CN110521560A - A facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine and fertilization method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a facility cam-driven type liquid fertilizer fertilizer applicator with precise positioning and quantification and a fertilization method. The invention discloses a specific implementation method of the invention, which includes using guide rails and sliders to realize row spacing positioning, driving in the guide rails, and using a cam motion fertilization device to push fertilization needles into the soil. When the fertilization needles are at the far angle of repose of the cam, When the torsion spring switch is turned on, the Venturi tube accelerates the liquid fertilizer to spray the liquid fertilizer quickly. When the fertilization needle returns, the torsion spring switch is closed, and the liquid fertilizer flows back to the fertilization barrel through the overflow valve, and the above process is repeated for fertilization. The control system is used to input the plant spacing of the crops to be fertilized, and the speed of the fertilizing motor can be adjusted according to the speed of the driving motor, so that the fertilizing needle can be accurately positioned at the root of the crop to fertilize. The control system monitors information such as speed, pressure, and liquid level in real time. The present invention can realize precise positioning and quantitative automatic fertilization of crops in the greenhouse, and can penetrate into the depth required by the crops for fertilization.

Description

A facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine and fertilization method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of facility agricultural machinery, in particular to a facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer fertilizer applicator with precise positioning and quantification and a fertilization method.

Background technique

The amount of chemical fertilizers used in our country is very large. At present, solid granular fertilizer is the most widely used in agricultural production, but the utilization rate of solid granular fertilizer is not high, the waste is serious, it causes huge pollution to the environment, and excessive application will seriously affect the quality of the soil, and the yield and quality of crops will be affected. Less than a huge boost. Compared with solid fertilizers, liquid fertilizers have great advantages, such as being easily soluble in water, uniform in quality, easy to adjust formula, easy to absorb, lower costs, and environmentally friendly. Liquid fertilizers have broad application prospects.

Among the existing liquid fertilization machines, the relatively mature ones are mainly large-scale foliar spraying liquid fertilizer fertilization machines. For this type of fertilization machine, my country mainly relies on imports. This type of machine is mainly to spray liquid fertilizer on the surface of crop leaves. The speed is fast, but the price is expensive, the utilization rate is slightly low, and it will cause certain pollution to the environment. The above-mentioned technology is for the large-scale fertilization of the whole crop, and absorbs the liquid fertilizer through the leaves of the crops. It is more suitable for the fertilization of crops with a large outdoor area and strong leaves to absorb liquid fertilizer. For weak crops, root spray fertilization is more beneficial to crops' absorption of liquid fertilizer, and large-scale foliar spray fertilization machines cannot be operated in greenhouses, the operation is complicated, expensive, and cannot be automated.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a facility cam-driven type liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine and fertilization method, which can perform precise positioning and automatic deep fertilization on the roots of crops in the greenhouse, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and thereby increase crop yield.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, providing a fertilization method using a facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine, including the following steps:

1. Move the fertilizer applicator to the position to be operated, and adjust the position of each slider on the guide rail before operation, so that the fertilization needle moves close to the root of the crop with the movement of the slider;

2. Input the corresponding crop spacing to the control system of the fertilizer spreader, the input method can be through the button touch screen or mobile app;

3. Start the liquid fertilizer conveying drive device, the touch switch on the liquid fertilizer pipeline is closed at this time, and the liquid fertilizer returns to the fertilization bucket through the overflow valve;

4. After all preparations are ready, start the fertilizer applicator walking drive and fertilization drive, and the fertilizer applicator starts to walk;

5. After the plant distance is fixed, the speed of the fertilization driving device is adapted to the walking speed of the fertilizer applicator during the running process of the fertilizer applicator. When it is close to the crop, the touch switch on the infusion fertilizer pipeline is turned on, and the cam movement mechanism makes the fertilization needle accurate. The ground is inserted into the soil near the root of the crop, and the liquid fertilizer flows into the soil through the fertilization needle for fertilization;

6. When the fertilization needle leaves the root of the crop, the touch switch on the infusion fertilizer pipeline is turned off, the fertilization needle resets, and one fertilization is completed;

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 to achieve large-scale fertilization.

