CN110376648B - Ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rock burst micro-seismic cooperative monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for coordinating microseismic monitoring of ultra-deep shafts with spiral progressive rock bursts. For more than one shaft, use all the shafts for collaborative monitoring; B. Divide monitoring sections for each shaft, and arrange microseismic sensors staggered in the monitoring sections in the vertical direction of each shaft to realize joint monitoring between shafts; C. Each shaft The microseismic sensor arrangement of the monitoring section adopts the spiral progressive type, and the microseismic sensor is installed in the borehole that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall; D. Each monitoring section is equipped with a data acquisition instrument, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding monitoring section . The method of arranging microseismic sensors in a segmented, combined and spiral progressive manner proposed by the present invention enables collaborative monitoring between multiple ultra-deep shafts that are close to each other, does not damage the monitoring effect, improves the stability of the microseismic monitoring system, and reduces engineering monitoring. cost.

Description

A kind of ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microseismic monitoring, and more particularly relates to an ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method, which is suitable for microseismic monitoring of underground mines containing multiple adjacent ultra-deep shafts.

Background technique

In recent years, with the gradual depletion of domestic surface mineral resources, the mining depth of many mines has gradually deepened. Many open-pit mines have been converted from shallow mining to deep recessed mining or underground, and underground mines are extremely deep.

For ultra-deep underground mines, rock bursts have become an important factor affecting deep mining, and at the same time pose a potentially huge threat to the personal safety of workers. The Witwatersrand Gold Mine in South Africa is the deepest mine in the world. Most of its mining areas have a mining depth of more than 2km, and the maximum mining depth is close to 5km. Serious rock bursts have occurred in all mining areas, and mining activities have caused tens of kilometers. The fault was activated and tens of centimeters of slip occurred, resulting in an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.1, which also caused major damage to the surface buildings; a moderate rock burst occurred in the Hongtoushan copper mine in May 1999, causing nearly 100m One-time collapse of the long ramp was scrapped and part of the stope stopped.

Microseismic monitoring technology is widely used in rockburst activities and slope stability analysis, and has been used in mining, water conservancy, petroleum and other fields. With the continuous development and improvement of the hardware and software of the microseismic monitoring system, the technology has become an effective means of monitoring rock mass stress, and has been widely used in deep mines at home and abroad.

The difference between the mine microseismic monitoring and the tunnel microseismic monitoring is that during the construction of the tunnel project, it is only necessary to monitor the vicinity of the excavated face, and the parts that have been excavated and far from the face are generally supported more stably. After the completion of the construction, the tunnel is basically free from external disturbance; and after the completion of the project construction, the mine will often carry out mining operations, and blasting operations at a certain distance from the shaft will cause certain disturbance to the completed shaft and destroy its stability. Therefore, Long-term microseismic monitoring is required. In tunnel microseismic monitoring, the usual microseismic monitoring method is to arrange two rows of sensors 50-100m away from the tunnel face along the tunnel direction, the two rows of sensors are spaced 30-50m apart, and 3-4 microseismic sensors are arranged in each row. Subsurface propulsion continuously recycles mobile microseismic sensors, thereby reducing the cost of microseismic monitoring. In the construction of deep mines, there are often multiple shafts; since the construction of mine shafts requires permanent monitoring, the installed sensors cannot be recovered. There may be hundreds of microseismic sensors used, which will greatly increase the cost and greatly challenge the stability of the microseismic monitoring system.

Therefore, the construction of ultra-deep shafts in mines, especially the construction of multiple ultra-deep shafts, cannot adopt the same method as the microseismic monitoring of tunnels. It is necessary to optimize the arrangement of microseismic sensors to reduce the cost of microseismic monitoring and ensure the quality of microseismic monitoring at the same time. , which is undoubtedly of great benefit to the construction of the mine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-deep shaft helical progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method, which is easy to implement, easy to operate, and can improve the stability of the microseismic monitoring system and reduce engineering costs. Monitoring costs.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:

An ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method, the steps of which are:

A. For ultra-deep shafts, microseismic monitoring should be carried out from the depth of 600 to 800m; for two or more shafts with a horizontal distance of less than 150m, coordinated monitoring of all shafts should be used;

B. Divide monitoring sections for each shaft, and the length of each monitoring section is 200-300m; microseismic sensors are staggered in the monitoring sections in the vertical direction of each shaft to realize joint monitoring between shafts;

C. Install the microseismic sensor in the borehole that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall;

D. Each monitoring section is equipped with a data acquisition instrument, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding monitoring section.

