Buffering type speed difference anti-falling device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of safety protection tools, in particular to a buffer type speed difference anti-falling device.
Background
The high-altitude operation and the construction of various infrastructures are fierce, and the requirement of people on the operation safety is higher and higher. The definitions of the safety belt and the safety rope are not limited to the traditional concept any more, and the safety belt and the safety rope are expanded to a speed difference safety catcher, a guide rail safety catcher, a rope safety catcher and the like according to different use occasions. The speed difference safety catcher also called a speed difference automatic controller can meet the variable working environment and production requirements, so that the speed difference safety catcher is most widely applied, the market share is about 80 percent of all safety catchers, the speed difference safety catcher is an ideal high-altitude falling prevention device at present, and the problem of frequent high-altitude safety accidents is fundamentally solved.
During high-altitude operation, one end of a rack of the speed difference falling protector is hung at a high position, the outer end of the safety rope extending out of the speed difference falling protector is hung on the waist of an operator (or a complete belt tied on the waist of the operator), and the safety rope follows up with the operation of workers. The theory of operation of speed difference safety hook is when operating personnel normal work descends with normal speed at ordinary times, the safety rope of coiling on the drum in the safety hook follows human motion and emits and keep at suitable length, in case operating personnel falling speed is too big or when taking place to fall, because the safety rope speed of emitting surpasss normal speed, the inside mechanical emergence of safety hook is used, the drum is locked, the safety rope can't be emitted, avoided operating personnel to continue to fall the impact injury that probably brings, when operating personnel resumes normal work, the safety hook can manual unblock carry out next safety protection.
For the high altitude construction personnel, the speed differential safety hook is the indispensable protective apparatus, but the speed differential safety hook can strike the injury to human body in the locking of falling in the twinkling of an eye to different degrees, just stop rotating (of course, the safety rope also no longer emits) in the twinkling of an eye at the drum by the locking promptly, that is to say that operating personnel's falling speed also drops to zero in the twinkling of an eye, this kind leads to producing great effort to the human body in the safety rope outer end of system on operating personnel waist, if this kind strikes too big and do not cushion and will cause certain injury to the human body, and this kind of protective apparatus also has because of the braking inefficacy risk that leads to the correct use and the standard management of falling protective apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a buffering type speed difference anti-falling device, which is used for solving the problems that the speed difference anti-falling device in the prior art is instantaneously locked to cause damage to human power and the risk of brake failure exists.
The invention provides a buffer type speed difference anti-falling device which comprises a rack and a central shaft fixedly arranged in the middle of the rack, wherein one end of the rack is provided with a first hook, a drum wheel and a first locking mechanism are arranged in the rack, the drum wheel is sleeved on the central shaft and rotates around the central shaft, a safety rope is wound on the drum wheel, the inner end of the safety rope is fixed on the drum wheel, and the outer end of the safety rope penetrates through the rack to be connected with a second hook;
first locking mechanism includes the adversion pawl that two centrosymmetries set up, the adversion pawl cover is established in the adversion pawl pivot parallel with the center pin, adversion pawl pivot is installed on the drum, extension spring is connected in the dop outside of adversion pawl, extension spring's the other end is installed on the drum, the dop outside of adversion pawl sets up the bumping post, the bumping post is installed on the drum, and the inboard of two adversion pawls sets up the ratchet, the ratchet is spacing to be located in the epaxial friction buffer gear of center in the cover, the ratchet is around the rotatory setting of center pin.
Furthermore, the friction buffer mechanism comprises a fixed friction plate, a disc spring, a round nut and two round friction plates, wherein round grooves are formed in two sides of the ratchet wheel, the two round friction plates are respectively fixed in the grooves in two sides of the ratchet wheel, one round friction plate is attached to the rack to form a friction pair, the other round friction plate is attached to the friction plate to form a friction pair, a waist-shaped hole is formed in the middle of the friction plate, the position, corresponding to the waist-shaped hole, on the central shaft is arranged to be waist-shaped, the friction plate is limited on the central shaft, the disc spring is arranged on the outer side of the friction plate, one end thread is arranged on the central shaft, and the disc spring is pressed on the friction plate through the round nut which is connected to the central shaft through threads.
