CN110376648A - A kind of ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rock burst microseism synergic monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring method for an ultra-deep shaft. For vertical shafts with more than one vertical shaft, all vertical shafts are used for collaborative monitoring; B. Each vertical shaft is divided into monitoring sections, and microseismic sensors are arranged staggeredly in the vertical monitoring section of each vertical shaft to realize joint monitoring between each vertical shaft; C. Each vertical shaft The arrangement of the microseismic sensors in the monitoring section adopts a spiral progressive type, and the microseismic sensors are installed in the boreholes that are vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall; D. Each monitoring section is equipped with a data acquisition instrument, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding monitoring section . The segmental, united, and spiral progressive microseismic sensor arrangement method proposed by the present invention enables collaborative monitoring between multiple ultra-deep shafts that are close to each other without damaging the monitoring effect, improves the stability of the microseismic monitoring system, and reduces engineering monitoring. cost.

Description

A spiral progressive rockburst and microseismic collaborative monitoring method for ultra-deep shafts

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microseismic monitoring, and more specifically relates to a spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring method for ultra-deep shafts, which is suitable for microseismic monitoring of underground mines containing multiple adjacent ultra-deep shafts.

Background technique

In recent years, with the gradual depletion of domestic surface mineral resources, the mining depth of many mines has gradually deepened. Many open-pit mines have changed from shallow mining to deep concave mining or into the ground, and underground mines are extremely deep.

For ultra-deep underground mines, rockburst has become an important factor affecting deep mining, and at the same time poses a potentially huge threat to the personal safety of workers. The Witwatersrand gold mine in South Africa is the deepest mine in the world. Most of its mining areas have a mining depth of more than 2km, and the maximum mining depth is close to 5km. Severe rockbursts have occurred in all mining areas, and mining activities have caused tens of kilometers of large The fault was activated and slipped tens of centimeters, resulting in an earthquake event with a magnitude as high as 5.1, which also caused major damage to the surface buildings; a moderate rockburst occurred in the Hongtoushan Copper Mine in May 1999, causing nearly 100m The long ramp collapsed and was scrapped at one time, and part of the stope stopped production.

Microseismic monitoring technology is widely used in the research of rockburst activity and slope stability analysis, and has been applied in mining, water conservancy, petroleum and other fields. With the continuous development and improvement of microseismic monitoring system hardware and software, this technology has become an effective rock mass stress monitoring method, and has been widely used in deep mines and other projects at home and abroad.

The difference between mine microseismic monitoring and tunnel microseismic monitoring is that during the construction of tunnel engineering, it is only necessary to monitor the vicinity of the excavated face, and the part that has been excavated and far away from the face is generally supported relatively stably, and After the construction is completed, the tunnel is basically free from external disturbances; after the construction of the mine is completed, mining operations will often be carried out, and blasting operations at a certain distance from the shaft will cause certain disturbances to the completed shaft and damage its stability. Long-term microseismic monitoring is required. In the tunnel microseismic monitoring, the usual microseismic monitoring method is: arrange two rows of sensors along the direction of the tunnel 50-100m away from the tunnel face, the distance between the two rows of sensors is 30-50m, and each row arranges 3-4 microseismic sensors. Subsurface advancement continuously recycles mobile microseismic sensors, thereby reducing the cost of microseismic monitoring. In the construction of deep mines, there are often multiple shafts; since the construction of mine shafts requires long-term monitoring, the installed sensors cannot be recovered. The number of microseismic sensors used may reach hundreds, which will greatly increase the cost, and also greatly challenge the stability of the microseismic monitoring system.

Therefore, for the construction of ultra-deep shafts in mines, especially the construction of multiple ultra-deep shafts, the same method as tunnel microseismic monitoring cannot be used. The layout of microseismic sensors must be optimized to reduce the cost of microseismic monitoring and ensure the quality of microseismic monitoring. , which is undoubtedly of great benefit to the construction of mines.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the defects in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for super-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring, which is easy to implement and easy to operate, and can improve the stability of the microseismic monitoring system and reduce the engineering cost. Monitoring costs.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:

A spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring method for an ultra-deep shaft, the steps of which are:

A. For ultra-deep shafts, start microseismic monitoring from a buried depth of 600 to 800m; for two or more shafts with a horizontal distance less than 150m, use all shafts for coordinated monitoring;

B. Divide monitoring sections for each shaft, the length of each monitoring section is 200-300m; the microseismic sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the monitoring sections in the vertical direction of each shaft to realize joint monitoring between each shaft;

C. Install the microseismic sensor in the borehole that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall;

D. Each monitoring section is equipped with a data acquisition instrument, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding monitoring section.