Further, in the step B, when arranging the microseismic sensors in each monitoring section, a helical progressive arrangement is adopted, that is, a microseismic sensor is arranged from the top of the monitoring section, and then rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, Go down a certain distance and install a microseismic sensor.

Preferably, in the step B, 4-8 microseismic sensors may be arranged in each monitoring section, and the microseismic sensors include a one-way microseismic sensor and a three-way microseismic sensor, and the one-way microseismic sensor and the three-way microseismic sensor Can be used together.

Further, in the step C, the depth of the drilled hole is 3 to 5 m; the required aperture of the one-way microseismic sensor is 75 mm, the required aperture of the three-way microseismic sensor is 110 mm, and the required aperture of the microseismic sensor is 110 mm. The installation drilling of the sensor adopts the "two-hole strategy", that is, two holes are drilled in the same position, and the distance between the two holes is less than 1m. One of the holes is used to install the microseismic sensor, and the other is used for backup.

Preferably, in the step D, after the installation of the microseismic sensors in each monitoring section is completed, the data acquisition instruments of this section are connected through cables; all data acquisition instruments are transmitted to the surface through optical cables, and are first connected to the same The switch is connected to the server, and finally connected to the display terminal to complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system.

Assuming that there are 3 shafts with a depth of 1500m, according to the traditional microseismic monitoring arrangement method, a row of microseismic sensors is arranged every 50m, 3 microseismic sensors are arranged in each row, and the arrangement starts from the buried depth of 600m, a total of 162 microseismic sensors, 27 sets of microseismic sensors are required. Data acquisition instrument, multiple servers; and by using the method of the present invention, only 54 microseismic sensors, 9 data acquisition instruments, and 1 server are required under the same conditions as above, and the usage of equipment is reduced by 2/3, and the microseismicity is not damaged at the same time. The monitoring effect greatly reduces the cost.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

Using the most widely used microseismic monitoring technology in rockburst early warning, a new sensor arrangement scheme is proposed to monitor rockburst in ultra-deep shafts of mines. The method of arranging microseismic sensors in a segmented, combined and spiral progressive manner proposed by the present invention enables collaborative monitoring between multiple ultra-deep shafts close to each other, thereby greatly reducing the number of microseismic sensors used, without damaging the monitoring effect, and improving the The stability of the microseismic monitoring system is improved, and the engineering monitoring cost is reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the shaft position relationship of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the microseismic monitoring sensor segmented layout schematic diagram of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the front view of two kinds of microseismic sensor arrangement schemes of the shaft of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the top view of two kinds of microseismic sensor arrangement schemes of the shaft of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a system connection topology diagram of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic coordinated monitoring according to the present invention.

Among them: 1-A shaft; 2-B shaft; 3-C shaft; 4- distance between shafts (D1, D2, D3 are all less than 150m); 5- segment length (unit: m); 6- surface; 7- Surrounding rock; 8-Microseismic sensor (purchased on the market); 9-One-way microseismic sensor (Hubei Haiquan SSS_GU10); 10-Three-way microseismic sensor (Hubei Haiquan SSS_GT10); 11-Data acquisition instrument (Hubei Haiquan SSS_32AU_8) ; 12- Microseismic sensor arrangement number; 13- Microseismic sensor number; 14- Distance ruler (unit: m); 15- Drilling hole; 16- Drilling depth; 17- Switch (Huawei S1700-16G); 18- Server ( DELL-T3620); 19-display terminal; 20-cable; 21-optical cable.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention proposes a microseismic coordinated monitoring method for ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst. For several shafts with relatively short horizontal distances, the arrangement scheme of the microseismic sensor 8 can be optimized to make each shaft Therefore, the number of microseismic sensors 8 is reduced, the effect of microseismic monitoring is not damaged, and the purpose of saving monitoring costs and improving the stability of the microseismic monitoring system is achieved.

More specifically, for two or more shafts with a horizontal distance of less than 150m, a coordinated monitoring method for multiple shafts can be adopted.

