CN110567925A - laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device and detection method - Google Patents
laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567925A CN110567925A CN201910854609.8A CN201910854609A CN110567925A CN 110567925 A CN110567925 A CN 110567925A CN 201910854609 A CN201910854609 A CN 201910854609A CN 110567925 A CN110567925 A CN 110567925A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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Abstract
An online self-adaptive penetration detection device and a detection method for laser welding. When welding parameters are changed in the traditional detection, the positions of fusion penetration characteristic areas are obviously deviated, the measurement positions cannot be effectively corrected, and the reliability of the test is directly influenced. The invention comprises the following components: laser gun (5), the laser gun side is connected through the horizontal end of bolt with right angle adaptor (12), the vertical end of right angle adaptor passes through the bolt and is connected with filter, filter internally mounted has light filter (11), the oblique terminal surface of right angle adaptor passes through the bolt and is connected with inclination adjustment flange seat (16), the tang department of terminal surface installs sphere slide holder (17) before the inclination adjustment flange seat, sphere slide holder intermediate position has the recess, it has 45 degrees speculum (13) to inlay in the recess, adjusting screw (14) are connected with inclination adjustment flange seat through the screw thread, spring (15) are installed to the downthehole of inclination adjustment flange seat. The invention is used for the laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
The invention relates to a laser welding detection technology, in particular to an online self-adaptive penetration detection device and a detection method for laser welding.
Background art:
the laser welding penetration detection is an important link for realizing intelligent welding manufacturing, but how to penetrate through a barrier above a key hole, break through accurate locating of a penetration characteristic area under mesoscopic scale in the key hole and effective analysis of a complex optical detection signal is 3 main technical difficulties for reliably identifying the laser welding penetration behavior by adopting a direct testing method; through earlier researches of the inventor, a hole wall fluorescent radiation source is used as a direct detection signal, and the perspective reproduction of the stimulated radiation behavior in the keyhole can be realized by utilizing the spectral band characteristics of different substances; acquiring a fluorescence multiplication real image of the inner wall of the keyhole by using an optical imaging principle, and positioning an induction chip to a penetration characteristic region in a high precision manner in a mesoscopic position finding manner under a certain welding condition to realize maximum enhancement of a penetration effective identification signal; the detection signals are subjected to statistics probability graph conversion and probability graph morphology feature correlation identification, and abstract effective separation of welding penetration feature information in the composite signals can be achieved. Although effective identification of the laser welding penetration behavior can be achieved by the combined application of the above-mentioned various means, the detection principle is limited by certain welding conditions.
Because the energy transmission of laser welding is completed in a long and narrow laser keyhole, the inner wall of the keyhole can excite fluorescence radiation under the action of violent energy interaction, and the fluorescence radiation quantity of the area is reduced because the laser penetrates through a workpiece to form a notch at the bottom of the keyhole during penetration welding, so that a low-amplitude 'penetration characteristic area' is formed; under normal conditions, the diameter of an opening of a laser keyhole obtained during laser welding is generally less than 1mm, and the laser keyhole belongs to the manufacturing category of mesoscopic dimensions, while the diameter of a penetration characteristic area at the bottom of the keyhole is generally 0.1-0.2 mm when a proper penetration weld is obtained, the penetration characteristic area occupies about 1/100-1/25 of the area of the keyhole, and the smaller the penetration degree of the weld is, the smaller the occupation ratio is; therefore, in order to improve the penetration identification precision during detection, signals of a local area in the keyhole need to be extracted, the fluorescence multiplication real image of the inner wall of the keyhole needs to be amplified as much as possible to reduce a test area, and the induction chip is positioned to a penetration characteristic area in the real image of the keyhole in a mesoscopic position finding mode in a high-precision manner to realize the maximum enhancement of the penetration identification signals; however, the existing position of the penetration characteristic region is not fixed and unchanged and is directly influenced by welding conditions, when some welding parameters are changed, such as the welding linear velocity, the welding inclination angle, the defocusing amount or the thickness of a welded part, the generation position of the penetration characteristic region is obviously deviated, at the moment, if the measurement position cannot be effectively corrected, the penetration characteristic region exceeds the detection range of the induction chip, the reliability of the test is directly influenced, and the problem of reduction of the test precision is caused by simply expanding the detection range of the induction chip; therefore, a new laser welding penetration detection method is needed to solve the problem of deviation of penetration characteristic areas caused by changes of welding process parameters and welding conditions, and an effective way for improving the reliability and the test precision of laser welding penetration detection is sought.