Further, the drum type automatic rotating machine further comprises a second locking mechanism, the second locking mechanism comprises a toothed groove plate and two outward rotating pawls which are arranged in a centrosymmetric mode, the toothed groove plate is fixedly installed on the inner side of the machine frame and is parallel to the drum wheel disc, the outward rotating pawls are sleeved on an outward rotating pawl rotating shaft which is parallel to the central shaft, the inner side of a chuck of the outward rotating pawls is connected with an extension spring, and a blocking column is arranged on the outer side of the chuck of the outward rotating pawls.
Furthermore, a reinforcing base plate is arranged between the outward rotating pawl and the drum wheel and fixed on the drum wheel.
Further, the rack also comprises a coil spring disk, a coil spring is arranged in the coil spring disk, the coil spring disk is fixed on the drum wheel, the inner end of the coil spring is fixed on the central shaft, and the outer end of the coil spring is fixed on the circumference of the coil spring disk.
Furthermore, the coil spring disc is of a circular ring type structure, and supporting fins extending outwards are uniformly arranged at the upper end of the coil spring disc and used for supporting the wound safety rope.
Further, a fixing port is arranged on the frame, a rope ball is arranged on the outer side of the fixing port, through holes are formed in the fixing port and the rope ball, and the outer end of the safety rope penetrates out of the fixing port and the rope ball and then is connected with a second hook.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the buffer type speed difference falling protector is provided with a normal locking mechanism, namely a first locking mechanism, and an internal buffer dry type multi-piece friction mechanism is adopted, so that when falling danger occurs, besides the function of falling brake, most of kinetic energy caused by short brake time can be prevented from being converted into impact energy to a human body, part of the impact energy can be buffered and absorbed by adopting a multi-friction pair, the impact injury to the human body is reduced to a greater extent, and the safety of the human body is protected;
the secondary protection locking mechanism, namely the second locking mechanism, is added, so that the function of secondary braking protection can be realized in the falling process due to the failure of the normal braking and buffering structure, and the safety of the high-altitude operation personnel can be protected more reliably;
the spring is arranged, the safety rope is automatically contracted when the external force is released, the use next time is facilitated, and the operation is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a buffering type speed difference anti-falling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of the buffering type speed difference anti-falling device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a friction buffering mechanism of the buffering type speed difference anti-falling device of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the friction cushioning mechanism of the cushioned differential fall arrest device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly of the central shaft and the fixed friction plate of the buffering type speed difference anti-falling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a spring coiling disc and a spring coiling of the buffering type speed difference anti-falling device of the invention;
in the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1-frame, 2-central shaft, 3-hook I, 4-drum wheel, 5-safety rope, 6-hook II, 7-internal rotation pawl, 8-internal rotation pawl rotating shaft, 9-extension spring, 10-bumping post, 11-ratchet wheel, 12-friction plate, 13-disc spring, 14-round nut, 15-round friction plate, 16-tooth groove plate, 17-external rotation pawl, 18-reinforcing backing plate, 19-spring coiling disc, 20-coil spring, 21-fixed port, 22-rope ball and 23-external rotation pawl rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a buffer type speed difference anti-falling device, which comprises a rack 1 and a central shaft 2 fixedly installed in the middle of the rack 1, wherein a first hook 3 is installed at one end of the rack 1, a drum wheel 4 and a first locking mechanism are arranged in the rack 1, the drum wheel 4 is sleeved on the central shaft 2 and rotates around the central shaft 2, a safety rope 5 is wound on the drum wheel 4, the inner end of the safety rope 5 is fixed on the drum wheel 4, and the outer end of the safety rope 5 penetrates through the rack 1 and is connected with