CN110454309A - Moving blade turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention proposes a moving blade water turbine, which includes a pump casing, which includes upper and lower end covers, first and second transition connecting plates, front and rear side plates, at least part of the upper and lower end covers are arc-shaped, and the radius of the upper end cover is The smaller, arc-shaped upper and lower end covers are connected by two transitional connecting plates; the two transitional connecting plates are respectively provided with water inlets and water outlets; the upper and lower end covers, the first and second transitional connecting plates, the front and rear There is a rotor in the internal space formed by the side plates; a rotating shaft is arranged in the rotor, and the rotating shaft forms an eccentric structure in the pump casing, and the rotating shaft is connected with the front and rear side plates through bearings; The transitional connection plate corresponding to the opening direction is provided with a water inlet, and the leaf plate can rotate freely locally with its movable connection end as the center of the circle. The leaf plate can rotate freely until it is separated from the rotor surface. The end of the leaf plate can be attached to Sliding on the inner wall of the pump casing. The movable blade water turbine has high efficiency, simple structure and low manufacturing cost.

Description

Moving blade turbine

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water turbines, in particular to a moving blade water turbine.

Background technique

my country is a large oceanic country, with a coastline of nearly 20,000 kilometers, star-studded harbors, and dotted with capes and islands. There is a huge reserve of tidal energy available to us, nearly 200 million KW, which is an inexhaustible, safe, reliable and clean energy for us. At the same time, my country is a country rich in land, rivers and water resources. According to statistics, the theoretical reserve of my country's mainland hydropower resources is nearly 700 million KW, and the exploitable capacity is 540 million KW. Judging from the tidal energy power stations that have been built in China, the operation and operation conditions are generally unsatisfactory, and there are common problems, that is, high unit cost, large amount of civil engineering, low operation efficiency, and slow return on investment. Some rely on local government subsidies, and some rely on breeding and diversification to obtain returns, which seriously restricts people's investment enthusiasm for tidal power generation and affects the development and utilization of tidal energy, a valuable high-quality green new energy. From the perspective of river hydropower, except for some large-scale hydropower facilities, the utilization of water energy in areas with gentle water flow is also a problem. The fundamental crux of the existence of these problems is that there is no reasonably designed, economical and applicable water turbine with ultra-low head characteristics for selection.

There are two types of water turbines currently used, namely impact water turbines and impact water turbines. From the working principle and process of the impact turbine, when the water flow finally acts on the impeller, the direction of the force is tangent to the impeller surface, and only a part of the force perpendicular to the axis is generated to drive the turbine to rotate. As shown in Figure 1, if the angle between the water flow direction and the impeller surface is A, and the flow force is F (water), then it can be deduced according to the parallelogram law of force, and the vertical positive pressure acting on the impeller surface is F (pressure) = F (water)*sinA, then the effective force that pushes the water turbine to rotate and is perpendicular to the axis is F(existence)=F(water)*sinA*cosA. The maximum value of sinA*cosA is 0.5, so F (existence) will not exceed 1/2 of F (water), and the hydraulic power does not fully exert its effectiveness; however, although the working principle of the bucket impact turbine is different from that of the counterattack type, it is The high-speed water flow impacts the water bucket to do work, but in the process of doing work, the water splashes and loses, and this part of the water still has a large kinetic energy, and even reacts and impacts other water buckets during the splashing process, which greatly affects the efficiency of the turbine.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a movable blade water turbine with high efficiency, simple structure and low manufacturing cost, so as to fill the gap in the selection of low-head water turbines, and is suitable for various hydropower application environments. The site in Dashuitou also has the advantages of high efficiency and low investment.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a moving blade water turbine, which includes a pump casing, and the pump casing includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a first transition connection plate, a second transition connection plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate, Wherein at least part of the upper end cap is arc-shaped, at least part of the lower end cap is also arc-shaped, and the radius of the arc-shaped upper end cap is smaller than the radius of the arc-shaped lower end cap, and the radius of the arc-shaped upper end cap The two ends of the part and the two ends of the arc-shaped lower end cover part are respectively connected together through the first transition connection plate and the second transition connection plate; a water inlet or a water outlet is provided on the first transition connection plate, A water outlet or a water inlet is provided on the second transition connecting plate, the front side plate is respectively connected with the upper end cover, the lower end cover, the first transition connecting plate, and the second transition connecting plate, and the rear side plate is respectively It is connected with the upper end cover, the lower end cover, the first transition connecting plate and the second transition connecting plate; A rotor is provided in the formed internal space; a rotating shaft is arranged in the rotor, and the rotating shaft forms an eccentric structure in the pump casing, the rotating shaft is close to the upper end cover, and the rotating shaft is connected to the front side plate and the front side plate and The rear side plates are connected; several blades are movably connected on the surface of the rotor, and all the blades are distributed along the circumference of the rotor, and a water inlet is provided on the transition connecting plate corresponding to the opening direction of the blades. The transitional connecting plate refers to the first transitional connecting plate or the second transitional connecting plate, and the vane can rotate locally with its movable connection end as the center of the circle, and the vane can rotate freely until it is separated from the rotor surface. The end of the vane can slide against the inner wall of the pump casing.