This method is easy to operate and has a high degree of automation. The fertilization needle can be used to achieve precise positioning of slotting and fertilization into the soil. On the one hand, as long as the root position of the crop to be fertilized is precisely inserted, there is no need to spray the entire crop leaf, so it can be improved. The operation efficiency of fertilization can realize large-scale fertilization of crop roots; on the other hand, the fertilization needle can penetrate into the depth required by the crop and spray liquid fertilizer, so as to achieve deeper fertilization. The fertilization needle can be directly inserted into the soil 10- 20cm fertilizes the roots of crops and sprays the liquid fertilizer on the roots, so that the crops can better absorb the nutrients of the liquid fertilizer, without using a large amount of chemical fertilizers, avoiding pollution, relatively friendly to the environment, and improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and reducing costs.

The present invention also provides a facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine, which includes a vehicle frame with a walking device installed on the vehicle frame. A liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device is installed on the vehicle frame, and a downward extending The side rod of the side rod and the safety needle plate fixed on the side rod, the needle safety plate is slidably connected with the fertilization needle connected with the fertilization barrel of the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device through the infusion fertilizer pipeline, and the infusion fertilizer pipeline is installed with a A touch switch for the fertilization needle to move up and down, and a stopper located on the moving track of the touch switch is fixed on the safety needle plate; it also includes a cam motion fertilization device that drives the fertilization needle to move up and down.

This scheme sets up the vehicle frame to provide installation carriers for other components, realizes the walking of the equipment through the walking device, stores and transports the liquid fertilizer through the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device, and drives the fertilization needle to move up and down through the cam motion fertilization device when fertilizing. When the needle is close to the crop, the cam motion fertilization device drives the fertilization needle to move down to the soil. During the downward movement, the touch switch is blocked by the block and opened, and the liquid fertilizer in the fertilization bucket enters the inner hole of the fertilization needle through the liquid fertilizer pipeline, and Spray from the fertilization needle to the soil to realize the fertilization of the roots. After the cam rotates through a certain angle, the fertilization needle moves up and resets. The touch switch loses the reaction force of the stopper and returns to the closed state. With the rotation of the cam, the Periodic fertilization, the rotation speed of the cam is adapted to the walking speed of the equipment. Under the condition of a certain distance between plants, it is ensured that the fertilization needle is exactly corresponding to the crop when it is moved down to fertilize.

As an optimization, the cam motion fertilizing device includes a cam that is axially connected to the needle plate and a second driving device that drives the cam to rotate and is fixedly connected with the side bar; The contact roller is connected, and the fertilization needle and the safety needle plate are also connected by a return spring. This optimization scheme drives the cam to rotate through the second driving device. During the rotation of the cam, when the part of the far angle of repose of the cam is in contact with the roller, the fertilizing needle moves down. Return to the initial position, thereby realizing the periodic movement of the fertilization needle and ensuring the accuracy of fertilization.

As an optimization, the needle plate is fixed with a sliding sleeve that slides with the fertilization needle, the outer wall of the fertilization needle is fixed with an upper limit plate, and the needle plate is fixed with a lower limit plate located below the slide sleeve. The return spring is sheathed on the fertilization needle, and the two ends of the return spring can push against the upper limit plate and the lower limit plate respectively. The installation structure of the fertilization needle in this optimization scheme is simple. The fertilization needle is guided by setting a sliding sleeve to avoid deflection when moving up and down. The two ends of the upper limit plate and the lower limit plate are used to limit the spring to ensure the deformation of the spring. reliability.

As an optimization, the cam is provided with two far angles of repose in the circumferential direction. The setting of this optimization scheme makes it possible to implement two times of fertilization for each rotation of the cam, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of fertilization.

As an optimization, arc-shaped blades are respectively fixed on both sides of the injection channel of the fertilizing needle. This optimization scheme can protect the fertilization channel to the greatest extent by setting the arc-shaped blade. When the equipment is running, the arc-shaped blade generates a transverse tangential force, which can not only break the soil for the fertilization needle, so that it can be easily and quickly inserted into the soil. Moreover, in the process of digging into and out of the soil, the arc-shaped blade can also protect the fertilizing needle from wear and tear. When the arc-shaped blade becomes blunt, it can be re-polished to make it sharp, prolonging the service life.

