CN110374838A - A kind of critical-cross carbon dioxide energy-storage system and method based on LNG cryogenic energy utilization - Google Patents
A kind of critical-cross carbon dioxide energy-storage system and method based on LNG cryogenic energy utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 367
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims 43
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
- F04B37/18—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use for specific elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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Abstract
本发明一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统及方法，所述系统包括二氧化碳循环回路；所述的二氧化碳循环回路包括液态二氧化碳储气罐、第一换热器、第二换热器、压缩机组、超临界二氧化碳储罐和膨胀机组；液态二氧化碳储罐的出口经第一换热器蒸发侧和压缩机组连接超临界二氧化碳储罐入口；超临界二氧化碳储罐的出口依次经膨胀机组、第一换热器冷凝侧和第二换热器的冷凝侧连接液态二氧化碳储气罐的入口；第二换热器的蒸发侧入口连接LNG储罐，出口连接用户端形成LNG利用回路；通过LNG作为冷源进一步对第一换热器冷凝侧流出的液态二氧化碳进行冷凝；压缩机组连接低谷电驱动的电动机进行储能；膨胀机组经发电机与用户连接进行释能。
The present invention is a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on utilization of LNG cold capacity. The system includes a carbon dioxide circulation loop; the carbon dioxide circulation loop includes a liquid carbon dioxide gas storage tank, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger. The outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the inlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank through the evaporation side of the first heat exchanger and the compressor unit; the outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank passes through the expansion unit in turn 1. The condensing side of the first heat exchanger and the condensing side of the second heat exchanger are connected to the inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide gas storage tank; the inlet of the evaporation side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the LNG storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the user end to form an LNG utilization circuit; LNG is used as a cold source to further condense the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the condensation side of the first heat exchanger; the compressor unit is connected to the electric motor driven by low valley electricity for energy storage; the expansion unit is connected to the user through the generator for energy release.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于储能和能量利用技术领域，具体涉及一种基于LNG冷量利 用的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage and energy utilization, and in particular relates to a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on utilization of LNG cold capacity.
背景技术Background technique
随着传统化石能源的日益枯竭和环境问题的日益显著，可再生能源的利 用受到了越来越多的重视。风能、太阳能等可再生能源所固有的随机性和波 动性给可再生能源的开发带来了巨大的挑战，因此我们需要发展储能技术来 有效解决这些问题。With the depletion of traditional fossil energy and the increasingly prominent environmental problems, the utilization of renewable energy has received more and more attention. The inherent randomness and volatility of renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy have brought great challenges to the development of renewable energy, so we need to develop energy storage technology to effectively solve these problems.
目前世界上能够成熟应用的大规模储能技术只有抽水蓄能和压缩空气储 能两种，抽水蓄能受到地理位置的限制，需要特定的地质条件和长期的足够 水源，而压缩空气储能依赖汽轮机技术、化石燃料的补充燃烧以及合适储存 的洞穴。近年来提出了一个跨临界二氧化碳储能系统，该系统具有压缩空气 储能的特点且无需燃烧室，我们基于此展开研究。At present, there are only two large-scale energy storage technologies that can be maturely applied in the world: pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage. Steam turbine technology, supplemental combustion of fossil fuels, and caves for suitable storage. In recent years, a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system has been proposed, which has the characteristics of compressed air energy storage and does not need a combustor, and our research is based on this.
现有技术中，跨临界二氧化碳储能技术还存在着如下一些问题，其发电 效率和储能密度还不高，跨临界二氧化碳储能技术中液态二氧化碳储罐中存 在液化不充分的问题，大量富余的LNG作为优质冷源无法得到合理利用。In the existing technology, the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage technology still has the following problems. Its power generation efficiency and energy storage density are not high. In the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage technology, there is a problem of insufficient liquefaction in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank. LNG cannot be reasonably utilized as a high-quality cold source.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨 临界二氧化碳储能系统及方法，节能环保，设计合理，对能量充分利用，能 够降低存储系统的规模，增加系统的灵活性。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on the utilization of LNG cold capacity, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, with reasonable design and full utilization of energy, which can reduce the scale of the storage system and increase the capacity of the system. flexibility.
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统，包括二氧化碳循 环回路；A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on LNG cold utilization, including a carbon dioxide cycle loop;
所述的二氧化碳循环回路包括液态二氧化碳储气罐、第一换热器、第二 换热器、压缩机组、超临界二氧化碳储罐和膨胀机组；Described carbon dioxide circulation circuit comprises liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, compressor unit, supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank and expansion unit;
所述液态二氧化碳储罐的出口经第一换热器蒸发侧和压缩机组连接超临 界二氧化碳储罐入口；The outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank inlet through the evaporation side of the first heat exchanger and the compressor unit;
所述超临界二氧化碳储罐的出口依次经膨胀机组、第一换热器冷凝侧和 第二换热器的冷凝侧连接液态二氧化碳储气罐的入口；The outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide gas storage tank through the expansion unit, the condensation side of the first heat exchanger and the condensation side of the second heat exchanger successively;
所述第二换热器的蒸发侧入口连接LNG储罐，出口连接用户端形成 LNG利用回路；通过LNG作为冷源进一步对第一换热器冷凝侧流出的液态 二氧化碳进行冷凝；The evaporation side inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the LNG storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the user end to form an LNG utilization circuit; the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the condensation side of the first heat exchanger is further condensed by using LNG as a cold source;
所述的压缩机组连接低谷电驱动的电动机进行储能；The compressor unit is connected to an electric motor driven by low-peak electricity for energy storage;
所述的膨胀机组经发电机与用户连接进行释能。The expansion unit is connected to the user via a generator for energy release.
