CN1103774C - 治疗淀粉样变性的亚氨基-氮杂-蒽环酮衍生物 - Google Patents
治疗淀粉样变性的亚氨基-氮杂-蒽环酮衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1103774C CN1103774C CN98802091A CN98802091A CN1103774C CN 1103774 C CN1103774 C CN 1103774C CN 98802091 A CN98802091 A CN 98802091A CN 98802091 A CN98802091 A CN 98802091A CN 1103774 C CN1103774 C CN 1103774C
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Abstract
用于治疗淀粉样变性的式(1)化合物及其可药用盐,其中R1和R2独立地选自氢和有机基团,R3是式OR6或NR7R8基团。
Description
本发明涉及亚氨基-氮杂-蒽环酮衍生物,它们在治疗淀粉样变性方面的用途,它们的制备方法,以及含有它们的药物组合物。
淀粉样变性、细胞死亡和组织功能丧失之间的相互关系显示出与包括一些神经变性疾病的不同类型疾病的关联性。因此,防止淀粉样蛋白的形成和/或诱使淀粉样蛋白降解是所有淀粉样变性相关疾病-包括外周淀粉样变性和阿尔茨海默类型的神经变性疾病-的重要治疗策略。
本发明提供了亚氨基-氮杂-蒽环酮(anthracyclinone)及其治疗淀粉样变性的用途。这类新型分子是从名为氮杂蒽酮(anthrazalone)的母化合物衍生来的,氮杂蒽酮的特征在于存在的蒽醌体系与桥杂环稠合,其结构如下图所示:
氮杂蒽酮
氮杂蒽酮可以被认为是与8-氮杂-蒽环酮有关的并可以被称为氮杂蒽环酮(anthrazalinone)的新型分子中的一员。
本发明提供的化合物的特征在于在桥杂环上有亚氨基官能团存在。
氢,
羟基,
C1-16烷基,
C1-16烷氧基,
C3-8环烷氧基,
卤素,
未被取代或被下列基团一-或二-取代的氨基:酰基,三氟酰基,芳烷基,芳基,
OSO2(R4),其中R4是烷基或芳基;-R2选自
氢,
RB-CH2-,其中RB代表芳基,杂环基或式RC-CH=CH-基团,其中RC是氢,C1-16烷基,C2-8链烯基或C3-8环烷基,
C1-16烷基,
C3-8环烷氧基,
芳基-C1-16烷基,
芳氧基-C1-16烷基,
式-C(R5)=O的酰基,其中R5选自氢,C1-16烷基,C2-16链烯基,C3-8环烷基,芳基,杂环基,
氨基酸的酰基残基;-R3选自
式OR6基团,其中R6选自氢,C1-16烷基,C2-16链烯基,C3-8环烷基,芳基-C1-6烷基,芳基,
式NR7R8基团,其中R7和R8可以相同或不同,代表氢,C1-16烷基,芳烷基,C2-16链烯基,C3-8环烷基,杂环基,式-C(R5)=O的酰基,其中R5定义如上,或者R7和R8与它们相连的N原子一起代表杂环基,条件是,当R1是甲氧基而R3是羟基时,R2不能是4-吡啶甲基。
优选的式1化合物是这样的化合物,其中-R1选自氢,羟基,甲氧基;-R2选自氢,甲基,烯丙基,苄基,3-溴苄基,4-三氟甲基苄基,4-甲氧基苄基,(4-苄氧基)苄基,3,4-二甲氧基苄基,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基,吡啶甲基,甘氨酰基,丙氨酰基,半胱氨酰基(cisteyl),烟酰基;-R3选自羟基,甲氧基,乙氧基,苄氧基,吡啶甲氧基,甲基氨基,二甲基氨基,苄基氨基,4-吗啉基,4-甲基哌嗪基。
“烷基”基团或部分一般指C1-C16烷基基团或部分。C1-C16烷基基团或部分包括直链或支链烷基基团或部分。优选的C1-C16烷基基团或部分是C1-C12烷基基团或部分,如庚基,辛基,壬基,癸基,十一烷基或十二烷基,或者是它们的支链异构体。优选的C1-C12烷基基团或部分是C1-C6烷基基团或部分,如甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,叔丁基,异丁基,戊基,己基或异己基,或者是它们的支链异构体。
上面讨论的烷基基团或部分可以被一个或多个下列取代基取代:环烷基,杂环基,卤素,CF3,羟基,烷氧基,芳氧基,氨基,一-或二-烷基氨基,羧基,烷氧羰基。
这里所用术语“链烯基”包括直链和支链的至多16个碳原子的基团,如壬烯基,癸烯基和十二烯基。优选有至多8个碳原子的烯基,如烯丙基,丁烯基,己烯基和辛烯基。
这里所用术语“环烷基”指有3-8个碳原子,优选有3-5个碳原子的环烷基,如环丙基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基和环辛基。
“芳基”基团或部分包括在环上一般含有6-10个碳原子的单环和双环芳香基团或部分,如苯基或萘基,优选被一个或多个取代基取代,优选被一、二或三个取代基取代,取代基选自C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,三氟甲基,卤素,羟基或芳氧基。
这里所用术语“杂环基”指至少含有一个O、S或N杂原子的3-,4-,5-或6-元饱和或不饱和杂环,它们可以任选与第二个5-或6-元饱和或不饱和杂环基或者环烷基或芳基稠合。
杂环基的实例有:吡咯基,吡唑基,咪唑基,三唑基,四唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,噻二唑基,噻吩基,呋喃基,吡喃基,吡啶基,二氢吡啶基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,吡嗪基,嘧啶基,哒嗪基,吡咯烷基,吗啉基,苯并咪唑基,苯并噻唑基和苯并噁唑基。
这里所用术语“卤素”指氟,氯,溴或碘。
这里所用术语“芳烷基”指上述烷基被所说芳基取代,如苄基,苯乙基,二苯甲基和三苯甲基。
这里所用术语“烷氧基”、“芳氧基”或“环烷氧基”包括与氧原子连接的上述烷基、芳烷基或环烷基。
这里所用术语“芳氧基烷基”指通过氧原子将任何上述烷基与上述芳基相连的基团,如苯氧乙基或苯氧丙基。
这里所用术语“氨基酸”指天然存在的氨基酸,如甘氨酸,丙氨酸,半胱氨酸,苯丙氨酸,酪氨酸等。
酰基一般指C1-C10酰基,例如C1-C6酰基,如甲酰基,乙酰基,丙酰基,丁酰基,叔丁酰基,仲丁酰基或己酰基。
本发明还包括式(1)化合物所有可能的异构体和它们的混合物,如非对映体混合物和外消旋混合物。因此,在7位和9位的立体中心可以是R-或S-构型(或两者,即以立体异构体混合物形式并存)。类似地,肟和腙可以顺-或反-异构体形式,或者顺-和反-异构体的混合物形式存在。
本发明还提供了式1化合物的盐,特别是有羧基或碱性基团(例如,氨基)的化合物的盐。
这些盐一般是生理上可承受的盐或可药用盐,例如,碱金属和碱土金属盐(例如,钠、钾、锂、钙和镁盐),铵盐,与适当有机胺或氨基酸(例如,精氨酸,普鲁卡因)形成的盐,以及与适当有机或无机酸如盐酸、硫酸、一元-和二元羧酸、以及磺酸(例如,乙酸,三氟乙酸,酒石酸,甲磺酸,对甲苯磺酸)形成的酸加成盐。
其中R1,R2和R3定义如上的式1化合物可按如下步骤制备:(a)式2化合物其中,R1和R2定义如上,与式R3-NH2化合物反应,其中,R3定义如上,(b)如果需要,通过适当的化学反应将所得式1化合物转变成不同的式1化合物,和/或(c)将式1化合物转变成其可药用盐。
式2化合物一般是与式R3-NH2或式R3-NH2·HA化合物反应,其中R3定义如上,HA代表无机酸,一般是盐酸或硫酸,反应在有机溶剂中进行,溶剂通常选自甲醇,乙醇,二噁烷或甲苯。式R3-NH2或式R3-NH2·HA化合物一般以2-5倍过量的用量存在。当使用式R3-NH2·HA化合物时,反应在等摩尔的有机或无机碱存在下进行。碱一般选自乙酸钠和碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾。反应一般在室温至约100℃进行1-24小时。溶剂一般用乙醇,反应典型地在80℃进行2-4小时。
式R3-NH2或式R3-NH2·HA化合物通常可以在市场上买到,或者用类似文献(例如,参见Houben-Weyl的《有机化学方法(Methoden derOrganischen Chemie)》,第E16a卷,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart1990)报道的已知方法制备。