Further, in the above-mentioned step B, when the microseismic sensor is arranged in each monitoring section, a spiral progressive arrangement is adopted, that is, a microseismic sensor is arranged from the top of the monitoring section, and then rotates counterclockwise every 90 degrees, and at the same time Go down a certain distance and install a microseismic sensor.

Preferably, in the step B, 4 to 8 microseismic sensors can be arranged in each monitoring section, and the microseismic sensors include a one-way microseismic sensor and a three-way microseismic sensor, and the one-way microseismic sensor and the three-way microseismic sensor Can be used together.

Further, in the step C, the depth of the drilled hole is 3-5m; wherein the required aperture of the one-way microseismic sensor is 75 mm, the required aperture of the three-way microseismic sensor is 110 mm, and the required aperture of the microseismic sensor is 110 mm. The installation drilling of the sensor adopts the "double-hole strategy", that is, two holes are drilled at the same position, and the distance between the two holes is less than 1m. One of the holes is used to install the microseismic sensor, and the other is used as a backup.

Preferably, in the step D, after the microseismic sensors of each monitoring section are installed, they are all connected to the data acquisition instrument of this section through cables; all data acquisition instruments are transmitted to the surface through optical cables, and first connected to the same The switch, the switch is then connected to the server, and finally connected to the display terminal to complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system.

Assuming that there are three vertical shafts with a depth of 1500m, if according to the traditional microseismic monitoring layout method, a row of microseismic sensors is arranged every 50m, and 3 microseismic sensors are arranged in each row, starting from a buried depth of 600m, a total of 162 microseismic sensors are required, 27 Data acquisition instrument, multiple servers; and adopt method of the present invention, only need 54 microseismic sensors, 9 data acquisition instruments, 1 server with above-mentioned same condition, equipment consumption reduces 2/3, does not damage microseismic simultaneously The monitoring effect greatly reduces the cost.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

Using the most widely used microseismic monitoring technology in rockburst early warning, a new sensor arrangement scheme is proposed to monitor rockburst in ultra-deep mine shafts. The segmental, united, and spiral progressive microseismic sensor arrangement method proposed by the present invention enables collaborative monitoring between multiple ultra-deep shafts close to each other, thereby greatly reducing the number of microseismic sensors used without damaging the monitoring effect and improving The stability of the microseismic monitoring system is improved, and the cost of engineering monitoring is reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vertical shaft position relationship of the spiral progressive rockburst and microseismic collaborative monitoring method for ultra-deep vertical shafts of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the segmental layout schematic diagram of the shaft microseismic monitoring sensor of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic cooperative monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the front view of two kinds of microseismic sensor layout schemes of the vertical shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic cooperative monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the vertical view of two kinds of microseismic sensor layout schemes of the ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic cooperative monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a system connection topology diagram of the spiral progressive rockburst and microseismic collaborative monitoring of the ultra-deep shaft of the present invention.

Among them: 1-A shaft; 2-B shaft; 3-C shaft; 4-distance between shafts (D1, D2, D3 are all less than 150m); 5-section length (unit: m); 6-surface; 7- Surrounding rock; 8-microseismic sensor (purchased on the market); 9-one-way microseismic sensor (Hubei Haizhen SSS_GU10); 10-three-way microseismic sensor (Hubei Haizhen SSS_GT10); 11-data acquisition instrument (Hubei Haizhen SSS_32AU_8) ; 12-microseismic sensor arrangement number; 13-microseismic sensor number; 14-distance scale (unit: m); 15-drilling; 16-drilling depth; 17-switch (Huawei S1700-16G); 18-server ( DELL-T3620); 19-display terminal; 20-cable; 21-optical cable.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention proposes a spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring method for ultra-deep shafts. For several vertical shafts with relatively short horizontal distances, the layout scheme of the microseismic sensors 8 can be optimized to make each vertical shaft Joint monitoring between them, thereby reducing the number of microseismic sensors 8 without damaging the effect of microseismic monitoring, achieving the purpose of saving monitoring costs and improving the stability of the microseismic monitoring system.

More specifically, for two or more vertical shafts whose horizontal distance is less than 150m, a collaborative monitoring method for multiple vertical shafts can be adopted.

Due to the low ground stress and low risk of rockburst in the shaft section with shallow buried depth, microseismic monitoring can be started at a certain depth from the surface, generally at a buried depth of 600-800m.

