CN110463537A - A kind of wheat green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of wheat green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation methods, comprising the following steps: selects excellent variety, code requirement farming seeding technique nurturing staff, management, spring and final-period management, Study on Comprehensive Pest Control, mechanical harvest before the winter.Using the technology of " evening two increases three preventions ", science application base fertilizer, applying organic manure, improve the soil texture, it reasonably selects wheat breed and carries out dressing seed, postpone date of seeding, using survey moisture in the soil supplementary irrigation high-yield culture technique, different chemical control pest and disease damages is respectively adopted in period of seedling establishment, jointing stage, heading stage, substantially increases wheat yield.

Description

A green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat.

Background technique

At present, in my country's agricultural production, a large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals are used, causing serious pollution to soil resources, water resources and the environment, and pesticide residues in food exceed the standard, seriously affecting human health. Wheat is an important food crop. Traditional wheat planting is generally sown from mid-to-late September to early October, and matures from the end of May to mid-to-late June of the following year. During this period, irrigation and fertilization are based on experience. Due to the lack of reasonable wheat seed treatment, fertilizer use, and soil Improvement, pest control, wheat yields are generally lower.

In order to realize the green increase of wheat production and efficiency, the key is to select high-yield and high-efficiency varieties in the technical approach, and the improvement of soil fertility is the foundation.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selection of fine varieties

Select winter and semi-winter wheat varieties with high yield, cold resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, dry and hot wind resistance, and anti-aging;

(2) Cultivate strong seedlings with standardized tillage and seeding techniques

1) Selected seeds and chemical seed dressing

The purified and rejuvenated wheat seeds are selected for selection, the purity is not less than 99.0%, the clarity is not less than 99.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture is not higher than 13.0%. Imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent + Li Kexiu Seed dressing;

2) Scientific application of base fertilizer and additional application of organic fertilizer

After the previous crops are harvested, the soil texture is improved by returning the straw to the field and adding organic fertilizers, and the organic matter content of the 0-20cm soil before sowing is more than 1.4%;

3) Land preparation

Combination of deep plowing and rotary plowing, deep plowing once every 2 years, plowing depth of more than 25cm, after deep plowing, rotary plowing and timely harrowing to break up soil clods to achieve flat ground, pine at the top and solid at the bottom, moisture conservation and drought resistance, and avoid loosening the surface soil and sowing too deep , forming weak seedlings for deep sowing;

4) Planting at the right time and with sufficient moisture

The sowing date is October 6-October 18. Wheat is sown by a wide precision sowing machine. The sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing row spacing is 22 cm, and the sowing width is 6 cm. 180,000/mu, no missed sowing, no re-seeding, and replanting in the field to ensure that the seedlings are all in order;

(3) Pre-winter management

1) Check seedlings and replant, cultivate strong seedlings

Check the seedlings and replant in time after the emergence of wheat seedlings. For the plots with lack of seedlings and broken ridges, select seeds of the same variety as the plots, open ditches and sow seeds. If the moisture content is poor, ditches and water for replanting, and cultivate strong seedlings. There are 3-5 tillers per plant, and the total number of tillers per mu is 600,000-800,000;

2) chemical weeding

When the daily average temperature in the tillering stage of wheat before winter is 10°C, use appropriate pesticides to control weeds in wheat fields;

(4) Spring and late management

1) Suppression of hoeing

During the turning green stage of wheat, mechanically suppress and hoe, increase temperature and maintain moisture, so as to promote the growth of root system and wheat stems and leaves, and form strong seedlings and a reasonable group structure;

2) Control weeds

Chemical control of weeds in wheat fields during the turning green period of wheat;

3) Prevent cold spring

Pay close attention to weather changes, fertilize and irrigate before cooling down. In case of freezing damage, topdress urea with 10 kg per mu, draw hoe to increase ground temperature, and spray plant growth regulators on leaves to promote the recovery of wheat as soon as possible;

4) Nitrogen fertilizer is moved back at the jointing stage

Adopt the high-yield cultivation technology of moving nitrogen fertilizer back, reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to 1/3, and increase the proportion of topdressing fertilizer to 2/3. At the same time, the time of spring topdressing is moved to the late jointing stage, and fertilization is carried out in combination with watering;

5) Watering in spring adopts water-saving cultivation technology of moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation

The wheat fields with plantar moisture do not need to be watered in winter. The key periods of water demand are the jointing stage and the flowering stage. According to the measured soil moisture content, the amount of irrigation that needs to be supplemented is calculated so that the relative soil moisture content of the 0-40cm soil layer reaches 70 -75%;

(5) Integrated pest control technology

Different pesticides are used to control diseases and insect pests at the greening stage, jointing stage and heading stage;

(6) Mechanical Harvesting

At the end of wax ripening, the grains are harvested by a combine harvester.

