CN110548873A - gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing - Google Patents
gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/58—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads for changing the material composition, e.g. by mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing, wherein the forming device comprises a powder feeding system, the powder feeding system comprises a powder flow powder feeder, a plurality of powder feeding pipelines and a plurality of paths of powder mixing nozzles, the powder feeding pipelines are used as pipelines for conveying powder to the plurality of paths of powder mixing nozzles by the powder flow powder feeder, and the powder flow powder feeder can convey powder with different components to the plurality of paths of powder mixing nozzles through at least two powder feeding pipelines; the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is provided with a mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle through the mixing cavity, and powder mixing occurs in the mixing cavity or at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle. The method is based on the device. By the device and the method provided by the scheme, the forming and processing of the gradient functional part can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing.
Background
the dispersed phase in the conventional material is macroscopically isotropic, and the overall material property is simple substance. On the contrary, the inner different regions of the gradient functional component, also called as the gradient functional composite component, have different materials, i.e. different properties or functions, so that the component can show different characteristics, such as heat-conducting property, electric conductivity, high temperature resistance and the like, by comprehensively utilizing the properties of different single materials. Meanwhile, the gradient functional part utilizes 2 or more materials with different properties, and the components of the materials are continuously changed, so that the bonding interface between the interiors of different materials disappears, and the components are gradually changed, thereby reducing and overcoming the property mismatching factor of the bonding part. The application is not limited to aviation, aerospace and nuclear industries, and the application is expanded to the fields of electronics, chemistry, biomedical engineering and the like. However, the complex structure forming of the gradient functional part is always a difficult problem to overcome, and a new machining forming technology is urgently needed to be established.
At present, the preparation method of the gradient functional part mainly comprises the following steps: chemical vapor deposition, physical evaporation, plasma spraying, particle gradient arrangement, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, liquid film direct molding, and thin film infiltration molding. On one hand, the traditional preparation method of the gradient functional part is mainly used for preparing a gradient functional material blank, the forming precision is low, and post precision machining is still needed; on the other hand, the traditional preparation method of the gradient functional part has the defects of low forming efficiency, complex equipment and the like. Therefore, it is urgently needed to establish a manufacturing device and a technology for a novel gradient functional part with high forming precision and high forming efficiency.
compared with the traditional raw material reduction machining mode, the additive manufacturing technology is a manufacturing method which accumulates materials layer by layer from bottom to top, so that the efficient machining of parts with complex structures becomes possible. In currently known additive manufacturing techniques, powder flow laser additive manufacturing techniques can be used to prepare gradient functional parts. However, the precision of the powder flow type additive manufacturing technology is poor, and meanwhile, the support cannot be established, and the precision forming of the complex structure gradient functional part is difficult. In addition, the selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology is a mature additive manufacturing technology which is widely adopted at present, and has high forming precision and wide range of machinable materials. Meanwhile, electron beams are adopted to replace laser to be used as high-energy beam energy input, and a selective area electron beam melting additive manufacturing technology can be formed. However, it is difficult to prepare a gradient functional part with a complex structure by using both the conventional selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology and the conventional selective electron beam melting additive manufacturing technology.
Based on the selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology, the key of the preparation of the gradient functional part is the powder feeding and spreading technology of different layers of different component materials and the solution of the powder mixing problem. A patent application published in Chinese patent document library and named as a gradient functional part additive manufacturing method based on three-dimensional heterogeneous powder laying (publication number: CN104588650A) discloses a powder feeding and laying method and a device for preparing a gradient functional part based on a selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology. However, the patent application still cannot realize gradual change of different component materials of the gradient functional part, and cannot be used for preparing the gradient functional part in a strict sense. Therefore, the development of a preparation method and a device for gradient functional parts based on the selective laser additive manufacturing technology is still a problem to be solved currently.
Disclosure of Invention
aiming at the technical problems that the research and development of a preparation method and a device of a gradient functional part are still needed to be solved at present based on the selective laser additive manufacturing technology, the invention provides a gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing. By the device and the method provided by the scheme, the forming and processing of the gradient functional part can be realized.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing, which solve the problems through the following technical points: a gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing comprises a powder feeding system, wherein the powder feeding system comprises a powder flow powder feeder, a plurality of powder feeding pipelines and a multi-path powder mixing nozzle, the powder feeding pipelines are used as pipelines for conveying powder from the powder flow powder feeder to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, and the powder flow powder feeder can convey powder with different components to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle through at least two powder feeding pipelines;
The multi-path powder mixing nozzle is provided with a mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle through the mixing cavity, and powder mixing occurs in the mixing cavity or at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle.
