化物分解剂是可化学分解过氧化物,特别优选脂质过氧化物的化合物。实例包括吡啶-2-硫醇-3-羧酸,2-甲氧基-嘧啶羧酸,2-甲氧基吡啶羧酸,2-二甲基氨基-嘧啶羧酸,2-二甲基氨基-吡啶羧酸。
示例性的增稠剂是交联的聚丙烯酸及其衍生物,多糖及其衍生物,例如黄原胶、琼脂、藻酸盐或酪醇,纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素或羟羧甲基纤维素,脂肪醇、甘油单酸酯和脂肪酸、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。尤其使用非离子增稠剂。
除防腐剂外,也能够使用其它细菌抑制剂并且将其掺入到根据本发明的组合物中。有利的物质例如是2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚(氯苯酚)、1,6-二-(4-氯苯基联胍基)己烷(氯己定)、3,4,4'-三氯甲酰苯胺、季铵化合物、丁香油、薄荷油、百里香油、柠檬酸三乙酯、法尼醇(3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇)以及在专利公开文献DE 37 40186、DE 39 38 140、DE 42 04 321、DE 42 29 707、DE 43 09 372、DE-44 11664、DE 195 41967、DE 195 43 695、DE 195 43 696、DE 195 47 160、DE 196 02 108、DE 196 02 110、DE196 02 111、DE 196 31 003、DE 196 31 004和D-196 34 019以及专利文献DE 42 29 737、DE 42 37 081、DE 43 24 219、DE 44 29 467、DE 44 23 410和DE 195 16 705中描述的有效物质或有效物质组合。碳酸氢钠也能够有利地使用。同样,也能够使用抗微生物多肽。
同样能够包含滤光的有效物质。所述有效物质吸收在UV-B和/或UV-A范围内的UV辐射。适宜的UV滤光剂例如是2,4,6-三芳基-1,3,5-三嗪,其中芳基能够分别带有至少一个取代基,所述取代基优选选自羟基,烷氧基,尤其是甲氧基、烷氧基羰基,尤其是甲氧基羰基和乙氧基羰基,以及它们的混合物。此外适宜的是对氨基苯甲酸酯、肉桂酸酯、二苯甲酮、樟脑衍生物以及抑制UV辐射的颜料,如二氧化钛、滑石粉和氧化锌。
考虑任意的UV-A和UV-B滤光剂物质作为UV滤光剂物质。可列举实例:
根据本发明的化妆品和皮肤病理学制剂还能够有利地包含基于金属氧化物和/或其它难溶于水或不溶于水的金属化合物的阻断UV辐射的无机颜料,其选自:锌的氧化物(ZnO)、钛的氧化物(TiO2)、铁的氧化物(z.B.Fe2O3)、锆的氧化物(ZrO2)、硅的氧化物(SiO2)、锰的氧化物(例如MnO)、铝的氧化物(Al2O3)、铈的氧化物(例如Ce2O3)、相应的金属的混合氧化物以及由这些氧化物构成的混合物。
在化妆品或药用组合物中同样能够包含有适宜的补血物质。所述补血物质刺激皮肤的供血。对此的示例是精油,如山松提取物、薰衣草提取物、迷迭香提取物、杜松子提取物、七叶树提取物、桦木叶提取物、干草花提取物、乙酸乙酯、樟脑、薄荷脑、薄荷油、迷迭香提取物、桉树油等。
同样地,能够包含起角质层软化和角质层增生作用的物质。这种物质的实例包括水杨酸、巯基乙酸钙、巯基乙酸及其盐、硫磺等。适宜的去头屑有效物质例如是硫磺、聚乙二醇脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯硫、蓖麻油醇聚乙氧基硫磺、巯氧吡啶锌、巯氧吡啶铝等。
抵抗皮肤刺激的适宜的消炎药例如是尿囊素、甜没药醇、红没药醇、洋甘菊提取物、泛醇等。
化妆品或药理学上可接受的聚合物是例如阳离子的、两性的和中性的聚合物。适合的聚合物例如是根据INCI具有名称聚季铵盐的阳离子聚合物,例如是由乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N-乙烯基咪唑鎓盐构成的共聚物(Luviquat FC、Luviquat HM、Luviquat MS、LuviquatCare),例如由N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯构成的共聚物,其借助硫酸二乙酯季铵化(Luviquat PQ 11),由N-乙烯基己内酰胺/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N-乙烯基咪唑鎓盐构成的共聚物(Luviquat E Hold),阳离子纤维素衍生物(Polyquaternium-4和-10),丙烯酰胺共聚物(Polyquaternium-7)和壳聚糖。
适宜的阳离子(季铵化)聚合物还有Merquat(基于二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的聚合物)、Gafquat(通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与季铵化合物反应形成的季铵聚合物)、聚合物JR(具有阳离子基团的羟乙基纤维素)和基于植物的阳离子聚合物,例如瓜尔胶聚合物,如Rhodia公司的Jaguar品牌。