As optimization, an overflow valve communicated with the fertilization bucket is installed on the pipeline between the electric pump and the touch switch in the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device. In this optimization scheme, by setting an overflow valve, when the touch switch is closed, the liquid fertilizer in the pipeline can flow back to the fertilization bucket through the overflow valve, thereby reducing waste.

As an optimization, a Venturi tube is also installed on the pipeline between the touch switch and the fertilization needle. This optimization scheme can accelerate the liquid fertilizer by setting the Venturi tube, so that the liquid fertilizer can be sprayed out from the fertilization channel quickly, and the required liquid fertilizer can be sprayed out in a short period of time, which greatly improves the operation efficiency.

As an optimization, the frame is also provided with a guide rail extending along the furrow width direction, a slide block fixedly connected to the side bar is slidably connected to the guide rail, a latch is pierced on the slide block, and a There are several sockets arranged axially. In this optimization scheme, by setting the guide rail and the slider, by adjusting the position of the slider on the guide rail, the fertilization needle can be brought close to the root of the crops. The opening is concentric with the circular notch of the corresponding guide rail, and then the pin is inserted into the same notch to achieve precise horizontal spacing positioning. After one positioning, there is no need to perform row spacing positioning again; and according to the actual situation of the crops in the greenhouse, it can be used in the greenhouse. An appropriate amount of the fertilization wheel structure is installed on the guide rail to realize multi-row simultaneous fertilization, which greatly improves the working efficiency.

As an optimization, the vehicle frame is also provided with a fixed shaft slidingly connected with the side bar, and the fixed shaft is located below the guide rail and parallel to the guide rail. This optimization scheme provides further guidance and positioning for the sliding of the side rod by setting the fixed shaft.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the use of fertilizer needles can achieve precise positioning of slotting and soil fertilization, so that on the one hand, as long as the root position of the crops to be fertilized is precisely inserted, there is no need to spray the entire crop leaves, so the efficiency of fertilization can be improved. The operation efficiency can realize large-scale root fertilization of crops; on the other hand, the fertilization needle can go deep into the depth required by the crops and spray liquid fertilizer, so as to achieve a deeper fertilization work, and concentrate the spraying of liquid fertilizer on the roots, which can make the crops better. It absorbs the nutrients of liquid fertilizer, does not need to use a large amount of chemical fertilizers, avoids pollution, is relatively friendly to the environment, and improves the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, reducing costs; and the application effect is good, the operation efficiency is high, and it can effectively prevent the deterioration of soil properties and improve the soil environment and quality. , improve crop yield and quality.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic structural view of the whole machine of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the overall mechanical side view of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fertilization needle in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the working state of the fertilization needle in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic outline diagram of a cam in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the schematic diagrams of the cam motion structure in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the liquid path of the fertilization system in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a control flow chart of the control system in the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure:

1. Control switch; 2. Driving wheel; 3. Fertilizing wheel; 4. Fertilizing bucket; 5. Driving motor; 6. Overflow valve; 7. Electric pump; 8. Chain; 9. Compression spring tensioner structure; 10. slider; 11. hose; 12. battery cover; 13. support rod; 14. latch; 15. guide rail; 16. pipe; 17. wire; 18. frame; 19. steering shaft; 20. track wheel ;21, touch switch; 22, cam; 23, fertilization needle; 24, sprocket wheel; 25, motor drive shaft; 26, storage battery; 27, fixed shaft; 28, side bar; Differential; 31. Venturi tube; 32. Block; 33. Spring; 34. Differential chassis; 35. Half shaft; 36. Control display screen; 37. Fertilization motor; 38. Synchronous belt; 39. Box body.

Detailed ways

In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following will describe this solution by taking broccoli as an example through specific implementation methods.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine includes a vehicle frame 18 equipped with a walking device, and a liquid fertilizer storage and conveying device, a cam motion fertilization device, and a positioning device are installed on the vehicle frame. and display controls.

