CN114033516B - Liquid compressed air energy storage method and system for coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid compressed air energy storage method and system coupled with a high back pressure heating unit. The system of the invention makes full use of the effective mass-thermal energy flow of the thermal power unit, and reduces the existing energy storage through process optimization. The electric energy consumption in the process can be realized, and energy cascade utilization and storage can be realized, so as to improve the overall energy conversion efficiency of energy storage implementation. The efficient coupling application of energy storage technology and thermal power units has been realized. The present invention can effectively couple the thermal power unit with the liquid air energy storage system, and can realize the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release on the side of the thermal power source. The energy storage system is coupled with the high back pressure heating unit, and the thermal power can be effectively utilized. The high-quality thermal energy in the unit supplements the heat of the energy storage system, which improves the inlet parameters of the energy-releasing air turbine, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system, which is helpful for promoting the consumption of renewable energy and improving the stability of the power grid. Great significance.

Description

Liquid compressed air energy storage method and system coupled with high back pressure heating unit

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of steam turbine power generation, and in particular relates to a liquid compressed air energy storage method and system coupled with a high back pressure heating unit.

Background technique

At present, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation are rapidly emerging, but the intermittent and random nature of renewable energy will have a great impact on the power grid, which will also seriously restrict its further development and the safety and stability of the entire power grid.

Energy storage facilities can provide smooth power generation output, shave peaks and fill valleys, and realize the coordinated development between intermittent renewable energy sources and the grid. Further, through the addition of energy storage facilities on the power generation side, multiple functions such as enhancing unit regulation capabilities, effectively supporting renewable energy grid connection, and providing backup capacity can be realized. In addition, the combination of thermal power units and energy storage facilities can partially compensate for the slow response time of thermal power units. With the gradual improvement of the flexible auxiliary service market, thermal power units can also maximize their flexibility through energy storage to maximize economic benefits.

According to the existing technology types, energy storage is mainly divided into mechanical energy storage (pumped water storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage), electrochemical energy storage (sodium-sulfur battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-chromium battery) and electromagnetic energy storage (superconducting magnetic energy storage) three types. However, at present, there are only two methods of pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage that can realize MW-level large-scale energy storage. The pumped storage method is greatly constrained by terrain conditions, and there may be a risk of freezing when the temperature in the north is particularly low. The energy storage density of gaseous compressed air energy storage is relatively low, requiring large storage spaces such as salt caverns and caves, so it will also be restricted by terrain conditions. The technology of liquid air energy storage can achieve relatively high energy storage density by liquefying air, has a small storage space, and is not restricted by geographical conditions, so it has gained more and more attention.

The existing liquid air energy storage technology is mainly combined with renewable energy power generation systems, and there are few studies on the combination with thermal power unit systems. The energy storage system is coupled with the high back pressure heating unit, which can effectively use the thermal energy in the thermal power unit to supplement the heat of the energy storage system, and improve the inlet parameters of the energy release air turbine to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, to provide a liquid compressed air energy storage method and system coupled with high back pressure heating units, which can realize the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release on the thermal power source side, and utilize thermal power high The exhaust steam of the back pressure unit and the extraction steam at the passage of the steam turbine regenerate and supplement the heat of the energy storage system, which can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of the energy storage system.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heating unit, including the steam turbine unit, the medium pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected to the extraction steam through the pipeline, and the heat storage heat exchanger and the back pressure driven small steam turbine are used. , the exhaust steam from the flow part of the steam turbine group is connected to the high back pressure exhaust steam through the pipeline to use the heat storage heat exchanger;

The steam extraction uses the thermal medium outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger to be connected through the pipeline. The steam extraction uses the high-temperature working medium storage tank, and the steam extraction uses the working medium of the high-temperature working medium storage tank as a heat source. The steam extraction is used to release heat through the pipeline connection The steam extraction uses the energy release heat exchanger to release the heat, and the outlet of the working medium is connected to the low temperature working medium storage tank for the steam extraction, and the low temperature working medium storage tank for the steam extraction is connected to the heat storage heat exchanger for the steam extraction;