The gradient functional part utilizes two or more materials with different properties, and the components of the materials are continuously changed, so that a bonding interface between the interiors of different materials disappears, and the components are gradually changed, so that the performance mismatching factors of bonding parts are reduced and overcome. In the prior art, for example, an invention patent with publication number CN104588650A discloses a functional gradient part additive manufacturing method of heterogeneous powder, which relates to the application of powders with different components in additive manufacturing, and how to better obtain a gradient functional part, which is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
In the scheme, the powder feeding system which is arranged to be the forming device comprises is provided with the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is provided with the mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle through the mixing cavity, powder mixing is carried out in the mixing cavity or powder mixing is carried out at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, so that the powder added on the powder feeding cylinder by the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is mixed with powder with different components under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, namely the powder obtained on the powder feeding cylinder is actually mixed powder after the powder with different components is mixed, thus, the powder with different components from the powder feeding system can be effectively prevented from being accumulated in different areas among the powder with different components in the space, and the powder actually obtained on the forming cylinder is influenced by the area accumulation among the powder with different components, the powder actually laid on the forming cylinder still is layered or tiled in different areas for the same type of components, so that the finally obtained gradient part does not have the characteristic of gradual change transition among the components actually. By adopting the scheme, the gradient functional part with better quality can be obtained by using an additive manufacturing technology.
As a further technical scheme of the forming device, the forming device is provided with:
for more accurate acquisition multichannel mixes powder mouth lower extreme exit position, as the multichannel that easily realizes simultaneously and mixes powder mouth implementation mode, set up to: the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is in a conical structure, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is vertically arranged, the large end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is the upper end, the powder output end is positioned at the lower end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, and the outlet ends of the powder feeding pipelines are connected to the upper end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle;
The mixing cavity is a pore channel arranged in the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle, and the pore channel is used as a communication channel between the outlet end of the powder feeding pipeline and the powder output end. In the scheme, the appearance design of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle ensures that the position of the lower end can accurately reflect the position of the powder output end when the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is used; if the position of the powder on the powder feeding cylinder is required to be normalized by matching the powder blocking groove, the lower end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle can be smoothly embedded into the powder blocking groove by the structural design; when the powder of different compositions that store in the powder flow powder feeder is after the powder conveying pipeline transmits to the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle, correspond the powder and be in the whereabouts in pore, for the pore is itself many through the design, and the pore is crossing before the powder output end, can realize mixing the powder, also can set up to the pore for one, for example for an annular cavity around the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle axis, and above annular cavity is the toper, the exit end of powder conveying pipeline is connected in the different positions of annular cavity upper end, the powder of different compositions is amalgamated at powder output end position and is realized mixing the powder.
in order to enable the device to remove powder on the powder feeding cylinder and/or the forming cylinder before or in the additive manufacturing process so as to better control the processing quality of the gradient functional part, the device is provided with the following steps: the powder cleaning system comprises a dust collector, a powder cleaning pipeline and a powder cleaning nozzle, wherein the powder cleaning pipeline is used as a connecting pipeline between the dust collector and the powder cleaning nozzle, so that when the dust collector works, the suction force for sucking powder on the powder feeding cylinder and/or the forming cylinder is generated at the inlet end of the powder cleaning nozzle. The powder cleaning system based on the negative pressure adsorption principle is provided.
As a person skilled in the art, the positions of the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle and the powder cleaning nozzle in the space in the actual working process need to be adjusted, and the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle and the powder cleaning nozzle are taken as a specific driving scheme for realizing the adjustment: the method comprises the following steps: the powder mixing device also comprises a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the powder cleaning nozzle and the multi-path powder mixing nozzle in the space;
the driving mechanism comprises an X-direction linear motion module, a Y-direction linear motion module and a first fixing support, and the first fixing support is fixed on the Y-axis linear motion module; the multi-path powder mixing nozzle and the powder cleaning nozzle are both fixed on the first fixing support;
the X-axis linear motion module can drive the Y-axis linear motion module to move left and right along the X axis;
The Y-axis linear motion module can drive the first fixing support to move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the Y axis. As the technical personnel in the field, the X direction and the Y direction correspond to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in a space rectangular coordinate system, the first fixing support can move along the X axis under the action of the X-direction linear motion module and can move along the Y axis under the action of the Y-direction linear motion module, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction defined above are relative motion directions, and thus, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle and the powder cleaning nozzle which are arranged on the first fixing support are fixed to realize position adjustment in a follow-up mode with the first fixing support.
based on the further technical scheme of the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism further comprises a second fixing support, the second fixing support is fixed on the X-axis linear motion module, and the X-axis linear motion module can drive the second fixing support to move left and right along the X axis;
the device frame is provided with a motion module cavity and a selective laser forming chamber, and the X-direction linear motion module is arranged in the motion module cavity;
the powder feeding cylinder, the forming cylinder and the material receiving cylinder are all arranged in the selective laser forming chamber;
the forming device further comprises a shielding plate fixedly connected to the second fixing support, and the shielding plate is used as a partition plate between the moving module chamber and the selective laser forming chamber after powder is spread on the forming cylinder. In this scheme, set up motion module cavity and election district laser forming room on the device frame, the mounting bracket of baffle is regarded as to the second fixed bolster, and the baffle is as the division board when needs carry out the interval with motion module cavity and election district laser forming room, like this, can effectual protection functional unit on this forming device, if prevent that additive manufacturing process election district laser forming indoor powder dust from wafting to motion module cavity.