其它适宜的聚合物还有中性聚合物,如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、由N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙酸乙烯酯和/或丙酸乙烯酯构成的共聚物、聚硅氧烷、聚乙烯基己内酰胺和其它具有N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的共聚物、聚乙烯亚胺及其盐、聚乙烯胺及其盐、纤维素衍生物、聚天冬氨酸盐和它们的衍生物。所述聚合物例如包括Swing(聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙二醇的部分皂化的共聚物,BASF公司)。
适宜的聚合物也是非离子的、水溶性的或水分散性的聚合物或低聚物,例如聚乙烯基己内酰胺,例如Plus(BASF)或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及其共聚物,尤其是与乙烯基酯,如乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,例如VA 37(BASF),聚酰胺,例如基于衣康酸和脂族二胺,如其例如在DE-A-43 33 238中描述。
适宜的聚合物也是两性或两性离子聚合物,例如以名称Amphomer(NationalStarch)可获得的辛基丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯-甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯共聚以及两性离子聚合物,如其例如在德国专利申请DE 39 29 973、DE 21 50557、DE 28 17 369和DE 3708 451中公开的那样。丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵或丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸共聚物及其碱金属盐和铵盐是优选的两性离子聚合物。其它适宜的两性离子聚合物是甲基丙烯酰基乙基甜菜碱/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,其能够以名称Amersette(AMERCHOL)商购,和由甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、N,N-甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯和丙烯酸构成的共聚物(Jordapon(D))。适宜的聚合物也是非离子的、含硅氧烷的、水溶性的或可分散的聚合物,例如聚醚硅氧烷,如(Goldschmidt公司)或Besi(Wacker公司)。
本发明的另一主题涉及含有根据本发明的浓缩物的食物或膳食补充剂。
如果批量生产的产品是直接添加浓缩物的食物,那么其涉及任意类型的食品。例如,焙烤食品、含酒精的或不含酒精的饮料、果味汽水、(碳酸)等渗饮料、(碳酸)清凉饮料、花蜜、汽酒、水果和蔬菜汁、水果或蔬菜汁制剂和乳制品。优选地,其涉及在制备时不必加热的食品。
如果产品是食品补充剂,那么其通常在不使用另外的添加剂的条件下使用,其中除了纯包装材料以外。一个优选的应用方式在此为大胶囊或微胶囊。大胶囊优选由明胶构成或者是含有多糖或糊精作为基质的经喷射干燥的产品。
根据一个实施方式,化妆品组合物或药用组合物还包含0.01-10重量%的皮肤舒缓剂和/或抗氧化剂。
适用于局部组合物的皮肤舒缓剂或润肤剂的实例包括甜没药醇、尿囊素、薄荷醇、蔗糖、积雪草提取物、甘草提取物、法尼醇、红茶提取物、锦葵提取物、茉莉花提取物、迷迭香酸和含迷迭香酸的植物提取物、燕麦提取物、生姜提取物、[6]-姜酮酚、金缕梅提取物、金盏花提取物、山金车提取物、松果菊提取物、氢化聚异丁烯、C-12-C15醇苯甲酸酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、矿物油、羊毛脂和羊毛脂衍生物、甘油三酸酯、例如椰子油、鲸蜡硬脂醇、鲸蜡醇、棕榈酸异丙酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、PPG-2肉豆蔻基丙酸酯、二甲聚硅氧烷、甲硅油、凡士林和其它本领域技术人员熟悉的皮肤舒缓剂。