The back pressure-driven small steam turbine is connected to the multi-stage intercooler compressor, the heat source circulation circuit of the multi-stage intercooler compressor is connected to the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger, and the outlet of the heat working medium of the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger passes through the pipeline Connect the compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank, the compressed air outlet of the multi-stage intercooler compressor is connected to the liquefaction heat exchanger, the liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the low-temperature expander, the low-temperature expander is connected to the vapor-liquid separator, and the vapor-liquid separator is connected to the storage tank. The liquid tank and the liquid storage tank are connected to the vaporization heat exchanger, and the working fluid of the high-temperature working fluid storage tank is used as a heat source to connect to the vaporization heat exchanger. The heat utilization low-temperature working fluid storage tank is connected to the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger, and the heated liquid outlet in the vaporization heat exchanger is connected to the high back pressure exhaust gas utilization energy release heat exchanger through the pipeline;

High back pressure exhaust uses the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger to connect through pipelines High back pressure exhaust uses high temperature working medium storage tank, high back pressure exhaust uses high temperature working medium storage tank as heat source High back pressure exhaust uses energy release heat exchanger, and high back pressure exhaust uses energy release heat exchanger. The heated working medium outlet of the energy heat exchanger is connected to the energy release heat exchanger for extraction and utilization of steam through pipelines, and the air outlet of the energy release heat exchanger for extraction and utilization of steam is connected to the multi-stage energy storage and power generation steam turbine.

The low temperature expander is connected to the low temperature expander generator.

The steam turbine unit is connected to the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger through a high back pressure exhaust steam utilization pipeline.

The medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit connects the extraction steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger and the back pressure driven small steam turbine through the extraction steam utilization heat storage pipeline.

The exhaust steam from the flow part of the steam turbine unit is connected to the high back pressure condenser, and the high back pressure condenser is connected to the condensate water system;

The high back pressure exhaust steam uses the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger to connect the condensate water system through the pipeline;

Steam extraction uses the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger to connect to the condensate water system through pipelines.

The steam turbine unit includes a boiler. The main steam of the boiler is connected to the high-pressure cylinder of the thermal power steam turbine through the pipeline, and the reheat steam of the boiler is connected to the medium-pressure cylinder of the thermal power steam turbine through the pipeline. Connect the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the medium-pressure cylinder of the thermal power steam turbine and the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through pipelines to connect the extraction steam to use the heat storage heat exchanger and the back pressure driven small steam turbine.

Working method of liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heating unit, including energy storage process and energy release process;

The energy storage process includes the following steps:

S11, steam is extracted from the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit, and is divided into two parts. The first part of steam is sent to the heat storage heat exchanger for steam extraction and heat exchange with the high-temperature heat storage medium. After heat exchange, The high-temperature heat-storage working medium is sent into steam extraction and stored in a high-temperature working medium storage tank. The second part of the steam drives the back-pressure-driven small steam turbine to drive the multi-stage intercooler compressor. The exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is sent to the high-back-pressure exhaust steam for utilization. In the heat storage heat exchanger, heat exchange is carried out with the high-temperature heat storage working medium, and the heat energy is stored in the high back pressure exhaust steam after the heat exchange, and the high-temperature working medium storage tank is used;

S12, the multi-stage intercooler compressor compresses the air to a high-pressure state, and the high-pressure air exchanges heat with the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger, and stores the heat after heat exchange in the high-temperature working medium storage tank for compression heat utilization;

S13, the compressed air after heat exchange enters the liquefaction heat exchanger to absorb cold energy, and cools down to enter a cryogenic state;

S14, the compressed air in the cryogenic state passes through the low-temperature expander and the vapor-liquid separator, and is liquefied into liquid air and stored in the liquid storage tank, while the unliquefied compressed air performs S13;

The energy storage process includes the following steps:

S21, the liquefied air in the liquid storage tank enters the vaporization heat exchanger for recuperative heating, and the circulating working fluid as the heat source in the vaporization heat exchanger is compression heat. The circulating working medium after heat release in the device enters the low-temperature working medium storage tank for compression heat utilization;

