CN110523019A - Buffer type speed difference anti-drop device based on leaf spring - Google Patents

Abstract

This patent provides a buffer type speed difference anti-falling device which can not only reliably lock, but also prevent a large force on the human body during locking, and has a buffer effect. It includes a frame, a central shaft, a rotating drum set on the central shaft, and a safety rope wound on the drum; a lock including a pawl and a ratchet is set in the space between the frame and the drum disc. The ratchet guide device is fixed on the frame, and the ratchet wheel can be set on the ratchet guide device so that it can rotate relative to the ratchet wheel guide device. One end of the leaf spring is fixed on the central shaft, and the other end extends into the slide on the inner circumference of the ratchet wheel. The groove is slidingly matched with the chute; the pawl is set on the pawl shaft fixed on the drum; when the rotation speed of the drum in the working direction exceeds the locking speed, the pawl rotates around the pawl shaft under the action of centrifugal force When it rotates, the ratchet will snap into the groove of the ratchet, and the drum and the ratchet will drive the ratchet to start rotating together. Under the action of the leaf spring, it will stop after turning a certain angle.

Description

Buffer type speed difference anti-drop device based on leaf spring

technical field

This patent relates to the field of safety protective equipment, in particular to a leaf spring-based cushioning speed difference anti-falling device for workers working at heights.

Background technique

High-altitude operations and various infrastructure constructions are in full swing, and people's requirements for operational safety are getting higher and higher. The definition of seat belts and safety ropes is no longer limited to the traditional concepts, but is extended to speed differential fall arresters, guide rail fall arresters and rope fall arresters, etc. according to different usage occasions. Among them, the speed difference anti-fall device, also known as the speed difference automatic controller, can meet the changing working environment and production needs, so it is the most widely used, and its market share is about 80% of all anti-fall devices. It is currently an ideal anti-fall from high altitude device, which fundamentally solves the problem of frequent high-altitude safety accidents.

When working at heights, one end of the frame of the speed difference anti-fall device is suspended at a high place, and the safety rope extends out of the outer end of the speed difference anti-fall device to hang on the operator's waist (or a complete belt tied on the operator's waist). Follow up with the workers' work. Its working principle is that when the operator descends at a normal speed during normal work, the safety rope wound on the drum of the fall arrester follows the movement of the human body and is released at an appropriate length. Once the operator descends too fast or occurs When falling, because the release speed of the safety rope exceeds the normal speed, the internal mechanism of the fall arrester takes effect, the drum is locked, and the safety rope cannot be released, which avoids the impact injury that may be caused by the operator’s continued fall. When the operator returns to normal work , the anti-drop device can be manually unlocked for the next safety protection.

For high-altitude workers, the speed differential fall arrester is an essential protective equipment. But the general high-altitude speed difference anti-dropping device does not have the buffer function, that is, the drum will stop rotating at the moment it is locked (of course, the safety rope will no longer be released), that is to say, the speed of the drum will drop to zero instantly. The descending speed of the operator is also instantly reduced to zero, which causes the outer end of the safety rope tied to the operator's waist (or the complete belt around the operator's waist) to exert a large force on the human body and cause serious injury to the human body, so it has a buffer function The research on the speed difference anti-drop device is necessary and has broad application prospects.

Contents of the invention

This patent aims at the problem that the speed difference anti-dropping device stops immediately at the moment of locking and has a great impact on the human body. It provides a device that can not only lock reliably, but also prevent a large force on the human body during locking, and has a cushioning function. The most effective buffer type anti-falling device based on leaf springs is used for the safety protection of workers when working at heights.

The purpose of this patent is to realize through the following technical solutions:

The buffer type speed difference anti-falling device based on leaf springs described in this patent includes: a frame 23, a central shaft 5 fixed on the frame 23, a drum 6 that is rotated on the central shaft is located in the frame, and The inner end of the safety rope 21 that is wound on the drum 6 is fixed on the drum, and the outer end extends outwards through the frame 23; When the working direction rotates, take back the safety rope 21; it is characterized in that: a locking structure including the ratchet 7 and the ratchet 19 is set in the space between the frame 23 and the drum 6 discs; The cloth is arranged on the outer periphery of the ratchet 19, and the ratchet 7 is located outside the outer periphery of the ratchet; a ratchet guide is fixed on the frame opposite to the drum disc, and the ratchet guide includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle in contact with the two ends of the ratchet 19. Plate, an arc-shaped plate fixed between the upper baffle and the lower baffle, the arc surface of the arc-shaped plate slides and fits with the inner circumference of the ratchet; the rotation axis of the ratchet 19 is coaxial with the rotation axis of the drum 6; Between the inner circumference of the ratchet 19, there is an inner buffer damping device that can apply resistance to the rotating ratchet 19, so that the ratchet gradually stops rotating along the working direction. The inner buffer damper includes a leaf spring 4, and one end of the leaf spring 4 is fixed on the central shaft 5 On, the other end stretches into the chute opened on the inner circumference of the ratchet 19 to slide and cooperate with the chute;