Due to the low in-situ stress and the low risk of rockburst in the shallow shaft section, the microseismic monitoring can be started from a certain depth from the surface, generally starting from 600 to 800 m deep.

Considering that the effective monitoring range of a single microseismic sensor 8 can reach 200-300 m, each shaft can be divided into several monitoring sections, and the microseismic sensors 8 are staggered and arranged in the monitoring sections in the vertical direction through multiple shafts, so as to realize the joint operation between the shafts. monitor.

When arranging the microseismic sensors 8 in each monitoring section, a spiral progressive arrangement is adopted, that is, a microseismic sensor 8 is arranged from the top of the monitoring section, and then every 90 degrees counterclockwise is rotated, and at the same time, a certain distance is advanced downward, and one microseismic sensor is installed. Sensor 8; 4-8 microseismic sensors 8 can be arranged in each monitoring section.

The microseismic sensor 8 needs to be installed in the borehole 15 that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall, and the borehole depth 16 is 3-5m; the required aperture of the one-way microseismic sensor 9 is 75mm, and the required aperture of the three-way microseismic sensor 10 is 110mm. Considering the sustainability of long-term monitoring and maintenance, the installation hole 15 of the microseismic sensor 8 adopts a "double hole strategy", that is, two holes 15 are drilled at the same position, and the distance between the two holes is less than 1m, and one of the holes is drilled. The hole 15 is used to install the microseismic sensor 8 , and the other hole 15 is reserved.

Each microseismic monitoring section is equipped with an 8-channel data acquisition instrument 11, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding microseismic monitoring section. After the microseismic sensors of each microseismic monitoring section are installed, they are connected to the data acquisition instrument 11 of the section through the cable 20; The server 18 is finally connected to the display terminal 19 to complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:

In an underground ultra-deep mine of a mining company, a total of 3 shafts, A shaft 1, B shaft 2 and C shaft 3, are designed and constructed. The positional relationship between A shaft 1, B shaft 2 and C shaft 3 is relatively close. The distances 4 between A shaft 1 and B shaft 2, B shaft 2 and C shaft 3, and C shaft 3 and A shaft 1 are respectively D1, D2, D3, D1, D2, D3 are all less than 150m, and the positional relationship of the three shafts is shown in Figure 1. The depths of A shaft 1, B shaft 2 and C shaft 3 are 1600m, 1560m and 1350m respectively.

The effective monitoring range of a single microseismic sensor 8 can reach 200-300 m. Shaft A, Shaft B 2 and Shaft C 3 are relatively close in position. Within the effective monitoring range of a single microseismic sensor 8, Shaft A, Shaft B 2 and Shaft C 3 can be monitored collaboratively. A set of microseismic monitoring solutions is provided, and each vertical shaft can be arranged with microseismic sensors 8 in sections in the vertical direction.

Its design and implementation steps are as follows:

1. The microseismic monitoring is carried out from a certain depth of the shaft. The A shaft 1, the B shaft 2 and the C shaft 3 are respectively set up with microseismic sensors 8 from the buried depths of 800m, 750m and 600m, as shown in Figure 2, and operate according to the following steps:

2. Each shaft is divided into three microseismic monitoring sections. As shown in Figure 2, the length of each section from top to bottom in shaft A is 300m, 300m and 200m, and the length of each section from top to bottom in shaft B2 The lengths are 300m, 300m and 210m in sequence, and the lengths of each section in the C shaft 3 from top to bottom are 300m, 250m and 200m in sequence.

3. Each microseismic monitoring section adopts a "spiral progressive" arrangement of microseismic sensors 8, that is, a microseismic sensor 8 is arranged from the top of the section, and then rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise, while advancing 15m, and installs one microseismic sensor 8 ; A total of 6 microseismic sensors 8 are arranged in each section, the first of which is a three-way microseismic sensor 10, and the second to sixth are a one-way microseismic sensor 9.

There are two arrangements of all shafts - A1 and A2, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The A1 method is: starting from the upper right corner of the main viewing direction to arrange the first three-way microseismic sensor 10, and then arranging five unidirectional microseismic sensors 9 downward in sequence; A2 method is: starting from the upper left corner of the main viewing direction. One three-way microseismic sensor 10, and then five one-way microseismic sensors 9 are arranged in sequence downward.

