CN110537504B - Eucalyptus multicastus essential oil and application of compound microbial inoculum thereof in preparation of insect repellent for marine fishes - Google Patents
Eucalyptus multicastus essential oil and application of compound microbial inoculum thereof in preparation of insect repellent for marine fishes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides eucalyptus multicasts essential oil and application of a compound microbial inoculum thereof in preparing an insect repellent for marine fishes, wherein the compound microbial inoculum comprises the eucalyptus multicasts essential oil and the microbial inoculum content of not less than 5 multiplied by 108 CFU/g streptomyces griseus HL-50, wherein the preservation number of the streptomyces griseus HL-50 is CGMCC No.18424, and the main effective component of the eucalyptus globulus essential oil is 1, 8-cineole. The eucalyptus multicasts essential oil compound microbial inoculum is simple to prepare and use, can effectively repel various parasites infected by seawater fish and inhibit bacteria only by uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum with the amount of 0.5-1.5 kg/ton of feed and continuously feeding the feed for 4-7 days, is non-toxic and harmless, is suitable for long-term use of fish, reduces the culture cost, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to eucalyptus multicasts essential oil and application of a compound microbial inoculum thereof in preparation of an insect repellent for marine fishes.
Background
The essential oil is volatile aromatic substances extracted from flowers, leaves, stems, roots or fruits of plants by a steam distillation method, an extrusion method, a cold soaking method or a solvent extraction method, wherein most of the essential oil is lighter than water, and the relative density is generally 0.8-1.17. The essential oil is sensitive to heat and light, so the essential oil needs to be stored in a dark container and a shade place, and the essential oil is mainly used for maintenance products and aromatherapy at present due to the characteristics of special aroma and solubility in organic solvents, but the plant essential oil has various functions, has the effects of resisting bacteria, preventing spasm, promoting growth, promoting cell metabolism and cell regeneration, enhancing immunity, resisting oxidation and the like besides the traditional functions of flavoring, relieving and refreshing, and can even improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. One of the essential oils is wood-based essential oil extracted from wood-based plants, such as sandalwood, cedar, birch, cedar, eaglewood, eucalyptus, etc.
The eucalyptus is a general name of plants in the eucalyptus genus of the myrtaceae family, most of the plants are tall trees, the shrubs are few, and the medicinal value is rich, while the common eucalyptus essential oil in the market is mostly derived from tall trees such as eucalyptus, but the eucalyptus essential oil is light in color and luster, not thick in sense, and not lasting in smell, and finally influences the using effect of the essential oil. The eucalyptus lobular (multi-bud eucalyptus) is distributed in Australia, grows in a very arid sandy land environment, contains more eucalyptol components than general eucalyptus globulus and has higher extraction rate, and essential oil produced by the multi-bud eucalyptus has high content and good quality, is a precious medical raw material, and can be widely used in the fields of antibiosis and insect expelling.
When the aquatic animals are cultured, various parasites and bacteria can be caused due to incomplete pond cleaning, poor water quality management, improper prevention and the like, so that huge loss is directly or indirectly caused to the whole aquaculture industry. In order to maintain the culture benefit, antibacterial pesticides become the just-needed products for aquaculture. However, in order to simply pursue the instant effect, the traditional medicine has the situations of heavy metal exceeding, unstable medicine dosage and the like, so that the stability of water quality is damaged, the health of aquatic animals is damaged, the immunity of the aquatic animals is reduced, the death event can be directly caused seriously, the production benefit is finally reduced, and the potential safety hazard is brought to consumers. Therefore, it is very important to prepare a natural, healthy, safe and bactericidal anthelmintic for aquatic animals.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides eucalyptus multicasts essential oil and application of a compound microbial inoculum thereof in preparing an insect repellent for marine fishes.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
the invention provides application of eucalyptus multicasts essential oil in preparing an insect repellent for marine fishes.
Further, the eucalyptus globulus oil is prepared from eucalyptus globulus leaves, and comprises the following components: 1, 8-cineole, beta-cymene, limonene, alpha-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, allomyrcene, alpha-terpineol, P-cymene, diacetone alcohol, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpene, gamma-terpene, mucoaldehyde, carvone, phellandrene, 4-chirp alkene, eucalyptene and beta-eucalyptol.