优选的，压缩机组采用多级压缩方式进行低谷电储能，膨胀机组采用多 级膨胀方式，驱动发电机进行发电。Preferably, the compressor unit adopts a multi-stage compression method for low-peak electricity energy storage, and the expansion unit adopts a multi-stage expansion method to drive a generator to generate electricity.
优选的，还包括热源与冷源循环回路；所述的热源与冷源循环回路包括 热源储罐、换热器组和冷源储罐；所述的换热器组包括设置在压缩机之间的 压缩侧换热器和设置在膨胀机之间的膨胀侧换热器；Preferably, it also includes a heat source and a cold source circulation loop; the heat source and cold source circulation loop includes a heat source storage tank, a heat exchanger group and a cold source storage tank; the heat exchanger group includes a The compression side heat exchanger and the expansion side heat exchanger arranged between the expanders;
压缩侧换热器设置在对应压缩机的工质出口，初级压缩机的工质入口连 接第一换热器蒸发侧出口，压缩机级间的压缩侧换热器蒸发侧连接前一级压 缩机的出口与下一级压缩机的进口，末级压缩机出口连接至超临界二氧化碳 储罐入口进行能量存储；每一压缩侧换热器的冷凝侧出口均与热源储罐进口 相连接，冷凝侧入口均与冷源储罐出口相连接；The heat exchanger on the compression side is installed at the working fluid outlet of the corresponding compressor, the working fluid inlet of the primary compressor is connected to the evaporation side outlet of the first heat exchanger, and the evaporation side of the compression side heat exchanger between compressor stages is connected to the previous stage compressor The outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the next-stage compressor, and the outlet of the last-stage compressor is connected to the inlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank for energy storage; the outlet of the condensation side of each heat exchanger on the compression side is connected to the inlet of the heat source storage tank, and the outlet of the condensation side The inlets are all connected to the outlet of the cold source storage tank;
膨胀侧换热器设置在对应膨胀机的工质入口，超临界二氧化碳储罐出口 连接初级膨胀机的蒸发侧入口，膨胀机级间的膨胀侧换热器蒸发侧连接前一 级的膨胀机出口与下一级膨胀机进口，末级膨胀机的工质出口连接第一换热 器的冷凝侧工质入口；每一膨胀侧换热器的冷凝侧入口均与热源储罐出口相 连接，冷凝侧出口均与冷源储罐进口相连接。The heat exchanger on the expansion side is set at the working medium inlet of the corresponding expander, the outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation side of the primary expander, and the evaporation side of the heat exchanger on the expansion side between stages of the expander is connected to the outlet of the expander of the previous stage The inlet of the next-stage expander and the outlet of the working medium of the last-stage expander are connected to the inlet of the condensing side of the first heat exchanger; the inlet of the condensing side of each expansion-side heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the heat source storage tank, and the condensing The side outlets are all connected to the inlet of the cold source storage tank.
进一步，热源储罐温度保持在135～150摄氏度，冷源储罐温度保持在- 5～5摄氏度。Further, the temperature of the heat source storage tank is kept at 135-150 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the cold source storage tank is kept at -5-5 degrees Celsius.
优选的，液态二氧化碳储罐与第一换热器之间设置第一节流阀；超临界 二氧化碳储罐与膨胀机组之间设置第二节流阀。Preferably, a first throttle valve is set between the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and the first heat exchanger; a second throttle valve is set between the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank and the expansion unit.
优选的，液态二氧化碳储罐上端连接循环压缩机入口，循环压缩机的出 口连接第二换热器的冷凝侧的第二回路形成气态二氧化碳液化回路；利用 LNG储罐中的LNG作为冷源对液态二氧化碳进行冷凝；冷凝侧的第一回路 连接第一换热器冷凝侧流出的液态二氧化碳。Preferably, the upper end of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the inlet of the circulation compressor, and the outlet of the circulation compressor is connected to the second circuit on the condensation side of the second heat exchanger to form a gaseous carbon dioxide liquefaction circuit; the LNG in the LNG storage tank is used as a cold source to cool the liquid The carbon dioxide is condensed; the first circuit on the condensation side is connected to the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out from the condensation side of the first heat exchanger.
一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能方法，包括，A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage method based on the utilization of cold capacity of LNG, comprising:
低谷储能；在第一换热器中气化后的二氧化碳经压缩机组压缩，经过压 缩后处于超临界状态，被储存于超临界二氧化碳储罐中；Low valley energy storage: the carbon dioxide vaporized in the first heat exchanger is compressed by the compressor unit, and after being compressed, it is in a supercritical state and stored in a supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank;
释能供电；超临界二氧化碳储罐释放工质，工质在膨胀机内膨胀做功， 带动发电机为用户供电；经过膨胀后的二氧化碳处于气体状态，经换热器液 化后储存于液态二氧化碳储罐中；释能供电时，利用LNG储罐中的LNG 作为冷源进一步对第一换热器冷凝侧流出的液态二氧化碳进行冷凝。Release energy to supply power; the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank releases the working fluid, which expands in the expander to do work, driving the generator to supply power to the user; the expanded carbon dioxide is in a gas state, and is stored in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank after being liquefied by the heat exchanger Middle; when the energy is released for power supply, the LNG in the LNG storage tank is used as a cold source to further condense the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the condensation side of the first heat exchanger.