4. In the actual arrangement of the microseismic sensor, use the alternate arrangement scheme of A1 and A2, and the uppermost section is arranged in the way of A1. Specifically, when arranging the A shaft 1, the B shaft 2 and the C shaft 3, the three microseismic monitoring sections from top to bottom are all arranged in the manner of A1, A2, and A1.

5. The microseismic sensor 8 needs to be installed in the borehole 15 that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall, and the borehole depth 16 is 3-5m; the aperture of the one-way microseismic sensor 9 is 75mm, and the aperture of the three-way microseismic sensor 10 is 110mm. Considering the sustainability of long-term monitoring and maintenance, the installation hole 15 of the microseismic sensor adopts a "two-hole strategy", that is, two holes 15 are drilled in the same position, and the distance between the two holes is less than 1m, and one of the holes is drilled. 15 is used to install the microseismic sensor 8, and another drilled hole 15 is reserved.

6. Correspondingly, each microseismic monitoring section is equipped with an 8-channel data acquisition instrument 11, and a total of 9 data acquisition instruments 11 are used in the three shafts. After each section of the microseismic sensor 8 is installed, it is connected to the data acquisition instrument 11 of the section through the cable 20; 9 data acquisition instruments 11 are transmitted to the surface through the optical cable 21, firstly connected to the same switch 17, and then the switch 17 is connected to the server 18. Finally, connect to a plurality of display terminals 19 to display, and complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system of the A shaft 1, the B shaft 2 and the C shaft 3, as shown in FIG. 5 .

According to the above method, the effective monitoring range of the microseismic sensor is comprehensively considered, so that coordinated monitoring is achieved between the A shaft 1 , the B shaft 2 and the C shaft 3 .

In comparison, if the traditional microseismic monitoring method is adopted for the above three shafts, that is, a row of microseismic sensors 8 is arranged every 50m, and three microseismic sensors 8 are arranged in each row, starting from the buried depth of 600m, a total of 129 microseismic sensors are required. 8. 24 data acquisition instruments 11 and multiple servers 18; only 54 microseismic sensors 8, 9 data acquisition instruments 11, and 1 server 18 are required by the above method of the present invention.

The key of the present invention lies in the arrangement and operation method of the microseismic sensor. The use of microseismic equipment can be greatly reduced without damaging the microseismic monitoring effect through the sectional and helical progressive arrangement scheme and the method of cooperating between the shafts. This significantly reduces the cost of on-site microseismic monitoring.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Anyone who is familiar with the technology can understand the obtained transformation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, All should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. an ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rock burst microseismic coordinated monitoring method, is characterized in that: its steps are: A. For ultra-deep shafts, microseismic monitoring should be carried out from the depth of 600 to 800m; for two or more shafts with a horizontal distance of less than 150m, coordinated monitoring of all shafts should be used; B. Divide monitoring sections for each shaft, and the length of each monitoring section is 200-300m; microseismic sensors are staggered in the monitoring sections in the vertical direction of each shaft to realize joint monitoring between shafts; When arranging microseismic sensors in each monitoring section, a spiral progressive arrangement is adopted, and a microseismic sensor is arranged from the top of the monitoring section, and then every 90 degrees counterclockwise is rotated, and one microseismic sensor is installed while moving down a certain distance; Each monitoring section can be arranged with 4-8 microseismic sensors, the microseismic sensors include a one-way microseismic sensor and a three-way microseismic sensor, and the one-way microseismic sensor and the three-way microseismic sensor are used in combination; C. Install the microseismic sensor in the borehole that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall; The depth of the drilled hole is 3-5m; the required hole diameter of the one-way microseismic sensor is 75mm, and the required hole diameter of the three-way microseismic sensor is 110mm. The installation hole of the microseismic sensor adopts a double-hole strategy. Drill two holes in the same position, the distance between the two holes is less than 1m, one of which is used to install the microseismic sensor, and the other is for use; D. Each monitoring section is equipped with a data acquisition instrument, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding monitoring section. 2. a kind of ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rock burst microseismic coordinated monitoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step D, after the microseismic sensor of each monitoring section is installed, all pass The cable is connected to the data acquisition instrument in this section; all data acquisition instruments are transmitted to the surface through optical cables, first connected to the same switch, then to the server, and finally to the display terminal to complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system.

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