按照文献(例如,参见《美国化学会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.)》,71,3021(1949)或Farmaco,Ed,Sci.,45,1013(1990))所述的已知方法,R1和R2定义如上而R3是OR6(其中R6是氢)的式1化合物可以被转化成R1和R2定义如上而R3是OR6(其中R6不代表氢或芳基)的式1化合物。
按照已知的酰化方法,可以将R1和R2定义如上而R3是OR6(其中R6不代表氢)的式1化合物可转变成R1定义如上,R2是式C(R5)=O(其中R5定义如上),及R3是OR6(其中R6不代表氢)的式1化合物。这种转化反应优选在缩合剂如二异丙基碳化二亚胺,二环己基碳化二亚胺或2-乙氧基-1-乙氧羰基-1,2-二氢醌(EEDQ)存在下,将R1定义如上,R2是氢,及R3是OR6(其中R6不代表氢)的式1化合物与式R5-COOH酸反应。优选的反应条件包括使用无水溶剂,如二氯甲烷或二甲基甲酰胺,在室温下反应4-24小时。
可以通过将R1,R2和R3定义如上的式1化合物溶解于适当有机溶剂如二氯甲烷,甲醇,乙醇或二噁烷,并添加可药用的有机或无机酸的甲醇、乙醇或二噁烷溶液,将游离碱形式的式1化合物转化成其可药用盐。通过蒸发或浓缩溶液,或者通过添加乙醚使盐从盐溶液中沉淀出来,从而得到式1的盐。
如果需要,可以在上述过程的任何阶段用常规方法分离所得到的所有可能的非对映体混合物和外消旋混合物。肟和腙可以顺和反异构体的混合物或单个异构体形式得到;可用已知方法如层析法将混合物分离成单个的顺式异构体和反式异构体。
R1定义如上且R2代表定义如上的RBCH2的式2化合物可以通过式3化合物其中,R1定义如上,W代表离去基团,与式RBCH2-NH2胺反应来制备,其中RB定义如上。
合适的W基团包括O-糖类如O-六碳氨糖基(daunosaminyl)衍生物,O-酰基如O-三氟乙酰基或O-(对硝基苯甲酰基)或O-乙氧羰基,及O-缩醛如O-四氢吡喃基(O-THP)。优选的式RBCH2-NH2胺包括烯丙胺和烷基芳基胺,例如,苄胺,3,4-二甲氧基苄胺或吡啶甲胺。
式3化合物一般要与1-10倍过量的上述式RBCH2-NH2胺反应。反应可以在适当有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或吡啶中进行。可以存在有机碱如吡啶。一般在-10℃至室温反应6-48小时。
优选使用4倍过量的式RBCH2-NH2胺。溶剂最优选吡啶。优选的反应条件是在室温反应12-24小时。
例如,利用2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯并醌(DDQ)解封R1定义如上且R2是3,4-二甲氧基苄基的式2化合物,可以制备R1定义如上且R2代表氢的式2化合物。优选的反应条件包括使用二氯甲烷和水混合物中的等当量DDQ(二氯甲烷∶水比例一般为20∶1(v/v))。反应一般在室温下进行1-6小时。
采用标准烷基化方法用R1定义如上且R2代表氢的式2化合物可以制备R1定义如上且R2代表C1-16烷基、C3-8环烷基、所说芳烷基或所说芳氧基烷基的式2化合物。
例如,式2化合物8-N-烷基-,-链烯基-,-环烷基-,-芳烷基-或-芳氧基烷基-氮杂蒽环酮优选通过R1定义如上且R2代表氢的式2化合物与R2-X反应来制备,其中R2是C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、所说芳烷基或所说芳氧基烷基,X是离去基团如卤素、O-SO2-CF3、O-SO2-CH3或O-SO2-C6H4-CH3。优选的X是卤素,更优选碘或溴。一般,反应在适当的有机或无机碱存在下进行。优选的反应条件包括使用2-10倍过量的R2-X,在有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或二甲基甲酰胺中,在三乙胺、乙基二异丙胺或碳酸氢钠存在下,在40-80℃反应4-24小时。
R1定义如上且R2是式如-C(R5)=O(其中R5定义如上)的酰基的式2化合物优选通过R2是氢的式2化合物与式R5-CO-Hal或(R5-CO)2O(其中R5定义如上,Hal为卤素,优选氯)的酰基衍生物反应制成。优选的反应条件包括使用2-10倍过量的酰基衍生物,在有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或二甲基甲酰胺中,于-10到40℃下1-24小时。
再例如,R1定义如上且R2是式如-C(R5)=O(其中R5定义如上)的酰基或是氨基酸的酰基残基的式2化合物可以通过R2是氢的式2氮杂蒽环酮与式R5-COOH的酸衍生物或者与适当保护的氨基酸,在缩合剂如二环己基碳化二亚胺或2-乙氧基-1-乙氧羰基-1,2-二氢醌(EEDQ)存在下,在无水有机溶剂中反应制成。优选的反应条件包括使用1-4倍过量的酸或保护的氨基酸,在无水有机溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺中进行。一般要用等当量的EEDQ,在室温下进行15小时。
式3化合物可以从天然原料中得到,或者根据已知合成方法由已知的蒽环型药(anthracyline)或蒽环酮制成。
例如,其中糖是六碳氨糖的7-O-糖类可以从天然原料衍生,如道诺红菌素,或者对天然原料进行合成修饰来制备。
其他在C-7位功能化的配基可以用已知方法制备。
例如,式3的7-O-THP衍生物(W=O-THP)可以通过式4配基与3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃,在有机溶剂中在酸催化剂存在下反应1-4小时来制备。优选的反应条件包括将式4配基溶解于二氯甲烷,然后将其与4当量3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃,在催化量的樟脑磺酸或对甲苯磺酸存在下,在室温下反应4小时。通过用碳酸氢钠水溶液和水洗涤反应混合物,然后减压除去溶剂来回收7-O-THP衍生物。
式3的7-O-酰基衍生物可以通过式4配基与适当的羧酸、酸酐或酰氯,在有机溶剂中,在碱存在下,在-10℃至室温下反应1-6小时制成。
例如,式3的7-O-乙酰基衍生物(W=O-COCH3)可以通过式4配基与乙酸酐,在有机溶剂如二氯甲烷中,在有机碱如吡啶存在下反应制成。将粗产物从非极性溶剂如己烷中沉淀来回收化合物。
制备式2化合物的一些原料是已知的,另一些可以用已知方法从已知的蒽环型药或蒽环酮制成。
例如,下列蒽环型药是已知的,并且可以用同样的式3表示:道诺红菌素(3a∶R1=OCH3,W=O-六碳氨糖基),4-脱甲氧基道诺红菌素(3b∶R1=H,W=O-六碳氨糖基),4-氨基道诺红菌素(3c∶R1=NH2,W=O-六碳氨糖基)。还有一些式37-O-衍生物是已知的,例如,7-O-乙氧羰基道诺霉素酮(daunomycinone)(3d∶R1=OCH3,W=O-COOC2H5),7-O-THP-道诺霉素酮(3e∶R1=OCH3,W=O-THP),7-O-乙酰基道诺霉素酮(3f∶R1=OCH3,W=O-COCH3)。
本发明化合物的特征在于它对成淀粉样蛋白形成的淀粉样蛋白沉积有很高的抑制活性,并且能够使已经存在的淀粉样蛋白沉积降解。
术语“淀粉样变性”指一类疾病,其共同特征是一些特定的蛋白质在细胞外空间以不溶性纤丝聚集体的方式聚集和沉淀的趋势。聚集的蛋白质会引起器官和组织结构上和功能上损伤。淀粉样蛋白和淀粉样变性的分类最近已经在世界卫生组织的公告(1993,71(1),105)上修订。
尽管它们含有许多种不同类型的蛋白质亚基,但所有不同类型的淀粉质共享反平行β折叠层中共同的超结构组织[参见G.G.Glenner在《新英格兰医学杂志(New England J.Med.)》,302,1283(1980)上发表的文章]。AL淀粉样变性是由形成淀粉样纤丝的特殊单克隆免疫球蛋白轻链引起的。这些单克隆轻链是由具有低有丝分裂指数的单克隆浆细胞产生的,该指数低是众所周知的它们对化学疗法不敏感的原因。这些细胞的恶性病变在于它们的蛋白合成活性。
这种疾病的临床过程取决于所器官累计的选择性;在心脏浸润情况下的预后是极为不利的(平均存活<12个月),而肾累计的情况下预后较为乐观(平均存活约为5年)。
能够阻断或减缓淀粉样蛋白形成和提高淀粉样沉积的溶解的分子似乎是对患有AL淀粉样变性的患者仅有的合理希望。而且,由于淀粉样纤丝的超分子组织对所有类型淀粉样蛋白都相同,所以,提供干扰淀粉样蛋白形成并提高已有淀粉样沉积(允许通过正常机理清除)的溶解的药物可能会对所有类型的淀粉样变性极为有利,包括中枢神经系统的淀粉样变性,如阿尔茨海默病和其他疾病。