the invention content is as follows:
The invention aims to provide a laser welding penetration on-line detection device and a detection method capable of adapting to changes of welding process parameters or test piece thickness conditions.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an online self-adaptation penetration detection device of laser welding, its constitution includes: the laser gun, the laser gun side pass through the bolt and be connected with the horizontal end of right angle adaptor, the vertical end of right angle adaptor pass through the bolt and be connected with filter, filter internally mounted have the light filter, the oblique terminal surface of right angle adaptor pass through the bolt and be connected with inclination adjustment flange seat, inclination adjustment flange seat before the spigot department of terminal surface install sphere slide holder, sphere slide holder intermediate position have a recess, the recess in be embedded to have 45 degrees speculums, adjusting screw passes through the screw thread and is connected with inclination adjustment flange seat, the downthehole spring of installing of inclination adjustment flange seat.
The laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device is characterized in that a spherical groove is formed in the right-angle adapter and is attached to the spherical surface of the spherical slide holder, the bottom surface of the 45-degree reflector is attached to the bottom surface of the groove, the upper plane of the spring is adhered to the bottom surface of the spherical slide holder, and the surface of the 45-degree reflector, the spherical center of the spherical slide holder and the central line of the coaxial monitoring port of the laser gun are intersected.
The online self-adaptation of laser welding passes through detection device, filter device top install the optical lens group, optical lens group top installation linear array sensor 7, linear array sensor side-mounting three-dimensional transfer platform, linear array sensor the three-dimensional transfer platform optical lens group the light filter all install inside the sealed cowling, the inside right angle light path horizontal line position of laser gun install 45 degrees lens, the inside laser aperture in molten bath is aimed at to the laser beam below, the molten bath be welding test panel laser welding department.
An online self-adaptive penetration detection device and a detection method for laser welding comprise the following steps:
firstly, a hole wall fluorescence radiation source is used as a direct detection signal, the perspective reproduction of stimulated radiation behavior in a keyhole is realized by utilizing the spectral band characteristics of different substances, a fluorescence multiplication real image of the inner wall of the keyhole is obtained by an optical imaging principle, and the fluorescence radiation intensity of a relevant position in the fluorescence multiplication real image is measured by adopting a linear array sensor, so that the maximum enhancement of a penetration effective identification signal and the full coverage identification of a possible fluctuation range of a penetration characteristic area are realized; then, by transversely comparing the transient strength and weakness relations of each path of collected signals of the linear array sensor, preliminarily judging a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in penetration characteristic signals, performing statistical probability graph transformation on the path of collected signals or several paths of sensing signals in the region, and finally abstracting and separating out a welding penetration characteristic judgment basis according to the probability graph morphology characteristics to realize the self-adaptive reliable online identification of the laser welding penetration, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) the method is characterized in that the radiation behavior inside the keyhole is subjected to perspective imaging by utilizing the spectrum characteristics, a large amount of plasma, metal spray, metal steam flame, particle clusters and other injection substances exist above the keyhole in the welding process to completely shield information in the keyhole, a fluorescence radiation source excited by laser on the inner wall of the keyhole is used as a direct detection signal, and the spectrum characteristics of different luminophors are utilized, a narrow-band filtering method is adopted to effectively separate and inhibit strong interference signals above the laser welding keyhole, so that the fluorescence signals are effectively enhanced, and the spectrum perspective imaging effect is realized.