Further, the preparation process of the eucalyptus globulus essence oil comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the leaves of the eucalyptus globulus by a washing tower, a dryer and a grinder to obtain crushed leaves of the eucalyptus globulus;
(2) respectively putting the leaves of the eucalyptus globulus in the step (1) into a steam distillation kettle, a condenser and an oil-water demixer to obtain crude oil of the eucalyptus globulus essential oil;
(3) and (3) further removing moisture from the crude oil of the eucalyptus multicasts essential oil obtained in the step (2) through a fixed bed adsorption dryer, and then, removing impurity oil in a reduced pressure rectifying tower to obtain the eucalyptus multicasts essential oil.
The invention also provides application of the compound microbial inoculum of eucalyptus multicasts essential oil in preparing an insect repellent for marine fishes.
Further, the eucalyptus globulus bracteatum essential oil compound microbial inoculum comprises eucalyptus globulus bracteatum essential oil and streptomyces griseus HL-50.
Further, the preservation number of the streptomyces griseus HL-50 is CGMCC No. 18424.
Further, the bacterium content of the streptomyces griseus HL-50 is not less than 5 multiplied by 108 CFU/g。
Further, the marine fish comprises: perch, pomfret, flounder, tuna, cod, bonito, mackerel, eel, and salmon.
Further, the insect repellent is capable of killing the following parasites: sea lice, dactylogyrus, cryptocaryon irritans, ciliates, nematodes, and coccidia.
Further, the application method of the eucalyptus multicupillata essential oil compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: the eucalyptus bud essential oil compound bacterial agent is uniformly mixed in the edible feed for marine fishes according to the dosage of 0.5-1.5 kg/ton feed, and the feed is continuously fed for 4-7 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the Australian multicaste eucalyptus globulus is used as a raw material, the components are natural, the ingestion and growth of animals are not influenced, no toxicity or side effect is caused, and the culture water quality is not influenced, so that the prepared multicaste eucalyptus globulus essential oil has better quality, has better insect repelling effect, and can continuously play a role for a long time.
(2) The compound microbial inoculum prepared from the eucalyptus globulus essential oil and the streptomyces griseus HL-50 can effectively repel various parasites infected by seawater fishes, can repel insects, can effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful flora in animal intestinal tracts and living environments, reduces bacterial infection, and further improves the growth performance of the seawater fishes, is safe to use, does not generate any toxic or side effect, is simple to prepare, is environment-friendly, has a wide application range and a better effect, saves the culture cost, and has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing eucalyptus multicupus essential oil according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a table showing the specific components of eucalyptus multicupillata essential oil according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a colony of Streptomyces griseus HL-50 isolated according to the present invention on a Gao's synthetic No. one agar medium.
FIG. 4 shows the result of the application of the eucalyptus globulus essential oil to the Perch of the order Perch, wherein FIG. 4A shows the cheek infection of the Perch of the order Perch with sea lice; fig. 4B shows the gill sea lice shedding of the lateolabrax japonicus after 7 days of the use of eucalyptus multicasts essential oil.
FIG. 5 shows the result of the application of the eucalyptus globulus oil composite microbial inoculum on golden pomfret, wherein FIG. 5A shows that golden pomfret infected with dactylogyrus has more inflamed mucus at the gill part; FIG. 5B is a microscopic dactylogyrus; FIG. 5C shows that dactylogyrus has disappeared after the eucalyptus globulus essential oil complex microbial inoculum is used.
FIG. 6 shows the result of the application of the eucalyptus globulus oil complex microbial inoculum on golden pomfret, wherein FIG. 6A shows cryptocaryon irritans parasitized on golden pomfret; FIG. 6B shows Cryptocaryon irritans detected by microscopic examination; FIG. 6C shows that cryptocaryon irritans have disappeared after the application of the eucalyptus multiceps essential oil complex microbial agent.