As a technical scheme capable of avoiding sputtering of powder in the powder falling process, the method is characterized in that: the powder feeding device is characterized by further comprising a powder blocking groove fixedly connected to the second fixing support, wherein the powder blocking groove is of a strip structure, the length direction of the powder blocking groove is along the length direction of the powder feeding cylinder, the width of the upper end of the powder blocking groove is larger than that of the lower end of the powder blocking groove, the groove body is of a long strip shape, the length direction of the groove body is along the length direction of the powder blocking groove, and the length direction of the powder blocking groove is perpendicular to the distance direction between the powder feeding cylinder and the forming cylinder;
and the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is embedded into the groove body from the upper end of the groove body. In this scheme, keep off the powder groove and can realize falling the powder along the powder of X axle direction along second fixed bolster synchronous motion, keep off the powder groove and be the bar, aim at realizing that the multichannel mixes the powder mouth for keeping off the powder groove along the powder of Y axle direction to its length direction's injecion simultaneously.
As a more perfect technical scheme, the method is set as follows: the powder spreading system comprises a scraper, a scraper bracket and a scraper linear guide rail; the scraper is fixed on the scraper support, and the scraper support do reciprocating linear movement along the direction of the distance between the powder feeding cylinder and the forming cylinder under the constraint of the scraper linear guide rail;
In the reciprocating linear motion process, powder is transmitted to the forming cylinder from the powder feeding cylinder, and powder paving of the forming cylinder is realized; after the powder spreading of the forming cylinder is finished, the scraper resets in the reciprocating linear motion process.
The laser device optical path device is used for realizing selective melting of the powder on the forming cylinder.
the scheme also discloses a gradient functional part forming method based on additive manufacturing, which comprises a powder laying step, wherein powder on a powder feeding cylinder is laid on a forming cylinder under the action of a powder laying system, the powder laying step comprises a mixed powder laying process, and the mixed powder laying process is realized by the forming device as any one of the steps: according to the part processing requirement, the preset powder with different components in the powder flow powder feeder is conveyed to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle through different powder conveying pipelines in proportion, and the powder with different components is laid on the powder conveying cylinder in a mixed state under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle. As mentioned above, according to the scheme, the powder added to the powder feeding cylinder by the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is mixed with different component powders under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, that is, the powder obtained from the powder feeding cylinder is actually mixed powder after the different component powders are mixed, so that the powder of different components from the powder feeding system can be effectively prevented from being stacked in different regions among the different component powders in the space, the influence of the regional stacking among the different component powders on the forming cylinder is caused, the actual powder laying on the forming cylinder is still layered or tiled in different regions for the same type of components, and finally obtained gradient parts are actually free from the characteristic of gradual change among the components. By adopting the scheme, the gradient functional part with better quality can be obtained by using an additive manufacturing technology.
as a further technical scheme of the forming method, the forming method comprises the following steps:
Through the powder paving system, the powder quantity of the powder suitable for the powder required by single laser scanning obtained on the forming cylinder is N, through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, the powder quantity of the powder transferred on the powder feeding cylinder at a time is M, the numerical value of M is D times of the numerical value of N, and D is a positive coefficient greater than 1. This scheme of adoption utilizes the multichannel to mix the powder mouth promptly and once only send powder to the powder feeding jar, utilizes the powder system of spreading to accomplish the jar that takes shape many times and spreads powder, and the powder system of spreading accomplishes the powder volume that the jar that takes shape once spreads powder and satisfies the required powder of many times laser scanning, like this, can effectively promote the efficiency of gradient function part vibration material disk.
the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the powder feeding system which is arranged to be the forming device comprises is provided with the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is provided with the mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle through the mixing cavity, powder mixing is carried out in the mixing cavity or powder mixing is carried out at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, so that the powder added on the powder feeding cylinder by the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is mixed with powder with different components under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle, namely the powder obtained on the powder feeding cylinder is actually mixed powder after the powder with different components is mixed, thus, the powder with different components from the powder feeding system can be effectively prevented from being accumulated in different areas among the powder with different components in the space, and the powder actually obtained on the forming cylinder is influenced by the area accumulation among the powder with different components, the powder actually laid on the forming cylinder still is layered or tiled in different areas for the same type of components, so that the finally obtained gradient part does not have the characteristic of gradual change transition among the components actually. By adopting the scheme, the gradient functional part with better quality can be obtained by using an additive manufacturing technology.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a gradient functional part forming apparatus based on additive manufacturing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention with the device frame omitted;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder blocking groove in an embodiment of an additive manufacturing-based gradient functional part forming apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial structure mainly reflecting the structure of a multi-channel powder mixing nozzle in an embodiment of the gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic structural view mainly reflecting the structure of a powder cleaning nozzle in an embodiment of the gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for forming a gradient functional part based on additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
the labels in the figure are respectively: 1. the powder feeding device comprises a dust collector, 2, a powder flow powder feeder, 3, an X-direction linear motion module, 4, a Y-direction linear motion module, 5, a first fixing support, 6, a second fixing support, 7, a multi-path powder mixing nozzle, 8, a powder cleaning nozzle, 9, a powder blocking groove, 10, a powder feeding cylinder, 11, a forming cylinder, 12, a material receiving cylinder, 13, a forming cylinder linear module, 14, a powder feeding cylinder linear module, 15, a baffle plate, 16, a scraper, 17, a scraper support, 18, a motion module chamber, 19, a selective laser forming chamber, 20, a laser light path device, 21, a powder cleaning pipeline, 22, a powder feeding pipeline, 23, a powder feeding nozzle upright post, 24, a powder cleaning nozzle upright post, 25, a scraper linear guide rail, 26, an X-axis motor, 27, a Y-axis motor, 28, a powder feeding cylinder motor, 29, a forming cylinder motor, 30 and a fixing rib.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples:
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing includes a powder feeding system, the powder feeding system includes a powder flow feeder 2, a plurality of powder feeding pipelines 22 and a multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, the powder feeding pipelines 22 are used as pipelines for conveying powder from the powder flow feeder 2 to the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, and the powder flow feeder 2 can convey powder with different components to the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7 through at least two powder feeding pipelines 22;
the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is provided with a mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines 22 passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 through the mixing cavity, and powder mixing occurs in the mixing cavity or at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7.