Considering that the effective monitoring range of a single microseismic sensor 8 can reach 200-300m, each shaft can be divided into several monitoring sections, and the microseismic sensors 8 are arranged staggeredly in the vertical monitoring sections of multiple shafts to realize the joint monitoring of each shaft. monitor.

When the microseismic sensor 8 is arranged in each monitoring section, a spiral progressive arrangement is adopted, that is, a microseismic sensor 8 is arranged from the top of the monitoring section, and then rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, and at the same time advances downward for a certain distance, and a microseismic sensor 8 is installed. Sensor 8: 4 to 8 microseismic sensors 8 can be arranged in each monitoring section. The microseismic sensor 8 includes a one-way microseismic sensor 9 and a three-way microseismic sensor 10. The one-way microseismic sensor 9 and the three-way microseismic sensor 10 can be used together.

The microseismic sensor 8 needs to be installed in the borehole 15 vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall, and the drilling depth 16 is 3-5m; the required aperture of the unidirectional microseismic sensor 9 is 75mm, and the required aperture of the three-directional microseismic sensor 10 is 110mm. Considering the sustainability of long-term monitoring and maintenance, the installation borehole 15 of the microseismic sensor 8 adopts a "double-hole strategy", that is, two boreholes 15 are drilled at the same position, and the distance between the two boreholes is less than 1m. The hole 15 is used to install the microseismic sensor 8, and another borehole 15 is reserved.

Each microseismic monitoring section is equipped with an 8-channel data acquisition instrument 11, which is placed in a chamber near the top of the corresponding microseismic monitoring section. After the microseismic sensors in each microseismic monitoring section are installed, they are all connected to the data acquisition instrument 11 of this section through the cable 20; all data acquisition instruments 11 are transmitted to the surface through the optical cable 21, and are first connected to the same switch 17, and then the switch 17 is connected The server 18 is finally connected to the display terminal 19 to complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific implementation example the present invention will be described in further detail:

For an ultra-deep underground mine of a mining company, a total of 3 shafts, Shaft A 1, Shaft B 2 and Shaft C 3, were designed and constructed. A shaft 1, B shaft 2 and C shaft 3 are relatively close to each other. The distances 4 between A shaft 1 and B shaft 2, B shaft 2 and C shaft 3, and C shaft 3 and A shaft 1 are D1, D2, D3, D1, D2, and D3 are all less than 150m, and the positional relationship of the three shafts is shown in Figure 1. The depths of shaft A 1, shaft B 2 and shaft C 3 are 1600m, 1560m and 1350m in sequence.

The effective monitoring range of a single microseismic sensor 8 can reach 200-300m. The positions of Shaft A 1, Shaft B 2, and Shaft C 3 are relatively close. Within the effective monitoring range of a single microseismic sensor 8, Shaft A 1, Shaft B 2, and Shaft C 3 can be monitored collaboratively. A set of microseismic monitoring schemes, each shaft can be arranged with microseismic sensors 8 in sections in the vertical direction.

Its design and implementation steps are as follows:

One, the vertical shaft begins to carry out microseismic monitoring from a certain depth, and A vertical shaft 1, B vertical shaft 2 and C vertical shaft 3 start to lay microseismic sensors 8 from buried depths of 800m, 750m and 600m respectively, as shown in Figure 2, and operate according to the following steps:

2. Each shaft is divided into three microseismic monitoring sections. As shown in Figure 2, the length of each section from top to bottom in A shaft 1 is 300m, 300m and 200m, and the length of each section from top to bottom in B shaft 2 They are 300m, 300m and 210m in sequence, and the lengths of each section from top to bottom in shaft C 3 are 300m, 250m and 200m in sequence.

3. Each microseismic monitoring section adopts a "spiral progressive" arrangement of microseismic sensors 8, that is, a microseismic sensor 8 is arranged from the top of the section, and then rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise, and advances 15m at the same time, installing a microseismic sensor 8 A total of 6 microseismic sensors 8 are arranged in each section, the first of which is a three-way microseismic sensor 10 , and the second to sixth ones are unidirectional microseismic sensors 9 .

There are two layouts for all shafts—A1 and A2, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Among them, the A1 method is: arrange the first three-way microseismic sensor 10 from the upper right corner of the main viewing direction, and then arrange five unidirectional microseismic sensors 9 in sequence downward; the A2 method is: arrange the first three-way microseismic sensor 10 from the upper left corner of the main viewing direction A three-way microseismic sensor 10, followed by five unidirectional microseismic sensors 9 arranged downwards in sequence.

