CN110447771A - A kind of ox fattening feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cattle fattening feed, which relates to the technical field of animal feed. The cattle fattening feed of the invention is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials: corn stalks, soybean meal, sweet potato vines, wheat bran, shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, Pine branch, mugwort leaf, black bean, divine comedy, guanzhong, hawthorn, broad bean, yam, aloe vera, Atractylodes macrocephala, burdock seed, ageratum, magnolia officinalis, perilla, salt, yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria powder. By adopting the feed described in the invention as the feed for cattle during the fattening period, the slaughter rate of the obtained cattle can reach 59.2%, the meat production rate can reach 68.44%, and the net meat rate can reach 42.18%. The color of the beef is milky white, the fat deposits in the muscle are evenly and finely distributed, the meat is tender and the smell is pure. The cattle fattening feed is a cattle fattening period feed that takes into account both the fattening effect and the taste of beef.

Description

Feed for fattening cattle and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a cattle fattening feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Yellow cattle are a common breed of cattle inherent in China. Yellow cattle have the most coats, so the breed may get its name, but there are also reddish brown and black. The head is slightly thick and heavy, with different horn shapes and round roots. The physique is stout, the structure is compact, the muscles are developed, the limbs are strong, and the hooves are solid. The number of its breeding heads in China ranks first among large livestock or cattle, and its breeding areas are almost all over the country. It is mainly used for labor in agricultural areas, and it is also used for milk in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, and in pastoral areas for both milk and meat.

The meat production of cattle is closely related to the income of farmers, and the feed during the fattening period has a significant impact on the growth of cattle and the quality and taste of cattle. As the market pays more and more attention to meat safety, cattle feed must not only meet the nutritional needs, but also ensure the hygiene and safety of the feed and reduce the use of chemical substances. The current feed for cattle during the fattening period is mainly grain, straw, etc., combined with various nutrients. However, the existing cattle fattening feed mainly focuses on the growth of cattle body weight, and does not significantly improve the taste of beef. Therefore, the field lacks a cattle fattening feed that improves the taste of beef.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defect that the existing cattle fattening feed does not improve the taste of beef, the present invention provides a cattle fattening feed which has a good effect on the weight gain of cattle during the fattening period and can improve the taste of beef.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a cattle fattening feed, which is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of corn stalks, 20-35 parts of soybean meal, 50-80 parts of sweet potato vines, 20-60 parts of wheat bran, shrimp and crab scraps 30-50 parts of protein hydrolyzate, 10-15 parts of pine branches, 5-10 parts of mugwort leaves, 6-8 parts of black beans, 5-10 parts of Divine Comedy, 3-8 parts of Guanzhong, 10-15 parts of hawthorn, 6-20 parts of broad beans 5-20 parts of Chinese yam, 3-8 parts of aloe vera, 10-15 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10-20 parts of burdock seed, 3-8 parts of Huoxiang, 5-15 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 2-5 parts of perilla, 30 parts of salt ～40 parts, yeast powder 10～15 parts and lactic acid bacteria powder 10～15 parts.

Preferably, it is obtained by fermenting raw materials including the following parts by weight: 50-70 parts of corn stalks, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 60-70 parts of sweet potato vines, 30-50 parts of wheat bran, 35-45 parts of shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate 12-14 parts of pine branches, 6-8 parts of mugwort leaves, 6-8 parts of black beans, 6-8 parts of Divine Comedy, 5-7 parts of Guanzhong, 12-14 parts of hawthorn, 10-15 parts of broad beans, 10-15 parts of yam , 4-6 parts of aloe vera, 12-14 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 12-18 parts of burdock seed, 4-6 parts of Huoxiang, 8-12 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 3-4 parts of perilla, 35-38 parts of salt, 12 parts of yeast powder ~14 parts and 12~14 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder.

Preferably, the effective viable count of the yeast powder is 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g, and the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria powder is 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g.

Preferably, the protein hydrolyzate of shrimp and crab leftovers is an enzymatic hydrolysis product of neutral protease and alkaline protease combined enzymolysis of shrimp and crab leftovers.

Preferably, the temperature of the compound enzymatic hydrolysis is 55-60°C.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing cattle fattening feed described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

(1) Mix corn stalks, soybean meal, sweet potato vines, wheat bran, pine branches, yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add water until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, perform the first fermentation for 18-36 hours, and obtain the first fermented product;

(2) Mix the first fermented product with shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, mugwort leaf, black bean, divine comedy, guanzhong, hawthorn, broad bean, yam, aloe vera, Atractylodes macrocephala, burdock seed, Huoxiang, magnolia bark, perilla, and salt , and carry out the second fermentation for 24-48 hours to obtain the cattle fattening feed.