The gradient functional part utilizes two or more materials with different properties, and the components of the materials are continuously changed, so that a bonding interface between the interiors of different materials disappears, and the components are gradually changed, so that the performance mismatching factors of bonding parts are reduced and overcome. In the prior art, for example, an invention patent with publication number CN104588650A discloses a functional gradient part additive manufacturing method of heterogeneous powder, which relates to the application of powders with different components in additive manufacturing, and how to better obtain a gradient functional part, which is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
in the scheme, the powder feeding system which is arranged to be included in the forming device is provided with the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is provided with the mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines 22 passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 through the mixing cavity, powder mixing occurs in the mixing cavity or powder mixing occurs at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, therefore, powder added on the powder feeding cylinder 10 by the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is mixed with powder with different components under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, namely, the powder obtained on the powder feeding cylinder 10 is actually mixed powder after mixing of the powder with different components, thus, powder with different components from the powder feeding system can be effectively prevented from being accumulated in different areas among the powder with different components in the space, and the influence of area accumulation among the powder with different components in the forming cylinder 11 under the action of the powder spreading system is effectively avoided, the powder actually spread on the forming cylinder 11 is still the same type of components layered or tiled by regions, so that the finally obtained gradient part does not have the characteristic of gradual change transition among the components actually. By adopting the scheme, the gradient functional part with better quality can be obtained by using an additive manufacturing technology.
Example 2:
This embodiment is further limited on the basis of embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 1 to 5, in order to more accurately obtain the outlet position of the lower end of the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, as an easy-to-implement multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, it is configured as follows: the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is in a conical structure, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is vertically arranged, the large end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is the upper end, the powder output end is positioned at the lower end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, and the outlet ends of the powder feeding pipelines 22 are connected to the upper end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7;
The mixing cavity is a pore channel arranged in the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, and the pore channel is used as a communication channel between the outlet end of the powder feeding pipeline 22 and the powder output end. In the scheme, the appearance of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is designed so that the position of the lower end can accurately reflect the position of the powder output end when the multi-path powder mixing nozzle is used; if the position of the powder on the powder feeding cylinder 10 is required to be matched with the powder blocking groove 9 to regulate, the lower end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 can be smoothly embedded into the powder blocking groove 9 through the structural design; after the powder of different compositions that store in powder flow powder feeder 2 passes through powder feeding pipeline 22 and transmits to multichannel powder mixing nozzle 7, correspond the powder and fall in the pore, be many through designing for the pore itself, and the pore is crossing before the powder output end, can realize mixing the powder, also can set up to the pore be one, for example for an annular cavity around multichannel powder mixing nozzle 7 axis, and above annular cavity be the toper, the exit end of powder feeding pipeline 22 is connected in the different positions of annular cavity upper end, the powder of different compositions is amalgamated at powder output end position and is realized mixing the powder.
In order to enable the device to remove powder on the powder feeding cylinder 10 and/or the forming cylinder 11 before or during the additive manufacturing process so as to better control the processing quality of the gradient functional parts, the device is provided with the following steps: the powder cleaning device further comprises a powder cleaning system, wherein the powder cleaning system comprises a dust collector 1, a powder cleaning pipeline 21 and a powder cleaning nozzle 8, and the powder cleaning pipeline 21 is used as a connecting pipeline between the dust collector 1 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8, so that when the dust collector 1 works, the suction force for sucking powder on the powder feeding cylinder 10 and/or the forming cylinder 11 is generated at the inlet end of the powder cleaning nozzle 8. The powder cleaning system based on the negative pressure adsorption principle is provided.
as a person skilled in the art, the positions of the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 in the space during actual operation need to be adjusted, and as a specific driving scheme for realizing the above adjustment: the method comprises the following steps: the powder mixing device also comprises a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the powder cleaning nozzle 8 and the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 in the space;
The driving mechanism comprises an X-direction linear motion module 3, a Y-direction linear motion module 4 and a first fixing support 5, and the first fixing support 5 is fixed on the Y-axis linear motion module; the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 are both fixed on the first fixed bracket 5;
the X-axis linear motion module can drive the Y-axis linear motion module to move left and right along the X axis;
The Y-axis linear motion module can drive the first fixing support 5 to move back and forth along the Y-axis longitudinally. As the technical personnel in the field, the X direction and the Y direction correspond to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in a rectangular space coordinate system, the first fixing support 5 can move along the X axis under the action of the X-direction linear motion module 3 and can move along the Y axis under the action of the Y-direction linear motion module 4 by adopting the scheme, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction defined above are relative motion directions, and thus, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 which are arranged on the first fixing support 5 are fixed to realize position adjustment in a manner of following with the first fixing support 5.