FIG. 7 shows the experimental result of the eucalyptus globulus bract essential oil complex microbial inoculum for the turbot, wherein FIG. 7A shows the turbot with ulcerated wound; FIG. 7B shows ciliates under microscopic examination, and FIG. 7C shows that turbot wound has been recovered after eucalyptus globulus essential oil complex microbial inoculum is used.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Preparation of eucalyptus essential oil containing multiple leaves
The preparation process flow of the eucalyptus multibladybutton essential oil is shown in figure 1, firstly, leaves of the eucalyptus multibladybutton are placed into a water washing tower to be washed, then the leaves are placed into a dryer to be dried, then the leaves are crushed in a crusher and then respectively enter a steam distillation kettle, a condenser and an oil-water separator to separate an oil phase and a water phase, wherein the water phase enters an ether extractor to separate waste water, liquid containing ether enters an ether recovery tower to recover the ether, the recovered ether and oil phase liquid are added into a solid bed adsorption dryer to further remove water in the oil phase, and finally the oil phase liquid is added into a reduced pressure rectification tower to be rectified to remove impurity oil, so that the eucalyptus multibladybutton essential oil is obtained.
The eucalyptus multicupillata essential oil prepared in this example was stored in a sealed, light-tight container and kept away from light. The specific detected components are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the two graphs that the components with the largest relative content in the eucalyptus multicastus essential oil are 1, 8-cineole (83.8%), which is also the most main effective component in the eucalyptus multicastus essential oil of the present invention, and have significant antibacterial and anthelmintic effects, and other components include β -cymene (3.43%), limonene (2.5%), α -pinene (1.8%), isomyrcene (1.08%), terpinen-4-ol (0.88%), α -terpineol (0.58%), eucalyptol (0.54%), P-cymene (0.51%), and the like.
II, screening, separating and identifying streptomyces griseus HL-50
1. Screening of Streptomyces griseus HL-50
Taking soil as a sample, and uniformly mixing the soil and sterile water to prepare the soil 10-1Diluting the solution, and respectively preparing 10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5And (4) diluting the solution. Respectively take 10-3、10-4、10-5Coating the diluent on Gao's synthetic first agar culture medium, culturing at 30 deg.C for 7d, selecting obvious colony, purifying for multiple times to obtain single colony, named HL-50, and storing in Gao's synthetic first agar slant culture medium. The formula of the Gao's synthetic agar medium I is as follows: KNO31g of soluble starch, 20g of soluble starch, K2HPO4 0.5g，MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g，NaCl 0.5g，FeSO40.01g, agar 20g, distilled water 1000mL, pH 7.2. As shown in FIG. 3, the colony biological characteristics of the strain HL-50 in the Gao synthesized agar-No. one culture medium are as follows: the colony is round, small in area, slightly protuberant in the middle, light earthy yellow, slightly velvet and opaque on the surface, and aerial hyphae grow vigorously and are milky white. The growth temperature of the strain is 16-40 ℃, the suitable growth temperature is 24-35 ℃, the growth pH is 4-9, and the suitable growth pH is 6-8.
2. 16S rRNA sequencing of Streptomyces griseus HL-50
Extracting genome DNA of the strain HL-50, using the genome DNA as a template, using a 16S rRNA universal primer to carry out PCR amplification, obtaining a 16S rRNA amplification sequence, sequencing, and carrying out sequencing on the obtained nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No.1The results of the line Blast comparison show that the strain HL-50 and the streptomyces griseus in GenBank gene bankStreptomyces griseusThe homology is highest, so the strain HL-50 is judged to be streptomyces griseus.
And (3) performing strain preservation on the screened streptomyces griseus HL-50, wherein the preservation unit comprises the following steps: china general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC); address: western road No.1, north west city of township, beijing, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences; the preservation date is as follows: 8 month 27 year 2019; streptomyces griseusStreptomyces griseusThe preservation number of (2) is CGMCC No. 18424.
Preparation of multi-bud eucalyptus essential oil compound microbial inoculum
The content of the eucalyptus globulus oil and bacteria is not less than 5 × 108 And mixing the CFU/g streptomyces griseus HL-50 uniformly to prepare the eucalyptus essential oil composite microbial inoculum. When the eucalyptus globulus bracteatum essential oil compound microbial inoculum is used, the amount of 1 kg/ton of feed is mixed in the edible feed for marine fishes, and the feed is fed according to normal feeding management for 4-7 days continuously.