Preferably, the temperature of the first fermentation in step (1) is 35-45°C.

Preferably, the first fermentation in step (1) is composting fermentation, and the compost is turned every 4-6 hours.

Preferably, the temperature of the second fermentation in step (2) is 30-40°C.

Preferably, the second fermentation in step (2) is composting fermentation, and the compost is turned every 4-6 hours.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

The invention provides a cattle fattening feed, which is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of corn stalks, 20-35 parts of soybean meal, 50-80 parts of sweet potato vines, 20-60 parts of wheat bran, shrimp and crab scraps 30-50 parts of protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, 10-15 parts of pine branches, 5-10 parts of mugwort leaves, 6-8 parts of black beans, 5-10 parts of Divine Comedy, 3-8 parts of Guanzhong, 10-15 parts of hawthorn, 6-20 parts of broad beans 5-20 parts of Chinese yam, 3-8 parts of aloe vera, 10-15 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10-20 parts of burdock seed, 3-8 parts of Huoxiang, 5-15 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 2-5 parts of perilla, 30 parts of salt ～40 parts, yeast powder 10～15 parts and lactic acid bacteria powder 10～15 parts. By adopting the feed described in the invention as the feed for cattle during the fattening period, the slaughter rate of the obtained cattle can reach 59.2%, the meat production rate can reach 68.44%, and the net meat rate can reach 42.18%. The color of the beef is milky white, the fat deposits in the muscle are evenly and finely distributed, the meat is tender and the smell is pure. It is a feed for cattle during the fattening period that takes into account both the fattening effect and the taste of beef.

The cattle fattening feed of the present invention ferments all raw materials including grain, straw, etc., so that nutrients are more easily absorbed and utilized, and the absorption and utilization rate of the feed is increased.

In the cattle fattening feed of the present invention, Chinese medicine ingredients such as mugwort leaf, divine music, Guanzhong, hawthorn, 5-20 parts of Chinese yam, aloe vera, Atractylodes macrocephala, burdock seed, Huoxiang, Magnolia officinalis and perilla are used for compatibility. As a feed during the fattening period, it can effectively improve the taste of beef.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a cattle fattening feed, which is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of corn stalks, 20-35 parts of soybean meal, 50-80 parts of sweet potato vines, and 20-60 parts of wheat bran , 30-50 parts of protein enzymatic hydrolyzate of shrimp and crab leftovers, 10-15 parts of pine branches, 5-10 parts of mugwort leaves, 6-8 parts of black beans, 5-10 parts of Divine Comedy, 3-8 parts of Guanzhong, 10-15 parts of hawthorn, 6-20 parts of broad beans, 5-20 parts of yam, 3-8 parts of aloe vera, 10-15 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10-20 parts of burdock, 3-8 parts of Huoxiang, 5-15 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 2-5 parts of perilla 30-40 parts of salt, 10-15 parts of yeast powder and 10-15 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder.

Preferably in the present invention, the cattle fattening feed is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of corn stalks, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 60-70 parts of sweet potato vines, 30-50 parts of wheat bran, shrimp and crab scraps 35-45 parts of protein hydrolyzate, 12-14 parts of pine branches, 6-8 parts of mugwort leaves, 6-8 parts of black beans, 6-8 parts of Divine Comedy, 5-7 parts of Guanzhong, 12-14 parts of hawthorn, 10-15 parts of broad beans 10-15 parts of yam, 4-6 parts of aloe vera, 12-14 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 12-18 parts of burdock seed, 4-6 parts of Huoxiang, 8-12 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 3-4 parts of perilla, 35 parts of salt ～38 parts, 12～14 parts of yeast powder and 12～14 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder.

In the present invention, the effective viable count of the yeast powder is preferably 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g, more preferably 3×10 ⁶ to 8×10 ⁶ cfu/g. In the present invention, the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria powder is preferably 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g, more preferably 3×10 ⁶ to 8×10 ⁶ cfu/g. The present invention selects yeast and lactic acid bacteria to carry out mixed fermentation on the above raw materials, which can effectively improve the feed absorption rate.