a second hook 6; during normal operation, 1 one end of frame hangs in the eminence through couple one 3, and couple two 6 of connecting safety rope 5 hang in workman's waist, and safety rope 5 follows up along with workman's operation, stimulates safety rope 5, and drum 4 releases safety rope 5 around the rotation of center pin 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the first locking mechanism includes two inward turning pawls 7 arranged in central symmetry, the inward turning pawls 7 are arranged on an inward turning pawl rotating shaft 8 parallel to the central shaft 2 in a sleeved manner, the inward turning pawl rotating shaft 8 is arranged on the drum wheel 4, an extension spring 9 is connected to the outer side of the chuck of the inward turning pawls 7, the other end of the extension spring 9 is arranged on the drum wheel 4, a catch 10 is arranged on the outer side of the chuck of the inward turning pawls 7, the catch 10 is arranged on the drum wheel 4, the inward turning pawls 7 are positioned by the extension spring 9 and the catch 10, ratchet wheels 11 are arranged on the inner sides of the two inward turning pawls 7, the ratchet wheels 11 are limited in a friction buffering mechanism sleeved on the central shaft 2, and the ratchet wheels 11 are arranged in a rotating manner around the central shaft 2. During normal operation, the rotating speed of the whole mechanism of the drum wheel 4 is very slow, namely the centrifugal force received by the inner rotating pawl 7 on the disc of the drum wheel 4 is very small, the acting force of the extension spring 9 on the inner rotating pawl 7 cannot be overcome, the inner rotating pawl 7 is in a state of being in contact with the stop column 10 and cannot rotate around the rotating shaft 8 of the inner rotating pawl, so that the tip of the clamping head of the inner rotating pawl 7 cannot be in contact with the ratchet wheel 11, the drum wheel 4 provided with the inner rotating pawl 7 can smoothly rotate along the working direction, and the safety rope 5 is gradually released. In case the operation in the time takes place to fall, 5 outer ends of safety rope receive the tenesmic effort of human body, drive drum 4 fast turn, when 4 rotational speeds of drum reach locking speed, adversion pawl 7 on the 4 discs of drum receive great centrifugal force, 7 dop cusps of adversion pawl overcome extension spring 9's effort and take place to rotate round adversion pawl pivot 8 along the locking direction, 7 cusps of adversion pawl block to the tooth's socket on the ratchet 11 in, drive ratchet 11 and rotate and trigger friction mechanism friction cushioning braking.
As shown in fig. 3-5, the friction buffer mechanism includes a fixed friction plate 12, a disc spring 13, a circular nut 14 and two circular friction plates 15, circular grooves are provided on both sides of the ratchet 11, the two circular friction plates 15 are respectively fixed in the grooves on both sides of the ratchet 11, one circular friction plate 15 is attached to the frame 1 to form a friction pair, the other circular friction plate is attached to the friction plate 12 to form a friction pair, a waist-shaped hole is provided in the middle of the friction plate 12, the position of the central shaft 2 corresponding to the waist-shaped hole is provided with a waist-shaped position, the friction plate 12 is limited on the central shaft 2, a disc spring 13 is provided on the outer side of the friction plate 12, a thread is provided on the central shaft 2, and the disc spring 13 is pressed on the friction plate 12 through the circular nut 14 which is screwed on the central shaft 2; a disc spring 13 and a round nut 14 are used for applying positive pressure between the friction pairs, and the positive pressure is required to ensure that the total sliding friction force of the friction mechanism is greater than the maximum hanging work weight. When a worker falls, normal buffering braking operation is started, the inner rotating pawl 7 rotates centrifugally to be meshed with the ratchet wheel 11, the inner rotating pawl 7 connected with the drum wheel 4 drives the ratchet wheel 11 to rotate, impact force of the inner rotating pawl 7 on the ratchet wheel 11 can trigger the friction plate to rotate with the ratchet wheel 11 in a friction mode, and impact energy converted from human body falling kinetic energy and potential energy can be absorbed in the process, so that impact on the human body is reduced; the sliding friction force provided by the friction buffer mechanism is larger than the weight acceleration of the human body, namely, the human body is in a deceleration state until the speed is zero after the falling triggering friction movement.
