CN110355394B - A high-precision pneumatic chuck structure - Google Patents
A high-precision pneumatic chuck structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110355394B CN110355394B CN201910767066.6A CN201910767066A CN110355394B CN 110355394 B CN110355394 B CN 110355394B CN 201910767066 A CN201910767066 A CN 201910767066A CN 110355394 B CN110355394 B CN 110355394B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- pneumatic
- bearing
- rotating shaft
- chuck
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035924 thermogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/02—Chucks
- B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
- B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
- B23B31/16—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving radially
- B23B31/16287—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving radially using fluid-pressure means to actuate the gripping means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高精度气动卡盘结构，安装于机床的法兰盘上，包括与法兰盘固定连接的转轴、设置在转轴前部的气动组件、设置在气动组件上的卡盘组件以及设置在转轴后部的通气轴承，通气轴承采用空气静压轴承，在转轴内设置通气槽，通气槽连通气动组件与空气静压轴承；空气静压轴承通入的空气一部分在空气静压轴承内形成气膜，另一部分通过通气槽进入气动组件实现对卡盘组件的驱动。由于气体薄膜的均化效应，可以进一步提高回转精度，而且大幅降低了机械轴承的形状误差对卡盘的回转精度和转动平稳性的影响；同时在空气静压轴承中，由于采用气膜将卡盘回转部分与静止部分隔开，避免了机械部件的直接接触，有效减小了运行中的摩擦力。
The present invention relates to a high-precision pneumatic chuck structure, which is installed on a flange of a machine tool, and includes a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the flange, a pneumatic assembly arranged at the front of the rotating shaft, a chuck assembly arranged on the pneumatic assembly, and a vent bearing arranged at the rear of the rotating shaft. The vent bearing adopts an air static pressure bearing, and a vent groove is arranged in the rotating shaft, and the vent groove connects the pneumatic assembly and the air static pressure bearing; a part of the air introduced into the air static pressure bearing forms an air film in the air static pressure bearing, and the other part enters the pneumatic assembly through the vent groove to drive the chuck assembly. Due to the homogenization effect of the gas film, the rotation accuracy can be further improved, and the influence of the shape error of the mechanical bearing on the rotation accuracy and rotation stability of the chuck is greatly reduced; at the same time, in the air static pressure bearing, since the air film is used to separate the rotating part of the chuck from the stationary part, direct contact of mechanical parts is avoided, and the friction during operation is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool chuck production and manufacturing, in particular to a high-precision pneumatic chuck structure.
Background
The pneumatic chuck is a mechanical device for clamping a workpiece by utilizing radial movement of movable claws uniformly distributed on the chuck, and is often installed on a lathe, an internal grinder and an external grinding machine for use. With the development of ultra-precise machining and manufacturing technology, the requirements of a plurality of high-tech products on the machining precision of an ultra-precise machining machine tool are higher and higher, and the pneumatic chuck has the advantages of high clamping efficiency, high clamping precision, simple chuck structure and the like, so that the pneumatic chuck is widely used in high-precision turning and grinding machining.
The rotation of the chuck is driven by the connection of the flange plate and the workpiece spindle, an external compressed air source enters an air chamber of the chuck through an air passage connector part, the air passage connector is a static part, and the air passage connector reduces friction between a rotating part and a static part of the chuck by adopting a bearing technology. As a chuck directly connected to the spindle, the accuracy of the rotation determines to a large extent the rotation error of the workpiece end at high rotational speeds. In addition to the machining accuracy of the chuck itself, the bearing technology employed in the airway connector portion also largely determines the accuracy of the rotation of the chuck.
The conventional contact type rolling bearing is widely used in an air chuck to reduce friction of a stationary part and a rotating part thereof, and is difficult to achieve extremely high machining precision due to its own structure, thereby generating vibration during rotation to reduce the rotation precision of the chuck. Creep occurs during low-speed operation, and the rotational accuracy of the workpiece end is also reduced due to thermal deformation of the chuck portion caused by frictional heat generation of the bearing during long-time high-speed rotation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-precision pneumatic chuck structure which realizes high-precision rotation of the chuck, has small vibration, does not generate creeping phenomenon at low speed and does not generate friction heat generation at high speed.
The technical scheme includes that the high-precision pneumatic chuck structure is arranged on a flange plate of a machine tool and comprises a rotating shaft fixedly connected with the flange plate, a pneumatic assembly arranged at the front part of the rotating shaft, a chuck assembly arranged on the pneumatic assembly and a ventilation bearing arranged at the rear part of the rotating shaft, wherein the ventilation bearing adopts an aerostatic bearing, a ventilation groove is formed in the rotating shaft and is communicated with the pneumatic assembly and the aerostatic bearing, one part of air introduced by the aerostatic bearing forms an air film in the aerostatic bearing, and the other part of air enters the pneumatic assembly through the ventilation groove to realize driving of the chuck assembly.