Preferably, the rotating shaft, the arc-shaped upper end cover part and the arc-shaped lower end cover part are concentric circles.

Preferably, the upper end cover, lower end cover, front side plate and rear side plate on the outside of the first transition connection plate can form a water inlet channel or a water outlet channel, and the water outlet channel on the outside of the second transition connection plate The upper end cover, the lower end cover, the front side panel and the rear side panel can form a water outlet channel or a water inlet channel.

Preferably, the rotor adopts a sawtoothed cylinder, and several sawtooth grooves are formed on the outer surface of the rotor. All the sawtooth grooves are distributed along the circumference of the rotor, and vanes are movably connected in the sawtooth grooves. The plate can locally rotate freely with its flexible connection end as the center of the circle.

Preferably, the blades are arc-shaped.

Preferably, a roller is provided at the end of the vane, and the roller can reduce the frictional resistance between the end of the vane and the pump casing.

Preferably, grooves are correspondingly provided on the rotor at each saw-toothed groove, and a spring is arranged in the groove, and the spring is also connected to the vane.

Preferably, the movable connection end of the leaf plate is installed through a pin shaft, the pin shaft is parallel to the rotating shaft, and the leaf plate can partially rotate freely around the pin shaft.

The beneficial effect of this scheme of the present invention is that the advantage of above-mentioned movable blade water turbine is as follows:

1. The setting method of the water turbine blades is essentially different from the existing various types of water turbines, and can fully absorb all the kinetic energy of the water.

2. The rotatable blade plate and the eccentric structure of the rotating shaft can improve the operation efficiency of the water turbine.

3. All the water flow passes through the lower part of the water turbine, and the greater potential energy of the water can be fully utilized in a low water head environment.

4. Simple manufacture, less steel consumption, no deep excavation required for civil construction, and low investment.

5. The movable blade water turbine involved in the present invention is a high-efficiency water turbine, which can solve the technical problem of low efficiency of tidal power generation and river hydropower turbines under the current low water head and high flow conditions, and more importantly, it can solve the problem The resulting large investment, low rate of return, and difficulty in capital recovery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the working principle of an impact water turbine in the prior art.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the moving blade water turbine involved in the present invention.