的确,阿尔茨海默病(AD)、唐氏综合征、拳击手痴呆和脑淀粉样血管病的主要病理学特征之一是一种39-43氨基酸肽的沉积,称作淀粉样β-肽(Aβ),为不可溶物质,这种抗蛋白酶的淀粉样蛋白沉积在脑实质和血管壁中。这个标识与大脑皮质、缘区和皮质下核中的神经元细胞损失有关。几项研究表明,各种神经元系统的选择性损伤和额皮质中的突触损失与认知衰退有关。虽然对AD的神经变性过程的发病机理和分子学基础的了解还不透彻,但是,在脑中以淀粉样形式沉积的Aβ肽的沉淀可能在发病时起中心作用。事实上,Aβ肽对不同的细胞系统,包括初次培养的神经元的体外神经毒性作用已经有许多研究者进行了论述(Yankner等人,《科学(Science)》,245,417(1989);Roher等人,《生物化学和生物物理通讯(Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.)》,174,572(1991);Koh等人,《脑研究(Brain Res.)》,533,315(1990);Copani等人,《神经报告(NeuroReport)》,2,763(1991);Mattson等人,《神经科学杂志(J.Neurosci.)》,12,376(1992);Mattson等人,《脑研究(BrainRes.)》,621,35(1993);Pike等人,《神经科学杂志(J.Neurosci.)》,13,1676(1993))。
另外,熟悉的AD与淀粉样前体蛋白质(APP)基因上突变的的分离说明AD中β-淀粉样沉积的潜在致病功能(M.Mullan等人,TINS,16,392(1993))。的确,Aβ肽的可溶形式是体内和体外正常细胞代谢的结果(Haass等人,《自然(Nature)》,359,322(1993))。
Aβ肽的神经毒性与它们的成纤丝性质相关。对合成肽的研究表明海马神经元对暴露于新鲜的Aβ1-40或Aβ1-42溶液24小时不敏感,而当它们暴露于事先贮存在37℃盐水溶液中2-4天以使肽聚集时它们的生存能力会降低(Lorenzo和Yankner,PNAS,91,12243(1994))。
另一方面,非嗜刚果红的“淀粉样前”的形成物(含有非聚集的Aβ肽)与神经元改变无关(Tagliavini等人,《神经科学通讯(Neurosci.Lett.)》,93,191(1988))。
全长Aβ肽的神经毒性和纤丝形成性质已经在跨越Aβ序列的25-35残基的较短片段(Aβ25-35)中发现。海马神经元慢性而非急性暴露于Aβ25-35由于称为凋亡的编程性细胞死亡机理的活化作用会引起神经元死亡(Forloni等人,《神经报告(NeuroReport)》,4,523(1993))。这里要再次指出,神经毒性与Aβ25-35的自聚集性质相关。
其他神经变性疾病如海绵状脑病(SE)的特征是神经元死亡和淀粉样蛋白的细胞外沉积,这种情况起源于朊病毒蛋白(PrP)。与观察β-淀粉样蛋白的神经毒性类似,研究了PrP不同片段的类似合成肽对鼠初级海马神经元的生存能力的作用。对应于PrP片段106-126的肽的慢性施用因编程性细胞死亡引起神经元死亡,而在相同条件下PrP 106-126的拼凑序列没有降低细胞生存能力(Forloni等人,《自然(Nature)》,362,543(1993))。PrP 106-126被证明在体外有很高的纤丝形成性质,而且,如果用刚果红染色,肽聚集将显示出指示淀粉样蛋白β-片层构造特性的绿色双折射。
化合物1抑制淀粉样纤丝形成的能力可经过光散射和硫黄素T测定法进行评价。
光散射测定法实施如下:
根据Forloni等人在《自然(Nature)》,362,543(1993)中所述方法,采用430A Applied Biosystems仪器及固相化学方法合成Aβ25-35(GSNKGAIIGLH)和PrP 106-126(KTNMKHMAGAAAAGAVVGGLG),并通过反相HPLC(Beckman Inst.Mod 243)进行纯化。
肽溶液的光散射用分光荧光仪(Perkin Elmer LS 50B)进行评价,监测600nm处的激发和发射情况。
当Aβ片段25-35和PrP 106-126以0.5-1mg/mL(分别为0.4-0.8mM和0.2-0.4mM)的浓度被溶解于10mM磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH5)时,它们在1小时内自发地聚集。
如果将化合物1以等摩尔浓度加到肽溶液中,观察发现其阻止了这种聚集作用。
硫黄素T测定法测定试验化合物对肽聚集成淀粉样原纤维的抑制能力。淀粉质的形成是通过硫黄素T荧光分析来定量的。硫黄素T专门与淀粉样原纤维结合,这种结合使其吸收谱和发射谱产生漂移:荧光信号的强度直接正比于形成淀粉质的质量。
该测定法实施如下:
以7.07mg/mL浓度将冻干的肽溶解于二甲亚砜(DMSO)制成Aβ25-35肽的储藏液。
将该溶液分成几等份,然后溶解于50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH5),得到肽最终浓度为100μM的溶液。分别加入或不加入30μM试验化合物,都使最终体积达到113μL,然后在25℃培养24小时。将化合物预先以3.39mM浓度溶解于DMSO,然后用水稀释,使培养混合物中的DMSO浓度小于3%(v/v)。
按照Naiki等人,《分析生物化学(Anal Biochem.)》,177,244(1989)和H.LeVine III,《蛋白质科学(Protein Sci.)》,2,404(1993)所述进行荧光测量。简而言之,将培养样品在含有47mM硫黄素T的50mM柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH5)中肽浓度8mg/mL进行稀释,使最终体积为1.5mL。在Kontron荧光分光光度计上测量420nm处的荧光激发谱和490nm处的发射谱,减去47mM ThT的荧光本底后计算测量结果的平均值。
将结果表示为相对荧光值,即相对于仅培养Aβ25-35肽(对照组)的荧光值的百分比。
若将化合物1与肽溶液一起培养,将使硫黄素T的荧光值降至90%,而且发现它们的毒性已经小到可以忽略不计的地步。
本发明公开的化合物的活性还表现为它们干扰单体形式的Aβ1-40肽的种子触发的聚集。根据下述方法对所公开的化合物进行评价。
将Aβ1-40肽以33.33mg/mL浓度溶解于二甲亚砜,制成Aβ1-40肽单体储藏液。用二甲亚砜进一步稀释储藏液1至11.5倍,然后用含有150mM氯化钠的10mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4)稀释该溶液,制成试验溶液。
在盛有47μL Aβ1-40肽单体溶液的Eppendorf管中加入含有预先形成的超声过的66.4μM(基于Aβ1-40肽单体的量)Aβ1-40纤丝的3μL830μM试验化合物的水溶液,所得溶液中含有20μM Aβ1-40肽单体,50μM试验化合物和4μM(基于Aβ1-40肽单体的量)预先形成的超声过的Aβ1-40纤丝。聚集过程在37℃进行2小时。然后将所得悬浮液在4℃以15000rpm速度离心15分钟,收集上清夜,并用HPLC定量分析Aβ1-40肽单体。
一些有代表性的化合物的活性示于表1。该活性表示为抑制由预先形成的超声过的4μM(基于Aβ1-40肽单体的量)Aβ1-40纤丝刺激的20μMAβ1-40单体溶液聚集的百分数。
表1
化合物 %抑制
1a 22.9
1c 36.0
1e 26.2
1p 31.7
1q 24.2
1ac-I 54.2
本发明化合物可以用来制备用于防止、阻止或减缓由不同淀粉样形成性蛋白形成淀粉样沉积或使沉积降解的药物。因此,本发明化合物可以用来预防和治疗各种类型的淀粉样变性疾病。淀粉样变性疾病包括外周淀粉样变性如AL淀粉样变性,及中枢神经系统淀粉样变性如阿尔茨海默病、唐氏综合征、海绵状脑病等。
本发明提供了含有作为活性成分的式1化合物或其可药用盐,如果需要,同时含有可药用载体、赋形剂或其他添加剂的药物组合物。
本发明还提供用于治疗人体或动物的上述式1化合物或其可药用盐。另外,本发明还提供了式1化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于治疗淀粉样变性疾病的药物的用途。
含有式1化合物或其盐的药物组合物可用常规方法使用常用的无毒可药用载体或稀释剂制成多种剂量形式,并以多种方式给药。
式1化合物尤其可用以下方式给药:
A)口服,例如,制成片剂、锭剂、糖锭、水性或油性悬浮液、可分散粉末或颗粒、乳液、硬或软胶囊、糖浆或酏剂。可以根据本领域制备药物组合物的任何已知方法制成口服的组合物,这种组合物可以含有一种或多种添加剂,如甜味剂、调味剂、调色剂和防腐剂,从而得到药学上美观可口的制剂。