Example 2
The eucalyptus multiceps essential oil prepared in example 1 was subjected to an insect repelling experiment, and the test site was selected from betel of malaysia in a seawater cage with a specification of 0.1 kg. After parasites are detected on gills of the percolates of the golden weever, 1kg of eucalyptus globulus oil is mixed with 1 ton of feed according to normal feeding management, and the feeds are continuously fed for 7 days and are fed for 3 times every day. After 7 days, the gill parasites of the Perciformes were examined again. As shown in fig. 4, in the initial feeding period, the fins of the yellow perch are infected with sea lice; after feeding for 7 days, the sea lice on the gills of the perca kummensis are detected to fall off, so that the eucalyptus globulus essential oil has an obvious insect expelling effect on the perca kummensis.
Example 3
Golden pomfret is cultured in cage in Zhanjiang river, the gill part of the golden pomfret is red and swollen and has much mucus, and then microscopic examination is carried out to find that the gill part of the golden pomfret has more dactylogyrus. 1kg of the eucalyptus multiceps essential oil complex microbial inoculum prepared in example 1 was mixed with 1 ton of feed according to normal feeding management, and the feed was continuously fed for 7 days and 3 times a day. After 7 days, the gill parasites of golden pomfret were again examined. As shown in FIG. 5, in the early stage of feeding, the gilt pomfret gilt gills are infected with dactylogyrus; after feeding for 7 days, the dactylogyrus on the cheek part disappears, which can show that the eucalyptus globulus essential oil compound microbial inoculum has obvious insect expelling effect on golden pompano.
Example 4
Golden pomfret is cage-cultured in the Zhanjiang river, small white spots are found at the gill part, and then microscopic examination is carried out to find that more cryptocaryon irritans exist at the gill part of the golden pomfret. 1kg of the eucalyptus multiceps essential oil complex microbial inoculum prepared in example 1 was mixed with 1 ton of feed according to normal feeding management, and the feed was continuously fed for 7 days and 3 times a day. After 7 days, the gill parasites were again examined. As shown in FIG. 6, in the early stage of feeding, the gilt pomfret gilt gills are infected with cryptocaryon irritans; after feeding for 7 days, the cryptocaryon irritans on the cheek parts are detected to fall off, which can show that the eucalyptus multocarpus essential oil compound microbial inoculum has obvious insect expelling effect on golden pompano.
Example 5
The turbot is cultured in the Xingsheng area of Liaoning, the wound of the fish body is found, and the infection of the scuticociliatida is detected by a microscope. 1kg of the eucalyptus multiceps essential oil complex microbial inoculum prepared in example 1 was mixed with 1 ton of feed according to normal feeding management, and the feed was continuously fed for 7 days and 3 times a day. After 7 days, the turbot was again examined for parasites. As shown in figure 7, in the initial feeding period, the body surface of the turbot is ulcerated, and ciliates are found at the wound; after feeding for 7 days, the festering wound of the turbot is detected to be healed, and the wound has no ciliate, so that the eucalyptus multibanded eucalyptus essential oil compound microbial inoculum has an obvious insect expelling effect on the turbot.