S22, the liquefied air heated up and vaporized in the vaporization heat exchanger enters the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger, and the liquefied air is stored in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization The waste heat of the exhaust steam in the high-temperature working fluid storage tank can be heated up for the second time, and the high-back pressure exhaust steam uses the circulating working fluid after heat release in the energy-releasing heat exchanger to enter the high-back pressure exhaust steam and utilizes the high-temperature working medium storage tank;

S23, the liquefied air after the second temperature rise enters the steam extraction heat storage heat exchanger, and the steam extraction heat storage heat exchanger uses the heat storage energy stored in the steam extraction high temperature working medium storage tank to expand the liquefied air The third temperature rise is to improve the working ability of the liquefied air, and the circulating working fluid after heat release in the heat storage heat exchanger is used to enter the low-temperature working medium storage tank for steam extraction;

S24, the liquefied air heated up three times enters the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine, expands in the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine, and supplies power to the outside.

The exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is sent to the high back pressure condenser, and the condensed water of the high back pressure condenser flows into the condensate water system.

The high back pressure exhaust steam is condensed into condensed water after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger, and then poured into the condensed water system.

Steam extraction uses the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger to condense into condensed water and enter the condensed water system.

Compared with the prior art, the system of the present invention makes full use of the effective mass-thermal energy flow of the thermal power unit, reduces the electric energy consumption in the existing energy storage process through process optimization, and realizes cascade utilization and storage of energy, improving The overall energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage implementation. The efficient coupling application of energy storage technology and thermal power units has been realized. The present invention can effectively couple the thermal power unit with the liquid air energy storage system, and can realize the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release on the side of the thermal power source. The energy storage system is coupled with the high back pressure heating unit, and the thermal power can be effectively utilized. The high-quality thermal energy in the unit supplements the heat of the energy storage system, which improves the inlet parameters of the energy-releasing air turbine, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system, which is helpful for promoting the consumption of renewable energy and improving the stability of the power grid. Great significance.

In the working method of the present invention, the energy storage system is combined with the thermal power unit. During the energy storage process, firstly, steam is extracted from the discharge pipe of the steam turbine throughflow, and the first part and the high-temperature heat storage working medium are extracted using a heat storage heat exchanger. The heat exchange is carried out in the middle, and the heat energy is stored in the steam extraction using the high-temperature working medium storage tank. The second part drives the back pressure steam turbine to drive the multi-stage intercooler compressor, and then the split part of the high back pressure unit exhausts the steam through the high back pressure exhaust. The steam utilization pipeline and the high-temperature heat storage medium are used for heat exchange in the high back pressure exhaust steam, and the heat energy is stored in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization high temperature medium storage tank; the compressed air is further exchanged through liquefaction. After the heater forms liquefied air, it is stored in a low-temperature liquid tank. When releasing energy, the collected compression heat in the multi-stage compression process and the stored heat energy are used to raise the temperature to enhance the working ability of the energy-releasing air turbine. .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine; 2. High back pressure exhaust steam using energy release heat exchanger; 3. High back pressure exhaust steam using high temperature working fluid storage tank; 4. High back pressure exhaust steam using low temperature working fluid Storage tank; 5. Heat storage heat exchanger for high back pressure exhaust steam; 6. High back pressure exhaust steam utilization pipeline; 7. High temperature working medium storage tank for steam extraction; 8. Low temperature working medium storage tank for steam extraction; 9. Energy release heat exchanger for steam extraction; 10. Heat storage heat exchanger for steam extraction; 11. Heat storage pipeline for steam extraction; 12. Back pressure driven small steam turbine; 13. Multi-stage intercooler compressor; 14 1. Multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger; 15. Compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank; 16. Compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank; 17. Vapor-liquid separator; 18. Liquefaction heat exchanger; 19. Low-temperature expansion 20. Low temperature expander generator; 21. Liquid storage tank; 22. Evaporation heat exchanger; 23. High pressure cylinder of thermal power steam turbine; 24. Medium pressure cylinder of thermal power steam turbine; 25. Boiler; 26. High back pressure condenser ; 27, steam turbine low-pressure cylinder.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, a liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with a high back pressure heating unit includes a steam turbine unit, and the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected to the extraction steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10 and the back steam utilization heat storage pipeline 11 through the steam extraction utilization heat storage pipeline 11. The pressure-driven small steam turbine 12, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine group flow part is connected to the high back pressure exhaust steam through the pipeline and utilizes the heat storage heat exchanger 5;