优选的，低谷储能时；气化后的二氧化碳经压缩机组压缩，级间由压缩 侧换热器吸收压缩热，同时压缩侧换热器还连接冷源储罐出口和热源储罐， 利用压缩热加热来自冷源储罐的介质并输送至热源储罐中，气化的二氧化碳 经过多级压缩及级间冷却后处于超临界状态，被储存于超临界二氧化碳储罐 中；Preferably, during low valley energy storage; the gasified carbon dioxide is compressed by the compressor unit, and the heat of compression is absorbed by the heat exchanger on the compression side between the stages, and the heat exchanger on the compression side is also connected to the outlet of the cold source storage tank and the heat source storage tank. Heat the medium from the cold source storage tank and transport it to the heat source storage tank. The gasified carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state after multi-stage compression and interstage cooling, and is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank;
释能供电时；超临界二氧化碳储罐释放工质，在膨胀机内膨胀做功，级 间由膨胀侧换热器储存膨胀冷量，同时膨胀侧换热器还连接冷源储罐出口和 热源储罐，利用热源储罐中的高温介质对流经换热器的二氧化碳工质进行加 热，冷却后的介质进入冷源储罐进行储存。When releasing energy to supply power; the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank releases the working fluid, expands in the expander to do work, and the expansion side heat exchanger stores the expansion cooling capacity between stages, and the expansion side heat exchanger is also connected to the outlet of the cold source storage tank and the heat source storage tank. The high-temperature medium in the heat source storage tank is used to heat the carbon dioxide working medium flowing through the heat exchanger, and the cooled medium enters the cold source storage tank for storage.
进一步，热源与冷源循环回路采用水或导热油为介质，对二氧化碳工质 进行级间加热和冷却处理。Further, the circulation loop of the heat source and the cold source uses water or heat transfer oil as the medium to perform interstage heating and cooling of the carbon dioxide working fluid.
优选的，通过循环压缩机对液态二氧化碳储罐中未完全冷凝的气态二氧 化碳通过压缩成为液态二氧化碳重新进入液态二氧化碳储罐，其中通过第二 换热器利用LNG储罐中的LNG作为冷源对液态二氧化碳进行冷凝。Preferably, the incompletely condensed gaseous carbon dioxide in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is compressed into liquid carbon dioxide and re-enters the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank through the circulating compressor, wherein the LNG in the LNG storage tank is used as a cold source for liquid carbon dioxide through the second heat exchanger. Carbon dioxide condenses.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明采用了跨临界二氧化碳储能技术，利用丰富的LNG作冷源，为 从第一换热器冷凝过的液态二氧化碳进一步冷凝，降低了液态二氧化碳温度 有效减少液态二氧化碳储罐中的液态二氧化碳气化，提高了发电效率，同时 LNG吸热气化之后可以直接供给用户使用。The present invention adopts transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage technology, utilizes abundant LNG as a cold source, further condenses the liquid carbon dioxide condensed from the first heat exchanger, reduces the temperature of liquid carbon dioxide and effectively reduces the liquid carbon dioxide gas in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank This improves the efficiency of power generation, and at the same time, LNG can be directly supplied to users after absorbing heat and gasifying.
进一步的，本发明采用多级压缩方式，压缩过程中的电力由低谷电进行 供给，解决了用电成本高昂的问题；本发明采用多级膨胀方式，驱动发电机 进行发电，利用低谷电储能，需要用电时发电，可赚取峰谷电差价，不但可 以解决小区完全依赖电网的缺陷，峰谷电之间的差价也极为可观。Furthermore, the present invention adopts a multi-stage compression method, and the power in the compression process is supplied by low-valley electricity, which solves the problem of high electricity cost; the present invention adopts a multi-stage expansion method, drives a generator to generate electricity, and uses low-valley electricity to store energy , Generating electricity when electricity is needed, can earn the difference in peak and valley electricity prices, not only can solve the defect that the community is completely dependent on the grid, but also the difference between peak and valley electricity prices is extremely considerable.
进一步的，本发明构建了热源与冷源循环回路，压缩机级间设有压缩侧 换热器，对压缩热进行回收，减小热能的耗散。压缩侧换热器储存的热量集 中于热源，用来加热进入膨胀机的工质；膨胀机机组中均设有膨胀侧换热器， 有效储存膨胀过程中产生的冷量，膨胀侧换热器储存的冷量集中于冷源，用 于压缩机级间冷却，提升系统储能与释能效率。Further, the present invention constructs a heat source and cold source circulation loop, and a compression side heat exchanger is arranged between the stages of the compressor to recover the heat of compression and reduce the dissipation of heat energy. The heat stored in the heat exchanger on the compression side is concentrated in the heat source, which is used to heat the working fluid entering the expander; the expander unit is equipped with an expansion side heat exchanger to effectively store the cold generated during the expansion process, and the expansion side heat exchanger The stored cold energy is concentrated in the cold source and used for inter-stage cooling of the compressor to improve the energy storage and energy release efficiency of the system.