(2) Acquiring a penetration detection signal by using the linear array sensor, and converging a fluorescence radiation signal coaxially extracted by a laser welding head into an enlarged optical real image by a group of special microscope lens groups which are sequentially connected by a zoom lens, a zoom lens and an objective lens and have the functions of increasing working distance, increasing depth of field and converging visual angle; then regulating the light sensing surface of the linear array sensor by a three-dimensional fine-tuning mechanism and positioning the light sensing surface at the penetration characteristic position in the fluorescence real image for testing; the high resolution capability of the multi-sensing chip of the linear array sensor to the light radiation intensity of each adjacent micro area under the mesoscopic scale is utilized, the magnification of the fluorescence real image is properly improved by adjusting the lens group, and the maximum enhancement of the effective penetration identification signal is realized; meanwhile, the characteristic of identifiable coverage of a large-range area after linear combination of the multiple sensing chips of the linear array sensor is utilized, the full-coverage identification of the fluctuation range possibly occurring in the penetration characteristic area is realized, and the test reliability is improved.
(3) The signals of the linear array sensor are transversely screened, because the radiation intensity generated in a penetration characteristic area during laser penetration welding is obviously lower than the fluorescent radiation on the inner wall of a surrounding key hole, a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in the penetration characteristic signal can be preliminarily judged by transversely comparing the transient strength relation of the detection signals of the linear array sensor, and then, the analysis and identification are only carried out on the sensing signals of the path or the sensing signals of several paths in the area, so that the online data analysis efficiency is effectively improved.
(4) and (3) abstract extraction and dynamic identification of penetration characteristics, extracting each transient probability density function of a detection signal by a statistical method, then dynamically forming a series of simplified graph modes with trend characteristics, and establishing composite association identification according to a plurality of morphological characteristics and penetration behaviors of the graphs to realize qualitative and quantitative online dynamic identification of the laser welding penetration condition.
Has the advantages that:
1. The spherical slide holder is attached to the spherical surface of the spherical groove in the right-angle adapter, so that the angle of the 45-degree reflector can be adjusted conveniently through the adjusting screw rod, and meanwhile, the spherical surface of the reflector can be attached tightly under the action of the spring force, and the angle is adjusted accurately; the head of the adjusting screw rod adopts the reticulate pattern, can be adjusted by hands directly, and has the advantages of simple, convenient and reliable operation, etc.
2. The invention relates to a laser welding penetration on-line detection method capable of adapting to changes of welding process parameters or test piece thickness conditions, which mainly utilizes the capturing capability of a linear array sensor to a larger area signal to realize full-coverage identification of a penetration characteristic area with a possible fluctuation range, and can realize reliable identification of a penetration state without correcting a detection position when the welding conditions such as the laser welding process parameters, the test piece thickness and the like are changed, thereby effectively improving the welding efficiency and the detection reliability.
3. Due to the expansion of the measurement range, the invention can also realize the maximum enhancement of the penetration effective identification signal by properly improving the optical magnification of the fluorescence real image and utilizing the high resolution capability of the linear array sensor to the light radiation intensity of the micro area under the mesoscopic scale, can effectively improve the test precision, and can greatly improve the test accuracy particularly when detecting the micro penetration weld joint with smaller penetration characteristic area and weaker characteristic signal.
4. Compared with a single-point measurement mode, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the induction chip is positioned to the penetration characteristic region in the fluorescent real image at high precision without a mesoscopic position finding mode during penetration detection, and the positioning precision requirement can be reduced by one order of magnitude on the premise of meeting the measurement requirement, so that the installation and debugging difficulty of the device can be greatly reduced.
5. according to the invention, because some obvious transient characteristics exist in the keyhole during laser penetration welding, for example, the radiation intensity of each region in the keyhole is obviously different or greatly fluctuates, the penetration detection result can be preliminarily identified by transversely comparing the transient strength relationship of each path of detection signals of the linear array type sensor, so that an important judgment basis for penetration identification is added, and the test accuracy under comprehensive identification is improved.