The pawl 7 is sleeved on the pawl rotating shaft 15 fixed on the drum 6, and the drum 6 is provided with a stop post 10 that limits the swing of the pawl 7 around the pawl rotating shaft 15 in a certain direction, that is, the anti-rotation direction. An elastic element is provided between the wheel 6 and the pawl 7 so that the pawl 7 is in contact with the blocking column 10 in normal state;

When the rotation speed of the drum 6 around the central axis 5 in the working direction exceeds the set locking speed, the ratchet 7 rotates around the ratchet shaft 15 in the locking direction opposite to the anti-rotation direction under the centrifugal force, and the ratchet The tip of the pawl 7 snaps into the tooth groove of the ratchet 19, and the drum 6 and the pawl 7 drive the ratchet 19 to start rotating along the working direction. Stop rotating after turning a certain angle a.

The beneficial effect of this patent is that when workers work at heights, one end of the frame is relatively fixed and suspended on a high place, and the outer end of the safety rope 21 is hung on the worker's waist, and the safety rope 21 moves along with the worker's operation. During normal operation, the rotating speed of the overall mechanism of the drum 6 is very slow, that is, the centrifugal force received by the pawl 7 of the disc of the drum 6 is very small, and the force exerted by the elastic element on the pawl 7 cannot be overcome, and the pawl 7 is basically in the In the state of being in contact with the retaining post 10, the ratchet shaft 15 will not rotate substantially, so that the tip of the ratchet 7 will not contact the ratchet wheel 19, and the drum 6 connected with the ratchet 7 can smoothly rotate along the working direction, and the safety rope gradually release. Once a fall occurs during operation, the outer end of the safety rope is subjected to the force of the human body falling, which drives the drum 6 to rotate rapidly. The pawl 7 overcomes the active force of the elastic element and rotates around the pawl rotating shaft 15 along the locking direction, and the tip of the pawl 7 will be stuck in the upper tooth groove of the ratchet wheel 19 to realize one-time locking. Because the ratchet is not fixed on the frame, but can rotate relative to the frame, so when locking once, the drum and the ratchet can still drive the ratchet to continue to rotate along the working direction, that is, the ratchet 19 follows the rotation. The inner bumper damper comes into play. The ratchet 19 must overcome the bending moment of the leaf spring 4 to rotate, and the leaf spring 4 plays a role in hindering the rotation of the ratchet 19, and has the effect of hindering the rotation and slowing down the rotation speed of the ratchet, so that the drum 6, the pawl 7, and the ratchet 19 together After turning a certain angle a, it will gradually stop rotating to achieve secondary locking, which avoids the impact on the human body caused by the first locking and stopping of the drum, achieves the buffering effect and realizes secondary locking to stop falling, ensuring the safety of the user Safety.

The locking mechanism composed of such pawls and ratchets is an externally engaged ratchet mechanism. Because when the ratchet wheel rotates, the leaf spring will be deformed, such as bending in the circumferential direction of the central axis, so the two ends of the leaf spring cannot be fixed simultaneously. When one end is fixed, the other end should be a free end that can freely expand and contract.

The ratchet guiding device comprises an upper baffle plate and a lower baffle plate in contact with the two end surfaces of the ratchet 19, an arc plate fixed between the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate, and the arc surface of the arc plate is slidably matched with the ratchet wheel circumferential direction. This ratchet guide device has a simple structure, and the ratchet is positioned axially and radially, and the ratchet can only rotate with the axis of the central shaft.

As a further improvement to the above-mentioned buffer type speed difference anti-falling device based on leaf springs, a safety block protruding from the inner periphery of the ratchet wheel 19 is provided; one end of the leaf spring 4 extends into the chute opened on the safety block Slidingly fit with the chute; when the tip of the ratchet 7 snaps into the tooth groove of the ratchet 19, the drum 6 and the ratchet 7 drive the ratchet 19 to rotate a certain angle b along the working direction, the safety block contacts the arc plate 9, so that Drum 6, ratchet 7, ratchet 19 stop rotating; b≥a.

This structure organically combines the inner buffering and damping device with the safety device that limits the maximum rotation angle of the ratchet along the working direction. During the structure work of this patent, under the effect of internal buffering and damping device, drum 6, ratchet 7, ratchet 19 generally rotate certain angle a and promptly stop rotating gradually. However, it is also possible that the internal buffering and damping device has a relatively small retarding force on the ratchet, or when the internal buffering and damping device fails, the drum 6, the ratchet 7, and the ratchet 19 cannot stop rotating after the angle a. In order to prevent accidents, Just need a safety device that limits the maximum angle of rotation of the ratchet along the working direction, it can work when the ratchet 19 still cannot stop rotating after the rotation angle a, and stop the ratchet. Specifically for this structure, the arc block, the safety block, etc. constitute a safety device, and when the drum 6 and the ratchet 7 drive the ratchet 19 to rotate a certain angle b along the working direction, the safety block is in rigid contact with the arc block 9, so that Ratchet 19 stops rotating. The safety device limits the maximum angle of rotation of the ratchet along the working direction as b. Obviously the maximum angle b≥a that the ratchet can rotate along the working direction. In this way, the device perfectly and organically unifies the inner buffering and damping device, the ratchet guide device and the safety device, and has a simple structure.