4. In the actual layout of the microseismic sensors, use the alternate layout scheme of A1 and A2, and the top section is arranged in the way of A1. Specifically, when arranging Shaft A 1, Shaft B 2, and Shaft C 3, the three microseismic monitoring sections from top to bottom are arranged in the manner of A1, A2, and A1.

Five, the microseismic sensor 8 needs to be installed in the borehole 15 that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall, and the drilling depth 16 is 3-5m; wherein the aperture of the unidirectional microseismic sensor 9 is 75mm, and the aperture of the three-directional microseismic sensor 10 is 110mm. Considering the sustainability of long-term monitoring and maintenance, the installation borehole 15 of the microseismic sensor adopts a "double-hole strategy", that is, two boreholes 15 are drilled at the same position, and the distance between the two boreholes is less than 1m. 15 is used for installing microseismic sensor 8, and another borehole 15 is standby.

6. Correspondingly, each microseismic monitoring section is equipped with one 8-channel data acquisition instrument 11, and a total of nine data acquisition instruments 11 are used in the three shafts. After each section of the microseismic sensor 8 is installed, it is connected to the data acquisition instrument 11 of this section through the cable 20; the nine data acquisition instruments 11 are transmitted to the surface through the optical cable 21, first connected to the same switch 17, and then the switch 17 is connected to the server 18, finally connected to multiple display terminals 19 to display and complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system for shaft A 1, shaft B 2 and shaft C 3, as shown in FIG. 5 .

According to the above method, the effective monitoring range of the microseismic sensor is comprehensively considered, so that the collaborative monitoring among the shaft A 1 , the shaft B 2 and the shaft C 3 is realized.

In comparison, if the traditional microseismic monitoring method is used for the above three shafts, that is, a row of microseismic sensors 8 is arranged every 50m, and 3 microseismic sensors 8 are arranged in each row, starting from a buried depth of 600m, a total of 129 microseismic sensors are required 8, 24 data acquisition instruments 11, multiple servers 18; only 54 microseismic sensors 8, 9 data acquisition instruments 11, and 1 server 18 are required by the method of the present invention.

The key of the present invention lies in the layout and operation method of microseismic sensors. Through the segmented and spiral progressive layout scheme and the method of cooperative operation between shafts, the use of microseismic equipment is greatly reduced without compromising the microseismic monitoring effect. quantity, significantly reducing the cost of on-site microseismic monitoring.

The above is only a specific implementation mode in the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technology can understand the transformation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A super-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring method, characterized in that: the steps are: A. For ultra-deep shafts, start microseismic monitoring from a buried depth of 600 to 800m; for two or more shafts with a horizontal distance less than 150m, use all shafts for coordinated monitoring; B. Divide monitoring sections for each shaft, the length of each monitoring section is 200-300m; the microseismic sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the monitoring sections in the vertical direction of each shaft to realize joint monitoring between each shaft; C. Install the microseismic sensor in the borehole that is vertical or close to the vertical shaft wall; D. Each monitoring section is equipped with a data acquisition instrument, which is placed in the chamber near the top of the corresponding monitoring section. 2. A method for super-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, when a microseismic sensor is arranged in each monitoring section, a spiral progressive method is used. Arrangement, a microseismic sensor is arranged from the top of the monitoring section, and then rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, and at the same time advance a certain distance downwards, and install a microseismic sensor. 3. A method for super-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, 4 to 8 microseismic sensors can be arranged in each monitoring section, so The microseismic sensor includes a one-way microseismic sensor and a three-way microseismic sensor, and the one-way microseismic sensor and the three-way microseismic sensor are used together. 4. A method for super-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic collaborative monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step C, the depth of the borehole is 3-5m; wherein the The required aperture of the one-way microseismic sensor is 75mm, and the required aperture of the three-way microseismic sensor is 110mm. The installation drilling hole of the described microseismic sensor adopts a double-hole strategy, and two drilling holes are drilled at the same position. The distance between the two holes is Less than 1m, one of the holes is used to install the microseismic sensor, and the other hole is used for backup. 5. A kind of ultra-deep shaft spiral progressive rockburst microseismic cooperative monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step D, after the microseismic sensors in each monitoring section are installed, all through The cable is connected to the data acquisition instrument in this section; all data acquisition instruments are transmitted to the surface through optical cables, first connected to the same switch, then connected to the server, and finally connected to the display terminal to complete the installation of the microseismic monitoring system.