Further specifically, the aerostatic bearing comprises an air floatation guide rail and an air floatation bearing coaxially arranged with the air floatation guide rail, wherein a plurality of orifices with axial thrust and radial supporting functions are arranged on the air floatation bearing.
Further specifically, the pneumatic assembly comprises a pneumatic shell taking the rotating shaft as the center, a pneumatic piston arranged in the pneumatic shell and sleeved on the rotating shaft, a front cover arranged on the pneumatic shell, and a return spring arranged between the front cover and the pneumatic piston, wherein an air chamber is formed between the pneumatic shell and the pneumatic piston, and the air vent groove is communicated with the air chamber.
Further specifically, the throttle hole comprises a plurality of radial throttle holes which are radially arranged, an axial throttle hole which is communicated with the radial throttle holes and an annular air supply groove which is communicated with the radial throttle holes, and an air inlet hole is arranged on the annular air supply groove.
Further specifically, the annular air supply groove is an annular groove arranged on the cylindrical surface of the air bearing, and a sealing ring is arranged on the annular groove.
Further specifically, a groove is formed in the inner side of the front cover, and the reset spring is located in the groove.
Further specifically, the rotating shaft, the air floating guide rail and the pneumatic shell are integrally formed.
Further specifically, the chuck assembly comprises a power wedge block which is arranged on the front cover and can slide, a claw which is arranged on the power wedge block and a convex wedge which is arranged on the pneumatic piston and is matched with the power wedge block, wherein the convex wedge obliquely extends out in a direction far away from the rotating shaft.
The invention has the advantages that after the structure is adopted, due to the homogenization effect of the gas film, compared with a pneumatic chuck utilizing the traditional mechanical contact bearing, the pneumatic chuck can further improve the rotation precision, greatly reduce the influence of the shape error of the ball or the roller in the mechanical bearing on the rotation precision and the rotation stability of the chuck, and simultaneously, in the aerostatic bearing, due to the adoption of the gas film to separate the rotation part of the chuck from the static part, the direct contact of the mechanical part is avoided, the friction force in the operation is effectively reduced, and the creeping phenomenon is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a of fig. 1.
The device comprises a flange plate 1, a rotating shaft 3, an air vent groove 4, an air floating guide rail 5, an air floating bearing 6, an air housing 7, an air piston 8, a front cover 9, a return spring 10, an air chamber 11, a power wedge block 12, a claw 13, a cam block 51, a radial orifice 52, an axial orifice 53, an annular air vent groove 54 and an air inlet hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The high-precision pneumatic chuck structure is shown in fig. 1, is arranged on a flange plate 1 of a machine tool and comprises a rotating shaft 2 fixedly connected with the flange plate 1, a pneumatic assembly arranged at the front part of the rotating shaft 2, a chuck assembly arranged on the pneumatic assembly and a ventilation bearing arranged at the rear part of the rotating shaft 2, wherein the ventilation bearing adopts an aerostatic bearing, a ventilation groove 3 is formed in the rotating shaft 2, the ventilation groove 3 is communicated with the pneumatic assembly and the aerostatic bearing, one part of air introduced by the aerostatic bearing forms an air film in the aerostatic bearing, the other part of air enters the pneumatic assembly through the ventilation groove 3 to realize driving of the chuck assembly, and the adjustment and the shape of the chuck assembly are realized through ventilation to the aerostatic bearing, so that the rotation precision is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the aerostatic bearing comprises an air flotation guide rail 4 and an air flotation bearing 5 coaxially arranged with the air flotation guide rail 4, the air flotation guide rail 4 is fixed on a flange plate 1 to rotate along with the flange plate 1, a plurality of throttle holes with axial thrust and radial supporting functions are arranged on the air flotation bearing 5, a plurality of axial throttle holes 52 are uniformly arranged around the axial core of the air flotation bearing 5 in the axial direction, 8 groups of axial throttle holes 52 are arranged in the scheme, each group has 1, the axial throttle holes 52 are through holes, and openings at two sides of the axial throttle holes are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the flange plate 1 and a pneumatic assembly; the radial throttle holes 51 are arranged in the radial direction of the air bearing 5, 8 groups of 3 radial throttle holes 51 are arranged in the radial direction of the air bearing 5, the radial throttle holes 51 are communicated with the axial throttle holes 52 in the same radial plane, meanwhile, in order to ensure the communication between all the radial throttle holes 51 and the axial throttle holes 52, the air bearing 5 is provided with an annular air supply groove 53, the annular air supply groove 53 is communicated with one radial throttle hole 51 in each radial plane, the annular air supply groove 53 is provided with at least one air inlet hole 54 to realize air inlet, the annular air supply groove 53 is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the air bearing 5 to form an annular groove for processing conveniently, a sealing ring is arranged on the annular groove to realize the function of the annular air supply groove 53, the radial throttle holes 51 are processed into a through hole which is positioned on one side of the cylindrical surface of the air bearing 5, the air supply groove is cleaned conveniently, air entering from the air inlet hole 54 passes through the radial throttle holes 51 to form an air film between the air bearing 5 and the air guide rail 4, and the air bearing 5 after passing through the axial throttle holes 52, the air film is arranged between the air bearing 5 and the air bearing 1 and the flange plate, an air film is formed between the air bearing 5 and the pneumatic assembly.