进一步的，在液态二氧化碳储罐顶端，用循环压缩机将未冷凝的气态二 氧化碳压缩后通过换热器后重新进入液态二氧化碳储罐中储存。Further, at the top of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, the uncondensed gaseous carbon dioxide is compressed by a circulation compressor and then reenters the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank for storage after passing through the heat exchanger.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明是一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统的 结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on the utilization of cold capacity of LNG according to the present invention.
图中：1、液态二氧化碳储罐；2、第一节流阀；3、第一换热器；4、第 一压缩机；5、第三换热器；6、第二压缩机；7、第四换热器；8、第三压缩 机；9、超临界二氧化碳储罐；10、热源储罐；11、冷源储罐；12、第二节 流阀；13、第一膨胀机；14、第五换热器；15、第二膨胀机；16、第六换热 器；17、第三膨胀机；18、第二换热器；19、LNG储罐；20、循环压缩机。In the figure: 1. Liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; 2. The first throttle valve; 3. The first heat exchanger; 4. The first compressor; 5. The third heat exchanger; 6. The second compressor; 7. The fourth heat exchanger; 8. The third compressor; 9. The supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank; 10. The heat source storage tank; 11. The cold source storage tank; 12. The second throttle valve; 13. The first expander; 14 15. The second expander; 16. The sixth heat exchanger; 17. The third expander; 18. The second heat exchanger; 19. The LNG storage tank; 20. The circulation compressor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明 的解释而不是限定。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, described is explanation of the present invention rather than limitation.
本发明一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统，包括二氧 化碳循环回路；The present invention is a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on LNG cold capacity utilization, comprising a carbon dioxide circulation loop;
所述的二氧化碳循环回路包括液态二氧化碳储气罐1、第一换热器3、 第二换热器18、压缩机组、超临界二氧化碳储罐9和膨胀机组；Described carbon dioxide circulation loop comprises liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1, first heat exchanger 3, second heat exchanger 18, compressor unit, supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 and expansion unit;
所述液态二氧化碳储罐1的出口经第一换热器3蒸发侧和压缩机组连接 超临界二氧化碳储罐9入口；The outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 inlets through the first heat exchanger 3 evaporation side and compressor unit;
所述超临界二氧化碳储罐9的出口依次经膨胀机组、第一换热器3冷凝 侧和第二换热器18的冷凝侧连接液态二氧化碳储气罐1的入口；第二换热 器18的蒸发侧入口连接LNG储罐19，出口连接用户端，通过LNG作为冷 源进一步对第一换热器3冷凝侧流出的液态二氧化碳进行冷凝；The outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 is connected to the inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide gas storage tank 1 through the expansion unit, the condensation side of the first heat exchanger 3 and the condensation side of the second heat exchanger 18 successively; The inlet of the evaporation side is connected to the LNG storage tank 19, and the outlet is connected to the user end, and the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the condensation side of the first heat exchanger 3 is further condensed by using LNG as a cold source;
所述的压缩机组连接低谷电驱动的电动机进行储能；The compressor unit is connected to an electric motor driven by low-peak electricity for energy storage;
所述的膨胀机组经发电机与用户连接进行释能。The expansion unit is connected to the user via a generator for energy release.
其中，液态二氧化碳储罐1外部设绝热材料。Wherein, the exterior of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is provided with heat insulating material.
压缩机组采用多级压缩方式进行低谷电储能，膨胀机组采用多级膨胀方 式，驱动发电机进行发电。The compressor unit adopts a multi-stage compression method for low-peak electricity energy storage, and the expansion unit adopts a multi-stage expansion method to drive a generator to generate electricity.