抗氧化剂优选选自氨基酸(例如甘氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸)及其衍生物,咪唑(例如尿烷酸)及其衍生物,肽例如D,L-肌氨酸、D-肌肽、L-肌肽及其衍生物(例如鹅油醛),类胡萝卜素、胡萝卜素(例如β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素)及其衍生物,绿原酸及其衍生物,硫辛酸及其衍生物(例如二氢硫辛酸),硫代葡萄糖,丙基硫氧嘧啶和其它硫醇(例如硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、胱胺及其糖基、N-乙酰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、戊基、丁基和月桂基、棕榈酸、油基、y-亚油酰基、胆固醇酯和甘油酯)及其盐,二月桂基硫代二丙酸酯,二硬脂基硫代二丙酸酯,硫代二丙酸及其衍生物(酯、醚、肽、脂质、核苷酸、核苷和盐)以及亚磺酰亚胺化合物(例如丁硫氨酸亚砜、高半胱氨酸亚砜、丁硫酮、五-、六-、庚硫代亚砜亚胺),特别在非常小的耐受剂量下(例如pmol至umol/kg的范围),此外(金属)螯合剂(例如d-羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白),o-羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸),腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA及其衍生物、不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物(例如v-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸),叶酸及其衍生物,泛醌和泛喹诺夫及其衍生物,维生素C及其衍生物(例如抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、镁抗坏血酸磷酸酯、抗坏血酸乙酸酯),生育酚和衍生物(例如,乙酸维生素E、生育三烯酚),维生素A和衍生物(维生素A棕榈酸酯)以及苯酚树脂的松柏基苯甲酸酯,芸香酸及其衍生物,o糖基芦丁,阿魏酸,糠叉基葡萄糖醇,肌肽,丁基羟基甲苯,丁基羟基茴香醚,去甲二氢愈创木脂酸,去甲二氢愈创木酸,三羟基丁二苯甲酮,[6]-对羟基苯甲酸,4-羟基苯乙酮、尿酸及其衍生物、甘露糖及其衍生物、锌及其衍生物(如ZnO,ZnSO4),硒及其衍生物(如硫代蛋氨酸),芪及其衍生物(如氧化二苯乙烯,反式二苯乙烯)。
根据一个实施方式提供欧蓍草用于刺激热休克蛋白(HSP)和/或抗微生物肽(AMP)在皮肤细胞中的表达的应用。
人类皮肤是边界器官并且能够提供保护以尤其抵抗环境影响。人类皮肤持续地暴露于大量潜在有害微生物中。虽然存在微生物的所述威胁,但是皮肤对感染的非常有抵抗力。在过去的十年中进行的不同的研究示出存在于皮肤中的化学防御系统,所述化学防御系统基于抗微生物的肽和蛋白质(AMP)的产生。AMP代表构成先天免疫力的主要神经系统的多组小分子(12-100个氨基酸残基)。其提供抵御病原体的第一道防线。对危害进行响应地产生的AMP能够在短时间内通过其广谱的有效抗菌活性提供广谱的微生物,例如细菌、真菌、病毒或原生动物。AMP在多个暴露的组织或表面处,例如皮肤、眼睛、耳朵、嘴、呼吸道、肺、肠和泌尿道中被辨识出。在人类皮肤中,它们能够通过驻留的皮肤细胞和侵润免疫细胞主要地或以对危害进行响应的方式产生,所述危害例如为感染、创伤、伤口愈合或慢性炎症。AMP在人类皮肤中主要由角化细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、皮脂细胞或汗腺产生。在人类皮肤的多种疾病中,在疾病的严重程度和AMP产生的水平之间存在相互关联关系。患有特应性皮炎的患者的皮肤损伤示出防御素和抗菌肽LL-37的降低的表达。AMP的升高的水平此外还与烧伤和慢性伤口关联。与此相反,AMP的过表达能够导致针对皮肤感染的提高的保护,如在患有牛皮癣和酒渣鼻以及炎症性皮肤感染的患者中观察到的那样,这种感染很少引起重复感染。包括α和β科的防御素是哺乳动物中最大的且被研究最多的AMP科之一。所述防御素由多种皮肤和骨髓推导出的细胞产生,相对于革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌、病毒,真菌和一些原生动物具有广谱的抗微生物活性,并且为先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。β防御素是具有抗微生物活性的阳离子肽,其能够防御包括皮肤、胃肠道、泌尿道和呼吸道的上皮表面。人类的β防御素1肽(hBD-1)由DEFB1基因座编码,并且能够相对于革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌起作用。在还原二硫键之后,hBD-1成为相对于机会性病原真菌白色念珠菌有效的AMP。其示出与LL-37或溶菌酶相对于金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的协同作用。