The traveling device includes a driving motor 5, a differential gear 30, a pedestal bearing 29, a sprocket 24, a chain 8, a compression spring type tension wheel structure 9, a driving wheel 2, a driven fertilizing wheel 3, a track wheel 20, and a drive shaft 25, axle shaft 35, differential chassis 34, braking device, described differential chassis 34 links to each other with vehicle frame 18, drive motor 5 and differential gear 30 are all placed on described differential chassis 34, through sprocket 24 and The chain 8 is driven to drive the driving wheel 2 to rotate, and the differential 30 is used to connect the two driving wheels 2. The track wheel 20 is placed in the corresponding track, and there is also an obstacle avoidance module, which runs smoothly and has better obstacle avoidance ability. The movement of the fertilizer spreader is realized by the walking device. Specifically, the power of the driving motor 5 is transmitted to the driving wheel 2 through the transmission shaft 25, the half shaft 35, the sprocket 24, and the chain 8 to make it rotate, so as to drive the fertilizer applicator to walk; the differential 30 can be realized in the When the fertilizer applicator is turning, it is ensured that the speed of the inner wheel of the track is slower than that of the outer side of the track, so as to prevent the fertilizer applicator from turning over when the speed of the wheels on both sides is consistent; The tension of the chain is automatically adjusted to make the transmission system more stable, safe and reliable.

What the driving device in the walking device adopted is a 48V DC brushed motor, and the 48V DC brushed motor is fixed on the differential chassis 34, and the DC motor is connected to the control system by an electric wire 17, and its corresponding rotating speed will be displayed on the control display screen 36 or The mobile phone app displays, and the speed can be adjusted through the control system, and there are reducers installed on the drive axle on both sides of the sprocket 24, so as to reduce the output speed and make the fertilizer spreader run smoothly and stably.

In order to facilitate the installation of the walking device, cam motion fertilization device, positioning device, liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device and display control device, suitable vehicle frame 18, support rod 13 and box body 39 are provided in this embodiment. In the running gear, the driving motor 5 is connected to the control switch 1 through electric wires, and then connected to the storage battery 26. The driving motor 5 and the differential 30 are connected around the vehicle frame through the differential chassis 34, and the driving wheels 2 and the track wheels 20 are installed. On the bottom surface of the vehicle frame 18, the casing 39 is installed above the vehicle frame by four support rods 13, the fertilizing bucket 4 and the storage battery 26 are all placed in the casing 39, and the four support rods 13 support the casing 39.

The vehicle frame is also equipped with a downwardly extending side bar 28 and a safety needle plate fixed on the side bar, and the safety needle plate is slidably connected with a fertilization tank 4 communicated with the fertilization barrel 4 of the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device through the infusion fertilizer pipeline. Needle 23, a touch switch 21 that moves up and down with the fertilization needle is installed on the infusion fertilizer pipeline, and a stopper 32 that is positioned on the moving track of the touch switch is fixed on the safety needle plate; it also includes driving the fertilization needle to move up and down cam motion fertilization device.

The cam motion fertilizing device includes a cam 22 that is axially connected to the needle plate and a second driving device 37 that drives the cam to rotate and is fixedly connected with the side bar. The motor transmission is connected, and the fertilization wheel 3 is fixed by the rods 28 on both sides. When the cam 22 rotates, the fertilization needle 23 is pushed to be inserted into the soil for fertilization. The cam is provided with two far angles of repose in the circumferential direction, and the schematic diagram of the cam profile is shown in Figure 5. The fertilizing needle is connected with a roller contacted with the cam through the rotation of the horizontal axis, and the fertilizing needle and the security pin plate are also connected by a return spring 33 . Specifically, the needle plate is fixed with a sliding sleeve that slides with the fertilization needle, the outer wall of the fertilization needle is fixed with an upper limit plate, and the needle plate is fixed with a lower limit plate located below the slide sleeve. The return spring is sheathed on the fertilization needle, and the two ends of the return spring can push against the upper limit plate and the lower limit plate respectively.