Reference signs: 1-upper end cover, 2-lower end cover, 3-first transition connecting plate, 4-second transition connecting plate, 5-water inlet channel, 6-water outlet channel, 7-rotating shaft, 8-rotor, 9 -serrated groove, 10-blade, 11-roller, 12-groove, 13-spring.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 2, the moving blade water turbine involved in the present invention includes a pump casing, that is, a stator, and the pump casing includes an upper end cover 1, a lower end cover 2, a first transition connecting plate 3, a second transition connecting plate 4, a front Side panels and rear side panels, wherein at least part of the upper end cover 1 is arc-shaped, at least part of the lower end cover 2 is also arc-shaped, and the radius of the arc-shaped upper end cover 1 is smaller than that of the arc-shaped lower end cover 2 The radius of the part, the arc-shaped upper end cap 1 part and the arc-shaped lower end cap 2 part are concentric circles, the two ends of the arc-shaped upper end cap 1 part and the arc-shaped lower end cap 2 part The two ends are respectively connected together through the first transition connecting plate 3 and the second transition connecting plate 4; a water inlet or a water outlet is provided on the first transition connecting plate 3, and a There is a water outlet or a water inlet. In this embodiment, a water inlet is provided on the second transition connecting plate 4; the front side plate is respectively connected to the upper end cover 1, the lower end cover 2, the first transition connecting plate 3, The second transition connection plate 4 is connected, and the rear side plate is connected with the upper end cover 1, the lower end cover 2, the first transition connection plate 3, and the second transition connection plate 4; outside the first transition connection plate 3 The upper end cover 1, lower end cover 2, front side plate and rear side plate can form a water inlet channel 5 or a water outlet channel 6, and the upper end cover 1, lower end cover 2, The front side panel and the rear side panel can form a water outlet channel 6 or a water inlet channel 5. In this embodiment, the upper end cover 1, the lower end cover 2, the front side panel and the rear side panel on the outside of the second transition connection plate 4 The side plate forms the water inlet channel 5 .

A rotor 8 is provided in the internal space formed by the upper end cover 1, the lower end cover 2, the first transition connection plate 3, the second transition connection plate 4, the front side plate and the rear side plate; There is a rotating shaft 7, the rotating shaft 7, the arc-shaped upper end cover 1 and the arc-shaped lower end cover 2 are concentric circles, the rotating shaft 7 forms an eccentric structure in the pump casing, and the rotating shaft 7 is close to the In the above-mentioned upper end cover 1, the rotating shaft 7 is connected to the front side plate and the rear side plate through bearings, and the rotating shaft 7 is used to connect an external generator.

A plurality of vanes 10 are movably connected to the surface of the rotor 8, and all the vanes 10 are distributed along the circumference of the rotor 8, and a water inlet is provided on the transition connecting plate corresponding to the opening direction of the vanes 10, and the transition The connection plate refers to the first transition connection plate 3 or the second transition connection plate 4. The blade plate 10 can rotate freely locally with its movable connection end as the center of the circle. When disengaged, the end of the vane 10 can slide against the inner wall of the pump casing.

In this embodiment, the rotor 8 adopts a sawtoothed cylinder, and several sawtooth grooves 9 are formed on the outer surface of the rotor 8. All the sawtooth grooves 9 are distributed along the circumference of the rotor 8. In the sawtooth grooves 9 A leaf plate 10 is movably connected, and the leaf plate 10 is arc-shaped. In this embodiment, the movable connection end of the leaf plate 10 is installed at the sawtooth groove 9 through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft and the rotating shaft 7 In parallel, the blade 10 can partially rotate freely around the pin shaft, that is to say, the blade 10 can locally rotate freely with its movable connection end as the center of a circle. A roller 11 may also be provided at the end of the vane 10, and the roller 11 can reduce the frictional resistance between the end of the vane 10 and the pump casing.

In order to make each vane 10 rotate to a relevant position with the rotor 8, the vane 10 can be quickly detached from the surface of the rotor 8, and a groove 12 is correspondingly provided on the rotor 8 at each sawtooth groove 9, The groove 12 is provided with a spring 13, and the spring 13 is also connected to the blade 10. When the spring 13 is in a natural state, the blade 10 is in a state of breaking away from the surface of the rotor 8, and the The spring 13 also acts as a buffer.

During specific use, on the water inlet side, driven by the water flow, the rotor 8 rotates in a clockwise direction, and due to the joint action of centrifugal force, gravity and elastic force, the blades 10 are detached from the surface of the rotor 8, and the blades The end of 10 slides close to the surface of the inner wall of the pump casing and reaches the maximum state, and the water flow releases the maximum kinetic energy to push the water turbine to rotate.

On the water outlet side, when the vane 10 rotates upwards, under the pressure of the inner wall of the pump casing, the vane 10 rotates and gradually shrinks into the sawtooth groove 9, close to the surface of the rotor 8, and discharge the water. The blade plate 10 is finally pasted in the zigzag groove 9 on the surface of the rotor 8, ready to enter the next work process. Due to the effect of the eccentric structure, the vanes 10 are alternately detached and close to the surface of the rotor 8, and the water flow generates a driving force on the opened vanes 10, thereby performing work.