S100蛋白是具有低分子量的阳离子蛋白并且通过两个钙结合的EF-手基序表征。其参与大量细胞过程,例如钙相关的细胞信号传导、细胞生长和相对于微生物的防御。S100钙结合蛋白A8(S100A8)是人体中通过S100A8基因编码的蛋白。S100A8(钙调蛋白A)和S100A9(钙调蛋白B)在表皮角化细胞中形成抗微生物的二聚体复合物,所述二聚体复合物也称为钙卫蛋白。已经证实:S100A8/S100A9复合物同样相对于细菌具有抗微生物活性,例如大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、痰液钩端螺旋体和伯氏疏螺旋体,同样相对于真菌假丝酵母具有抑菌活性。
热休克蛋白(HSP)是防止细胞死亡的分子伴侣。有机体和细胞通过选择性上调HSP对不同的逆境胁迫,例如环境引起的、代谢的和病理生理的应激做出反应。所述热休克蛋白借助于其在热激后(在正常情况下在比通常高3-5℃的温度下一小时或更长时间)提高的表达来识别。通过下述事实支持HSP保护细胞免受热损害这一假设:1)HSP表达与耐热性(相对于热杀灭性的阻力)的发展和下降刚好并行地进行;2)HSP的突变或失活损害细胞在高温下存活的能力;3)HSP的过表达通常能够改进细胞承受高温的能力。通过肉桂酸衍生物,尤其是绿原酸在人体角化细胞和NIH/3T3成纤维细胞中诱导热休克蛋白HSP70,这例如在US9265743中描述。
所述蛋白质基于其分子量分类为六个主要科,意即Hsp100、Hsp90、Hsp70、Hsp60、Hsp40和小的热休克蛋白(sHsp)。sHsps具有12-43kDa的亚基分子量。防止蛋白质和多肽聚集、尤其是在引起细胞蛋白质展开的逆境胁迫下聚集的能力,是许多sHSP的最重要的功能。人类sHSP关于其热诱导的表达、组织和细胞内定位、结构、底物偏好和功能方面具有完全不同的特征。由于这种差异,人类sHSP具有用于相对于急性和不同类型的慢性的(与疾病相关的)应激进行防护的不同的能力。
HSP27属于小的热休克蛋白(sHSP)之一。其是ATP独立的分子伴侣,所述分子伴侣能够相对于蛋白质的应激诱导的聚集进行保护。Hsp27在完好的皮肤中主要存在于表皮的颗粒和棘细胞层中。
根据一个实施方式提供欧蓍草用于提高皮肤的耐热性的应用。
皮肤的耐热性涉及可诱导的现象,其中细胞在热应激之后相对于其余的伤害的或致命的热负荷变得耐抗。从Maytin E.等人的(J.lnvest.Dermatol1990;95:635-42;J.BiolChem.1992;267:231 89-96;J.lnvest Dermatol 1995;104[4]:448-55,FarageMA.Textbook of Aging Skin.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010)中能够得出,人类角化细胞的热负荷不仅引起耐热性和热休克蛋白合成的增加,而且也引起相对于其它加荷的刺激、如重金属、低氧具有不敏感性,并且令人意外地也引起相对于UVB引发的伤害的抵抗。
根据一个实施方式,在根据本发明的应用中,欧蓍草被用作为欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁或化妆品组合物。
根据一个实施方式,在根据本发明的应用中,以化妆品组合物的100重量%计,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在化妆品组合物中的剂量为0.0001-10重量%。
优选地,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在化妆品组合物中,尤其在用于清洁和护理皮肤和头发的化妆品组合物中的剂量为0.001-5重量%,并且更优选为0.005-3重量%。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的药用组合物用作为药物。
根据本发明的药用组合物同样能够用于癌症预防和对皮肤疾病的治疗。
已知的是,在疾病如特应性皮炎、光化性角化病、皮肤癌的早期阶段、牛皮癣、酒渣鼻和其它特征在于屏障损坏和慢性炎症的皮肤疾病的情况下,在相应的皮肤区域中的热休克蛋白合成减少并且皮肤的修复机制受到干扰。在角化细胞受控地凋亡中发生干扰并且免疫防御减弱。与所述过程并行地越来越多地形成炎性酶,如基质金属蛋白酶。皮肤衰老和发炎的特征在于,皮肤的修复机制受到干扰和削弱,并且炎症介质越来越多地释放。
尤其,根据本发明的药用组合物能够用于避免和/或减轻在癌症治疗期间的皮肤损伤。根据本发明的药用组合物的这种使用基于欧蓍草的、尤其是欧蓍草的内含物的之前发现的作用方式,其引起皮肤中的耐热性的提高。能够假设,该效果基于热休克蛋白在皮肤细胞中的表达。所述效果能够用于,在癌症治疗,尤其皮肤癌的放疗期间,保护健康的皮肤细胞免受药物和/或辐射引起的影响。欧蓍草的抗微生物特性还支持这种对人类皮肤的保护作用。
根据一个实施方案,在欧蓍草或药用组合物用作为药物的根据本发明的应用中,局部地施用到皮肤和/或头发上。
术语“具有”或“含有”在本发明的范围中表示开放式列举,并且除了明确提及的组分或步骤以外,不排除其它组分或步骤。如果在本发明的范围中使用术语“具有”或“含有”描述组合物,那么这明确地包括由所提及的组分构成或基本上由所提及的组分构成的组合物。