The steam extraction uses the thermal medium outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger 10 to connect the steam extraction with the high-temperature working medium storage tank 7, and the steam extraction uses the working medium of the high-temperature working medium storage tank 7 as a heat source through the pipeline connection. Energy heat exchanger 9, steam extraction uses energy release heat exchanger 9, the outlet of the working medium after heat release is connected to steam extraction and low-temperature working medium storage tank 8, and steam extraction uses low-temperature working medium storage tank 8 to connect extraction and use heat storage for heat exchange device 10;

The back pressure-driven small steam turbine 12 is connected to the multi-stage intercooling compressor 13, and the heat source circulation circuit of the multi-stage intercooling compressor 13 is connected to the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger 14, and the thermal engineering of the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger 14 The gas outlet is connected to the high-temperature working fluid storage tank 15 for the use of compression heat through pipelines, the compressed air outlet of the multi-stage intercooler compressor 13 is connected to the liquefaction heat exchanger 18, and the liquefaction heat exchanger 18 is connected to the low-temperature expander 19, which is connected to the low-temperature expander 19. The gas-liquid separator 17 and the low-temperature expander 19 are connected to the low-temperature expander generator 20 . The vapor-liquid separator 17 is connected to the liquid storage tank 21, the liquid storage tank 21 is connected to the vaporization heat exchanger 22, the working medium of the high-temperature working medium storage tank 15 is used as a heat source to connect to the vaporization heat exchanger 22, and the working medium outlet of the vaporization heat exchanger 22 passes through The pipeline is connected to the low-temperature working medium storage tank 16 for the compression heat, and the low-temperature working medium storage tank 16 for the compression heat is connected to the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger 14, and the heated liquid outlet in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 is connected to the high back through the pipeline Compression exhaust utilizes energy release heat exchanger 2;

High back pressure exhaust utilizes the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger 5 and connects the high back pressure exhaust utilizes the high temperature working medium storage tank 3 through the high back pressure exhaust utilize pipeline 6, and the high back pressure exhaust utilizes the high temperature working medium The working medium of the mass storage tank 3 is used as a heat source to connect the high back pressure exhaust steam to utilize the energy release heat exchanger 2, and the high back pressure exhaust steam utilizes the energy release heat exchanger 2 to connect the heat source outlet in the high back pressure exhaust steam to utilize the low temperature through pipelines The working medium storage tank 4, the high back pressure exhaust steam uses the heated working medium outlet of the energy release heat exchanger 2 to connect the steam extraction with the energy release heat exchanger 9 through pipelines, and the steam extraction uses the air outlet of the energy release heat exchanger 9 Connect the steam turbine 1 for multi-stage energy storage power generation.

The exhaust steam from the flow part of the steam turbine unit is connected to the high back pressure condenser 26, and the high back pressure condenser 26 is connected to the condensation water system; Condensate water system; use the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger 10 to connect the condensate water system through pipelines for steam extraction.

The steam turbine unit includes a boiler 25, the main steam of the boiler 25 is connected to the high pressure cylinder 23 of the thermal power steam turbine through the pipeline, the reheat steam of the boiler 25 is connected to the medium pressure cylinder 24 of the thermal power steam turbine through the pipeline, and the high pressure cylinder 23 of the thermal power steam turbine is connected to the medium pressure cylinder of the thermal power steam turbine 24. The medium-pressure cylinder 24 of the thermal power steam turbine is connected to the low-pressure cylinder 27 of the steam turbine. The medium-pressure exhaust steam of the medium-pressure cylinder 24 of the thermal power steam turbine and the low-pressure cylinder 27 of the steam turbine is connected through pipelines to extract steam and use the heat storage heat exchanger 10 and the back pressure driven small steam turbine. 12.