In the present invention, the protein hydrolyzate of shrimp and crab leftovers is an enzymatic hydrolysis product of neutral protease and alkaline protease combined enzymolysis of shrimp and crab leftovers. Preferably in the present invention, the temperature of the complex enzymatic hydrolysis is 55-60°C. The invention adopts the enzymatic hydrolyzate of shrimp and crab leftover protein as a raw material in order to increase the amino acid content in the fattening feed.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing cattle fattening feed described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

(1) Mix corn stalks, soybean meal, sweet potato vines, wheat bran, pine branches, yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add water until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, perform the first fermentation for 18-36 hours, and obtain the first fermented product;

In the present invention, the first fermentation time is preferably 20-30 hours, more preferably 24 hours. In the present invention, the temperature of the first fermentation is preferably 35-45°C, more preferably 38-40°C. In the present invention, the first fermentation is preferably composting fermentation, and the compost is turned every 4-6 hours.

(2) Mix the first fermented product with shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, mugwort leaf, black bean, divine comedy, guanzhong, hawthorn, broad bean, yam, aloe vera, Atractylodes macrocephala, burdock seed, Huoxiang, magnolia bark, perilla, and salt , and carry out the second fermentation for 24-48 hours to obtain the cattle fattening feed.

In the present invention, the time for the second fermentation is preferably 30-40 hours, more preferably 36 hours. In the present invention, the temperature of the second fermentation is preferably 30-40°C, more preferably 35°C. In the present invention, the second fermentation is preferably composting fermentation, and the compost is turned every 4-6 hours.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

(1) Mix 40 parts of corn stalks, 20 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of sweet potato vines, 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of pine branches, 10 parts of yeast powder and 10 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, and add water until the water content of the mixture is 65%. The first fermentation is carried out at ℃ for 36 hours, the first fermentation is compost fermentation, and the pile is turned every 4 hours to obtain the first fermented product; among them, the number of viable bacteria in yeast powder is 1×10 ⁶ cfu/g, and the viable bacteria in lactic acid bacteria powder The number is 1×10 ⁶ cfu/g:

(2) Combine the first fermented product with 30 parts of shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, 5 parts of mugwort leaves, 6 parts of black beans, 5 parts of Divine Comedy, 3 parts of Guanzhong, 10 parts of hawthorn, 6 parts of broad beans, 5 parts of yam, and 3 parts of aloe vera. 10 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10 parts of burdock, 3 parts of Huoxiang, 5 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 2 parts of perilla, and 30 parts of salt, and the second fermentation was carried out at 35°C for 48 hours. The second fermentation was compost fermentation. Turn the pile once every 4 hours to obtain the cattle fattening feed.

Example 2

(1) Mix 80 parts of corn stalks, 35 parts of soybean meal, 80 parts of sweet potato vines, 60 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of pine branches, 15 parts of yeast powder and 15 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, and add water until the water content of the mixture is 70%. The first fermentation is carried out at ℃ for 36 hours, the first fermentation is compost fermentation, and the pile is turned every 6 hours to obtain the first fermented product; among them, the number of viable bacteria in yeast powder is 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g, and the viable bacteria in lactic acid bacteria powder The number is 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g;

(2) Combine the first fermented product with 50 parts of shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, 10 parts of mugwort leaves, 8 parts of black beans, 10 parts of Divine Comedy, 8 parts of Guanzhong, 15 parts of hawthorn, 20 parts of broad beans, 20 parts of yam, and 8 parts of aloe vera. 15 parts of Atractylodes Rhizoma Atractylodes Rhizome, 20 parts of Burdock Seed, 8 parts of Huoxiang, 15 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 5 parts of perilla, and 40 parts of salt. The second fermentation is carried out at 40°C for 24 hours. The second fermentation is compost fermentation, every 6 hours Turn the pile once to get the cattle fattening feed.

Example 3

(1) Mix 60 parts of corn stalks, 28 parts of soybean meal, 65 parts of sweet potato vines, 40 parts of wheat bran, 13 parts of pine branches, 13 parts of yeast powder and 14 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder, add water until the water content of the mixture is 65%. The first fermentation is carried out at ℃ for 24 hours, the first fermentation is compost fermentation, and the pile is turned every 5 hours to obtain the first fermented product; among them, the number of viable bacteria in yeast powder is 4×10 ⁶ cfu/g, and the viable bacteria in lactic acid bacteria powder The number is 4×10 ⁶ cfu/g;

(2) Mix the first fermented product with 40 parts of shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, 8 parts of mugwort leaves, 7 parts of black beans, 8 parts of Divine Comedy, 6 parts of Guanzhong, 12 parts of hawthorn, 12 parts of broad beans, 13 parts of yam, and 5 parts of aloe vera. 14 parts of Atractylodes Rhizoma Atractylodes Rhizome, 15 parts of Burdock Seed, 5 parts of Huoxiang, 10 parts of Magnolia Bark, 4 parts of Perilla, and 35 parts of salt. The second fermentation is carried out at 35°C for 36 hours. The second fermentation is compost fermentation, every 5 hours Turn the pile once to get the cattle fattening feed.