术语“由...构成”或“由……组成”在本发明的范围中表示封闭式列举,并且除了明确提及的组分或步骤以外,不包括任何其它组分或步骤。
术语“基本上由...构成”或“基本上由……组成”在本发明的范围中表示部分封闭的列举,并且表示下述组合物,所述组合物除了所提及的组分以外,仅还具有不会实质性改变组合物特性的其它组分,或者以不会实质性改变组合物的特性的量存在。
具体实施方式
本发明的其它特征和优点从下面对优选的实施例的说明中得出。
示例:
在实例中给出的所有以%为单位的说明均涉及以重量%为单位的说明,除非另做明确说明。
示例1:通过冷冻干燥制造欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物
将100ml的由在德国栽培的、开花的草药制成的欧蓍草(Achilleamillefolium,西洋蓍草)鲜榨植物汁(Schoenenberger公司)冷冻,并且随后冷冻干燥。获得5.3g的干汁1a作为棕绿色固体,并且分析其组成:
表格1:
*量化为绿原酸
将3个另外批次的分别为100ml的欧蓍草(Achillea millefolium,西洋蓍草)鲜榨植物汁(Schoenenberger公司)冷冻,并且随后冷冻干燥。对所获得的干汁1b-1d进行称重并且对单咖啡酰奎尼酸和二咖啡酰奎尼酸和芦丁的总和进行分析:
表格2:
*量化为绿原酸
n.d.=未确定
结果示出,4个批次的欧蓍草(Achillea millefolium,西洋蓍草)鲜榨植物汁(Schoenenberger公司)平均含有4.7±0.4的干残渣。
冷冻干燥的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物平均仅还含有6.6±1.0%的水、9.6%±1.3%的单咖啡酰奎尼酸的总和、4.5±1.0%的二咖啡酰奎尼酸的总和,和0.3±0.1%的芦丁。
示例2:通过喷射干燥制造欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物
将1l的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁(Schoenenberger公司,干燥物质含量5.3%)与150克的麦芽糊精DE 17-20混合并且喷射干燥。得到米色的、自由流动的粉末,所述粉末由75%的麦芽糊精和25%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁构成。对喷射干燥的浓缩物的单-和二咖啡酰奎尼酸的总和和芦丁进行分析:
表格3:
*量化为绿原酸
分析结果示出,这些内含物在喷射干燥时保留并且未发生降解。
示例3:欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物对热休克蛋白在皮肤细胞中的基因表达的影响
将新生儿人体表皮角质形成细胞(nHEK)以0.2x 106细胞/凹部的密度接种在具有6个凹部的微量滴定板中,并且在表皮细胞专用培养基(EpiLife)中培养。在24小时的温育时间之后,将示例1中的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物以0.005重量%的浓度施加在表皮细胞专用培养基中并且温育24小时。
mRNA的分离和纯化借助于Qiagen公司的Mini Kit进行。用50μl的不含RNase的水将mRNA从色谱柱上洗脱。以分光光度法对分离出的RNA的纯度进行量化和确定。所述纯度经由吸光度E260/E280和E260/E230的比值来评估。根据制造商的说明(RNA-to-cDNA Kit,AppliedBiosystems)将RNA转录成cDNA。转录量为每6个凹部0.5-1μg。将转录的样品立即在PCR中进一步处理或在-20℃下存储直至继续进行实验。
表格4:用于逆转录的转录条件
在下一步骤中进行qRT-PCR。对于qRT-PCR,将cDNA解冻并且与FastUniversal PCR Master Mix(2x)(Life Technologies,(生命科技))混合。具有96个凹部的板(Life Technologies,Darmstadt(生命科技,达姆施塔特))能够个体地配备有期望的引物。将体积为10μL的样品吸移到具有96个凹部的阵列板的每个凹部中,并且小心地用粘合膜将凹部气密地封闭并离心。基因表达分析在StepOne PlusFast Real-Time PCR Instrument(Applied Biosystems)中进行。在加热阶段之后,设备自动地依次进行在表格5中示出的循环。
表格5:所设定的PCR循环
将测量到的值导出到MS Office Excel中并且对其进行评估。相对的基因表达的计算根据ΔΔCT方法进行。在第一计算步骤中,对于每个样品计算ΔCT值,其方式为:从要检查的基因的CT值中减去参考基因(基因HRPT)的CT值。
ΔCTWert目标基因=CTWert目标基因–CTWert参考基因(HTRP基因)
在标准化之后,紧接着从处理的样品(施加PS)的ΔCT值中减去对比样品(未经处理)的ΔCT值。