Example 6
Eel is cultured in the Weihai area in Shandong, white short-line substances exist in the eel body, and the eel is examined by a microscope to find that a large amount of anisakis exist in the eel body. 1kg of the eucalyptus multiceps essential oil complex microbial inoculum prepared in example 1 was mixed with 1 ton of feed according to normal feeding management, and the feed was continuously fed for 7 days and 3 times a day. After 7 days, the fish were again examined for endoparasites. In the initial feeding stage, the eel body is infected with the aphelenchoides besseyi; after feeding for 7 days, the in vivo anisakis disappears, which shows that the eucalyptus globulus essential oil compound microbial inoculum has obvious insect expelling effect on eels.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Sequence listing
<110> Shandong Longchang animal health products Co Ltd
<120> application of eucalyptus multicasts essential oil and compound bacterial agent thereof in preparation of insect repellent for marine fishes
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1475
<212> DNA
<213> Streptomyces griseus
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ggaaacgggg tctaataccg gataacactc tgtcccgcat gggacggggt taaaagctcc 180
ggcggtgaag gatgagcccg cggcctatca gcttgttggt ggggtaatgg cctaccaagg 240
cgacgacggg tagccggcct gagagggcga ccggccacac tgggactgag acacggccca 300
gactcctacg ggaggcagca gtggggaata ttgcacaatg ggcgaaagcc tgatgcagcg 360
acgccgcgtg agggatgacg gccttcgggt tgtaaacctc tttcagcagg gaagaagcga 420
gagtgacggt acctgcagaa gaagcgccgg ctaactacgt gccagcagcc gcggtaatac 480
gtagggcgca agcgttgtcc ggaattattg ggcgtaaaga gctcgtaggc ggcttgtcac 540
gtcggatgtg aaagcccggg gcttaacccc gggtctgcat tcgatacggg ctagctagag 600
tgtggtaggg gagatcggaa ttcctggtgt agcggtgaaa tgcgcagata tcaggaggaa 660
caccggtggc gaaggcggat ctctgggcca ttactgacgc tgaggagcga aagcgtgggg 720
agcgaacagg attagatacc ctggtagtcc acgccgtaaa cgttgggaac taggtgttgg 780
cgacattcca cgtcgtcggt gccgcagcta acgcattaag ttccccgcct ggggagtacg 840
gccgcaaggc taaaactcaa aggaattgac gggggcccgc acaagcagcg gagcatgtgg 900
cttaattcga cgcaacgcga agaaccttac caaggcttga catataccgg aaagcatcag 960
agatggtgcc ccccttgtgg tcggtataca ggtggtgcat ggctgtcgtc agctcgtgtc 1020
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Claims (5)
1. The application of the compound microbial inoculum containing the eucalyptus globulus oil in preparing the insect repellent for seawater fishes is characterized in that the compound microbial inoculum containing the eucalyptus globulus oil comprises the eucalyptus globulus oil and streptomyces griseus HL-50, and the preservation number of the streptomyces griseus HL-50 is CGMCC No. 18424;
the eucalyptus multicastus essential oil is prepared from eucalyptus multicasts leaves and comprises the following components: 1, 8-cineole, beta-cymene, limonene, alpha-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, allojunene, alpha-terpineol, P-cymene, diacetone alcohol, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpene, gamma-terpene, mucoaldehyde, carvone, phellandrene, 4-chirp ene, eucalyptene and beta-eucalyptol;
the preparation process of the eucalyptus multicastus essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the leaves of the eucalyptus globulus by a washing tower, a dryer and a grinder to obtain crushed leaves of the eucalyptus globulus;
(2) respectively putting the leaves of the eucalyptus globulus in the step (1) into a steam distillation kettle, a condenser and an oil-water demixer to obtain crude oil of the eucalyptus globulus essential oil;
(3) and (3) further removing moisture from the crude oil of the eucalyptus multicasts essential oil obtained in the step (2) through a fixed bed adsorption dryer, and then, removing impurity oil in a reduced pressure rectifying tower to obtain the eucalyptus multicasts essential oil.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the Streptomyces griseus HL-50 has a bacterial content of not less than 5 x 108 CFU/g。
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the marine fish comprises: perch, pomfret, flounder, tuna, cod, bonito, mackerel, eel, and salmon.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the insect repellent is capable of killing the following parasites: sea lice, dactylogyrus, cryptocaryon irritans, ciliates, nematodes, and coccidia.
5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the application method of the eucalyptus multicasts essential oil compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: the eucalyptus bud essential oil compound bacterial agent is uniformly mixed in the edible feed for marine fishes according to the dosage of 0.5-1.5 kg/ton feed, and the feed is continuously fed for 4-7 days.
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Address after: No. 9 Yanying North Road, Yanbei Street Office, Qihe County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, 253000 Patentee after: Shandong Longchang Animal Health Products Co.,Ltd. Address before: 251100 No.1, North Park Road, Qihe Economic Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong Province Patentee before: SHANDONG LONGCHANG ANIMAL HEALTH PRODUCT Co.,Ltd. |