片剂中含有与适于制作片剂的无毒可药用赋形剂相混合的活性成分。这些赋形剂可以是,例如,惰性稀释剂如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;粒化剂和崩解剂如玉米淀粉或藻酸;粘结剂如玉米淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;及润滑剂如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石。片剂可以不用包衣,或者采用已知技术进行包衣以延缓崩解和胃肠道吸收,从而获得较长时间的持续作用。例如,可以使用时间延迟材料如甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯。
口服制剂也可以呈硬明胶胶囊形式,其中,活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂如碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土混合,或者呈软明胶胶囊形式,其中,活性成分与水或油性介质如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。水性悬浮液是活性成分与适于制作水性悬浮液的赋形剂的混合物。
这些赋形剂包括,例如,羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,藻酸钠,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,黄蓍胶和阿拉伯胶;分散剂或湿润剂包括天然磷脂如卵磷脂,或氧化烯与脂肪酸的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,或氧化乙烯与长链脂肪醇的缩合产物如十七氧乙烯鲸蜡醇,或氧化乙烯与由脂肪酸和己糖醇衍生的偏酯形成的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇单油酸酯,或氧化乙烯与由脂肪酸和脱水己糖醇衍生的偏酯形成的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。
所说的水性悬浮液中也可以含有一种和多种防腐剂,例如,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯;一种或多种调色剂;一种或多种调味剂;一种或多种甜味剂,如蔗糖或糖精。油性悬浮液可以通过将活性成分悬浮于植物油,例如,花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油,或者矿物油如液体石蜡中制成。油性悬浮液中可以含有增稠剂,如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可以加入上述甜味剂和调味剂以得到口感好的口服制剂。
可以在这些组合物中加入抗氧剂来达到防腐的目的。适于通过加水制成水性悬浮液的可分散粉末或颗粒是将活性成分与分散剂或湿润剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合制成。合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂在上文中已经例举,其他赋形剂,如甜味剂、调味剂和调色剂也可以使用。
本发明药物组合物还可以是水包油乳液形式。油相可以是植物油,例如,橄榄油或花生油,或矿物油如液体石蜡,或者是它们的混合物。
合适的乳化剂可以是天然树胶,如阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶;天然磷脂,如大豆、卵磷脂;以及从脂肪酸和脱水己糖醇衍生的酯或偏酯,如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,及所说偏酯与氧化乙烯形成的缩合产物,如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。乳液也可以含有甜味剂和调味剂。糖浆和酏剂可以用甜味剂如甘油、山梨糖醇或蔗糖配制。这种制剂中可以含有缓和剂、防腐剂、调味剂和调色剂。B)用无菌可注射水或油悬浮液进行胃肠外给药,包括皮下、静脉内、肌肉内或胸骨内注射,也包括滴注给药。药物组合物可以是无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液形式。
这种悬浮液可以根据本领域已知技术用上述适宜的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂制成。无菌注射剂可以是在无毒的胃肠外可以接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液或悬浮液,例如1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可用的适宜载体和溶剂包括水、林格溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌不挥发油也常被用作溶剂或悬浮介质。
为此目的,任何温和的不挥发油都常常被使用,包括合成的甘油单酯或二酯。另外,脂肪酸如油酸也被用于制备注射剂。
本发明还提供了治疗患有或易于患有淀粉样变性病的人或动物如哺乳动物的方法,该方法包括给他们使用无毒的治疗有效量的式1化合物或其可药用盐。
典型的日剂量约为0.1-50mg/kg体重,这取决于具体所用化合物的活性,治疗对象的年龄、体重和身体条件,疾病的类型和严重程度,以及给药频率和途径;日剂量范围优选为5mg-2g。可以与载体材料混合制成单剂的活性成分的用量将根据治疗对象和具体的给药方式而变化。例如,用于口服给药的制剂中可以含有5mg-2g活性成分和适当的方便量的载体材料,后者一般约占整个组合物重量5-95%。单位剂量形式一般含有约5-500mg活性成分。
下列实施例将说明本发明而不限制本发明。实施例1 8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮肟(1a) 步骤1
将道诺红菌素(3a,1.58g,3mmol)溶解于无水吡啶(20mL),加入3,4-二甲氧基苄胺(2g,12mmol),并保持在室温下16小时。在反应混合物中加入1N HCl(400mL)水溶液,并用二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取。有机相用水洗涤(2×200mL),用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩至小体积。经硅胶快速层析分离,甲苯/丙酮(体积比9∶1)混合物洗脱,得到1g 8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2a)(R1=OCH3,R2=3,4-二甲氧基苄基)。在Kieselgel板F254(Merck)上进行TLC,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比95∶5)展开,Rf=0.56。FAB-MS(+):m/z 530[MH]+;380[M-CH2(C6H3)(OCH3)2+2H]+; 1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.43(s,3H,
CH 3);2.34(d,J=17.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.66,2.77(两个双重峰,J=19.4Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.81(dd,J=7.3,17.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.24,3.79(两个双重峰,J=12.8Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Ph);3.85,3.86(2xs,6H,2xO
CH 3);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.77(d,J=7.3Hz,1H,
H-7);6.6-6.8(m,3H,芳香氢);7.38(d,J=7.6Hz,1H,
H-3);7.77(dd,J=7.6,7.8Hz,1H,