Working method of liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heating unit, including energy storage process and energy release process;

The energy storage process includes the following steps:

S11, the steam is extracted from the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit, and is divided into two parts. The first part of the steam is sent to the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10, and performs heat exchange with the high-temperature heat storage medium. After the heat exchange The high-temperature heat-storage working medium is sent to the steam extraction and stored in the high-temperature working medium storage tank 7, the second part of steam drives the back pressure-driven small steam turbine 12 to drive the multi-stage intercooler compressor 13, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is sent to the high-background The pressure exhaust steam uses the heat storage heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat storage working medium, and after heat exchange, the heat energy is stored in the high-back pressure exhaust steam and the high-temperature working medium storage tank 3 is used; the exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is sent into In the high back pressure condenser 26, the condensed water in the high back pressure condenser 26 flows into the condensed water system. The high back pressure exhaust steam utilizes the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger 5 to be condensed into condensed water and poured into the condensed water system. The extracted steam utilizes the heat-exchanged steam in the heat storage heat exchanger 10 to condense into condensed water and enter into the condensed water system.

S12, the multi-stage intercooler compressor 13 compresses the air to a high-pressure state, and the high-pressure air exchanges heat with the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger 14, and stores the heat after heat exchange in the compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 15 middle;

S13, the compressed air after heat exchange enters the liquefaction heat exchanger 18 to absorb cold energy, and cools down to enter a cryogenic state;

S14, the compressed air in the cryogenic state passes through the low-temperature expander 19 and the vapor-liquid separator 17, is liquefied into liquid air and stored in the liquid storage tank 21, and the unliquefied compressed air executes S13;

The energy storage process includes the following steps:

S21, the liquefied air in the liquid storage tank 21 enters the vaporization heat exchanger 22 for regenerative heating, and the circulating working fluid as a heat source in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 uses the compression heat collected in the high-temperature working medium storage tank 15 for compression heat , the circulating working fluid after heat release in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 enters the low-temperature working medium storage tank 16 for use of compression heat;

S22, the liquefied air heated up and vaporized in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 enters the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger 2, and the liquefied air is stored in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger 2. The exhaust steam utilizes the waste heat energy of the exhaust steam in the high-temperature working fluid storage tank 3 to carry out the second temperature rise, and the high-back pressure exhaust steam utilizes the circulating working fluid after heat release in the energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 to enter the high-back pressure exhaust steam and utilizes the high-temperature working medium quality storage tank 4;

S23, the liquefied air after the second temperature rise enters the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10, and the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10 utilizes the heat storage energy stored in the extraction steam utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 7 to heat the liquefied air. The third temperature rise before expansion is used to improve the working ability of the liquefied air, and the circulating working medium after heat release in the heat storage heat exchanger 10 is used to enter the low-temperature working medium storage tank 8 for steam extraction;

S24, the liquefied air heated up three times enters the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine 1, expands in the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine 1, and supplies power to the outside.

After the energy storage process starts, most of the flow from the middle row of the through-flow stage of the thermal power unit exchanges heat with the heat storage medium in the steam extraction heat storage heat exchanger, and stores high-quality heat in the high temperature working medium of the extraction steam utilization In the storage tank, the steam releases heat to form a hydrophobic backflow to the steam turbine thermal system. The second part drives the back-pressure steam turbine to push the multi-stage intercooler compressor, and then splits part of the exhaust steam of the high back-pressure unit. The heat exchanger performs heat exchange, and stores heat energy in a high-back pressure exhaust steam using a high-temperature working fluid storage tank; the compressed air is further passed through the liquefaction heat exchanger to form liquefied air, which is then stored in a low-temperature liquid tank. The collected heat of compression in the multi-stage compression process and the stored heat energy are used to increase the temperature, so as to enhance the working ability of the energy-releasing air turbine.

During the energy release process, the liquefied air in the cryogenic liquid tank is sucked into the cryopump to increase the pressure. First, the collected heat of compression in the multi-stage compression process is used for reheating in the vaporization heat exchanger, and the temperature is raised to vaporize. Utilize the exhaust steam heat of the high back pressure unit and the heat storage energy of the steam extraction of the steam turbine to increase the temperature of the inlet of the steam turbine for power generation and improve the working ability of the compressed air. Then the compressed air enters the steam turbine for energy storage and power generation, expands in the steam turbine to do work, and supplies power to the outside.