based on the further technical scheme of the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism further comprises a second fixing support 6, the second fixing support 6 is fixed on the X-axis linear motion module, and the X-axis linear motion module can drive the second fixing support 6 to move left and right along the X axis;
the device comprises a motion module chamber 18 and a selective laser forming chamber 19, wherein the X-direction linear motion module 3 is arranged in the motion module chamber 18;
The device also comprises a powder feeding cylinder 10, a forming cylinder 11 and a material receiving cylinder 12, wherein the powder feeding cylinder 10, the forming cylinder 11 and the material receiving cylinder 12 are all arranged in a selective laser forming chamber 19;
The powder forming device also comprises a shielding plate 15 fixedly connected to the second fixed support 6, wherein the shielding plate 15 is used as a separation plate between the moving module chamber 18 and the selective laser forming chamber 19 after powder laying on the forming cylinder 11 is completed. In the scheme, the movement module chamber 18 and the selective laser forming chamber 19 are arranged on the device frame, the second fixing support 6 is used as a mounting frame of the baffle plate 15, and the baffle plate 15 is used as a separating plate when the movement module chamber 18 and the selective laser forming chamber 19 need to be separated, so that functional parts on the forming device can be effectively protected, for example, powder dust in the selective laser forming chamber 19 in the additive manufacturing process is prevented from falling to the movement module chamber 18.
as a technical scheme capable of avoiding sputtering of powder in the powder falling process, the method is characterized in that: the powder feeding device is characterized by further comprising a powder blocking groove 9 fixedly connected to the second fixing support 6, wherein the powder blocking groove 9 is of a strip structure, the length direction of the powder blocking groove is along the length direction of the powder feeding cylinder 10, the powder blocking groove 9 is further provided with a groove body, the width of the upper end of the groove body is larger than that of the lower end of the groove body, the groove body is of a long strip shape, the length direction of the groove body is along the length direction of the powder blocking groove 9, and the length direction of the powder blocking groove 9 is perpendicular to the distance direction between the powder feeding cylinder;
And the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is embedded into the groove body from the upper end of the groove body. In this scheme, keep off powder groove 9 and can realize falling the powder along the powder of X axle direction along second fixed bolster 6 synchronous motion, keep off powder groove 9 and be the bar, aim at realizing that the powder mouth 7 is fallen the powder along the powder of Y axle direction for keeping off powder groove 9 to its length direction's injecture simultaneously to the multichannel.
As a more perfect technical scheme, the method is set as follows: the powder spreading system comprises a scraper 16, a scraper bracket 17 and a scraper 16 linear guide rail; the scraper 16 is fixed on a scraper support 17, and the scraper 16 and the scraper support 17 do reciprocating linear movement along the direction of the distance between the powder feeding cylinder 10 and the forming cylinder 11 under the constraint of a linear guide rail of the scraper 16;
in the reciprocating linear motion process, powder is transmitted to the forming cylinder 11 from the powder feeding cylinder 10, and powder spreading of the forming cylinder 11 is realized; after the powder spreading of the forming cylinder 11 is completed, the scraper 16 is reset in the above reciprocating linear motion process.
and a laser light path device 20 for realizing selective melting of the powder on the forming cylinder 11.
Example 3:
The embodiment discloses a gradient functional part forming method based on additive manufacturing on the basis of any one of the technical solutions provided by embodiment 1 or 2, and the method comprises a powder laying step of laying powder on a powder feeding cylinder 10 onto a forming cylinder 11 under the action of a powder laying system, wherein the powder laying step comprises a mixed powder laying process, and the mixed powder laying process is realized by a forming device as described in any one of the above items: according to the part processing requirement, the preset powder with different components in the powder flow powder feeder 2 is conveyed to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 through different powder feeding pipelines 22 in proportion, and the powder with different components is laid on the powder feeding cylinder 10 in a mixed state under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7. As described above, according to the present scheme, the powder added to the powder feeding cylinder 10 by the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7 is mixed with different component powders under the action of the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, that is, the powder obtained from the powder feeding cylinder 10 is actually mixed with different component powders, so that the powder with different components from the powder feeding system can be effectively prevented from being stacked in different regions among different component powders in the space, and the influence of the regional stacking among the different component powders on the forming cylinder 11 under the action of the powder spreading system is caused, and the actual powder spreading on the forming cylinder 11 is still layered or tiled in different regions for the same type of components, so that the finally obtained gradient part does not have the characteristic of gradual change among components. By adopting the scheme, the gradient functional part with better quality can be obtained by using an additive manufacturing technology.
example 4:
this embodiment is further defined on the basis of the technical solution provided in embodiment 3: through the powder paving system, the powder quantity of the powder which is obtained on the forming cylinder 11 and is suitable for the powder required by single laser scanning is N, the powder quantity of the powder which is transferred to the powder feeding cylinder 10 at a single time is M through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, the numerical value of M is D times of the numerical value of N, and D is a positive coefficient larger than 1. This scheme of adoption utilizes multichannel to mix powder mouth 7 promptly and once only send powder to powder feeding cylinder 10, utilizes the powder system of spreading to accomplish many times the shaping jar 11 and spreads the powder, and the powder system of spreading accomplishes the powder volume that the powder volume of spreading that the jar 11 of once forming spread the powder and satisfy the required powder of many times laser scanning, like this, can effectively promote the efficiency of gradient function part vibration material disk.