A one-way valve is installed in the injection channel of the fertilizing needle, and arc-shaped blades are respectively fixed on both sides of the injection channel, and the arc-shaped blade 3 is close to the ground entry end of the fertilization needle, and the arc-shaped blade 3 wraps the injection channel, and the maximum The range of 360° protects the fertilization channel, and the arc-shaped blade 3 generates a transverse tangential force, which can break the soil and make grooves and protect the fertilization needle. When the arc-shaped blade 3 becomes blunt, it can be polished again. The one-way valve is placed inside the fertilization needle to realize the one-way injection of liquid fertilizer. Refer to Figure 4 for the resultant force of the fertilization needle when fertilizing.

The liquid source of the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device adopts the electric pump 7 to carry out extraction and spraying. The electric pump 7 is arranged on the chassis protruding from the bottom of the casing 39 . Plastic pipes 16 are used to connect the fertilization bucket 4 and the electric pump 7, the electric pump 7 and the overflow valve 6, the overflow valve 6 and the fertilization bucket 4, the electric pump 7 and the hose 11, and the plastic pipes are all arranged in the tank. On the body 39, it is convenient to connect and fix between the various parts. What adopt between connecting plastic pipe 16 and fertilizing needle structure is flexible pipe 11, flexible pipe is convenient to expand and contract, is conducive to the movement of fertilizing wheel structure on guide rail 15. The overflow valve 6 is placed between the electric pump 7 and the fertilization barrel 4, and is installed on a dividing plate fixed on the casing 39. During operation, the liquid fertilizer is finally transported to the fertilization needle 23 from the fertilization barrel 4 along the plastic pipeline 16, the electric pump 7, the plastic pipeline 16, the flexible pipe 11, and the Venturi tube 31 under the suction of the electric pump 7 for spraying. A pressure feedback device is also placed in the hydraulic system to feed back the pressure to the control display screen 36 and the mobile phone app for real-time monitoring of the hydraulic system. Refer to Figure 8 for the schematic diagram of the hydraulic circuit.

The pipeline between the electric pump 7 and the touch switch in the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device is also equipped with an overflow valve communicated with the fertilization barrel, and a Venturi tube 31 is also installed on the pipeline between the touch switch and the fertilization needle. Touch switch 21 is torsion spring switch, and torsion spring switch can adopt prior art, and its concrete structure is no longer repeated.

The positioning device includes a guide rail 15 fixed on the frame box and extending along the furrow width direction, on which a slide block 10 affixed to the side bar is slidably connected, and a latch 14 is pierced on the slide block 10, and A plurality of insertion holes arranged in the axial direction are opened on the guide rail. The two-wheeled side bar 28 is connected with the slide block 10 for positioning, and according to the actual situation of the greenhouse crops, the fertilization wheel structure can be provided with multiple, in the present embodiment, 4. The casing on the vehicle frame is also fixedly provided with a fixed shaft 27 slidingly connected with the side bar. The fixed shaft 27 is located below the guide rail and is parallel to the guide rail. The fertilization wheel side bar 28 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 27 for positioning.

Through the positioning device, the fertilization wheel structure equipped with the cam driving device is connected with the slider 10 above the guide rail 15 through the side bar 28, and the guide rail 15 is fixed on the guide rail 15 by adjusting the position of the slider 10 on the guide rail 15. Casing 39, the upper side has the original shape notch that equal small distance is 2cm, makes the circular notch of described slide block 10 and the circular notch of belonging guide rail 15 concentric, inserts concentric groove through described slide block latch 14 again The precise positioning of the horizontal spacing is realized, and the precise positioning of the plant spacing is performed by the cam speed according to the previously derived formula, thereby realizing the precise positioning of the row spacing and the plant spacing. After one positioning, there is no need to perform row spacing positioning. In this embodiment, there are 4 fertilization wheels, which can realize multi-row simultaneous fertilization and greatly improve operation efficiency.