Preferably, the inner buffering and damping device also includes an inner buffering extension spring, and the two ends of the inner buffering extension spring are respectively connected with the safety block and the arc plate; the inner buffering extension spring exerts force on the ratchet in a normal state so that the ratchet has a tendency to rotate along the non-working direction pull. In this way, the inner buffer extension spring and the leaf spring jointly block the rotation of the ratchet. At the same time, the inner buffer extension spring is connected between the safety block and the arc-shaped plate in the ratchet guide, which simplifies the overall structure and makes the inner The active force of the buffer tension spring on the ratchet is in the plane where the ratchet is located, preventing the ratchet from applying axial force.

As a further improvement to the above-mentioned buffer type speed difference anti-falling device based on leaf springs, a safety block protruding from the inner periphery of the ratchet wheel 19 is provided on the inner periphery of the ratchet wheel; one end of the leaf spring 4 is fixed on the safety block; the inner buffer damping device also includes Inner buffer compression spring, the two ends of the inner buffer compression spring are respectively connected with the safety block and the arc plate; the inner buffer compression spring exerts the elastic force on the ratchet to make the ratchet rotate along the non-working direction under normal conditions; when the tip of the ratchet 7 When the drum 6 and the pawl 7 drive the ratchet 19 to rotate a certain angle c along the working direction, the inner buffer spring is completely compressed. Rigid contact makes the drum 6, pawl 7 and ratchet 19 stop rotating; c≥a.

In this way, the inner buffer compression spring and the leaf spring jointly block the rotation of the ratchet. At the same time, the inner buffer compression spring is connected between the safety block and the arc-shaped plate in the ratchet guide, which simplifies the overall structure and makes the inner The active force of the buffer compression spring on the ratchet is in the plane where the ratchet is located, preventing the ratchet from applying axial force.

In addition, this structure organically combines the inner buffering and damping device with the safety device that limits the maximum rotation angle of the ratchet along the working direction. Concretely speaking to this structure, arc-shaped plate, inner cushioning clip spring, safety block etc. have constituted safety device, when drum 6 and ratchet 7 drive ratchet 19 to rotate certain angle c along working direction together, inner buffer clip spring is completely Compression, now the rigid contact between the arc plate, the inner buffer stage spring, and the safety block makes the drum 6, the ratchet 7, and the ratchet 19 stop rotating. The safety device limits the maximum angle of rotation of the ratchet along the working direction to c. Obviously the maximum angle c≥a that the ratchet can rotate along the working direction. This device perfectly and organically unifies the inner buffering and damping device, the ratchet guide device and the safety device, and has a simple structure.

As a further improvement to the above-mentioned buffer type speed difference anti-dropping device based on leaf springs, it also includes a safety rope recovery device including a coil spring 25 and a coil spring disc 22; passing through the center of the drum 6 and the coil spring disc 22 The upper and lower ends of the shaft 5 are fixedly connected with the frame 23, the coil spring disc 22 is fixed on the bottom of the drum 6 and is positioned between the drum 6 bottom and the frame, and one end of the coil spring 25 positioned in the coil spring disc 22 is fixed on On the central shaft 5, the other end is fixed on the periphery of the coil spring disc 22; when an external force is applied on the outer end of the safety rope, the drum 6 and the coil spring disc 22 are pulled by the safety rope 21 to rotate along the working direction, and the coil spring 25 is wound. The tightening torque increases gradually; when the external force is released, the coil spring 25 drives the coil spring disc 22 and the drum 6 to rotate in the non-working direction, and the length of the safety rope protruding from the frame is gradually shortened, and the safety rope 21 is wound on the drum 6 superior.

As a further improvement to the above-mentioned cushioning type speed difference anti-falling device based on leaf springs, it also includes an external buffering and damping device. The other end of the buffer extension spring is used to be connected with the mounting point of the buffer type speed difference anti-fall device and/or the safety belt of the human body.

When the rotation speed of the drum in the working direction exceeds the locking speed, the pawl will swing due to centrifugal force, and the tip of the pawl will snap into the tooth groove on the ratchet wheel to achieve primary locking and secondary locking, or the drum rotates to the maximum angle due to safety. When the device stops rotating due to the sudden reduction of the drum speed, the outer buffer spring is stretched, which reduces the force of the safety rope on the human body and further improves the buffer effect.