Example 4

The yellow cattle of the Yunnan yellow cattle breed were selected, and when the yellow cattle entered the fattening period, the yellow cattle were fed with the yellow cattle fattening feed prepared in Example 3. The feed should be fed according to the food intake of the cattle, so as to avoid the deterioration of the feed caused by excessive feeding, which will affect the feed intake of the cattle.

The fattening method mainly adopts the method of house feeding. If there is a pasture around the farm, a combination of grazing and house feeding can be used for fattening. The consistent linear fattening method is adopted to limit the cattle near the cattle trough, reduce the amount of exercise, and achieve a better fattening effect. After continuous fattening for 3 months, the fattening was stopped and slaughtered for sale.

After testing, the average daily gain during the fattening period is 1.38kg/d, the slaughter rate of cattle can reach 59.2%, the meat production rate can reach 68.44%, and the net meat rate can reach 42.18%. The color of the beef is milky white, the fat deposits in the muscle are evenly and finely distributed, the meat is tender and the smell is pure.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cattle fattening feed, characterized in that it is obtained by fermenting raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 40-80 parts of corn stalks, 20-35 parts of soybean meal, 50-80 parts of sweet potato vines, 20-60 parts of wheat bran, shrimp 30-50 parts of protein enzymatic hydrolyzate of crab leftovers, 10-15 parts of pine branches, 5-10 parts of mugwort leaves, 6-8 parts of black beans, 5-10 parts of Divine Comedy, 3-8 parts of Guanzhong, 10-15 parts of hawthorn, 6 parts of broad beans ～20 parts, 5～20 parts of yam, 3～8 parts of aloe vera, 10～15 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10～20 parts of burdock seed, 3～8 parts of Huoxiang, 5～15 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 2～5 parts of perilla, 30-40 parts of salt, 10-15 parts of yeast powder and 10-15 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder. 2. The cattle fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it is obtained by fermentation of raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 50-70 parts of corn stalks, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 60-70 parts of sweet potato vines, 30 parts of wheat bran ～50 parts, 35～45 parts of protein enzymatic hydrolyzate of shrimp and crab leftovers, 12～14 parts of pine branches, 6～8 parts of mugwort leaves, 6～8 parts of black beans, 6～8 parts of Divine Comedy, 5～7 parts of Guanzhong, 12～ 14 parts, 10-15 parts of broad beans, 10-15 parts of yam, 4-6 parts of aloe vera, 12-14 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 12-18 parts of burdock, 4-6 parts of Huoxiang, 8-12 parts of magnolia bark, perilla 3-4 parts, 35-38 parts of salt, 12-14 parts of yeast powder and 12-14 parts of lactic acid bacteria powder. 3. The cattle fattening feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the effective viable count of the yeast powder is 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g, and the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria powder is The number is 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ⁷ cfu/g. 4. The cattle fattening feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the protein enzymatic hydrolyzate of shrimp and crab leftovers is an enzymatic hydrolysis product of neutral protease and alkaline protease compound enzymolysis of shrimp and crab leftovers. 5. The cattle fattening feed according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature of the compound enzymolysis is 55-60°C. 6. The method for preparing cattle fattening feed described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Mix corn stalks, soybean meal, sweet potato vines, wheat bran, pine branches, yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add water until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, perform the first fermentation for 18-36 hours, and obtain the first fermented product; (2) Mix the first fermented product with shrimp and crab leftover protein enzymatic hydrolyzate, mugwort leaf, black bean, divine comedy, guanzhong, hawthorn, broad bean, yam, aloe vera, Atractylodes macrocephala, burdock seed, Huoxiang, magnolia bark, perilla, and salt , and carry out the second fermentation for 24-48 hours to obtain the cattle fattening feed. 7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of the first fermentation in step (1) is 35-45°C. 8. The preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the first fermentation in step (1) is composting fermentation, and the compost is turned every 4-6 hours. 9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of the second fermentation in step (2) is 30-40°C. 10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the second fermentation in step (2) is composting fermentation, and the compost is turned every 4-6 hours.