When using the fertilizer applicator to fertilize the roots of crops, move the applicator to the place to be operated, adjust the position of the fertilization wheel structure so that the fertilization needle 23 is closest to the root of the crop, and the fertilization needle 23 is perpendicular to the ground, start the electric pump 7, walk The driving motor 5 of the device and the fertilizing motor, the fertilizing machine walks, the fertilizing motor drives the cam 22 to rotate, the cam 22 and the fertilizing needle 23 form a roller push rod cam structure, and when the cam 22 rotates to the corresponding position, the fertilizing needle 23 is pushed down, Start inserting into the soil for fertilization. In this embodiment, the fertilization needle 23 has an arc-shaped blade, which can be easily inserted into the soil for fertilization. In addition, the cam speed can be adjusted according to the corresponding plant distance and the speed of the drive motor, so that the fertilization needle can accurately locate the root position of the crop. . The downward force of the arc-shaped blade under the fertilization needle 23 and the tangential force generated when the fertilizer applicator is running can quickly break the soil for the fertilization needle 23 and protect the fertilization needle 23 during the process of inserting the soil and returning the fertilization needle. to prevent wear and tear. When the fertilizing needle 23 has just dropped to the deepest point (at the maximum push distance), the torsion spring switch is pushed away by the block 32, and the fertilization needle 23 remains at the deepest point in the range of the angle of repose far away, and the torsion spring switch 21 remains on. The liquid fertilizer is accelerated through the Venturi tube 31 and sprayed quickly and directly on the roots of the crops from the injection channel. The position and angle of the fertilization needle 23 are convenient for the insertion and return of the fertilization needle 23, which is conducive to the movement of the fertilization needle 23. The fertilization needle 23 is fixed by the boss on the safety needle plate, and the fertilization needle 23 is equipped with a coaxial spring on the lower side 33, and the lower side of the spring 33 is in contact with the soil platform on the lowermost side of the needle plate, and the fertilizing needle 23 is bounced back to the initial position by the spring 33 during the return trip. After that, the fertilizer applicator repeats the above process until the liquid fertilizer is used up or the fertilization ends.

What drives the fertilization needle to insert into the soil is the roller push rod cam motion structure composed of the fertilization needle 23 and the cam 22. Refer to Figures 6 and 7. As long as the contour curve of the cam 22 is properly designed, the roller can be The putter gets the motion law you want, and the cam action mechanism is fast, simple and compact. The designed cam profile can refer to Fig. 5, and the cam 22 realizes twice fertilization every revolution. The roller is located in the upper lateral notch of the fertilizing needle 23, the friction between the roller cam mechanism and the cam profile is rolling friction, and the wear is the smallest compared with others, so it can also transmit larger The power of the fertilizer makes the fertilization needle inserted into the soil for fertilization.

In this embodiment, through the control system, the rotation speed of the cam depends on the distance between the fertilized crops and the walking speed of the fertilizer applicator, so as to ensure that the fertilization needle can be accurately inserted into the root of the crops for fertilization, and the distance between the plants and the speed of the drive motor n _1. The speed n ₂ of the fertilization motor should meet:

Among them, L is the plant-to-plant distance, and the cam can be sprayed twice in _one revolution, R is the radius of the driving wheel, K1 is the transmission ratio between the driving motor and the driving wheel, and _K2 is the transmission ratio between the cam motor and the cam, n ₃ is the rotation speed of the driving wheel, n ₄ is the rotation speed of the cam, r is the radius of the base circle of the cam, the amount to be adjusted: the rotation speed of the driving motor n ₁ , the rotation speed of the fertilization motor n ₂ . Because when the driving wheel drives the vehicle to pass a crop spacing x, the cam rotates exactly 180 degrees. According to the same sequence of time t between the two, the above formulas are combined and simplified to finally obtain the spacing between crops and the speed n ₁ of the driving motor, and the fertilization motor Relational formula for speed n ₂ . The cam is adjusted by this formula.