H-2);8.03(d,J=7.8Hz,1H,
H-1);13.22(s,1H,
OH-11);13.50(s,1H,
OH-6).步骤2
将8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2a)(1g,1.89mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用羟胺盐酸盐(0.2g,2.83mmol)和乙酸钠(0.38g,2.83mmol)处理,并回流3小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩溶液至小体积。加入乙醚,然后收集沉淀的肟(1a):0.55g(产率54%)。FAB-Ms:m/z 545[M+H]+;151[C9H11O2]+ 1HNMR(200 MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.55(s,3H,
CH 3);2.68(d,J=16.9Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.77,2.87(两个双重峰,J=19.3Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.81(dd,J=5.7,16.9Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.15,3.78(两个双重峰,J=12.7Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Ar);3.83,3.85两个单峰,6H,两个OC
H 3);4.07(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.60(d,J=5.7Hz,1H,
H-7);6.6-6.8(m,3H,芳香氢);7.04(s,1H,C=NO
H);7.37(dd,J=1.1,8.6Hz,1H,
H-3);7.76(dd,J=7.7,8.6Hz,1H,
H-2);8.02(dd,J=1.1,7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.26,13.51(两个单峰,2H,苯酚的
OH)实施例2 8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮肟(1b) 步骤1
按照实施例1所述制备化合物2a的方法将道诺红菌素(3a,1.58g,3mmol)与烯丙胺(0.9g,12mmol)反应。粗产物用硅胶快速层析纯化,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比98∶2)混合物洗脱,得到0.85g 8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮(2b)(R1=OCH3,R2=烯丙基)。在Kieselgel板F254(Merck)上进行TLC,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比95∶5)展开,Rf=0.1。1HNMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.37(s,3H,
CH 3);2.41(d,J=17.6Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.64(m,2H,
CH 2-10);2.88(dd,J=7.2,17.6Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);2.8-3.4(m,2H,
CH 2CH=CH2);4.04(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);5.0-5.2(m,2H,CH2CH=
CH 2);5.90(m,1H,CH2 CH=CH2);7.37(d,J=8.4Hz,1H,
H-3);7.75(dd,J=7.6,8.4Hz,1H,
H-2);8.00(d,J=7.6Hz,1H,
H-1);13.0,13.5(2xs,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).步骤2
将8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮(2b)(1.5g,3.58mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用羟胺盐酸盐(0.41g,5.8mmol)和乙酸钠(0.47g,5.8mmol)处理,并回流3小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩溶液至小体积。加入己烷,然后收集沉淀的肟(1b):1.2g(产率77%)。FAB-MS:m/z 435[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ1.48(s,3H,
CH 3);2.6-3.0(m,5H,
CH 2-12+
CH 2-10+C
H(H)N);3.30(m,1H,CH(
H)N);4.06(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.83(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,
H-7);5.02(d,J=17.1Hz,1H,CH=
CH(H-反式));5.09(d,J=10.1Hz,1H,CH=CH(
H-顺式));5.90(m,1H,NCH2 CH=CH2);7.08(s,1H,C=N-O
H);7.35(d,J=8.4Hz,1H,
H-3);7.74(dd,J=7.7,8.4Hz,1H,
H-2);7.99(d,J=7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.20,13.55(两个单峰,2H,苯酚的OH).实施例3 8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1c)
将按实施例2所述方法制备的8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮(2b)(0.5g,1.19mmol)的15mL乙醇溶液用O-甲基羟胺盐酸盐(0.2g,2.38mmol)和乙酸钠(0.2g,2.38mmol)处理,并回流4小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。反应混合物用硅胶快速层析纯化,用环己烷/乙酸乙酯(体积比80∶20)混合物洗脱,得到0.15g(产率28%)化合物1c。在Kieselgel板F254(Merck)上进行TLC,用环己烷/乙酸乙酯(体积比50∶50)展开,Rf=0.37。ESI-MS:m/z 449[M+H]+;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.50(s,3H,
CH 3);2.64(d,J=17.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.72,2.82(两个双重峰,J=19.2Hz 2H,
CH 2-10);2.84(dd,J=6.8,17.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);2.55,3.30(两个多重峰,2H,N-
CH 2CH=CH2);3.79(s,3H,N-O
CH 3);4.07(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.80(d,J=6.8Hz,1H,
H-7);5.05(m,2H,CH2CH=
CH 2);5.89(m,1H,CH2 CH=CH2);7.36(dd,J=0.8,8.5Hz,1H,
H-3);7.75(dd,J=7.7,8.5Hz,1H,
H-2);8.01(dd,J=0.8,7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.23,13.56(两个s,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).