6. Although the invention is provided for the state characteristics when the penetration of the laser welding changes, the linear array sensor detects the radiation behavior change of the continuous area inside the laser keyhole, so the invention is also effective for the state characteristic analysis when other welding defects are generated in the laser welding, and more identifiable associated characteristics can be established between the laser keyhole and the welding seam characteristics in other welding states when the morphological characteristics such as the graph curvature, the inflection point, the track and the like of a specific area (namely a physicochemical reaction light signal distribution area directly related to certain welding quality) in a light signal probability density function are researched except for the need of corresponding adjustment on the selection of the spectrum and the welding area signals. Therefore, the detection method can be also applied to the online detection of characteristic information such as the fusion depth change, the welding stability, the side wall fusion property, the surface defect, the internal porosity and the defect position of the laser welding.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the working principle of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a fluorescence radiation pattern of the penetration feature of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
Example 1:
The utility model provides an online self-adaptation penetration detection device of laser welding, its constitution includes: laser gun 5, the laser gun side pass through the bolt and be connected with the horizontal end of right angle adaptor 12, the vertical end of right angle adaptor pass through the bolt and be connected with filter equipment, filter equipment internally mounted have light filter 11, the oblique terminal surface of right angle adaptor pass through the bolt and be connected with inclination adjustment flange seat 16, inclination adjustment flange seat preceding spigot department of terminal surface install sphere slide holder 17, sphere slide holder intermediate position have a recess, the recess in be inlayed and have 45 degrees speculum 13, adjusting screw 14 passes through the screw thread and is connected with inclination adjustment flange seat, the downthehole spring 15 of installing of inclination adjustment flange seat.
example 2:
According to embodiment 1, the laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device is characterized in that a spherical groove is formed in the right-angle adapter and is attached to the spherical surface of the spherical wafer stage, the bottom surface of the 45-degree reflector is attached to the bottom surface of the groove, the upper plane of the spring is bonded to the bottom surface of the spherical wafer stage, and the surface of the 45-degree reflector, the spherical center of the spherical wafer stage and the center line of the coaxial monitoring port of the laser gun are intersected.
example 3:
According to embodiment 2 online self-adaptation of laser welding detection device that penetrates, filter device top install optical lens group 10, optical lens group top installation linear array sensor 7, linear array sensor side-mounting three-dimensional accent platform 9, linear array sensor three-dimensional accent platform optical lens group the light filter all install inside sealed cowling 8, the inside right angle light path horizontal line position of laser gun install 45 degrees lens 4, the inside laser aperture 3 of molten bath 2 is aimed at to laser beam 6 below, the molten bath be welding test panel 1 laser welding department.
Example 4:
A method for detecting a laser welding on-line adaptive penetration detection apparatus according to embodiments 1 to 3, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, a hole wall fluorescence radiation source is used as a direct detection signal, the perspective reproduction of stimulated radiation behavior in a keyhole is realized by utilizing the spectral band characteristics of different substances, a fluorescence multiplication real image of the inner wall of the keyhole is obtained by an optical imaging principle, and the fluorescence radiation intensity of a relevant position in the fluorescence multiplication real image is measured by adopting a linear array sensor, so that the maximum enhancement of a penetration effective identification signal and the full coverage identification of a possible fluctuation range of a penetration characteristic area are realized; then, by transversely comparing the transient strength and weakness relations of each path of collected signals of the linear array sensor, preliminarily judging a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in penetration characteristic signals, performing statistical probability graph transformation on the path of collected signals or several paths of sensing signals in the region, and finally abstracting and separating out a welding penetration characteristic judgment basis according to the probability graph morphology characteristics to realize the self-adaptive reliable online identification of the laser welding penetration, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) The method is characterized in that the radiation behavior inside the keyhole is subjected to perspective imaging by utilizing the spectrum characteristics, a large amount of plasma, metal spray, metal steam flame, particle clusters and other injection substances exist above the keyhole in the welding process to completely shield information in the keyhole, a fluorescence radiation source excited by laser on the inner wall of the keyhole is used as a direct detection signal, and the spectrum characteristics of different luminophors are utilized, a narrow-band filtering method is adopted to effectively separate and inhibit strong interference signals above the laser welding keyhole, so that the fluorescence signals are effectively enhanced, and the spectrum perspective imaging effect is realized.
(2) acquiring a penetration detection signal by using the linear array sensor, and converging a fluorescence radiation signal coaxially extracted by a laser welding head into an enlarged optical real image by a group of special microscope lens groups which are sequentially connected by a zoom lens, a zoom lens and an objective lens and have the functions of increasing working distance, increasing depth of field and converging visual angle; then regulating the light sensing surface of the linear array sensor by a three-dimensional fine-tuning mechanism and positioning the light sensing surface at the penetration characteristic position in the fluorescence real image for testing; the high resolution capability of the multi-sensing chip of the linear array sensor to the light radiation intensity of each adjacent micro area under the mesoscopic scale is utilized, the magnification of the fluorescence real image is properly improved by adjusting the lens group, and the maximum enhancement of the effective penetration identification signal is realized; meanwhile, the characteristic of identifiable coverage of a large-range area after linear combination of the multiple sensing chips of the linear array sensor is utilized, the full-coverage identification of the fluctuation range possibly occurring in the penetration characteristic area is realized, and the test reliability is improved.