The existing liquid air energy storage technology has little research on the combination of thermal power unit system. The invention can realize the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release on the side of the thermal power source, the energy storage system is coupled with the high back pressure heating unit, and the high-quality thermal energy in the thermal power unit can be effectively used to supplement the heat of the energy storage system, improving the efficiency of the energy storage system. The import parameters of the energy-releasing air turbine are clarified, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system can be improved, which is of great significance for promoting the consumption of renewable energy and improving the stability of the power grid.

Claims (10)

1. A liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with a high back pressure heating unit, characterized in that it includes a steam turbine unit, and the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected through a pipeline to extract steam and utilize the heat storage heat exchanger (10) and the back pressure Driven small steam turbine (12), the exhaust steam from the flow part of the steam turbine group is connected to the high back pressure exhaust steam through the pipeline and utilizes the heat storage heat exchanger (5); The steam extraction utilizes the hot working medium outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger (10) through pipeline connection, and the steam extraction utilizes the high-temperature working medium storage tank (7), and the steam extraction uses the high-temperature working medium storage tank (7) as a heat source through the pipe The road is connected to the steam extraction using the energy release heat exchanger (9), and the outlet of the working medium after the heat release of the steam extraction is used to release the heat from the energy release heat exchanger (9) is connected to the extraction steam using the low temperature working medium storage tank (8), and the steam extraction is using the low temperature working medium The mass storage tank (8) is connected with the heat storage heat exchanger (10) for steam extraction; The back pressure-driven small steam turbine (12) is connected to the multistage intercooling compressor (13), and the heat source circulation circuit of the multistage intercooling compressor (13) is connected to the multistage compression heat collection heat exchanger (14), and the multistage compression heat The hot working medium outlet of the collecting heat exchanger (14) is connected to the high-temperature working medium storage tank (15) for compressing heat utilization through pipelines, and the compressed air outlet of the multistage intercooling compressor (13) is connected to the liquefaction heat exchanger (18), The liquefaction heat exchanger (18) is connected to the low-temperature expander (19), and the low-temperature expander (19) is connected to the vapor-liquid separator (17), and the vapor-liquid separator (17) is connected to the liquid storage tank (21), and the liquid storage tank (21 ) is connected to the vaporization heat exchanger (22), the compression heat utilizes the working medium of the high-temperature working fluid storage tank (15) as a heat source to connect the vaporization heat exchanger (22), and the working medium outlet of the vaporization heat exchanger (22) is connected through a pipeline The compression heat utilizes the low-temperature working fluid storage tank (16), and the compression heat utilizes the low-temperature working fluid storage tank (16) to connect the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger (14), and the heated liquid outlet in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) passes through The pipeline is connected to the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger (2); High back pressure exhaust utilizes the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger (5) and connects through pipelines High back pressure exhaust utilizes the high temperature medium storage tank (3) The working medium of (3) is used as a heat source to connect the high back pressure exhaust steam to the energy release heat exchanger (2), and the high back pressure exhaust steam uses the energy release heat exchanger (2) to connect the heat source outlet in the high back pressure exhaust heat exchanger (2) through pipelines. The low-temperature working medium storage tank (4) is used for the steam, and the heated working medium outlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger (2) is used for the high-back pressure exhaust steam, and the heated working medium outlet is connected to the steam extraction through the energy-releasing heat exchanger (9). The air outlet of the energy release heat exchanger (9) is connected to the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine (1). 2. The liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heating units according to claim 1, characterized in that the low temperature expander (19) is connected to the low temperature expander generator (20). 3. The liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heat supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, the steam turbine unit and the high back pressure exhaust steam use heat storage heat exchanger (5) through a high back pressure Exhaust steam is connected with pipeline (6). 4. The liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heating units according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected to the steam extraction utilization heat storage pipeline (11) A heat exchanger (10) and a back pressure driven small steam turbine (12). 5. The liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heating units according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust steam from the flow part of the steam turbine unit is connected to a high back pressure condenser (26), and the high back pressure condenser The vaporizer (26) is connected to the condensation water system; The high back pressure exhaust steam uses the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger (5) to connect the condensate water system through the pipeline; Steam extraction utilizes the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger (10) to connect to the condensate water system through pipelines. 