As a further improvement to the above-mentioned buffer type anti-falling device based on leaf springs, there are multiple leaf springs 4 arranged symmetrically about the central axis.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the general assembly schematic diagram of the composite buffer type speed difference anti-falling device of embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the composite buffer type speed difference anti-falling device of embodiment 1;

Fig. 3 is the perspective view of embodiment 1 (remove upper frame etc.);

Fig. 4 is the top view of embodiment 1 (remove upper frame etc.);

Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a disc, a ratchet, a pawl, a central shaft, etc.;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a drum, a pawl, a ratchet, a spring coil, etc.;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a drum, a spring coil, etc.;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a spring coil, a central shaft, etc.;

Fig. 11 is the perspective view of coil spring dish, coil spring, central axis etc.;

Fig. 12 is the perspective view of drum wheel, coiled spring disc, coiled spring etc.;

Fig. 13 is a state diagram when the drum in embodiment 1 rotates by an angle a under the action of the inner buffer damping device;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the lower baffle plate, arc-shaped plate, ratchet, etc. in Embodiment 1;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the upper baffle plate, the lower baffle plate, the curved plate, etc. in Embodiment 1;

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the compound buffer type speed difference anti-dropping device of embodiment 2 (the upper frame, etc. are removed);

Fig. 17 is the perspective view of leaf spring, ratchet, ratchet, arc plate, central shaft etc. of embodiment 2;

Fig. 18 is a top view of Embodiment 2 (with the upper frame removed);

Fig. 19 is a C-C sectional view of Fig. 18;

Figure 20 is a D-D sectional view of Figure 18;

Fig. 21 is a state diagram of the drum in embodiment 2 when it stops rotating under the action of the safety device.

In the figure, 1 first outer buffer tension spring, 2 second outer buffer tension spring, 4 leaf spring, 5 central shaft, 51 hole, 6 drum, 61 disc, 62 cylinder, 63 opening, 7 pawl , 8 pad post, 9 arc-shaped plate (stop block), 10 pawl stop post, 11 spring fastening screw, 12 inner buffer tension spring, 13 rope port, 14 pawl tension spring, 15 pawl shaft, 16 Circlip, 17 pins, 18 rope columns, 19 ratchet, 20 inner buffer stage spring, 21 safety rope, 22 coil spring disk, 221 slot, 23 frame, 231 upper frame, lower 232 frame, 24 wear-resistant bushing , 25 coil springs, 26 upper baffles, 27 lower baffles, 28 safety blocks.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, this patent is described further:

Example 1:

Referring to a compound buffer type speed difference anti-dropping device as shown in Figure 1-3, it includes a frame 23, a locking mechanism, a drum 6, and a buffer part; the frame 23 is composed of an upper frame 231 and a lower frame 232 is fixedly connected; one end of the frame has a rope port 13 for the safety rope to pass through, and the other end is a hook end. The frame 23 is provided with a central axis, and the two ends of the central axis 5 are respectively fixed on the upper frame 231 and the lower frame 232 . On the lower surface of the upper frame 231, two ratchet guides symmetrical to the central axis are fixed by four pad posts 8 . Each ratchet guide includes an upper baffle 26, a lower baffle 27, and an arc-shaped plate (stop block) 9 between the upper baffle and the lower baffle. The arc surface of the arc plate 9 is slidingly matched with the inner periphery of the ratchet 19 whose tooth grooves are evenly distributed on the outer periphery. The two end surfaces of the ratchet are in contact with the upper baffle and the lower baffle respectively. Below the lower baffle 27 is the drum 6, but there is no contact between the drum 6 and the lower baffle 27.

Referring to FIGS. 4-6 , the drum 6 is an integral structure composed of an upper disc with a larger diameter (that is, the upper end surface of the drum) 61 and a lower cylinder 62 with a smaller diameter. The cylinder of the drum 6 is sleeved on the central shaft 5 through a wear-resistant bushing 24 . The drum 6 and the wear-resistant sleeve 24 can rotate relative to the central axis.

Referring to Fig. 8-12, the cylinder 62 part of the drum 6 is hollow, and the cylindrical surface of the cylinder has an opening 63, and the lower end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the coiled spring disk 22 and the rope column 18 is fixed inside the hollow cylinder; The inner end of the rope 21 is sleeved on the rope column 18, and is wound around the drum 6 through the opening; Connection, the other end of the first outer buffer tension spring 1 is connected with the user;

Referring to Figures 5, 11, and 12, when working at heights, the outer end of the safety rope 21 is connected to the worker through the first outer buffer tension spring 1, so the speed at which the user falls is synchronized with the speed of the safety rope 21, and the safety rope 21 pulls the drum The wheel 6 rotates in the working direction. The coil spring 22 is provided with a coil spring 25, and one end of the coil spring 25 is fixed on the hole 51 where the rotating shaft 5 passes through the lower end of the coil coil 22 by a screw, and the other end is fixed on the coil coil 22 periphery by a screw. On the slot 221 opened, the whole coil spring 25 is confined inside the coil spring disc 22 . After the danger of falling occurs and the force on the outer end of the safety rope 21 is unloaded, the safety rope 21 will shrink and wind back on the drum 6 under the action of the coil spring 25, and the pawl 7 will recover under the tension of the pawl limit spring 14 To the initial state of contact with the stop post 10.