(3) The signals of the linear array sensor are transversely screened, because the radiation intensity generated in a penetration characteristic area during laser penetration welding is obviously lower than the fluorescent radiation on the inner wall of a surrounding key hole, a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in the penetration characteristic signal can be preliminarily judged by transversely comparing the transient strength relation of the detection signals of the linear array sensor, and then, the analysis and identification are only carried out on the sensing signals of the path or the sensing signals of several paths in the area, so that the online data analysis efficiency is effectively improved.
(4) and (3) abstract extraction and dynamic identification of penetration characteristics, extracting each transient probability density function of a detection signal by a statistical method, then dynamically forming a series of simplified graph modes with trend characteristics, and establishing composite association identification according to a plurality of morphological characteristics and penetration behaviors of the graphs to realize qualitative and quantitative online dynamic identification of the laser welding penetration condition.
the principle of the laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection method is as follows: laser beam emitted by the laser welding head is emitted to the welding test board to generate a laser key hole, and the inner wall of the laser key hole is stimulated to radiate to form a fluorescent radiation signal; when the fusion welding is carried out, the fluorescence radiation of the gap region at the bottom of the laser keyhole is obviously weakened, and a low-amplitude fusion characteristic region and a fusion characteristic signal are formed; fluorescent radiation signals of the inner wall of the laser keyhole, low-amplitude fusion penetration characteristic signals and a large amount of interference signals generated by welding enter a laser welding head and form coaxial light path signals; the laser welding head coaxial light path signal passes through the right-angle light path, and is filtered before entering the optical lens group, so that interference signals such as plasma, metal droplets, metal steam flame and the like are separated and inhibited, the fluorescence signal of the inner wall of the keyhole is effectively enhanced, and then the fluorescence real image of the enlarged keyhole wall is converged through the optical lens group; then, the light sensing surface of the linear array sensor is adjusted and positioned at the penetration characteristic position in the real fluorescent image through the three-dimensional fine adjustment mechanism for testing, and the linear array sensor realizes the maximum enhancement of effective penetration identification signals and the full-coverage identification of the possible fluctuation range of the penetration characteristic area; secondly, preliminarily judging a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in the penetration characteristic signal by transversely comparing the transient strength and weakness relations of the acquired signals of the paths of the linear array type sensor; and performing statistical probability graph transformation on the separated penetration characteristic signals, and finally abstracting and separating out a welding penetration characteristic judgment basis according to the probability graph morphology characteristics, so as to realize the self-adaptive reliable online identification of the laser welding penetration.
The angle adjusting method of the 45-degree reflector comprises the following steps: after the right-angle light path and the optical lens group are installed, the optical lens group is connected with an industrial imaging CCD through a standard threaded port, a laser welding head is started to guide red light, a CCD camera obtains red light imaging light spots in a display screen, then 8 adjusting screws of a flange seat are adjusted through an inclination angle, every 2 opposite adjusting screws are divided into one group, the positions of the red light spots are gradually moved in opposite screwing-in and screwing-out modes until the red light spots move to the center of the display screen, and the accurate angle adjustment of a 45-degree reflector can be realized because the surfaces of the reflector, the center of a spherical surface loading table and the center line of a coaxial monitoring port are intersected and are coaxial with the center of the 90-degree right-angle light path after being reflected by the reflector.