Example 5:
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment, in combination with the above embodiments, provides a functional part forming apparatus and a forming method specifically based on additive manufacturing:
A gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing comprises a powder flow powder feeding system, a powder cleaning system, a powder feeding and cleaning motion module, a laser optical path device 20 for selective laser melting additive, a powder feeding cylinder 10, a forming cylinder 11, a material receiving cylinder 12 and a powder spreading system,
The powder flow powder feeding system comprises a powder flow powder feeder 2, a powder feeding pipeline 22, a powder feeding nozzle upright post 23 and a multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7; the powder feeding pipeline 22 connects the powder flow feeder 2 and the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7, the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7 is fixed at the lower end of the powder feeding nozzle upright post 23, and the powder flow feeder 2 can selectively feed powder of required materials or components into the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle 7 through the powder feeding pipeline 22.
the powder cleaning system comprises a dust collector 1, a powder cleaning pipeline 21, a powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24 and a powder cleaning nozzle 8; the powder cleaning pipeline 21 is connected with the dust collector 1 and the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24, the powder cleaning nozzle 8 is fixed at the lower end of the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24, and the dust collector 1 can clean powder through the powder cleaning nozzle 8, the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24 and the powder cleaning pipeline 21.
the powder feeding and cleaning motion module comprises an X-axis linear motion module 3, a Y-axis linear motion module 4, a first fixed support 5, a second fixed support 6, a powder blocking groove 9, a motion module chamber 18 and a baffle plate 15; the X-axis linear motion module 3 and the Y-axis linear motion module 4 are fixed in the motion module chamber 18, the second fixing support 6 is fixed on the X-axis linear motion module 3, the powder blocking groove 9 is sequentially fixed at the right end of the second fixing support 6 from the left side, and the shielding plate 15 is fixed on the second fixing support 6 through the fixing rib 30; the first fixed bracket 5 is fixed on the Y-axis linear motion module 4; the powder feeding pipeline 22, the powder feeding nozzle upright column 23, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, the powder cleaning pipeline 21, the powder cleaning nozzle upright column 24 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 are all fixed on the first fixing support 5.
The X-axis linear motion module 3 can drive the Y-axis linear motion module 4, the second fixed bracket 6, the powder blocking groove 9 and the shielding plate 15 to move left and right along the X-axis transverse direction and is driven by an X-axis motor 26;
The Y-axis linear motion module 4 can drive the first fixed support 5, the powder feeding pipeline 22, the powder feeding nozzle upright post 23, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, the powder cleaning pipeline 21, the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 to move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the Y axis and is driven by a Y-axis motor 27;
the powder feeding cylinder 10, the forming cylinder 11 and the material receiving cylinder 12 are all located in the selective laser forming chamber 19, the powder feeding cylinder 10 moves up and down by the powder feeding cylinder motor 28 driving the powder feeding cylinder linear motion module 14, and the forming cylinder 11 moves up and down by the forming cylinder motor 29 driving the forming cylinder linear motion module 13.
the powder paving system comprises a scraper 16, a scraper bracket 17 and a scraper linear guide rail 25; the scraper 16 is fixed on the scraper support 17, and the scraper 16 and the scraper support 17 are driven by the scraper linear guide 25 to move left and right along the X axis.
Furthermore, the powder feeding nozzle upright column 23 and the powder cleaning nozzle upright column 24 are fixed on the first fixed support 5, can be driven by the X-axis linear motion module 3 to move left and right along the X axis in the transverse direction, and can be driven by the Y-axis linear motion module 4 to move back and forth along the Y axis in the longitudinal direction;
Furthermore, the powder blocking groove 9 and the blocking plate 15 are fixed on the second fixing bracket 6 and can be driven by the X-axis linear motion module 3 to move left and right along the X-axis;
Further, the powder flow feeder 2 is of a multi-path powder flow feeding type, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is of a coaxial hollow structure, and is connected with the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 through a multi-path powder feeding pipeline 22, and powder of different materials is mixed in the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7.
furthermore, the powder cleaning pipeline 21, the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 are in hollow pipeline structures, and powder in a specific area can be cleaned through the negative pressure air suction effect of the dust collector 1.
furthermore, the middle of the powder blocking groove 9 is provided with a groove, and the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 is positioned in the inner groove of the powder blocking groove 9, so that sputtering in the powder falling process can be avoided;
further, the laser optical path device 20 can be used for selective melting of powder in the additive manufacturing process;
furthermore, the shielding plate 15 is located at the right side of the second fixing bracket 6, so that dust in the laser forming chamber 19 in the selective area of the additive manufacturing process can be prevented from falling to the moving module chamber 18.