Specifically, the number of ears per mu of the wheat variety selected in the step (1) reaches 450,000, the number of grains per ear reaches 45 grains, and the weight of a thousand grains reaches 50 g.

Specifically, the wheat variety in the step (1) is Yannong 1212, Yannong 999 or Yannong 173.

Specifically, in the step (2) 2) scientifically apply the base fertilizer, increase the application of organic fertilizer, return the straw to the field after the previous crop is harvested, crush the straw with a length of ≤ 5 cm, and fertilize according to the yield target and soil fertility test formula, a total of Apply 180 kg/ha of pure nitrogen, the base: topdressing ratio is 1:2; add organic fertilizer, apply decomposed cow dung 4 cubic meters per mu, apply ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 25 kg per mu, Apply before deep plowing.

Specifically, in the step (5), use 75% tritrifloxacin-tebuconazole water-dispersible granules+70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules to prevent and control aphids, sheath blight, and powdery mildew during the greening stage;

At the jointing stage, use 60% azole ether · daisenlian water dispersible granules + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent spray to prevent and control wheat spiders, sheath blight, and root rot per mu;

Spray with 30% benzopropiconazole EC + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + humic acid foliar fertilizer at the heading stage, and spray every 7 days Once, a total of three sprays.

The invention integrates and innovates a wheat green, high-yield and high-efficiency technical model focusing on "one night, two increases and three preventions". "One night" means that the sowing date is postponed from October 1st to October 10th to October 10th to October 18th; The traditional basic seedlings from 120,000 to 180,000 per mu have been increased to 180,000 to 220,000 basic seedlings; "three preventions" are the first prevention of pests and diseases at the seedling stage, seed treatment, the second prevention of lodging in the later period, and the transfer of fertilizer and water in spring to the early stage of booting after jointing, and the third prevention To prevent pests and plant senescence in the middle and later stages, use 30% benzopropiconazole EC + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + humic acid foliar fertilizer at the heading stage Carry out spraying, spray once every 7 days, spray altogether three times.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (recommended to further supplement and increase) The present invention adopts the technology of "one night, two increases and three preventions", scientifically applies base fertilizer, increases organic fertilizer, improves soil texture, rationally selects wheat varieties and performs medicament seed dressing, Delaying the sowing date, adopting the high-yield cultivation technology of moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation, and using different pesticides to control diseases and insect pests at the greening stage, jointing stage, and heading stage, greatly increased the wheat yield.

Detailed ways

The following are specific examples of the present invention, further describing the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. All changes or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

A green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat comprises the following steps:

(1) Selection of fine varieties

Select winter and semi-winter wheat varieties with high yield, cold resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, dry and hot wind resistance, and anti-aging; the selected varieties have good comprehensive resistance, reasonable yield structure and great yield potential, and the number of ears per mu can reach 450,000 , the number of grains per panicle is about 45 grains, and the weight of thousand grains is about 50g. Such as tobacco farmers 1212, tobacco farmers 999, tobacco farmers 173 and so on.

(2) Cultivate strong seedlings with standardized tillage and seeding techniques

1) Selected seeds and chemical seed dressing

The purified and rejuvenated wheat seeds are selected for selection, the purity is not less than 99.0%, the clarity is not less than 99.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture is not higher than 13.0%. Imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent + Li Kexiu Seed dressing;

2) Scientific application of base fertilizer and additional application of organic fertilizer

Effective measures to improve soil texture and soil fertility are returning straw to the field and adding organic fertilizers. Suitable for soil foundation, the organic matter content of 0-20cm soil before sowing is more than 1.4%. After the previous crop is harvested, the straw is returned to the field, and the length of the crushed straw is ≤5 cm. According to the yield target, soil fertility and other soil testing formula fertilization, a total of 180 kg/ha of pure nitrogen was applied, and the base:topdressing ratio was 1:2. Add organic fertilizer, apply decomposed cow dung 4 square meters per mu, apply 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per mu, and apply it before deep plowing.