Referring to Fig. 3, 5, 14, 15, two leaf springs 4 are staggered at the center of the upper end of the central shaft 5, the head ends of the leaf springs 4 pass through the central shaft 5 and can move relatively freely, and the ends are fixedly connected with the inner circumference of the ratchet. Leaf spring 4 and ratchet inner circumference are fixedly connected in many ways, adopt this structure as present embodiment: be protruding from ratchet 19 inner rings but be one with ratchet two safety blocks 28 have on the two safety blocks 28 that are substantially equal in thickness with leaf spring 4. Groove, leaf spring 4 end has a hole, stretches in the chute, the pin 17 that is fixed on safety block 28 passes through the hole that leaf spring 4 end opens, makes leaf spring 4 end be fixed in the radial direction of ratchet .

Referring to Figures 3-5 and 7, the two sides of the safety block 28 on the inner circumference of the ratchet 19 are connected to the adjacent stop block 9 with an inner buffer tension spring 12 and an inner buffer compression spring 20, respectively. The inner buffer tension spring 12 exerts a pulling force on the ratchet so that the ratchet has a tendency to rotate along the non-working direction in a normal state. The inner buffer compression spring 20 exerts a thrust on the ratchet wheel in a normal state so that the ratchet wheel has a tendency to rotate along the non-working direction. Two safety blocks, two inner buffer extension springs 12, and two inner buffer compression springs 20 are all symmetrical about the central axis.

The ratchet 19 and the leaf spring 4 connected thereto and the inner buffer extension spring 12 and the inner buffer stage spring 20 do not move relative to the frame 23 when the normal work is used. The central shaft 5 is sleeved with a drum 6 and a spring coil 22, and the drum 6 and the spring coil 22 are fixedly connected, and the drum 6 and the spring coil 22 are fixed as an integral body, and it winds as a whole during normal operation. The center shaft 5 rotates; the upper end of the drum 6 disc is fixed with two centrally symmetrical pawl rotating shafts 15 and two pawl retaining columns 10, and the two pawl rotating shafts 15 are respectively sleeved with pawls 7 located on the outer periphery of the ratchet wheel. The two ratchet rotating shafts 15 are respectively provided with snap springs 16 to limit the axial movement of the ratchet 7 along the ratchet rotating shaft 15; One end of the extension spring 14 is connected to the tip of the ratchet 7, and the other end of the extension spring of the ratchet is connected to the spring fastening screw 11 fixed on the upper end of the drum 6 disk.

The locking mechanism is composed of an arc block (stop block) 9 in the fixed ratchet guide, a ratchet 19 and a ratchet 7 that can rotate around the ratchet rotating shaft 15 and is connected to the ratchet extension spring 14. The locking mechanism is a symmetrical distribution of double inner locking mechanisms.

The buffer part includes two forms of an inner buffer damping device and an outer buffer spring. The internal buffering and damping device includes a pair of leaf springs 4 interleaved through the central axis and whose ends are fixed on the safety block 28, a pair of inner buffering tension springs 12 connected between the safety block 28 and the stop block 9, a pair of Inner buffer compression spring 20 is formed; Outer buffer extension spring is the first outer buffer extension spring 1 connected to the outer end of safety rope 21 and/or the second outer buffer extension spring 2 connected to frame 23 hook end.

When the worker is working at height, the hook end of the frame 23 is relatively fixed and suspended at a high place through the second outer buffer tension spring 2, and the outer end of the safety rope 21 is hung on the safety belt of the worker's waist through the first outer buffer tension spring 1, which is safe. The rope 21 moves along with the worker's work. When working normally, the rotating speed of the overall mechanism of the drum 6 is very slow, that is, the centrifugal force on the ratchet 7 on the upper end of the drum 6 disk is very small, and the ratchet tension spring cannot be overcome. 14, the ratchet is in contact with the retaining column 10, and will not rotate around the ratchet shaft 15, so that the tip of the ratchet 7 will not contact the tooth groove on the outer periphery of the ratchet wheel, and the ratchet can pass through the ratchet wheel 19 smoothly without being affected. hinder. Once a fall occurs during operation, the drum 6 will rotate faster along the working direction due to the falling force of the human body, so that the pawl 7 on the disc of the drum 6 is subject to a larger centrifugal force, and the pawl 7 overcomes the pressure of the pawl tension spring 14 The tensile force rotates around the ratchet rotating shaft 15. When the drum speed reaches the locking speed, the tip of the ratchet 7 will swing toward the tooth groove of the ratchet wheel and get stuck in the ratchet wheel 19, realizing a lock and driving the internal buffer damping The device starts to play a role, that is, the ratchet 19 follows the drum and rotates along the working direction. Since one end of the leaf spring 4 is fixedly connected to the ratchet 19, and the other end is in free sliding contact with the central shaft 5, the rotation of the ratchet 19 makes the leaf spring 4 bend. The leaf spring 4 plays the role of hindering the rotation of the ratchet 19, while a pair of inner buffer extension springs 12 connected between the ratchet 19 and the stop block 9 apply to the ratchet the pulling force that hinders the rotation of the ratchet along the working direction, and a pair of inner buffer compression springs 20, the application of the ratchet hinders the thrust that the ratchet rotates along the working direction, and also plays the role of hindering the rotation. The combined effect of leaf spring 4, inner buffer extension spring 12, and inner buffer stage clip 20 slows down the rotational speed of ratchet along the working direction, until ratchet stops rotating, referring to Fig. 13, realizes secondary locking and stops falling, has played buffering effect.