A method of forming a gradient functional part based on additive manufacturing, the method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: formulating a material gradient scheme according to a target gradient functional part to be additively manufactured, and generating a corresponding multi-material powder feeding program, a powder cleaning program and a laser scanning path;
Importing target three-dimensional model data into a control system, determining a material gradient strategy according to the data of the material required by each sliced layer, controlling a powder flow powder feeder 2 to drop the corresponding material into a powder blocking groove 9 through a powder feeding pipeline 22 and a multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 according to the proportion, and dropping the powder onto a powder feeding cylinder 10 to generate a multi-material powder feeding program;
meanwhile, according to the model data of the adjacent sliced layers, in order to prevent the powder mixing of the powder feeding cylinder 10, the dust collector 1 is controlled to remove the powder in the powder feeding cylinder 10 through the powder feeding pipeline 22 and the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24, and a powder removing program is generated; the computer obtains interface model data of the whole slicing layer of the part, and generates a laser scanning path according to the material, the external contour and the internal contour of the slicing layer;
Step 2: importing the data of the slice model into an additive manufacturing control system;
And step 3: the additive manufacturing control system extracts material data corresponding to each sliced layer according to a material gradient strategy, adjusts corresponding laser process parameters, the X-direction linear motion module 3 drives the second fixing support 6, the powder blocking groove 9 and the shielding plate 15 to move rightwards along the X-axis in the transverse direction through the X-axis motor 26, and simultaneously moves the first fixing support 5, the powder feeding pipeline 22, the powder feeding nozzle upright post 23, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, the powder cleaning pipeline 21, the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 rightwards along the X-axis in the transverse direction through the Y-direction linear motion module 4, and moves the powder cleaning nozzle 8 to the upper side of the powder feeding cylinder 10;
And 4, step 4: the X-direction linear motion module 3 and the Y-direction linear motion module 4 control the dust collector 1 to remove the powder in the powder feeding cylinder 10 through the powder feeding pipeline 22, the powder cleaning nozzle upright post 24 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 according to corresponding paths through the X-axis motor 26 and the Y-axis motor 27;
and 5: controlling the powder flow powder feeder 2 to feed corresponding materials to the powder feeding pipeline 22 and the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7 according to the proportion, and simultaneously enabling the powder to longitudinally fall into the powder blocking groove 9 along the Y axis through the Y-axis motor 27 by the Y-direction linear motion module 4 and fall onto the powder feeding cylinder 10;
step 6: after the powder falls onto the powder feeding cylinder 10 through the powder blocking groove 9, the X-direction linear motion module 3 drives the second fixing support 6, the powder blocking groove 9 and the shielding plate 15 to transversely move to the left side along the X axis through the X-axis motor 26, and simultaneously, the Y-direction linear motion module 4 transversely moves the first fixing support 5, the powder feeding pipeline 22, the powder feeding nozzle upright column 23, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle 7, the powder cleaning pipeline 21, the powder cleaning nozzle upright column 24 and the powder cleaning nozzle 8 to the left side along the X axis;
And 7: the scraper linear guide rail 25 drives the scraper support 17 and the scraper 16 to move leftwards in the X-axis direction, powder in the powder feeding cylinder 10 is spread in the forming cylinder 11, and then the scraper linear guide rail 25 drives the scraper support 17 and the scraper 16 to transversely return to the right side in the X-axis direction;
and 8: after the powder spreading is finished, the laser optical path device 20 performs selective laser melting on the powder according to a laser scanning path; after the melting operation of the layer selection area is completed, the forming cylinder descends to a certain forming height, and the steps of the multi-material powder feeding program, the powder removing program, the powder laying and the scanning strategy path planning are repeated until the gradient functional part completes the additive manufacturing process.
And step 9: after the selective melting operation is completed, repeating the steps of multi-material powder feeding, powder removing, powder laying and laser scanning path selective laser melting, namely step 3, step 4, step 5, step 6, step 7 and step 8 until the additive manufacturing of the gradient functional part is completed.
this embodiment realizes the vibration material disk of different proportion component materials in different section layers. The powder spreading device adopts a composite mode of feeding powder by a feeding cylinder and feeding powder by a powder flow, and finally, the powder is spread by a scraper, so that the powder removal, the powder feeding and the powder spreading of different materials of powder in the same slicing layer are realized;
The embodiment effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the powder made of different materials. Different from the traditional whole-layer powder paving, the embodiment utilizes the multi-path powder mixing nozzle to feed the powder to the feeding cylinder along the Y-axis direction, and then utilizes the feeding cylinder and the scraper to compound the powder for additive manufacturing, so that the pre-powder paving amount required by different materials of powder is reduced;
the dust collector of the embodiment realizes the removal of powder in the feeding cylinder through the powder removing nozzle, and solves the problem of powder mixing of different materials of powder among different slicing layers;
the gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing can be organically integrated with existing selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment, and the equipment modification cost is low and convenient;
The gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing can realize precise forming of a complex-structure gradient functional part, and can enable the prepared gradient functional part to be gradually changed according to a preset component ratio.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the specific embodiments of the present invention be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, other embodiments that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing comprises a powder feeding system and is characterized in that the powder feeding system comprises a powder flow powder feeder (2), a powder feeding pipeline (22) and a multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7), the powder feeding pipeline (22) is provided with a plurality of pipelines, the powder feeding pipeline (22) is used as a pipeline for conveying powder from the powder flow powder feeder (2) to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7), and the powder flow powder feeder (2) can convey powder with different components to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) through at least two powder feeding pipelines (22);
The multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) is provided with a mixing cavity, powder from different powder feeding pipelines (22) passes through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) through the mixing cavity, and powder mixing occurs in the mixing cavity or at the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7).