Refer to FIG. 8 for the principle diagram of the liquid circuit of the present invention. The Venturi tube 31, torsion spring switch and overflow valve 6 are installed near the top of the fertilization needle 23, and the Venturi tube 31 can realize accelerating the liquid fertilizer; the torsion spring switch is a normally closed mechanical switch, when the fertilization When the needle is about to approach the root of the crop, the torsion spring switch will be pushed away by the block, and when the fertilization needle is inserted into the deepest part of the soil, the torsion spring switch is fully opened, and the electric pump 7 will quickly spray out the liquid fertilizer , when not working, the torsion spring switch is closed, and the liquid fertilizer is not sprayed; the overflow valve 6 is placed between the electric pump 7 and the torsion spring switch, and the liquid fertilizer is refluxed when the torsion spring switch is closed The fertilization barrel 4, the torsion spring switch is only opened when the fertilization needle 23 is at the far angle of repose, so as to realize the quantitative spraying of liquid fertilizer each time, and the average speed of each spraying is consistent, so as to realize precise quantitative and enhance the accuracy and safety of the liquid system.

This embodiment also includes a control system. The flow chart of the control system of the fertilizer applicator is shown in Figure 9, including a control display screen 36, a control switch 1, a control chip, a WiFi module, an obstacle avoidance module, speed and pressure feedback devices, and a liquid level detection device. , the control switch 1 is placed on the casing 39, and is used to control the start of the drive motor 5 and the fertilizing motor; the control display screen 36 is placed near the control switch 1 on the casing 39, and buttons and touch screens can be used to input corresponding information. Some important information can be displayed in real time; the WiFi module is placed inside the control switch 1, and the information can be input remotely through the mobile app through WiFi to control the speed of the fertilizer spreader and the start-stop status of the fertilizer spreader. Important parameter information of the fertilizer spreader can also be accessed through the Mobile phone app for real-time viewing; the obstacle avoidance module is placed on the front side of the fertilizer spreader. When there is an obstacle, the fertilizer spreader will reduce the walking speed to prevent the fertilizer from vibrating violently when it encounters an obstacle, which will affect the fertilizer spreader. The insertion effect of the fertilization needle effectively improves the effect of fertilization when encountering obstacles; the speed and pressure feedback devices are respectively placed at the driving wheel, the electric pump outlet and the torsion spring switch, which can feedback the pressure and speed information in real time. It is displayed on the mobile app and controlled accordingly; the liquid level detection device is placed inside the fertilization bucket 4, which can monitor the liquid level of the liquid fertilizer in the fertilization bucket 4 in real time, and will alarm when the liquid fertilizer is about to be applied; , after the crop spacing has been input, the cam speed will be based on In this formula, as the speed of the drive motor changes, the speed of the cam is automatically adjusted, so that the fertilization needle can be inserted into the soil at the root of the crop accurately for fertilization, achieving precise positioning, making the fertilizer applicator more intelligent and automated, and greatly improving The efficiency of the fertilizer spreader.

A fertilization method using a facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

1. Move the fertilizer applicator to the position to be operated, and adjust the position of each slider on the guide rail before operation, so that the fertilization needle moves close to the root of the crop with the movement of the slider;

2. Input the corresponding crop spacing to the control system of the fertilizer spreader through the button touch screen or mobile app;

3. Start the liquid fertilizer conveying drive device, the touch switch on the liquid fertilizer pipeline is closed at this time, and the liquid fertilizer returns to the fertilization bucket through the overflow valve;

4. After all preparations are ready, start the fertilizer applicator walking drive and fertilization drive, and the fertilizer applicator starts to walk;

5. After the plant distance is fixed, during the running process of the fertilizer applicator, the speed of the fertilization driving device is adapted to the walking speed of the fertilizer applicator, and the speed of the fertilization motor will change with the speed of the drive motor. When the switch is turned on, the cam movement mechanism makes the fertilizing needle accurately insert the soil near the root of the crop, and the liquid fertilizer flows into the soil through the fertilizing needle for fertilization;

6. When the fertilization needle leaves the root of the crop, the touch switch on the infusion fertilizer pipeline is turned off, the fertilization needle resets, and one fertilization is completed;

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for large-scale fertilization.