With reference to Fig. 13, when the ratchet cannot stop rotating under the combined action of the leaf spring 4, the inner buffer extension spring 12, the inner buffer compression spring 20, etc., the safety block 28 will continue to pull the inner buffer extension spring 12. Push the inner buffer compression spring 20, so that the inner buffer tension spring 12 is stretched, and the inner buffer compression spring 20 is completely compressed until the rigid contact between the safety block, the inner buffer compression spring and the arc plate, the drum 6, the ratchet Claw 7, ratchet 19 stop rotating. Therefore, even if the safety device composed of the safety block, the inner buffer stage spring, and the arc plate fails to prevent the drum 6 from stopping to rotate, the safety block, the inner buffer stage spring, and the arc plate will pass through the safety device. Rigid contact between drums 6 to achieve stop, to ensure the safety of users. The safety device can finally make the drum 6 stop rotating when the internal buffering and damping device fails, fails to prevent the drum 6 from stopping to rotate, and is the last line of defense to ensure the safety of users.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 13, when the primary locking and secondary locking are realized, or when the drum rotates to the maximum angle and stops due to the action of the safety device, the two outer buffer springs (the first outer buffer extension spring and the second outer buffer extension spring) are stretched, making the impact softer when the safety block, the inner buffer compression spring and the stop block 9 collide and stop, reducing the effect of the safety rope on the human body The force further improves the cushioning effect and ensures the safety of users.

Example 2:

Refer to Embodiment 2 shown in Figures 16-20 (and refer to Figures 1, 2, 10-12), the main differences between it and Embodiment 1 are: 1), the inner buffer damping device in Embodiment 2 is only a steel plate Spring 4 does not have the inner buffer tension spring and inner buffer stage spring in Embodiment 1. 2) The head end of the leaf spring 4 in Embodiment 1 passes through the central axis 5 and can move relatively freely, and the end is fixed on the safety block 28 by the pin 17 . In embodiment 2, the heads of the leaf springs 4 with a plurality of central symmetry are fixedly connected to the central shaft 5, and the ends extend into the chute opened on the safety block 28 to form a free sliding fit with the chute, so there is no need for embodiment 1. The pin 17 used to fix the end of the leaf spring 4 on the safety block 28. 3) The safety device in embodiment 1 is mainly composed of a safety block, an inner buffer spring, an arc plate, etc.; in embodiment 2 The safety device is mainly composed of a safety block, an inner buffer compression spring, an arc plate, etc., and there is no inner buffer compression spring in embodiment 1.

For embodiment 2, with reference to Figure 21, once a fall occurs during operation, the drum 6 rotates faster due to the force of the human body falling, so that the pawl 7 on the disc of the drum 6 is subjected to a larger centrifugal force, and the pawl 7 overcomes the centrifugal force. The stretching force of the ratchet extension spring 14 rotates around the ratchet rotating shaft 15. When the drum speed reaches the locking speed, the tip of the ratchet 7 will swing to the tooth groove direction of the ratchet wheel and be stuck in the ratchet wheel 19, realizing a Locking drives the internal buffering and damping device to play a role, that is, the ratchet 19 follows the drum and rotates in the working direction. Since the head end of the leaf spring 4 is fixedly connected with the central shaft 5, the end is in free sliding contact with the ratchet 19, and the rotation of the ratchet 19 The leaf spring 4 is bent, and the leaf spring 4 plays a role in hindering the rotation of the ratchet wheel 19 .

Under the combined action of multiple leaf springs 4, when the ratchet still cannot stop rotating, the ratchet will continue to rotate along the working direction until the rigid contact between the safety block and the arc plate, see Figure 21, through the safety block, arc plate The safety device that etc. are formed makes drum 6, ratchet 7, ratchet 19 stop rotating, prevents leaf spring 4 from failing to stop the extreme situation that drum 6 stops rotating or when other unexpected situations occur, cause the generation of complete accident.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

Embodiment 3: With reference to Fig. 7, the inner buffer extension spring and the inner buffer compression spring in embodiment 1 are removed to obtain embodiment 3. That is to say, the inner buffer damping device in embodiment 3 only has leaf springs. Of course, the safety device in embodiment 3 is mainly composed of safety blocks, arc-shaped plates, etc., and there is no inner buffer compression spring in embodiment 1.