the right angle optical path of the present application includes: a right-angle adapter, a spherical slide holder and an inclination angle adjusting flange seat 3; the right-angle adapter has 2 90-degree right-angle interfaces and 1 45-degree connecting surface, the 2 90-degree right-angle interfaces are respectively connected with the laser welding head coaxial monitoring port, the filtering device and the optical lens group, and the center of the 45-degree connecting surface is provided with a spherical groove which is in spherical sliding fit with the spherical slide stage; a through groove is formed in the spherical slide holder and a total reflection lens is embedded in the spherical slide holder, the spherical center of the spherical slide holder is positioned at the intersection point of the surface of the reflector and the central line of the coaxial monitoring port, and the surface of the reflector and the central line of the coaxial monitoring port form an angle of 45 degrees; the inclination angle adjustment flange seat is fixed on the 45-degree connecting surface of the right-angle adapter, a spring is arranged in the inclination angle adjustment flange seat, the effect of tightly pushing the spherical slide holder is achieved, spherical sliding fit between the spherical slide holder and the right-angle adapter is ensured, meanwhile, 8 thread adjusting through holes are uniformly distributed outwards along the center of the inclination angle adjustment flange seat, the inclination angle of the spherical slide holder can be accurately adjusted in 8 directions up and down through a screw rod, and then effective adjustment of the angle of the 45-degree reflector is achieved.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an online self-adaptation penetration detection device of laser welding, its constitution includes: laser gun, characterized by: the laser gun side pass through the bolt and be connected with the horizontal end of right angle adaptor, the vertical end of right angle adaptor pass through the bolt and be connected with filter equipment, filter equipment internally mounted have the light filter, the oblique terminal surface of right angle adaptor pass through the bolt and be connected with inclination adjustment flange seat, inclination adjustment flange seat before the tang department of terminal surface install sphere carrier table, sphere carrier table intermediate position have a recess, the recess in be inlayed and to have 45 degrees speculums, adjusting screw passes through the screw thread and is connected with inclination adjustment flange seat, the downthehole spring of installing of inclination adjustment flange seat.
2. The laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the right-angle adapter has a spherical groove in it to be attached to the spherical surface of the spherical slide stage, the bottom surface of the 45-degree reflector is adhered to the bottom surface of the groove, the upper plane of the spring is attached to the bottom surface of the spherical slide stage, and the surface of the 45-degree reflector, the spherical center of the spherical slide stage and the central line of the coaxial monitoring port of the laser gun are intersected.
3. The laser welding online self-adaptive penetration detection device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: optical lens group is installed to light filtering device top, optical lens group top installation linear array sensor 7, the three-dimensional platform of transferring of linear array sensor side-mounting, linear array sensor three-dimensional transfer the platform optical lens group all install inside the sealed cowling, the inside right angle light path horizontal line position of laser gun install 45 degrees lens, the laser beam below is aimed at the inside laser aperture of molten bath, the molten bath be welding test panel laser welding department.
4. A method for detecting an on-line adaptive penetration detection device for laser welding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a hole wall fluorescence radiation source is used as a direct detection signal, the perspective reproduction of stimulated radiation behavior in a keyhole is realized by utilizing the spectral band characteristics of different substances, a fluorescence multiplication real image of the inner wall of the keyhole is obtained by an optical imaging principle, and the fluorescence radiation intensity of a relevant position in the fluorescence multiplication real image is measured by adopting a linear array sensor, so that the maximum enhancement of a penetration effective identification signal and the full coverage identification of a possible fluctuation range of a penetration characteristic area are realized; then, by transversely comparing the transient strength and weakness relations of each path of collected signals of the linear array sensor, preliminarily judging a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in penetration characteristic signals, performing statistical probability graph transformation on the path of collected signals or several paths of sensing signals in the region, and finally abstracting and separating out a welding penetration characteristic judgment basis according to the probability graph morphology characteristics to realize the self-adaptive reliable online identification of the laser welding penetration, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) The method comprises the steps that the radiation behavior inside a keyhole is subjected to perspective imaging by utilizing spectrum characteristics, a large amount of plasma, metal spray, metal steam flame, particle clusters and other injection substances exist above the keyhole in the welding process to completely shield information in the keyhole, a fluorescence radiation source excited by laser on the inner wall of the keyhole is used as a direct detection signal, and by utilizing the spectrum characteristics of different luminophors, a narrow-band filtering method is adopted to effectively separate and inhibit strong interference signals above the keyhole during laser welding, so that the fluorescence signals are effectively enhanced, and the spectrum perspective imaging effect is realized;