The moving blade water turbine involved in the present invention adopts a horizontal horizontal arrangement, so that the water flow can only pass through the bottom of the water turbine, and only pushes the blades entering the middle and lower part of the water turbine. At the same time, the horizontal horizontal arrangement can maximize the flow rate of the equipment , improve stand-alone capacity, economical and simple.

The advantages of the moving blade water turbine involved in the present invention are as follows:

1. The setting method of the water turbine blades is essentially different from the existing various types of water turbines, and can fully absorb all the kinetic energy of the water.

2. The rotatable blade plate and the eccentric structure of the rotating shaft can improve the operation efficiency of the water turbine.

3. All the water flow passes through the lower part of the water turbine, and the greater potential energy of the water can be fully utilized in a low water head environment.

4. Simple manufacture, less steel consumption, no deep excavation required for civil construction, and low investment.

5. The movable blade water turbine involved in the present invention is a high-efficiency water turbine, which can solve the technical problem of low efficiency of tidal power generation and river hydropower turbines under the current low water head and high flow conditions, and more importantly, it can solve the problem The resulting large investment, low rate of return, and difficulty in capital recovery.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of movable vane hydraulic turbine, it is characterised in that: including pump case, the pump case includes upper end cover, lower cover, First Transition company Fishplate bar, the second transition connecting plate, front side board and back side panel, wherein at least part upper end cover are in arc-shaped, at least partly lower end Lid is also in arc-shaped, and is less than the radius of the lower end cover in arc-shaped in the radius of the upper end cover of arc-shaped, is in The both ends of the both ends of the upper end cover of arc-shaped and the lower end cover in arc-shaped are respectively through First Transition connecting plate and the Two transition connecting plates link together；Water inlet or water outlet are equipped on the First Transition connecting plate, in second mistake Connecting plate is crossed equipped with water outlet or water inlet, the front side board respectively with upper end cover, lower cover, First Transition connecting plate, the Two transition connecting plates are connected, and the back side panel is connect with upper end cover, lower cover, First Transition connecting plate, the second transition respectively Plate is connected；In the upper end cover, lower cover, First Transition connecting plate, the second transition connecting plate, front side board and back side panel institute Rotor is equipped in the inner space of formation；It is equipped with shaft in the rotor, the shaft forms eccentric structure in pump case, institute Shaft is stated close to the upper end cover, the shaft is connected through bearing with the front side board and back side panel；In the rotor table Face is connected with several impeller, and all impeller are along the circumferentially distributed of rotor, mistake corresponding with the impeller opening direction Connecting plate is crossed equipped with water inlet, the transition connecting plate refers to First Transition connecting plate or the second transition connecting plate, the leaf Plate can be flexibly connected using it end be the center of circle carry out it is local being freely rotated, the impeller can be freely rotated to from rotor surface It is detached from, the end of the impeller, which can be attached on pump housing endophragm, to be slided.

2. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the shaft, the upper end cover in arc-shaped It and in the lower end cover of arc-shaped is concentric circles.

3. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: on the outside of the First Transition connecting plate The upper end cover, lower cover, front side board and back side panel can form intake tunnel or exhalant canal, connect in second transition The upper end cover, lower cover, front side board and back side panel on the outside of plate can form exhalant canal or intake tunnel.

4. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rotor, which uses, has jagged cylinder Body forms several sawtooth ditches in the outer surface of the rotor, and all sawtooth ditches are living in sawtooth ditch along the circumferentially distributed of rotor Dynamic to be connected with impeller, the impeller can be flexibly connected end using it and carry out being freely rotated for part as the center of circle.

5. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: the impeller is in arcuation.

6. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be additionally provided with idler wheel in the end of the impeller, institute Stating idler wheel can be reduced the resistance of impeller end and pump case friction.

7. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: corresponding on the rotor at each sawtooth ditch to set It is fluted, spring is equipped in the groove, the spring is also connected with the impeller.

8. the movable vane hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: the flexible connection end of the impeller is through pin shaft It is installed, the pin shaft is parallel with the shaft, and the impeller can carry out being freely rotated for part around pin shaft.