还包括热源与冷源循环回路；所述的热源与冷源循环回路包括热源储罐 10、换热器组和冷源储罐11；所述的换热器组包括设置在压缩机之间的压 缩侧换热器和设置在膨胀机之间的膨胀侧换热器；It also includes a heat source and a cold source circulation loop; the heat source and cold source circulation loop includes a heat source storage tank 10, a heat exchanger group and a cold source storage tank 11; the heat exchanger group includes a set between the compressors a compression side heat exchanger and an expansion side heat exchanger disposed between the expanders;
压缩侧换热器设置在对应压缩机的工质出口，初级压缩机的工质入口连 接第一换热器3蒸发侧出口，压缩机级间的压缩侧换热器蒸发侧连接前一级 压缩机的出口与下一级压缩机的进口，末级压缩机出口连接至超临界二氧化 碳储罐9入口进行能量存储；每一压缩侧换热器的冷凝侧出口均与热源储罐 10进口相连接，冷凝侧入口均与冷源储罐11出口相连接；The heat exchanger on the compression side is set at the working fluid outlet of the corresponding compressor, the working fluid inlet of the primary compressor is connected to the outlet of the evaporation side of the first heat exchanger 3, and the evaporation side of the compression side heat exchanger between compressor stages is connected to the compressor of the previous stage. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the next-stage compressor, and the outlet of the last-stage compressor is connected to the inlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 for energy storage; the outlet of the condensation side of each compression-side heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat source storage tank 10 , the condensing side inlets are all connected to the outlet of the cold source storage tank 11;
膨胀侧换热器设置在对应膨胀机的工质入口，超临界二氧化碳储罐9出 口连接初级膨胀机的蒸发侧入口，膨胀机级间的膨胀侧换热器蒸发侧连接前 一级的膨胀机出口与下一级膨胀机进口，末级膨胀机的工质出口连接第一换 热器3的冷凝侧工质入口；每一膨胀侧换热器的冷凝侧入口均与热源储罐 10出口相连接，冷凝侧出口均与冷源储罐11进口相连接。The heat exchanger on the expansion side is set at the working medium inlet of the corresponding expander, the outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 is connected to the inlet of the evaporation side of the primary expander, and the evaporation side of the expansion side heat exchanger between stages of the expander is connected to the expander of the previous stage The outlet is connected to the inlet of the next-stage expander, and the outlet of the working medium of the last-stage expander is connected to the inlet of the condensation side of the first heat exchanger 3; the inlet of the condensation side of each expansion-side heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the heat source storage tank 10 Connection, the outlet of the condensing side is connected with the inlet of the cold source storage tank 11.
热源储罐10温度保持在135～150摄氏度，冷源储罐11温度保持在-5～5 摄氏度，热源储罐10和冷源储罐11外部均设绝热材料。The temperature of the heat source storage tank 10 is maintained at 135-150 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the cold source storage tank 11 is maintained at -5-5 degrees Celsius. Both the heat source storage tank 10 and the cold source storage tank 11 are equipped with heat insulating materials.
液态二氧化碳储罐1与第一换热器3之间设置第一节流阀2；超临界二 氧化碳储罐9与膨胀机组之间设置第二节流阀12。A first throttle valve 2 is set between the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 and the first heat exchanger 3; a second throttle valve 12 is set between the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 and the expansion unit.
一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能方法，包括，A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage method based on the utilization of cold capacity of LNG, comprising:
低谷储能；在第一换热器3中气化后的二氧化碳经压缩机组压缩，经过 压缩后处于超临界状态，被储存于超临界二氧化碳储罐9中；Low valley energy storage; the carbon dioxide gasified in the first heat exchanger 3 is compressed by the compressor unit, and is in a supercritical state after compression, and is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9;
释能供电；超临界二氧化碳储罐9释放工质，工质在膨胀机内膨胀做功， 带动发电机为用户供电；经过膨胀后的二氧化碳处于气体状态，经换热器3 液化后储存于液态二氧化碳储罐1中。Release energy to supply power; the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 releases the working medium, which expands in the expander to do work, driving the generator to supply power to the user; the expanded carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state, and is stored in liquid carbon dioxide after being liquefied by the heat exchanger 3 Storage tank 1.
低谷储能时；气化后的二氧化碳经压缩机组压缩，级间由压缩侧换热器 吸收压缩热，同时压缩侧换热器还连接冷源储罐11出口和热源储罐10，利 用压缩热加热来自冷源储罐11的介质并输送至热源储罐10中，气化的二氧 化碳经过多级压缩及级间冷却后处于超临界状态，被储存于超临界二氧化碳 储罐9中；When storing energy in low valleys: the gasified carbon dioxide is compressed by the compressor unit, and the heat of compression is absorbed by the heat exchanger on the compression side between the stages. Heating the medium from the cold source storage tank 11 and transporting it to the heat source storage tank 10, the gasified carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state after multi-stage compression and interstage cooling, and is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9;
释能供电时；超临界二氧化碳储罐9释放工质，在膨胀机内膨胀做功， 级间由膨胀侧换热器储存膨胀冷量，同时膨胀侧换热器还连接冷源储罐11 出口和热源储罐10，利用热源储罐10中的高温介质对流经换热器的二氧化 碳工质进行加热，冷却后的介质进入冷源储罐11进行储存。When energy is released for power supply; the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 releases the working fluid and expands in the expander to perform work, and the expansion side heat exchanger stores the expansion cooling capacity between the stages, and the expansion side heat exchanger is also connected to the outlet of the cold source storage tank 11 and The heat source storage tank 10 uses the high-temperature medium in the heat source storage tank 10 to heat the carbon dioxide working medium flowing through the heat exchanger, and the cooled medium enters the cold source storage tank 11 for storage.
释能供电环节中，第一换热器3与液态二氧化碳储罐1之间设置第二换 热器18。利用LNG储罐19中的LNG作为冷源进一步对第一换热器3冷凝 侧流出的液态二氧化碳进行冷凝。In the link of energy release and power supply, a second heat exchanger 18 is arranged between the first heat exchanger 3 and the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1. Utilize the LNG in the LNG storage tank 19 as a cold source to further condense the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out from the condensation side of the first heat exchanger 3 .