The present invention utilizes fertilization needles to realize fertilization by slotting into the soil with precise positioning, so that on the one hand, as long as the root position of the crops to be fertilized is accurately inserted, there is no need to spray the entire crop leaves, so the operation efficiency of fertilization can be improved, and the fertilization can be realized Large-scale crop root fertilization; on the other hand, the fertilization needle 23 can go deep into the depth required by the crop and spray liquid fertilizer, thereby realizing a deeper fertilization work. The fertilization needle can be directly inserted 12 cm below the soil to fertilize the crop root, and the liquid fertilizer Concentrated spraying on the roots can make the crops better absorb the nutrients of the liquid fertilizer, without using a large amount of chemical fertilizers, avoiding pollution, relatively friendly to the environment, and improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and reducing costs.

Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be realized by or using existing technologies, and will not be repeated here; the above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate that the technical solutions of the present invention are not is a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that changes, modifications, Neither addition nor replacement deviates from the gist of the present invention, and should also belong to the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of fertilizing using a facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precisely positioned quantitative fertilizer applicator, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Move the fertilizer applicator to the position to be operated, and adjust the position of each slider on the guide rail before operation, so that the fertilization needle moves close to the root of the crop with the movement of the slider; (2) Input the corresponding crop spacing to the control system of the fertilizer applicator; (3) Start the liquid fertilizer conveying drive device, the touch switch on the liquid fertilizer pipeline is closed at this time, and the liquid fertilizer returns to the fertilization bucket through the overflow valve; (4) Start the driving device of the fertilizer applicator and the driving device of fertilization; (5) During the running process of the fertilizer applicator, the speed of the fertilization driving device is adapted to the walking speed of the fertilizer applicator. When it is close to the crop, the touch switch on the infusion fertilizer pipeline is turned on, and the cam movement mechanism makes the fertilization needle accurately near the root of the crop. Insert the soil, and the liquid fertilizer flows into the soil through the fertilization needle for fertilization; (6) When the fertilization needle leaves the root of the crop, the touch switch on the infusion fertilizer pipeline is turned off, the fertilization needle is reset, and one fertilization is completed; (7) Repeat steps (5) and (6). 2. A facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine, including a frame (18) with a walking device installed on the frame, and a liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device is installed on the frame, and it is characterized in that: the frame also has A side bar (28) extending downwards and an needle plate fixed on the side bar are installed, and the needle plate is slidably connected with a fertilization tank (4) connected with the fertilizer bucket (4) of the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device through the infusion fertilizer pipeline. Needle (23), the infusion fertilizer pipeline is equipped with a touch switch (21) that moves up and down with the fertilization needle, and the safety needle plate is fixed with a block (32) on the moving track of the touch switch; it also includes a drive The fertilization needle is a cam motion fertilization device that moves up and down. 3. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cam motion fertilization device includes a cam (22) that is axially connected to the needle plate and drives the cam to rotate And the second driving device (37) fixedly connected with the side bar; The fertilization needle is connected with a roller contacted with the cam through the rotation of the horizontal axis, and the fertilization needle and the safety needle plate are also connected by a return spring (33). 4. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the needle plate is fixed with a sliding sleeve that slides with the fertilization needle, and the outer wall of the fertilization needle is fixed. An upper limit plate is provided, and a lower limit plate located below the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the safety needle plate, and the return spring is sleeved on the fertilization needle, and the two ends of the return spring can respectively push up to the upper limit plate and the lower limit plate . 5. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantitative fertilizer applicator according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cam is provided with two far angles of repose in the circumferential direction. 6. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: arc-shaped blades are fixed on both sides of the injection channel of the fertilization needle. 7. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pipeline between the electric pump (7) and the touch switch in the liquid fertilizer storage and delivery device is installed with a fertilization bucket Connected overflow valve. 8. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: a Venturi tube (31) is also installed on the pipeline between the touch switch and the fertilization needle. 9. The facility cam-driven liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the frame is also provided with a guide rail (15) extending along the width of the furrow, and the guide rail is slidingly connected There is a slide block (10) fixedly connected with the side bar, the slide block (10) is pierced with a pin (14), and a plurality of axially arranged insertion holes are opened on the guide rail. 10. The facility cam-driven type liquid fertilizer precise positioning and quantitative fertilization machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: the frame is also provided with a fixed shaft (27) slidingly connected with the side rod, and the fixed shaft ( 27) Located below and parallel to the rail.