依照上面实施例所述方法制备下列化合物。实施例48-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1d)(R1=OCH3,R2=烯丙基,R3=OCH2Ph);实施例5 8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1e)
将用实施例1方法制备的8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2a)(1g,1.88mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-甲基羟胺盐酸盐(0.62g,7.42mmol)和乙酸钠(1.01g,7.42mmol)处理,并回流24小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥并蒸发。剩余物用乙醚研制然后过滤,得到0.69g(产率65%)化合物1e。在化合物1e的二氯甲烷溶液中加入氢氯酸甲醇溶液并用乙醚沉淀盐酸盐,将之转化成盐酸盐。ESI-MS:m/z 559[M+H]+;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,T=55℃)δ:1.52(s,3H,
CH 3);2.2-3.8(m,6H,
CH 2-12+
CH 2-10+N
CH 2-Ar);3.65,3.70,3.71(三个单峰,9H,三个O
CH 3),3.95(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.47(s,1H,
H-7);6.7-6.9(m,3H,C5 H 3-(OCH3)2);7.60(m,1H,
H-3);7.88(m,1H,
H-1+
H-2);13.00,13.41(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例6 8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1f)
将用实施例1方法制备的8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2a)(0.5g,0.94mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-苄基羟胺盐酸盐(0.30g,1.88mmol)和乙酸钠(0.26g,1.88mmol)处理,并回流12小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥并蒸发。反应混合物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比95∶5)混合物洗脱,得到0.30g(产率50%)化合物1f。ESI-MS:m/z 635[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.54(s,3H,
CH 3);2.64(d,J=17.6Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.76,2.88(两个双重峰,J=19.3Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.82(dd,J=5.9,17.6Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.16,3.77(两个双重峰,J=12.7Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Ar);3.84,3.86(两个单峰,6H,两个O
CH 3);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.57(d,J=5.9Hz,1H,
H-7);5.03(m,2H,O
CH 2Ph);6.74(m,3H,C6 H 3-(OCH3)2);7.26(m,5H,Ph);7.36(m,1H,
H-3);7.78(dd,J=9.0Hz,1H,
H-2);8.04(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,H-1);13.29,13.50(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例78-N-苄基氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1g),(R1=OCH3,R2=苄基,R3=OCH3);实施例88-N-苄基氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1h),(R1=OCH3,R2=苄基,R3=OCH2Ph);实施例98-N-(4-三氟甲基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1i),(R1=OCH3,R2=4-三氟甲基苄基,R3=OCH3);实施例108-N-(4-三氟甲基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1l),(R1=OCH3,R2=4-三氟甲基苄基,R3=OCH2Ph);实施例118-N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)氮杂蒽酮肟(1m),(R1=OCH3,R2=3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基,R3=OH);实施例128-N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1n),(R1=OCH3,R2=3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基,R3=OCH3);实施例138-N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1o),(R1=OCH3,R2=3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基,R3=OCH2Ph);实施例14 8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1p) 步骤1
将道诺红菌素(3a,1.58g,3mmol)溶解于无水吡啶(20mL),加入4-氨基甲基吡啶(1.2g,12mmol),并保持在室温16小时。在反应混合物中加入1N HCl(400mL)水溶液,并用二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取。有机相用水洗涤(2×200mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩至小体积。经硅胶快速层析分离,用甲苯/丙酮(体积比9∶1)混合物洗脱,得到0.95g(产率67%)8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮(2c)(R1=OCH3,R2=4-吡啶基甲基)。FAB-MS(+):m/z 471[MH]+;380[M-CH2(C5H4N)+2H]+; 1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.39(s,3H,
CH 3);2.50(d,J=17.9Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.78(s,2H,
CH 2-10);2.96(dd,J=7.3,17.9Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.70,4.07两个双重峰,J=16.7Hz,2H,N+-
CH 2-Py);4.07(s,3H,O
CH 3);4.76(d,J=7.3Hz,1H,
H-7);7.40(d,J=7.3Hz,1H,
H-3);7.79(dd,J=7.3Hz,1H,
H-2);7.89(d,J=60Hz,2H,C6H5N);8.02(d,J=7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);8.70(d,J=6.0Hz,2H,C6H5N);13.14(s,1H,OH-11);13.45(s,1H,
OH-6)步骤2
将8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮(2c)(0.5g,1.06mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-甲基羟胺盐酸盐(0.18g,2.15mmol)和乙酸钠(0.29g,2.15mmol)处理,并回流12小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩溶液至小体积。剩余物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比80∶20)混合物洗脱,得到0.18g(产率34%)化合物1p。ESI-MS:m/z 500[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.41(s,3H,
CH 3);2.48(d,J=19.0Hz,1H,
CH(H)-10);2.54(d,J=17.1Hz,1H,C
H(H)-12);2.90(m,2H,CH(
H)-12+CH(
H)-10);3.51,4.08(两个双重峰,J=17.5Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Py);3.72(s,3H,N-O
CH 3);3.94(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.48(d,J=6.3Hz,1H,
H-7);7.60(m,2H,C5H5N);7.84(m,2H,
H-1+
H-2););8.67(m,2H,C5H5N);13.03,13.48(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例15 8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1q)
将8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮(2c)(0.5g,1.06mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-苄基羟胺盐酸盐(0.4g,2.51mmol)和乙酸钠(0.34g,2.51mmol)处理,并回流6小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩溶液至小体积。剩余物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比80∶20)混合物洗脱,得到0.19g(产率31%)化合物1q。ESI-MS:m/z 576 M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.40(s,3H,
CH 3);2.47(d,J=17.0Hz,1H,C
H(H)-12);2.50,2.89(两个双重峰,J=18.8Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.85(dd,J=6.8,17.0Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.20,3.90(两个双重峰,J=15.0Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Py);3.93(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.39(d,J=6.8Hz,1H,
H-7);4.96(s,2H,O
CH 2Ph)7.23(m,7H,Ph+C5H5N);7.60(m,1H,
H-3);7.87(m,2H,
H-1+
H-2);8.43(dd,J=1.7,4.3Hz,2H,C5H5N);13.00,13.40(宽信号,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例168-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮N,N-二甲基腙(1r),(R1=OCH3,R2=烯丙基,R3=N(CH3)2);实施例178-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮,4-甲基哌嗪基腙(1s),(R1=OCH3,R2=4-吡啶基甲基,R3=4-甲基-哌嗪基);实施例188-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮,4-吗啉基腙(1t),(R1=OCH3,R2=4-吡啶基甲基,R3=4-吗啉基);实施例194-脱甲氧基-8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1u),(R1=H,R2=4-吡啶基甲基,R3=OCH3);实施例208-N-(3-溴苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1v),(R1=OCH3,R2=3-溴苄基,R3=OCH3);实施例21 8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮O-乙基肟(1w)
将用实施例2方法制备的8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮(2b)(0.6g,1.43mmol)的15mL乙醇溶液用O-乙基羟胺盐酸盐(0.27g,2.77mmol)和乙酸钠(0.36g,2.77mmol)处理,并回流4小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩溶液至小体积。反应混合物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用环己烷/乙酸乙酯(体积比90∶10)混合物洗脱,得到0.43g(产率65%)化合物1w。ESI-MS:m/z 463[M+H]+;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.18(t,J=7.0Hz,3H,OCH2 CH 3);1.50(s,3H,