For embodiment 3, under the joint action of two leaf springs 4, when the ratchet still cannot stop rotating, the ratchet will continue to rotate along the working direction until the rigid contact between the safety block and the arc plate makes the drum 6 , ratchet 7, ratchet 19 stops rotating, and the safety device that forms by safety block, arc plate etc. in the unexpected situation that drum wheel can not stop rotating occurs, and drum wheel is stopped.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

Embodiment 4: Remove the leaf spring in Embodiment 1 to obtain Embodiment 4. That is to say, the inner buffer damping device in embodiment 4 has only inner buffer compression spring and inner buffer extension spring, without leaf spring.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

Embodiment 5: Remove the leaf spring and the inner buffer extension spring in Embodiment 1 to obtain Embodiment 5. That is to say, the internal buffering and damping device in embodiment 5 has only the internal buffering compression spring, without the leaf spring and the internal buffering extension spring.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

Embodiment 6: Remove the leaf spring and the inner buffer stage spring in Embodiment 1 to obtain Embodiment 5. That is to say, the internal buffering and damping device in embodiment 5 only has the internal buffering extension spring, without the leaf spring and the internal buffering compression spring.

For embodiment 6, under the joint action of the two inner buffer springs, when the ratchet cannot stop rotating, the ratchet will continue to rotate in the working direction until the rigid contact between the safety block and the arc plate makes the drum 6, ratchet 7, ratchet 19 stop rotating, and the safety device that forms by safety block, curved plate etc. in the unexpected situation that drum wheel can not stop rotating occurs, drum wheel is stopped.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

Embodiment 7: remove the inner buffer extension spring in embodiment 1 to obtain embodiment 7, that is to say, the inner buffer damping device in embodiment 7 has only inner buffer stage spring and leaf spring, without inner buffer extension spring.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

Embodiment 8: remove the inner buffer stage spring in embodiment 1 to obtain embodiment 8, that is to say, the inner buffer damper in embodiment 8 has only inner buffer extension spring and leaf spring, without inner buffer stage clip.

For embodiment 8, when the ratchet cannot stop rotating under the joint action of the two inner buffer springs, the ratchet will continue to rotate in the working direction until the rigid contact between the safety block and the arc plate makes the drum 6, ratchet 7, ratchet 19 stop rotating, and the safety device that forms by safety block, curved plate etc. in the unexpected situation that drum wheel can not stop rotating occurs, drum wheel is stopped.

Except for the difference in the above structures, other structures are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

In short, this patent adopts an integral drum structure, that is, the drum cylinder part where the safety rope is wound and the drum disc (upper end surface) part of the fixed pawl are integral, and the spring coil is also fixed on the On the drum, so that the overall volume of the speed difference anti-falling device is relatively compact, and the number of parts is small. From the safety rope to the integral drum, through the pawl, the ratchet and then to the frame, the load-bearing capacity and resistance of the entire force-bearing link The impact fatigue ability is very strong, especially the safety rope is set on the rope column fixed inside the drum cylinder, the design is ingenious, reliable and durable, and the safety caused by too many parts and the assembly accuracy is not easy to be guaranteed as a whole. risk.

The locking mechanism of this speed difference anti-falling device adopts a centrifugal double inner locking mechanism. The tooth groove on the outer circumference of the ratchet is closer to the central axis than the pawl, and the ratchet is circular, so that the inner ring of the ratchet can be arranged Internal buffer damping device, ratchet guide device, safety device, etc., have a compact structure, and at the same time ensure reliable fixation between the ratchet and the frame.

The inner buffer damping device and the outer buffer spring can reduce the impact force on the human body at the moment of locking when falling, and the combination of inner buffer and outer buffer is adopted. The inner buffer refers to the inner buffer damping device arranged inside the ratchet; the outer buffer It is an external buffer tension spring (30mm-80mm in diameter, 80mm-200mm in length) that can withstand the impact of falling from the human body. The external buffer tension spring is directly added between the outer end of the safety rope and the hook hanging on the safety belt of the human body, and/or Between the hook end of the rack and the hook connected to the mounting point on the high building, it is ensured that the anti-fall device can effectively reduce the impact on the human body under the premise of reliable locking.