3) Land preparation

Combination of deep plowing and rotary plowing, deep plowing once every 2 years, plowing depth of more than 25cm, after deep plowing, rotary plowing and timely harrowing to break up soil clods to achieve flat ground, pine at the top and solid at the bottom, moisture conservation and drought resistance, and avoid loosening the surface soil and sowing too deep , forming weak seedlings for deep sowing;

4) Planting at the right time and with sufficient moisture

The broadcast period is from October 6th to October 18th, and it will be broadcast at a later date. Wheat wide precision sowing machine sowing, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing row spacing is 22 cm, the sowing width is 6 cm, 16 rows per furrow, the width of the furrow stem is 40 cm, the basic seedlings are 120,000-180,000 per mu, no missed sowing, no re-seeding, The fields should be replanted in order to ensure that the seedlings are all in order;

(3) Pre-winter management

1) Check seedlings and replant, cultivate strong seedlings

Check the seedlings and replant in time after the emergence of wheat seedlings. For the plots with lack of seedlings and broken ridges, select seeds of the same variety as the plots, open ditches and sow seeds. If the moisture content is poor, ditches and water for replanting, and cultivate strong seedlings. There are 3-5 tillers per plant, and the total number of tillers per mu is 600,000-800,000;

2) chemical weeding

When the daily average temperature in the tillering stage of wheat before winter is 10°C, use appropriate pesticides to control weeds in wheat fields;

(4) Spring and late management

1) Suppression of hoeing

During the turning green stage of wheat, mechanically suppress and hoe, increase temperature and maintain moisture, so as to promote the growth of root system and wheat stems and leaves, and form strong seedlings and a reasonable group structure;

2) Control weeds

Chemical control of weeds in wheat fields during the turning green period of wheat;

3) Prevent cold spring

Pay close attention to weather changes, fertilize and irrigate before cooling down. In case of freezing damage, topdress urea with 10 kg per mu, draw hoe to increase ground temperature, and spray plant growth regulators on leaves to promote the recovery of wheat as soon as possible;

4) Nitrogen fertilizer is moved back at the jointing stage

Adopting the high-yield cultivation technology of moving nitrogen fertilizer back, reducing the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer to 1/3 of the base fertilizer and increasing the proportion of topdressing fertilizer to 2/3 can effectively reduce ineffective tillers, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and improve root activity in the middle and late stages of wheat growth , Delay aging and increase grain weight. At the same time, the spring topdressing time is moved to the late jointing stage, and fertilization is carried out in combination with watering. Using the high-yield cultivation technology of moving nitrogen fertilizer back, compared with traditional fertilization, the nutrient use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is increased by more than 11.2% on average, and the water use efficiency is increased by 18.9% on average.

5) Watering in spring adopts water-saving cultivation technology of moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation

Traditional irrigation does not consider the soil moisture content before irrigation, and generally uses flood irrigation, so water resources are seriously wasted. A wheat field with sufficient plantar moisture does not need to be irrigated with winter water, and the key periods of water demand are the jointing period and the flowering period. The high-yield cultivation technique of moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation determines that the target soil relative water content of the 0-40cm soil layer in the key growth period of wheat is 70%- 75%, according to the measured soil moisture content, calculate the amount of irrigation that needs to be supplemented, so that the relative soil moisture content of the 0-40cm soil layer reaches 70-75%; compared with traditional irrigation, moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation can significantly save water resources and improve wheat grain yield and water use efficiency.

(5) Integrated pest control technology

Different pesticides are used to control diseases and insect pests at the greening stage, jointing stage and heading stage; specifically:

Use 75% Oxime-tebuconazole water-dispersible granules + 70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules to control aphids, sheath blight, powdery mildew and other diseases and insect pests in the green stage;

At the jointing stage, use 60% azole ether·Dysenlian water dispersible granules + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent spray to control wheat spiders, sheath blight, root rot and other pests and diseases;

Spray with 30% benzopropiconazole EC + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + humic acid foliar fertilizer at the heading stage, and spray every 7 days Once, a total of three sprays. Wheat has "one spray and three defenses", and one spraying can achieve the purpose of preventing insects, diseases, dry and hot wind, and delaying aging.

(6) Mechanical Harvesting

At the end of wax ripening, the grains are harvested by a combine harvester.

High-yield and high-efficiency results obtained by adopting the cultivation method of the present invention: Yannong 1212, a new high-yield and high-efficiency wheat variety, was selected, and this cultivation technology was applied. In 2015, the actual production of Yannong 1212 exceeded 800 kg for six times in four years. The specific data is shown in the table below, and it was refreshed twice. The highest per unit yield of winter wheat in the country has been recorded, and the three elements of tobacco farmers' 1212 production have achieved mutual coordination and complementarity at a relatively high level of production.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and anyone should know that any structural changes made under the inspiration of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same as or similar to the present invention, all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The technologies, shapes and construction parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims (5)