2. The gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing is characterized in that the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) is in a conical structure in shape, the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) is vertically arranged, the large end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) is the upper end, the powder output end is positioned at the lower end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7), and the outlet end of the powder feeding pipeline (22) is connected to the upper end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7);
The mixing cavity is a pore channel arranged in the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle (7), and the pore channel is used as a communication channel between the outlet end of the powder feeding pipeline (22) and the powder output end.
3. The gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing is characterized by further comprising a powder cleaning system, wherein the powder cleaning system comprises a dust collector (1), a powder cleaning pipeline (21) and a powder cleaning nozzle (8), and the powder cleaning pipeline (21) is used as a connecting pipeline between the dust collector (1) and the powder cleaning nozzle (8), so that when the dust collector (1) works, the suction force for sucking powder on the powder feeding cylinder (10) and/or the forming cylinder (11) is generated on the inlet end of the powder cleaning nozzle (8).
4. the forming device for gradient functional parts based on additive manufacturing is characterized by further comprising a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the powder cleaning nozzle (8) and the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle (7) in the space;
the driving mechanism comprises an X-direction linear motion module (3), a Y-direction linear motion module (4) and a first fixing support (5), and the first fixing support (5) is fixed on the Y-axis linear motion module (4); the multi-channel powder mixing nozzle (7) and the powder cleaning nozzle (8) are fixed on the first fixing support (5);
the X-axis linear motion module (3) can drive the Y-axis linear motion module (4) to move left and right along the X axis;
The Y-axis linear motion module (4) can drive the first fixing support (5) to move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the Y axis.
5. the forming device for the gradient functional parts based on the additive manufacturing is characterized by further comprising a second fixing bracket (6), wherein the second fixing bracket (6) is fixed on the X-axis linear motion module (3), and the X-axis linear motion module (3) can drive the second fixing bracket (6) to move left and right along the X-axis transversely;
the device comprises a motion module chamber (18) and a selective laser forming chamber (19), and the X-direction linear motion module (3) is arranged in the motion module chamber (18);
the powder feeding device is characterized by further comprising a powder feeding cylinder (10), a forming cylinder (11) and a material receiving cylinder (12), wherein the powder feeding cylinder (10), the forming cylinder (11) and the material receiving cylinder (12) are all arranged in the selective laser forming chamber (19);
the powder-spreading device further comprises a shielding plate (15) fixedly connected to the second fixing support (6), and the shielding plate (15) is used as a separating plate between the moving module chamber (18) and the selective laser forming chamber (19) after powder spreading on the forming cylinder (11) is completed.
6. The gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing is characterized by further comprising a powder blocking groove (9) fixedly connected to the second fixing support (6), wherein the powder blocking groove (9) is of a strip-shaped structure with the length direction along the length direction of the powder feeding cylinder (10), a groove body with the width of the upper end larger than that of the lower end is further arranged on the powder blocking groove (9), the groove body is of a long strip shape, the length direction of the groove body is along the length direction of the powder blocking groove (9), and the length direction of the powder blocking groove (9) is perpendicular to the distance direction between the powder feeding cylinder (10) and the forming cylinder (11);
and the powder output end of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) is embedded into the groove body from the upper end of the groove body.
7. The gradient functional part forming device based on additive manufacturing is characterized by further comprising a powder laying system, wherein the powder laying system comprises a scraper (16), a scraper bracket (17), a scraper linear guide rail (25); the scraper (16) is fixed on the scraper support (17), and the scraper (16) and the scraper support (17) do reciprocating linear movement along the direction of the distance between the powder feeding cylinder (10) and the forming cylinder (11) under the constraint of the scraper linear guide rail (25);
In the reciprocating linear motion process, powder is transmitted to the forming cylinder (11) from the powder feeding cylinder (10) to realize powder paving of the forming cylinder (11); after the powder spreading of the forming cylinder (11) is finished, the scraper (16) is reset in the reciprocating linear motion process.
8. A forming device for gradient functional parts based on additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by further comprising laser light path means (20) for achieving selective melting of powder on the forming cylinder (11).
9. A gradient functional part forming method based on additive manufacturing, comprising a powder laying step of laying powder on a powder feeding cylinder (10) onto a forming cylinder (11) under the action of a powder laying system, characterized in that the powder laying step comprises a mixed powder laying process, and the mixed powder laying process is realized by a forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 8: according to the part processing requirement, the preset powder with different components in the powder flow powder feeder (2) is conveyed to the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7) through different powder feeding pipelines (22) according to a certain proportion, and the powder with different components is laid on the powder feeding cylinder (10) in a mixed state under the action of the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7).
10. the method for forming a gradient functional part based on additive manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein the powder quantity of the powder required by a single laser scanning obtained on the forming cylinder (11) is N through a powder laying system, and the powder quantity of the powder transferred to the powder feeding cylinder (10) in a single time is M through the multi-path powder mixing nozzle (7), wherein the value of M is D times that of N, and D is a positive coefficient greater than 1.
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