ΔΔCTWert目标基因=ΔCTWert经处理–ΔCTWert对比
在最后的步骤中,计算在受刺激的样品(施加PS)与对比之间的相对表达差异(相对量化值(RQ值))。
相对基因表达(RQ值)=2-ΔΔCT
RQ值>2.5被视为是基因的相关的诱导。
表格6:结果
细胞类型 | NHEK |
测试浓度 | 0.005% |
RQ值 | |
HPRT1(管家基因) | 1.0 |
HSPB2->HSP27 | 8.0 |
ASPA1L->HSP70 | 没有相关诱导 |
结果示出,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁在非常低的测试浓度下非常有效地上调热休克蛋白HSP27的基因表达,然而对HSP70不具有影响。
示例4:欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物对AMP在皮肤细胞中的基因表达的影响
将HaCaT细胞以0.5x 106个细胞/凹部的密度接种在具有6个凹部的微量滴定板中并且在表皮细胞专用培养基中培养。
在2天的温育时间之后,将示例1中的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物以0.005重量%的浓度施加在表皮细胞专用培养基中并温育24小时。
mRNA的分离和纯化借助于Qiagen公司的Mini Kit进行。用50μl不含RNase的水将mRNA从色谱柱上洗脱。以分光光度法来量化和确定所分离的RNA的纯度。纯度经由吸光度E260/E280和E260/E230的比值来评估。
根据制造商的说明(RNA-to-cDNA Kit,Applied Biosystems)将RNA转录成cDNA。转录量为每6个凹部0.5-1μg。将转录的样品立即在PCR中进一步处理或在-20℃下存储直至继续进行实验。
表格7:用于逆转录的转录条件
在下一步骤中进行qRT-PCR。对于qRT-PCR,将cDNA解冻并且与FastUniversal PCR Master Mix(2x)(Life Technologies(生命科技))混合。具有96个凹部的板(Life Technologies,Darmstadt(生命科技,达姆施塔特))能够个体地配备有期望的引物。将体积为10μL的样品吸移到具有96个凹部的阵列板的每个凹部中,并且小心地用粘合膜将凹部气密地封闭并且重新离心一分钟。基因表达分析在StepOne Plus Fast Real-Time PCR Instrument(Applied Biosystems)中进行。在加热阶段之后,设备自动地依次进行在表格8中示出的循环。
表格8:所设定的PCR循环
将测量到的值导出并且借助于MS Office Excel对其进行评估。相对的基因表达的计算根据ΔΔCT方法进行。在第一计算步骤中,对于每个样品计算ΔCT值,其方式为:从要检查的基因的CT值中减去参考基因(基因HRPT)的CT值。
ΔCTWert目标基因=CTWert目标基因–CTWert参考基因(HTRP基因)
在标准化之后,紧接着从经处理的样品(施加PS)的ΔCT值中减去对比样品(未经处理)的ΔCT值。
ΔΔCTWert目标基因=ΔCTWert经处理–ΔCTWert对比
在最后的步骤中,计算在受刺激的样品(施加PS)与对比之间的相对表达差异(相对量化值(RQ值))。
相对基因表达(RQ值)=2-ΔΔCT
RQ值>2.5被认为是基因的相关诱导。
表格9:结果
细胞类型 | HaCaT |
测试浓度 | 0.005% |
RQ值 | |
HPRT1(管家基因) | 1.0 |
DEFB1->β防御素1 | 9.1 |
S100A8->钙蛋白A | 2.7 |
结果示出,在非常低的测试浓度下,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁非常有效地上调抗菌肽β-防御素1和S100钙结合蛋白A8的基因表达。
示例5:制剂示例
1=用于皮肤的舒缓润肤油膏
2=有色的抗衰老油膏,SPF 15
3=晒后保湿喷雾剂O/W
4=晚霜W/O
5=洁面凝胶
6=须后水凝胶
7=去头屑洗发香波
8=防汗泵式喷雾剂
9=用于皮肤美白的日间护理液O/W
10=用于恢复屏障功能的霜O/W
11=防晒化妆水SPF 24(UVA/UVB平衡)
在配方示例1-11中,下述两种芳香油PFO1和PFO2分别用作为芳香物质(DPG=二丙二醇)。
表格10:带有玫瑰香味的香水油
表格11:具有白花和麝香气味的香水油PFO2
表格12:化妆品制剂(以重量%为单位的量)
表格13:凝胶牙膏
表格14:即用型含氟漱口水
Claims (15)
1.一种欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,包括下述物质或由下述物质构成:
以欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物计的100重量%计,
10-100重量%的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁干残渣,