液态二氧化碳储罐1上端连接循环压缩机20，用于将液态二氧化碳储 罐1中未完全冷凝的气态二氧化碳通过压缩成为液态二氧化碳重新进入液态 二氧化碳储罐1，循环压缩机20的出口连接第二换热器18的冷凝侧的第二 回路，利用LNG储罐19中的LNG作为冷源对液态二氧化碳进行冷凝。冷 凝侧的第一回路连接第一换热器3冷凝侧流出的液态二氧化碳。The upper end of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is connected to a circulation compressor 20, which is used to compress the incompletely condensed gaseous carbon dioxide in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 into liquid carbon dioxide and re-enter the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1. The outlet of the circulation compressor 20 is connected to the second compressor The second circuit on the condensation side of the heater 18 uses the LNG in the LNG storage tank 19 as a cold source to condense the liquid carbon dioxide. The first circuit on the condensation side is connected to the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out from the condensation side of the first heat exchanger 3 .
本发明是一种基于LNG冷量利用的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统，充分利 用能源，降低用电成本，节能环保。具体的，如图1所示，其包括液态二氧 化碳储罐1、超临界二氧化碳储罐9、换热器组、压缩机组、膨胀机组、热 源储罐10、冷源储罐11、LNG储罐19；LNG为系统提供冷量后与用户相 连；液态二氧化碳储罐顶端连一压缩机将罐中未液化气态二氧化碳重新压缩 再送回罐中。The invention is a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on utilization of cold capacity of LNG, which fully utilizes energy, reduces electricity cost, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, it includes a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1, a supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9, a heat exchanger unit, a compressor unit, an expansion unit, a heat source storage tank 10, a cold source storage tank 11, and an LNG storage tank 19 ; LNG provides cold energy for the system and is connected to the user; the top of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to a compressor to recompress the unliquefied gaseous carbon dioxide in the tank and send it back to the tank.
其中，液态二氧化碳储罐1通过管道与第一换热器3，进而与初级压缩 机入口相连，液态二氧化碳储罐1与第一换热器3相连之前，先设置第一节 流阀2。压缩机为多级且通过联轴器连接电动机，电动机使用低谷电进行驱 动。压缩机的工质出口端均设有压缩侧换热器，级间的压缩侧换热器连接前 一级压缩机的出口与下一级压缩机的进口。同时压缩侧换热器通过管道均连 接在冷源和热源之间。末级压缩机连接超临界二氧化碳储罐9进行能量存储。 超临界二氧化碳储罐9通过管道连接至初级膨胀机，超临界二氧化碳储罐9 与初级膨胀侧换热器之间设置第二节流阀12。Wherein, the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is connected with the first heat exchanger 3 through a pipeline, and then connected with the inlet of the primary compressor. Before the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is connected with the first heat exchanger 3, the first throttle valve 2 is arranged earlier. The compressor is multi-stage and connected to the electric motor through a coupling, and the electric motor is driven by low-voltage electricity. Compression-side heat exchangers are installed at the working fluid outlet of the compressors, and the compression-side heat exchangers between stages connect the outlet of the previous stage compressor with the inlet of the next stage compressor. At the same time, the heat exchanger on the compression side is connected between the cold source and the heat source through pipes. The last-stage compressor is connected to a supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 for energy storage. The supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 is connected to the primary expander through pipelines, and a second throttle valve 12 is arranged between the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 and the heat exchanger on the primary expansion side.
膨胀机组同样为多级且通过联轴器在释能阶段驱动发电机发电。膨胀机 的工质入口端均设有膨胀侧换热器，级间的膨胀侧换热器连接前一级的膨胀 机出口与下一级膨胀机进口，膨胀侧换热器通过管道均连接在热源与冷源之 间，末级膨胀机通过管道和冷却器连接至第一换热器3，对工质进行冷却， 再通过第二换热器18利用LNG的冷量对工质进一步冷却，进而与液态二氧 化碳储罐1相连，形成二氧化碳循环回路；压缩机组、膨胀机组对应的换热 器组中的换热器两端均与热源储罐18、冷源储罐19相连接，形成一循环回 路；液态二氧化碳储罐1顶端连有循环压缩机20，利用循环压缩机20将未 液化气态二氧化碳抽出并压缩，通过第二换热器18冷却后返回液态二氧化 碳储罐1。The expansion unit is also multi-stage and drives the generator to generate electricity through the coupling in the energy release stage. The working fluid inlet of the expander is equipped with an expansion side heat exchanger, and the expansion side heat exchanger between the stages is connected to the outlet of the previous stage expander and the inlet of the next stage expander, and the expansion side heat exchanger is connected to the Between the heat source and the cold source, the final expander is connected to the first heat exchanger 3 through pipes and coolers to cool the working fluid, and then the second heat exchanger 18 utilizes the cooling capacity of LNG to further cool the working fluid. Then it is connected with the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 to form a carbon dioxide circulation loop; both ends of the heat exchanger in the heat exchanger group corresponding to the compressor unit and the expansion unit are connected to the heat source storage tank 18 and the cold source storage tank 19 to form a cycle Circuit: The top of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is connected with a circulation compressor 20, and the unliquefied gaseous carbon dioxide is extracted and compressed by the circulation compressor 20, and then returned to the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 after being cooled by the second heat exchanger 18.