6. The liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with high back pressure heating units according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam turbine unit includes a boiler (25), and the main steam of the boiler (25) is connected to the high-pressure thermal power steam turbine through a pipeline. cylinder (23), the reheated steam of the boiler (25) is connected to the thermal power steam turbine medium pressure cylinder (24) through the pipeline, the thermal power steam turbine high pressure cylinder (23) is connected to the thermal power steam turbine medium pressure cylinder (24), and the thermal power steam turbine medium pressure cylinder ( 24) Connect the low-pressure cylinder (27) of the steam turbine, the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the medium-pressure cylinder (24) of the thermal power steam turbine and the low-pressure cylinder (27) of the steam turbine through pipelines to connect the extraction steam and use the heat storage heat exchanger (10) and the back pressure drive type Small steam turbine (12). 7. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes an energy storage process and an energy release process; The energy storage process includes the following steps: S11, steam is extracted from the medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit, and is divided into two parts. The first part of steam is sent to the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium, and the heat The exchanged high-temperature heat-storage working medium is sent to the steam extraction and stored in the high-temperature working medium storage tank (7), and the second part of the steam drives the back-pressure-driven small steam turbine (12) to drive the multi-stage intercooler compressor (13), and the steam turbine The exhaust steam of the group is sent to the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange with the high temperature heat storage working medium, and the heat energy is stored in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization high temperature working fluid storage after heat exchange. tank(3); S12, the multi-stage intercooler compressor (13) compresses the air to a high-pressure state, and the air in the high-pressure state exchanges heat with the multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger (14), and stores the heat after heat exchange in the compression heat and utilizes the high-temperature process In the mass storage tank (15); S13, the compressed air after heat exchange enters the liquefaction heat exchanger (18) to absorb cold energy, and cools down to enter a cryogenic state; S14, the compressed air in the cryogenic state passes through the low-temperature expander (19) and the vapor-liquid separator (17), and is liquefied into liquid air and stored in the liquid storage tank (21), while the unliquefied compressed air performs S13; The energy storage process includes the following steps: S21, the liquefied air in the liquid storage tank (21) enters the vaporization heat exchanger (22) for regenerative heating, and the circulating working fluid as the heat source in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) is the high-temperature working fluid storage tank ( 15), the heat of compression collected in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) enters the heat of compression and utilizes the low-temperature working medium storage tank (16); S22, the liquefied air heated up and vaporized in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) enters the energy release heat exchanger (2) for high back pressure exhaust steam, and the liquefied air uses the energy release heat exchanger (2) for high back pressure exhaust steam Utilize the waste heat energy of the exhaust steam stored in the high-back pressure exhaust steam in the high-temperature working fluid storage tank (3) to carry out the second temperature rise, and the high back-pressure exhaust steam utilizes the cycle work after the heat release in the energy-releasing heat exchanger (2) The refrigerant enters the high back pressure exhaust steam and utilizes the low-temperature working fluid storage tank (4); S23, the liquefied air after the secondary temperature rise enters the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10), and the extraction steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) utilizes the storage tank (7) for the extraction steam utilization high-temperature working medium The thermal energy heats up the liquefied air for the third time before it expands to improve the working ability of the liquefied air, and the circulating working medium after heat release in the heat storage heat exchanger (10) is used to enter the low-temperature working medium storage tank for steam extraction ( 8); S24, the liquefied air heated up three times enters the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine (1), expands in the multi-stage energy storage power generation steam turbine (1), and supplies power to the outside. 8. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heating unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is sent into the high back pressure condenser (26), and the high back pressure The condensed water in the back pressure condenser (26) flows into the condensed water system. 9. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heating unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the high back pressure exhaust steam utilizes the heat exchanged in the heat storage heat exchanger (5) The exhaust steam is condensed into condensed water and poured into the condensed water system. 10. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heating unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the extracted steam is condensed into The condensed water flows into the condensed water system.

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