1. a green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Selection of fine varieties Select winter and semi-winter wheat varieties with high yield, cold resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, dry and hot wind resistance, and anti-aging; (2) Cultivate strong seedlings with standardized tillage and seeding techniques 1) Selected seeds and chemical seed dressing The purified and rejuvenated wheat seeds are selected for selection, the purity is not less than 99.0%, the clarity is not less than 99.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture is not higher than 13.0%. Imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent + Li Kexiu Seed dressing; 2) Scientific application of base fertilizer and additional application of organic fertilizer After the previous crops are harvested, the soil texture is improved by returning the straw to the field and adding organic fertilizers, and the organic matter content of the 0-20cm soil before sowing is more than 1.4%; 3) Land preparation Combination of deep plowing and rotary plowing, deep plowing once every 2 years, plowing depth of more than 25cm, after deep plowing, rotary plowing and timely harrowing to break up soil clods to achieve flat ground, pine at the top and solid at the bottom, moisture conservation and drought resistance, and avoid loosening the surface soil and sowing too deep , forming weak seedlings for deep sowing; 4) Planting at the right time and with sufficient moisture The sowing date is October 6-October 18. Wheat is sown by a wide precision sowing machine. The sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing row spacing is 22 cm, and the sowing width is 6 cm. 180,000/mu, no missed sowing, no re-seeding, and replanting in the field to ensure that the seedlings are all in order; (3) Pre-winter management 1) Check seedlings and replant, cultivate strong seedlings Check the seedlings and replant in time after the emergence of wheat seedlings. For the plots with lack of seedlings and broken ridges, select seeds of the same variety as the plots, open ditches and sow seeds. If the moisture content is poor, ditches and water for replanting, and cultivate strong seedlings. There are 3-5 tillers per plant, and the total number of tillers per mu is 600,000-800,000; 2) chemical weeding When the daily average temperature in the tillering stage of wheat before winter is 10°C, use appropriate pesticides to control weeds in wheat fields; (4) Spring and late management 1) Suppression of hoeing During the turning green stage of wheat, mechanically suppress and hoe, increase temperature and maintain moisture, so as to promote the growth of root system and wheat stems and leaves, and form strong seedlings and a reasonable group structure; 2) Control weeds Chemical control of weeds in wheat fields during the turning green period of wheat; 3) Prevent cold spring Pay close attention to weather changes, fertilize and irrigate before cooling down. In case of freezing damage, topdress urea with 10 kg per mu, draw hoe to increase ground temperature, and spray plant growth regulators on leaves to promote the recovery of wheat as soon as possible; 4) Nitrogen fertilizer is moved back at the jointing stage Adopt the high-yield cultivation technology of moving nitrogen fertilizer back, reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to 1/3, and increase the proportion of topdressing fertilizer to 2/3. At the same time, the time of spring topdressing is moved to the late jointing stage, and fertilization is carried out in combination with watering; 5) Watering in spring adopts water-saving cultivation technology of moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation The wheat fields with plantar moisture do not need to be watered in winter. The key periods of water demand are the jointing stage and the flowering stage. According to the measured soil moisture content, the amount of irrigation that needs to be supplemented is calculated so that the relative soil moisture content of the 0-40cm soil layer reaches 70 -75%; (5) Integrated pest control technology Different pesticides are used to control diseases and insect pests at the greening stage, jointing stage and heading stage; (6) Mechanical Harvesting At the end of wax ripening, the grains are harvested by a combine harvester. 2. the green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the number of ears per mu of wheat varieties selected in the step (1) reaches 450,000, the number of grains per ear reaches 45, and the thousand-grain weight reaches 50g. 3. The green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wheat variety in the step (1) is Yannong 1212, Yannong 999 or Yannong 173. 4. The green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (2) 2) scientific application of base fertilizer, additional application of organic fertilizer, after the harvest of previous crops, the straw is returned to the field, and the straw is crushed Length ≤ 5 cm, fertilization according to the yield target and soil fertility test formula, a total of 180 kg/ha of pure nitrogen, base:topdressing ratio of 1:2; additional organic fertilizer, 4 cubic meters of decomposed cow dung per mu, Apply 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per mu and apply it before deep plowing. 5. The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in the described step (5), the green stage uses 75% tritrifloxacin tebuconazole water-dispersible granules+70% imidacloprid water-dispersible Granules control aphids, sheath blight, and powdery mildew; At the jointing stage, use 60% azole ether · daisenlian water dispersible granules + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent spray to prevent and control wheat spiders, sheath blight, and root rot per mu; Spray with 30% benzopropiconazole EC + 22% chlorofluoroclothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + humic acid foliar fertilizer at the heading stage, and spray every 7 days Once, a total of three sprays.