通过上述连接，压缩机组与膨胀机组之间形成循环回路，工质为二氧化 碳。同时，每一压缩侧换热器均与热源储罐10进口相连接，与冷源储罐11 出口相连接；每一膨胀侧换热器与热源储罐10出口相连接，与冷源储罐11 进口相连接。也就是，压缩机组中压缩侧换热器出口通过管道连接至热源， 进而连接至膨胀机组中的膨胀侧换热器进口；膨胀机组中的膨胀侧换热器出 口通过管道连接至冷源，进而连接至压缩机组中的压缩侧换热器进口。热源、 换热器组、冷源之间形成一循环回路，循环回路采用水或导热油为介质。其 中，热源储罐10温度保持在135～150摄氏度为宜，冷源储罐11温度保持在 -5～5摄氏度为宜，热源储罐10和冷源储罐11外部均设绝热材料以保证其温 度。Through the above connections, a circulation loop is formed between the compressor unit and the expansion unit, and the working medium is carbon dioxide. At the same time, each compression side heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the heat source storage tank 10 and connected with the outlet of the cold source storage tank 11; each expansion side heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the heat source storage tank 10 and connected with the outlet of the cold source storage tank 11 inlets are connected. That is, the outlet of the heat exchanger on the compression side in the compressor unit is connected to the heat source through a pipeline, and then connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger on the expansion side in the expansion unit; the outlet of the heat exchanger on the expansion side in the expansion unit is connected to the cold source through a pipeline, and then Connect to the compression side heat exchanger inlet in the compressor train. A circulation loop is formed among the heat source, the heat exchanger group, and the cold source, and the circulation loop uses water or heat transfer oil as the medium. Among them, it is advisable to keep the temperature of the heat source storage tank 10 at 135-150 degrees Celsius, and it is advisable to keep the temperature of the cold source storage tank 11 at -5 to 5 degrees Celsius. temperature.
同时，为了保证液态二氧化碳储罐内恒温，尽量避免液态二氧化碳气化， 液态二氧化碳储罐1外也设有绝热材料，保证温度恒定。At the same time, in order to ensure a constant temperature inside the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and avoid gasification of the liquid carbon dioxide as much as possible, an insulating material is also provided outside the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 to ensure a constant temperature.
为提高工质压力，减少压缩机组耗功，压缩部分采用多级压缩蓄热式级 间冷却方式，本发明压缩机组以3级为例；为增加工质做功能力，提高系统 效率，膨胀部分采用多级膨胀级间再热方式，本发明膨胀机组以3级为例。In order to increase the pressure of the working medium and reduce the power consumption of the compressor unit, the compression part adopts a multi-stage compression heat storage interstage cooling method. The compressor unit in the present invention takes 3 stages as an example; in order to increase the working capacity of the working medium and improve the system efficiency, the expansion part A multi-stage expansion inter-stage reheating method is adopted, and the expansion unit of the present invention takes 3 stages as an example.
其中，压缩机组包括第一压缩机4、第二压缩机6以及第三压缩机8； 膨胀机组包括第一膨胀机13、第二膨胀机15以及第三膨胀机17；换热器组 包括作为压缩侧换热器的第三换热器5、第四换热器7和作为膨胀侧换热器 的第五换热器14和第六换热器16。Wherein, the compressor group includes the first compressor 4, the second compressor 6 and the third compressor 8; the expansion group includes the first expander 13, the second expander 15 and the third expander 17; the heat exchanger group includes as The third heat exchanger 5, the fourth heat exchanger 7, which are compression side heat exchangers, and the fifth heat exchanger 14, and the sixth heat exchanger 16 which are expansion side heat exchangers.
液态二氧化碳储罐1通过第一节流阀2连接至第一换热器3，经第一节 流阀2降压，在第一换热器10内吸热气化，同时将冷量储存在第一换热器 3中。第一换热器3通过管道连接至第一压缩机4进口，第三换热器5连接 第一压缩机4出口与第二压缩机6进口，第四换热器7连接第二压缩机6出 口与第三压缩机8进口。压缩机组由联轴器连接，第一压缩机4与电动机相 连，电动机由低谷电驱动供能。The liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is connected to the first heat exchanger 3 through the first throttle valve 2, the first throttle valve 2 depressurizes, absorbs heat and vaporizes in the first heat exchanger 10, and stores the cold energy in the In the first heat exchanger 3. The first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the first compressor 4 through pipelines, the third heat exchanger 5 is connected to the outlet of the first compressor 4 and the inlet of the second compressor 6, and the fourth heat exchanger 7 is connected to the second compressor 6 Export and 8 imports of the third compressor. The compressor unit is connected by a shaft coupling, and the first compressor 4 is connected with a motor, and the motor is powered by a low-valley electric drive.
本发明中的储能释能方法：气化后的二氧化碳经压缩机组压缩，级间由 第三、四换热器5、7吸收压缩热，同时第三、四换热器5、7还连接冷源储 罐11出口和热源储罐10，利用压缩热加热来自冷源储罐11的介质并输送 至热源储罐10中。气化的二氧化碳经过三级压缩及级间冷却后处于超临界 状态，被储存于超临界二氧化碳储罐9中。Energy storage and energy release method in the present invention: the gasified carbon dioxide is compressed by the compressor unit, and the compression heat is absorbed by the third and fourth heat exchangers 5 and 7 between the stages, while the third and fourth heat exchangers 5 and 7 are also connected The outlet of the cold source storage tank 11 and the heat source storage tank 10 use compression heat to heat the medium from the cold source storage tank 11 and transport it to the heat source storage tank 10 . The vaporized carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state after three stages of compression and interstage cooling, and is stored in a supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9.