Claims (7)

1. The buffer type speed difference anti-falling device based on the leaf spring, including: the frame (23), the central shaft (5) fixed on the frame (23), the rotating drum (6) set on the central shaft is located In the frame, the inner end of the safety rope (21) wound on the drum (6) is fixed on the drum, and the outer end extends outward through the frame (23); the drum (6) rotates along the working direction Release the safety rope (21) at the same time, and retract the safety rope (21) when turning in the non-working direction opposite to the working direction; its feature is: in the space between the frame (23) and the drum (6) disc A locking structure including the ratchet (7) and the ratchet (19) is provided; the tooth grooves on the ratchet are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the ratchet (19), and the ratchet (7) is located outside the outer periphery of the ratchet; A ratchet guide is fixed on the opposite frame, and the ratchet guide includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle in contact with both ends of the ratchet (19), and an arc-shaped plate fixed between the upper baffle and the lower baffle. The arc surface of the shaped plate is slidably matched with the inner circumference of the ratchet; the rotation axis of the ratchet (19) is coaxial with the rotation axis of the drum (6); between the central shaft (5) and the inner circumference of the ratchet (19) there is a The rotating ratchet (19) exerts resistance so that the ratchet gradually stops rotating in the working direction. The inner buffering and damping device includes a leaf spring (4). One end of the leaf spring (4) is fixed on the central shaft (5). One end extends into the chute opened on the inner circumference of the ratchet (19) to slide and cooperate with the chute; The pawl (7) is set on the pawl rotating shaft (15) fixed on the drum (6), and the drum (6) is provided with a limit pawl (7) along a certain direction around the pawl rotating shaft (15). That is, for the stop post (10) that swings in the anti-rotation direction, an elastic element is provided between the drum (6) and the pawl (7) so that the pawl (7) is in contact with the stop post (10) under normal conditions; When the rotation speed of the drum (6) around the central axis (5) in the working direction exceeds the set locking speed, the centrifugal force of the pawl (7) rotates around the pawl shaft (15) in the anti-rotation direction. Rotate in the opposite locking direction, the tip of the ratchet (7) snaps into the tooth groove of the ratchet (19), and the drum (6) and the ratchet (7) drive the ratchet (19) to start rotating together in the working direction. Under the effect of the inner buffer damping device, the drum (6), ratchet (7), and ratchet (19) stop rotating after rotating a certain angle a. 2. The buffer type anti-falling device based on leaf spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: a safety block protruding from the inner periphery of the ratchet (19) is provided on the inner periphery of the ratchet; one end of the leaf spring (4) extends into into the chute opened on the safety block to slide and fit with the chute; when the tip of the pawl (7) snaps into the tooth groove of the ratchet (19), the drum (6) and the pawl (7) drive the ratchet (19) When rotating a certain angle b along the working direction together, the safety block contacts the arc plate (9), so that the drum (6), ratchet (7) and ratchet (19) stop rotating; b≥a. 3. The buffer type speed difference anti-falling device based on leaf springs as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the inner buffer damping device also includes an inner buffer extension spring, and the two ends of the inner buffer extension spring are respectively connected to the safety block and the arc The plates are connected; the inner buffer tension spring exerts a pulling force on the ratchet in a normal state so that the ratchet has a tendency to rotate in the non-working direction. 4. The buffer type anti-falling device based on leaf spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: a safety block protruding from the inner periphery of the ratchet (19) is provided on the inner periphery of the ratchet; one end of the leaf spring (4) is fixed on On the safety block; the inner buffer damping device also includes an inner buffer compression spring, and the two ends of the inner buffer compression spring are respectively connected with the safety block and the arc plate; the inner buffer compression spring exerts force on the ratchet under normal conditions so that the ratchet can rotate in the non-working direction Tendency of elasticity; when the tip of the ratchet (7) snaps into the tooth groove of the ratchet (19), and the drum (6) and the ratchet (7) drive the ratchet (19) to rotate a certain angle c along the working direction, the inner buffer The spring is fully compressed, and at this time the arc-shaped plate, the inner buffer spring and the safety block are in rigid contact, so that the drum (6), ratchet (7) and ratchet (19) stop rotating; c≥a. 5. The leaf spring-based buffering speed difference anti-falling device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it also includes a safety rope recovery including a coil spring (25) and a coil spring disc (22) Device; the upper and lower ends of the central shaft (5) passing through the drum (6) and the coiled spring disc (22) are fixedly connected with the frame (23), and the coiled spring disc (22) is fixed on the lower part of the drum (6) And between the lower part of the drum (6) and the frame, one end of the coil spring (25) in the coil spring disc (22) is fixed on the central shaft (5), and the other end is fixed on the coil spring disc (22). Periphery; when an external force is applied to the outer end of the safety rope, and the drum (6) and coil spring disc (22) are pulled by the safety rope (21) to rotate in the working direction, the winding torque of the coil spring (25) gradually increases; When the external force is released, the coil spring (25) drives the coil spring disc (22) and the drum (6) to rotate in the non-working direction, and the length of the safety rope protruding from the frame is gradually shortened, and the safety rope (21) is wound on the drum on the wheel (6). 6. The buffer type speed difference anti-falling device based on leaf springs according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: it also includes an external buffer damping device, and the outer buffer damping device includes one end connected to the frame and/or The outer buffer extension spring at the outer end of the safety rope, the other end of the outer buffer extension spring is used to be connected with the mounting point of the buffer type speed difference anti-falling device and/or the safety belt of the human body. 7. The leaf spring-based cushioning anti-falling device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: there are multiple leaf springs (4), arranged axisymmetrically to the central axis.