0-90重量%的水,和
0-90重量%的(多种)载体物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,
其中一种或多种所述载体物质是:固态载体物质,所述固态载体物质优选选自:麦芽糊精、糊精和环糊精;和/或是液态载体物质,所述液态载体物质优选选自:甘油、丙二醇、丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,2-己二醇和1,2-辛二醇。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,
其中所述欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物还包括防腐剂和/或稳定剂。
4.一种用于制造欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物的方法,所述欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物优选是根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物,所述方法包括下述步骤或者由下述步骤构成:
提供欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁,和
将欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,
其中在小于60℃的温度下浓缩所述欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,
其中通过选自冷冻干燥、喷射干燥和反渗透或者是它们的组合的浓缩方法来浓缩所述欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁。
7.一种化妆品组合物,包括根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物或欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁。
8.一种药用组合物、食品组合物或食物补充剂,包括根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的化妆品组合物或根据权利要求8所述的药用组合物,还包括0.01-10重量%的皮肤舒缓剂和/或抗氧化剂。
10.欧蓍草的一种化妆品的、非治疗的应用,所述欧蓍草用于刺激热休克蛋白(HSP)和/或抗微生物肽(AMP)在皮肤细胞中的表达。
11.欧蓍草的一种化妆品的、非治疗的应用,所述欧蓍草用于提高皮肤的耐热性。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的欧蓍草的应用,
其中所述欧蓍草作为欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁或作为根据权利要求7或9中任一项所述的化妆品组合物存在。
13.根据权利要求12所述的欧蓍草的应用,
其中以所述化妆品组合物的100重量%计,欧蓍草鲜榨植物汁浓缩物在所述化妆品组合物中的剂量为0.0001重量%-10重量%。
14.根据权利要求8或9所述的药用组合物,所述药用组合物用作为药物。
15.根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的欧蓍草的应用或根据权利要求14所述的药用组合物用作为药物的应用,其中局部地施用到皮肤和/或头发上。
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US11219593B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
US20200188290A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
KR20200002947A (ko) | 2020-01-08 |
KR20230040376A (ko) | 2023-03-22 |
JP7433908B2 (ja) | 2024-02-20 |
WO2018196993A1 (de) | 2018-11-01 |
EP3615147B1 (de) | 2024-09-11 |
JP2020518570A (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
JP7446362B2 (ja) | 2024-03-08 |
JP2022118016A (ja) | 2022-08-12 |
EP3615147A1 (de) | 2020-03-04 |
ES2996693T3 (en) | 2025-02-13 |
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