当需要供电时，超临界二氧化碳储罐9释放工质并经过第二节流阀12 降压至释能压力，通过管道与第一膨胀机13入口相连，第五换热器14连接 第一膨胀机13出口及第二膨胀机15进口，第六换热器16连接第二膨胀机 15出口及第三膨胀机17进口。膨胀机组通过联轴器与发电机相连，释能阶 段通过发电机为用户供电。其中，第五、六换热器14、16同时连接热源储 罐10出口和冷源储罐11进口。热源储罐10中的高温介质通过第五、六换 热器14、16对流经换热器的二氧化碳工质进行加热，冷却后的介质进入冷 源储罐11进行储存。通过上述方式，热源储罐10、换热器组以及冷源储罐 11构成一循环回路，循环回路采用水或导热油为介质，对二氧化碳工质进 行级间加热和冷却处理。When power supply is required, the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 releases the working fluid and depressurizes to the release pressure through the second throttle valve 12, and is connected to the inlet of the first expander 13 through a pipeline, and the fifth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the first expander. The outlet of the heat exchanger 13 and the inlet of the second expander 15, and the sixth heat exchanger 16 is connected to the outlet of the second expander 15 and the inlet of the third expander 17. The expansion unit is connected to the generator through a coupling, and the power is supplied to the user through the generator during the energy release stage. Wherein, the fifth and sixth heat exchangers 14, 16 are simultaneously connected to the outlet of the heat source storage tank 10 and the inlet of the cold source storage tank 11. The high-temperature medium in the heat source storage tank 10 heats the carbon dioxide working fluid flowing through the heat exchangers through the fifth and sixth heat exchangers 14 and 16, and the cooled medium enters the cold source storage tank 11 for storage. Through the above method, the heat source storage tank 10, the heat exchanger group and the cold source storage tank 11 form a circulation loop, and the circulation loop uses water or heat transfer oil as the medium to perform interstage heating and cooling treatment on the carbon dioxide working medium.
本发明中对LNG冷量的利用：末级膨胀机通过管道与第一换热器3冷 凝侧相连，对工质二氧化碳进行冷却。从第一换热器3流出后再用管道连接 进入第二换热器18，第二换热器18利用富裕的LNG资源作为冷源进一步 充分冷却工质二氧化碳。Utilization of LNG cooling capacity in the present invention: the final stage expander is connected with the condensation side of the first heat exchanger 3 through pipelines, and the working medium carbon dioxide is cooled. After flowing out from the first heat exchanger 3, enter the second heat exchanger 18 with pipeline connection again, and the second heat exchanger 18 utilizes abundant LNG resources as a cold source to further fully cool the working medium carbon dioxide.
本发明所述系统包括二氧化碳循环回路、LNG利用回路和气态二氧化 碳液化回路；所述的二氧化碳循环回路包括液态二氧化碳储罐1、第一换热 器3、压缩机组、超临界二氧化碳储罐9和膨胀机组；所述液态二氧化碳储 罐1的出口经第一换热器3蒸发侧依次连接压缩机组和超临界二氧化碳储罐 9入口；所述超临界二氧化碳储罐9的出口经依次连接的膨胀机组和第一换 热器3冷凝侧以及第二换热器18冷凝侧最后连接液态二氧化碳储罐1入口； 所述的压缩机组连接低谷电驱动的电动机进行储能；所述的膨胀机组经发电 机与用户连接进行释能；所述LNG利用回路包括第二换热器18和LNG储 罐19，通过第二换热器18利用LNG储罐19的冷量对二氧化碳冷凝；所述 气态二氧化碳液化回路包括第二换热器18和循环压缩机20，把液态二氧化 碳储罐1顶端的未冷却气态二氧化碳抽出，在循环压缩机20中压缩为液态 并且通过第二换热器18冷却后流入液态二氧化碳储罐1。The system of the present invention includes a carbon dioxide circulation loop, an LNG utilization loop and a gaseous carbon dioxide liquefaction loop; the carbon dioxide circulation loop includes a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1, a first heat exchanger 3, a compressor unit, a supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 and an expansion Unit; the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is sequentially connected to the compressor unit and the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 inlet through the evaporation side of the first heat exchanger 3; the outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 9 is sequentially connected to the expansion unit and The condensing side of the first heat exchanger 3 and the condensing side of the second heat exchanger 18 are finally connected to the inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1; the compressor unit is connected to a low-valley electric motor for energy storage; the expansion unit is connected to the generator and User connection for energy release; the LNG utilization circuit includes a second heat exchanger 18 and an LNG storage tank 19, through which the second heat exchanger 18 utilizes the cold capacity of the LNG storage tank 19 to condense carbon dioxide; the gaseous carbon dioxide liquefaction circuit includes The second heat exchanger 18 and the cycle compressor 20 extract the uncooled gaseous carbon dioxide at the top of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1, compress it into a liquid state in the cycle compressor 20 and flow into the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank after being cooled by the second heat exchanger 18 1.
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