CH 3);2.64(d,J=16.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.70,2.80(两个双重峰,J=18.0Hz2H,
CH 2-10);2.75,3.30(两个多重峰,2H,N-
CH 2CH=CH2);2.84(dd,J=6.4,16.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);4.04(m,2H,N-O
CH 2CH3);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.82(d,J=6.8Hz,1H,
H-7);5.10(m,2H,CH2CH=
CH 2);5.90(m,1H,CH2 OH=CH2);7.37(dd,J=1.1,8.6Hz,1H,
H-3);7.75(dd,J=7.9,8.6Hz,1H,
H-2);8.02(dd,J=1.1,7.9Hz,1H,
H-1);13.24,13.56(两个单峰,2H,OH-6+
OH-11).实施例22 8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮N-甲基腙(1y)
将用实施例2方法制备的8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮(2b)(0.5g,1.19mmol)的15mL乙醇溶液用N-甲基肼(0.45g,9.52mmol)处理,并回流24小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩溶液至小体积。反应混合物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用二氯甲烷/甲醇(体积比95∶5)混合物洗脱,得到0.31g(产率58%)化合物1y。ESI-MS:m/z 448[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.45(s,3H,
CH 3);2.35(d,J=16.2Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.68(dd,J=6.4,16.2Hz 1H,CH(
H)-12);2.72(m,2H,C
H 2-10);2.70,3.30(两个多重峰,2H,N-
CH 2CH=CH2);2.88(s,3H,NH
CH 3);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.88(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,
H-7);5.10(m,2H,CH2CH=
CH 2);5.90(m,1H,CH2 CH=CH2);7.36(dd,J=0.9,8.5Hz,1H,H-3);7.75(dd,J=7.7,8.5Hz,1H,
H-2);8.01(dd,J=0.9,7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.21,13.59(两个s,2H,
CH-6+
CH-11).实施例23 8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮O-乙基肟(1x)
将8-N-(4-吡定基甲基)氮杂蒽酮(2c)(0.5g,1.06mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-乙基羟胺盐酸盐(0.4g,4.1mmol)和乙酸钠(0.56g,4.1mmol)处理,并回流16小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥并蒸发。剩余物用乙醇和乙醚混合物研制,过滤,并用相同的混合物洗涤,得到0.5g(产率92%)标题化合物1x。ESI-MS:m/z 514[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.12(t,J=7.0Hz,3H,
CH 3CH2O);11(s,3H,
CH 3);2.55,2.98(两个双重峰,J=19.0Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.55(d,J=17.1Hz,1H,C
H(H)-12);2.94(dd,J=6.4,17.1Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.62,4.21(两个双重峰,J=17.3Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Py);3.95(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.00(m,2H,CH3 CH 2O);4.48(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,
H-7);7.63(m,1H,
H-3);7.86(m,4H,
H-1+
H-2+C5H5N);8.78(d,J=6.6Hz,2H,C5H5N);13.04,13.49(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例24 8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮O-(4-吡啶基甲基)肟(1z)
将8-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)氮杂蒽酮(2c)(0.5g,1.06mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-(4-吡啶基甲基)羟胺盐酸盐(0.42g,2.61mmol)和乙酸钠(0.36g,2.61mmol)处理,并回流4小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至小体积。剩余物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用氯仿/甲醇(体积比20∶1)混合物洗脱,得到0.23g(产率38%)化合物1z。用实施例5所述方法将该化合物转化成其盐酸盐。ESI-MS:m/z 577[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.38(s,3H,
CH 2);2.57,3.00(两个双重峰,J=19.0Hz,2H,CH 2-10);2.76(d,J=17.6Hz,1H,C
H(H)-12);3.05(dd,J=6.3,17.6Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.61,4.16(两个双重峰,J=16.6Hz,2H,N-
CH 2-Py);3.96(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.56(d,J=6.3Hz,1H,
H-7)5.24(s,2H,O
CH 2Py);7.60(m,3H,
H-3+C5H5N);7.89(m,4H,
H-1+
H-2+C5H5N);8.67,8.75(两个双重峰,J=6.3Hz,4H,C5H5N);13.05,13.52(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例25 氮杂蒽酮肟(1aa) 步骤1
将8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2a)(1.0g,1.89mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(40mL)和水(2mL)的混合物,并在室温下用2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯并醌(DDQ,0.5g,1.89mmol)处理。4小时后反应混合物先后用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(3×200mL)和水洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到0.61g(产率85%)氮杂蒽酮2d(R1=OCH3,R2=H)。FD-MS:380[MH]+;362[M-NH3]+1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.45(s,3H,
CH 3);2.43(d,J=17.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.76,2.84(两个双重峰,J=19.2Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.86(dd,J=7.3,17.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);4.08(s,3H,O
CH 3);5.14(d,J=7.3Hz,1H,
H-7);7.37(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,
H-3);7.76(dd,J=7.7,8.5Hz,1H,
H-2);8.01(d,J=7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.14(s,1H,
OH-11);l3.60(s,1H,
OH-6).步骤2
将氮杂蒽酮2d(0.5g,1.32mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用羟胺盐酸盐(0.14g,2mmol)和乙酸钠(0.27g,2mmol)处理,并回流3小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩使体积减小。剩余物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用氯仿/甲醇(体积比48∶2)混合物洗脱,得到0.06g(产率12%)化合物1aa,为1∶1 E肟和Z肟的混合物。ESI-MS:m/z 395[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6):1.43,1.59(两个单峰,6H,
CH 3);2.28,2.51(两个双重峰,J=14.7Hz,2H,
CH(H)-12两个肟的);2.60,2.72(两个双重峰.J=18.6Hz,2H,
CH 2-10一个异构体的);2.58,3.13(两个双重峰,J=18.6Hz,2H,
CH 2-10另一个异构体的);2.68,2.90两个双重峰,J=7.6,14.7Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12两个肟的);3.96(s,3H,O
CH 3);4.65,4.68(两个双重峰s,J=7.6Hz,2H,
H-7两个肟的);7.64(m,1H,
H-3);7.85(m,2H,
H-1+
H-2);10.45,10.52(两个单峰,2H,N
OH两个肟的);13.00,13.60宽信号,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例26 氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1ab)
将氮杂蒽酮2d(0.5g,1.32mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-甲基羟胺盐酸盐(0.33g,3.9mmol)和乙酸钠(0.53g,3.9mmol)处理,并回流12小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩使体积减小。剩余物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用二氯甲烷/丙酮(体积比90∶10)混合物洗脱,得到0.12g(产率23%)化合物1ab。ESI-MS:m/z 409[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.71(两个单峰,6H,
CH 3);2.60(d,J=15.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.74,3.32(两个双重峰,J=18.5Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);3.02(dd,J=6.2,15.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.80(s,3H NO
CH 3);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.94(d,J=6.2Hz,1H,
H-7);7.37(dd,J=1.3,8.6Hz1H,
H-3);7.75(dd,J=7.7,8.6Hz,1H,
H-2);8.01(dd,J=1.3,7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.22,13.64(s,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例27 氮杂蒽酮O-乙基肟(1ac)I和II
将氮杂蒽酮2d(0.5g,1.32mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-乙基羟胺盐酸盐(0.51g,5.2mmol)和乙酸钠(0.71g,5.2mmol)处理,并回流24小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩使体积减小。剩余物经硅胶快速层析纯化,用己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇(体积比50∶20∶5)混合物洗脱,得到0.085g(产率15%)小极性异构体化合物1ac-I,m.p.258-261℃(分解)和0.095g(产率17%)大极性异构体化合物1ac-II,m.p.147-149℃。ESI-MS:m/z 423[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ,小极性异构体1.19(t,J=6.8Hz,3H,
CH 3CH2O);1.60(s,3H,
CH 3);2.82(m,2H,C
H 2-12);2.91(m,2H,
CH 2-10);4.05(m,2H,CH3 CH 2O);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.97(m,1H,H-7);7.37(dd,J=1.3,8.6Hz,1H,