(2) Acquiring a penetration detection signal by using the linear array sensor, and converging a fluorescence radiation signal coaxially extracted by a laser welding head into an enlarged optical real image by a group of special microscope lens groups which are sequentially connected by a zoom lens, a zoom lens and an objective lens and have the functions of increasing working distance, increasing depth of field and converging visual angle; then regulating the light sensing surface of the linear array sensor by a three-dimensional fine-tuning mechanism and positioning the light sensing surface at the penetration characteristic position in the fluorescence real image for testing; the high resolution capability of the multi-sensing chip of the linear array sensor to the light radiation intensity of each adjacent micro area under the mesoscopic scale is utilized, the magnification of the fluorescence real image is properly improved by adjusting the lens group, and the maximum enhancement of the effective penetration identification signal is realized; meanwhile, the recognizable coverage characteristics of the linear array sensor multi-sensing chip on a large-range area after linear combination are utilized, the full coverage recognition of the fluctuation range possibly occurring in the penetration characteristic area is realized, and the test reliability is improved;
(3) The signals of the linear array sensor are transversely screened, because the radiation intensity generated in a penetration characteristic area during laser penetration welding is obviously lower than the fluorescent radiation on the inner wall of a surrounding keyhole, a certain path or a certain interval range which may exist in the penetration characteristic signal can be preliminarily judged by transversely comparing the transient strength relation of the detection signals of the linear array sensor, and then the analysis and identification are only carried out on the sensing signal of the path or a plurality of paths of sensing signals in the area, so that the online data analysis efficiency is effectively improved;
(4) and (3) abstract extraction and dynamic identification of penetration characteristics, extracting each transient probability density function of a detection signal by a statistical method, then dynamically forming a series of simplified graph modes with trend characteristics, and establishing composite association identification according to a plurality of morphological characteristics and penetration behaviors of the graphs to realize qualitative and quantitative online dynamic identification of the laser welding penetration condition.
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| CN111539533A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-14 | 上海工程技术大学 | A Quantitative Evaluation Method of Weld Penetration Based on Extreme Learning Machine and Small Hole Features |
| CN112025090A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-12-04 | 上海市激光技术研究所 | An online detection method and detection device for laser deep penetration welding defects |
| CN113634883A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | By using CO2Method for representing fused quartz glass subsurface defect distribution by pulse laser chromatographic ablation |
| CN113649702A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-16 | 徐州金琳光电材料产业研究院有限公司 | Device and method for testing action time of laser ablation metal material |
| CN114043088A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-02-15 | 武汉英飞华科技有限公司 | A laser welding head equipped with industrial OCT |
| CN117259976A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-22 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | Laser welding penetration on-line detection method |
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| CN117517243A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-02-06 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | Laser welding penetration on-line detection method based on mesoscopic signal array identification |
| CN118268702A (en) * | 2024-06-03 | 2024-07-02 | 深圳市青虹激光科技有限公司 | Adjusting device and laser processing equipment |
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| CN111539533A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-14 | 上海工程技术大学 | A Quantitative Evaluation Method of Weld Penetration Based on Extreme Learning Machine and Small Hole Features |
| CN112025090A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-12-04 | 上海市激光技术研究所 | An online detection method and detection device for laser deep penetration welding defects |
| CN112025090B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2025-01-28 | 上海市激光技术研究所有限公司 | An online detection method and detection device for laser deep penetration welding defects |
| CN113634883A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | By using CO2Method for representing fused quartz glass subsurface defect distribution by pulse laser chromatographic ablation |
| CN113649702A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-16 | 徐州金琳光电材料产业研究院有限公司 | Device and method for testing action time of laser ablation metal material |
| CN114043088A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-02-15 | 武汉英飞华科技有限公司 | A laser welding head equipped with industrial OCT |
| CN117259976A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-22 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | Laser welding penetration on-line detection method |
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| CN117517243A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-02-06 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | Laser welding penetration on-line detection method based on mesoscopic signal array identification |
| CN117259976B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2025-03-25 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | A method for online detection of laser welding penetration |
| CN118268702A (en) * | 2024-06-03 | 2024-07-02 | 深圳市青虹激光科技有限公司 | Adjusting device and laser processing equipment |
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