As shown in fig. 2, the secondary protection device further comprises a second locking mechanism for performing a secondary protection function, the second locking mechanism comprises a toothed-groove plate 16 and two outward-turning pawls 17 arranged in a central symmetry manner, the toothed-groove plate 16 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the machine frame 1 and is parallel to a disc of the drum wheel 4, the outward-turning pawls 17 are sleeved on an outward-turning pawl rotating shaft 23 parallel to the central shaft 2, the inner side of a chuck of the outward-turning pawl 17 is connected with an extension spring 9, a blocking column 10 is arranged on the outer side of the chuck of the outward-turning pawl 17, and the outward-turning pawls are limited by the extension spring 9 and the blocking column 10. When normal buffering brake fails, the tip of the outward rotating pawl 17 overcomes the tensile force of the extension spring 9 and is thrown outwards when the outward rotating pawl 17 rotates fast along with the drum wheel 4 to reach the braking speed, and the tip of the outward rotating pawl 17 is clamped into the groove of the tooth groove plate 16 to perform failure-prevention secondary protection brake. The difference of the two times of braking lies in that the second locking triggering speed is larger than the first locking triggering speed, and the secondary protection braking can be triggered to play a preparatory protection role only in the normal buffer braking failure state, so that the safety of the high-altitude operation personnel is protected more reliably.
Preferably, a reinforcing backing plate 18 is arranged between the outer rotating pawl 17 and the drum wheel 4, and the reinforcing backing plate 18 is fixed on the drum wheel 4, so that the outer rotating pawl 17 is parallel to the fluted plate 16 and the position strength during braking is increased.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the frame 1 further includes a coil spring disk 19, a coil spring 20 is disposed in the coil spring disk 19, the coil spring disk 19 is fixed on the drum 4, an inner end of the coil spring 20 is fixed on the central shaft 2, and an outer end of the coil spring is fixed on a circumference of the coil spring disk 19. When external force is applied to the outer end of the safety rope 5, the drum wheel 4 and the coil spring disc 19 are pulled by the safety rope 5 to rotate along the working direction, and the coil spring 20 is rotated to deform to store energy; when the external force is released, the coil spring 20 drives the coil spring disc 19 and the drum wheel 4 to rotate in the non-working direction, the length of the safety rope 5 extending out of the rack 1 is gradually shortened, the safety rope 5 is wound on the drum wheel 4, namely after the danger of falling and removal occurs, the external force of the rope is unloaded, and the safety rope 5 contracts under the action of the coil spring 20 and is wound on the drum wheel 4 to recover the initial state.
Specifically, the coil spring disc 19 is of a circular ring structure, and the upper end of the coil spring disc 19 is uniformly provided with outwards extending supporting fins for supporting the wound safety rope 5.
Specifically, the fixed port 21 is installed on the frame 1, the rope ball 22 is installed outside the fixed port 21, through holes are formed in the fixed port 21 and the rope ball 22, the outer end of the safety rope 5 penetrates out of the fixed port 21 and the rope ball 22 and then is connected with the second hook 6, and the fixed port 21 and the rope ball 22 are limited by the safety rope 5.
In conclusion, the buffer type speed difference falling protector is provided with the normal locking mechanism, namely the first locking mechanism, and the internal buffer dry type multi-piece friction mechanism is adopted, so that when falling danger occurs, besides the function of falling brake, most of kinetic energy caused by short brake time can be prevented from being converted into impact energy to human bodies, part of the impact energy can be buffered and absorbed by adopting a plurality of friction pairs, the impact injury to the human bodies is reduced to a greater extent, and the safety of the human bodies is protected; the secondary protection locking mechanism, namely the second locking mechanism, is added, so that the function of secondary braking protection can be realized in the falling process due to the failure of the normal braking and buffering structure, and the safety of the high-altitude operation personnel can be protected more reliably; the spring is arranged, the safety rope is automatically contracted when the external force is released, the use next time is facilitated, and the operation is convenient.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.