H-3);7.76(dd,J=7.7,8.6Hz 1H,
H-2);8.01(dd,J=1.3,7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.19,13.62(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ,大极性异构体1.23(t,J=7.3Hz,3H,
CH 3CH2O);1.72(3H,
CH 3);2.60(d,J=15.8Hz,,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.74,3.34(两个双重峰,J=18.4Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);3.02(dd,J=6.4,15.8Hz,,1H,CH(
H)-12);4.03(m,2H,CH3 CH 2O);4.08(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.95(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,H-7);7.37(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,
H-3);7.76(dd,J=7.7,8.5Hz 1H,H-2);8.01(d,J=7.7Hz,1H,
H-1);13.23,13.65(两个单峰2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例28 氮杂蒽酮O-苄基肟(1ad)
将氮杂蒽酮2d(0.43g,1.13mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用O-苄基羟胺盐酸盐(0.36g,2.26mmol)和乙酸钠(0.31g,2.26mmol)处理,并回流16小时。蒸发掉溶剂。将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷和水。分离出有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥并蒸发。剩余物用乙醚研制,得到0.28g(产率51%)化合物lad。ESI-MS:m/z 485[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.43(s,3H,
CH 3);2.56(α,J=16.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.62,2.76(两个双重峰,J=18.0Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);2.78(dd,J=6.1,16.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.97(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);4.68(d,J=6.1Hz,1H,
H-7);4.97(s,2H,
CH 2Ph);7.25(m,5H,Ph);7.62(m,1H,
H-3);7.87(m,2H,
H-1+
H-2);13.03,13.62(s,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例29 8-N-[2-(4-吡啶基)乙酰基]氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1ae)
在氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟1ab(0.117g,0.29mmol)的5mL无水二氯甲烷溶液中加入2-(4-吡啶基)乙酸(0.05g,0.29mmol),三乙胺(0.04mL,0.29mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.017g,0.145mmol)。将反应混合物冷却到0℃,搅拌的同时加入N,N’-二异丙基碳化二亚胺(0.051mL,0.33mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌5小时,然后倒入pH 3的缓冲液中,并用二氯甲烷萃取两次。有机相用pH 7缓冲液洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压除去溶剂,剩余物用乙醚研制。收集固体,用乙醚洗涤,得到0.08g(产率52%)标题化合物1ae。ESI-MS:m/z 528[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.92(s,3H,
CH 3);2.66(d,J=17.1Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.97(dd,J=6.4,17.1Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);2.67,3.35(两个双重峰,J=18.2Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);3.74(s,3H,NO
CH 3);3.80(s,2H,CO
CH 2Py);3.98(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);5.69(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,
H-7);7.07(d,J=5.9Hz,2H,C5H5N);7.66(m,1H,
H-3);7.87(m,2H,
H-1+
H-2);8.20(d,J=5.9Hz,2H,C5H5N);12.87,13.40(s,2H,
OH-6+OH-11).实施例30 8-N-[2-(4-吡啶基)乙酰基]氮杂蒽酮O-乙基肟(1af)
用实施例28所述方法,从氮杂蒽酮O-乙基肟1ac(0.15g,0.36mmol),2-(4-吡啶基)乙酸(0.06g,0.36mmol),三乙胺(0.05mL,0.36mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.02g,0.178mmol)和N,N’-二异丙基碳化二亚胺(0.063mL,0.41mmol)开始,得到0.11g(产率57%)化合物1af。ESI-MS:m/z 542[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.11(t,J=7.0Hz,3H,
CH 3CH2O);1.93(s,3H,
CH 3);2.68(d,J=16.9Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.71,3.35(两个双重峰s,J=18.2Hz2H,
CH 2-10);2.98(dd,J=6.6,16.9Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.79(s,2H,CO
CH 2Py);3.98(s,3H,4-O
CH 3);3.99(m,2H,CH3 CH 2O);5.68(d,J=6.6Hz,1H,
H-7);7.07(d,J=6.1Hz,2H,C5H5N);7.67(m,1H,
H-3);7.87(m,2H,
H-1+
H-2);8.21(d,J=6.1Hz,2H,C5H5N);3.50(宽信号,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例31 4-脱甲氧基-8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮肟(1ag) 步骤1
用实施例1所述方法将4-脱甲氧基道诺红菌素(3b,1.38g,3mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基苄胺(2g,12mmol)进行反应,得到1g(产率66%)4-脱甲氧基-8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2e)(R1=H,R2=3,4-二甲氧基苄基),m.p.112-115℃。FAB-MS(+):m/z 500[MH]+;350[M-CH2(C6H3)(OCH3)2+2H]+;步骤2
将4-脱甲氧基-8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2e)(0.5g,1mmol)的30mL乙醇溶液用羟胺盐酸盐(0.15g,2.16mmol)和乙酸钠(0.29g,2.16mmol)处理,并回流8小时。滤出沉淀,用乙醇水溶液洗涤,然后用乙醇洗涤,滗析后得到0.4g(产率77%)标题化合物1ag。ESI-MS:m/z 515[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.55(s,3H,
CH 3);2.72(d,J=17.0Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.80,2.92(两个双重峰,J=18.4Hz 2H,
CH 2-10);2.86(m,1H,CH(
H)-12);3.19,3.80(两个双重峰,J=12.7Hz,2H,N
CH 2Ar);3.84,3.86(两个单峰,6H,O
CH 3);4.61(d,J=5.7Hz,1H,
H-7);6.70(m,3H,C6 H 3-(OCH3)2);6.90(s,1H,N
OH);7.85(m,2H,
H-2+
H-3);8.35(m,2H,
H-1+
H-4);13.16,13.30(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例32 4-脱甲氧基-8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟(1ah)
用实施例30所述方法,从4-脱甲氧基-8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮(2e)(0.5g,1mmol),O-甲基羟胺盐酸盐(0.18g,2.15mmol)和乙酸钠(0.29g,2.15mmol)开始,得到0.37g(产率70%)标题化合物1ah。ESI-MS:m/z 529[M+H]+;1HNMR(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.58(s,3H,
CH 3);2.62(d,J=17.5Hz,1H,
CH(H)-12);2.80(dd,J=6.1,17.5Hz,1H,CH(
H)-12);2.80,2.92(两个双重峰,J=18.5Hz,2H,
CH 2-10);3.18,3.80两个双重峰,J=12.7Hz,2H,N
CH 2Ar);3.81,3.84,3.86(三个单峰,9H,O
CH 3);4.58(d,J=6.1Hz,1H,
H-7);6.80(m,3H,C6 H 3-(OCH3)2);7.85(m,2H,H-2+
H-3);8.36(m,2H,
H-1+
H-4);13.15,13.32(两个单峰,2H,
OH-6+
OH-11).实施例33
可用常规方法制成含有下列成分的片剂:
成分 mg/片
化合物1 25.0
乳糖 125.0
玉米淀粉 75.0
滑石 4.0
硬脂酸镁 1.0
总重量 230.0实施例34
可用常规方法制成含有下列成分的囊剂:
成分 mg/胶囊
化合物1 50.0
乳糖 165.0
玉米淀粉 20.0
滑石 5.0
囊剂重量 240.0
Claims (7)
氢,
羟基,
C1-16烷基,
C1-16烷氧基,
C3-8环烷氧基,
卤素,
未被取代或被下列基团一-或二-取代的氨基:酰基,三氟酰基,芳烷基,芳基,OSO2(R4),其中R4是烷基或芳基;-R2选自
氢,
RB-CH2-,其中RB代表芳基,杂环基或式RC-CH=CH-基团,其中RC是氢,C1-16烷基,C2-8链烯基或C3-8环烷基,
C1-16烷基,
C3-8环烷氧基,
芳基-C1-16烷基,
芳氧基-C1-16烷基,
式-C(R5)=O的酰基,其中R5选自氢,C1-16烷基,C2-16链烯基,C3-8环烷基,芳基,杂环基,
氨基酸的酰基残基;-R3选自
式OR6基团,其中R6选自氢,C1-16烷基,C2-16链烯基,C3-8环烷基,芳基-C1-6烷基,芳基,
式NR7R8基团,其中R7和R8可以相同或不同,代表氢,C1-16烷基,芳烷基,C2-16链烯基,C3-8环烷基,杂环基,式-C(R5)=O的酰基,其中R5定义如上,或者R7和R8与它们相连的N原子一起代表杂环基,条件是,当R1是甲氧基而R3是羟基时,R2不能是4-吡啶甲基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中-R1选自氢,羟基,甲氧基;-R2选自氢,甲基,烯丙基,苄基,3-溴苄基,4-三氟甲基苄基,4-甲氧基苄基,(4-苄氧基)苄基,3,4-二甲氧基苄基,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基,吡啶甲基,甘氨酰基,丙氨酰基,半胱氨酰基,烟酰基;-R3选自羟基,甲氧基,乙氧基,苄氧基,吡啶甲氧基,甲基氨基,二甲基氨基,苄基氨基,4-吗啉基,4-甲基哌嗪基。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其选自8-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)氮杂蒽酮肟,8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮肟,8-N-烯丙基氮杂蒽酮O-甲基肟和氮杂蒽酮O-乙基肟,或其可药用盐。
4.制备权利要求1定义的式1化合物的方法,该方法包括(a)式2化合物其甲,R1和R2如权利要求1所定义,与式R3-NH2化合物反应,其中,R3如权利要求1所定义,(b)如果需要,将如此得到的式1化合物转变成其它的式1化合物,和/或(c)如果高要,将式1化合物转变成其可药用盐。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中,在步骤(a)中权利要求4中定义的式2化合物与式R3-NH2·HA化合物在有机溶剂中、在无机碱或有机碱存在下反应,其中HA代表无机酸。
6.一种药物组合物,它含有作为活性成分的权利要求1-3之一定义的式1化合物或其可药用盐及与其混合的可药用载体或稀释剂。
7.权利要求1-3之一定义的式1化合物或其可药用盐在制备用于治疗AL淀粉样变性病、阿尔茨海默病或唐氏综合征的药物中的用途。
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