The pneumatic assembly comprises a pneumatic shell 6 taking a rotating shaft 2 as the center, a pneumatic piston 7 arranged in the pneumatic shell 6 and sleeved on the rotating shaft 2, a front cover 8 arranged on the pneumatic shell 6, a return spring 9 arranged between the front cover 8 and the pneumatic piston 7, wherein an air chamber 10 is formed between the pneumatic shell 6 and the pneumatic piston 7, the air chamber 10 is communicated with the air vent groove 3, the air chamber 10 is arranged on one side close to the flange plate 1, the air chamber 10 is an annular space, the air vent grooves 3 are communicated into the air chamber 10, in order to conveniently position the return spring 9, 3 grooves are formed in the front cover 8, the return spring 9 is fixed in the grooves in a one-to-one correspondence manner, during operation, an air hydrostatic bearing is ventilated, air enters the air vent groove 3 along an orifice, the air vent groove 3 is ventilated into the air chamber 10, air pressure in the air chamber 10 is increased, the air piston 7 moves towards one side far away from the flange plate 1 and compresses the return spring 9 at the moment, the operation of clamping the chuck assembly is realized, during non-operation, the air pressure in the air chamber 10 is stopped, the air chamber 10 is reduced, the return spring 7 is enabled to be in the initial position of the air chuck assembly is restored, and the operation is realized.
The chuck assembly comprises a power wedge 11, a claw 12 and a cam 13, wherein the power wedge 11 is arranged on a front cover 8 and can slide, the claw 12 is arranged on the power wedge 11, the cam 13 is arranged on a pneumatic piston 7 and matched with the power wedge 11, the cam 13 obliquely extends out in a direction far away from a rotating shaft 2, 3 groups of chuck assemblies are arranged and uniformly distributed on the front cover 8 around the rotating shaft, when the pneumatic piston 7 drives the cam 13 to be close to the power wedge 11, the cam 13 enables the power wedge 11 to move towards the center of the rotating shaft 2, the power wedge 11 drives the claw 12 to move towards the center of the rotating shaft 2 so as to clamp a workpiece, and when the pneumatic piston 7 drives the cam 13 to be far away from the power wedge 11, the cam 13 enables the power wedge 11 and the claw 12 to be far away from the center of the rotating shaft 2 so as to loosen the workpiece.
Based on the structure, for convenient installation, the rotating shaft 2, the air floatation guide rail 4 and the pneumatic shell 6 are integrally formed, and during installation, only corresponding parts are required to be installed, so that the installation efficiency is improved.
To sum up, to current air chuck, the present case adopts aerostatic bearing to replace current mechanical contact bearing, because the homogenization error effect of air film, it is little to shake than traditional mechanical contact bearing, and the gyration precision is high, and under the low rotational speed operating mode, the phenomenon of crawling can not appear, also can not produce the friction thermogenesis phenomenon under the high-speed operating mode, has greatly increased the gyration precision, improves the machining precision.
It should be emphasized that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910767066.6A CN110355394B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | A high-precision pneumatic chuck structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910767066.6A CN110355394B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | A high-precision pneumatic chuck structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110355394A CN110355394A (en) | 2019-10-22 |
| CN110355394B true CN110355394B (en) | 2025-01-07 |
Family
ID=68224026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910767066.6A Active CN110355394B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | A high-precision pneumatic chuck structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110355394B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110778823A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Two-way air flotation rotary joint |
| CN112719329B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-01-11 | 宁波中大力德智能传动股份有限公司 | Stacked slice chuck |
| CN118808688B (en) * | 2024-09-18 | 2024-11-29 | 浙江晶鸿精密机械制造有限公司 | Electric spindle and its maintenance method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202317093U (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-07-11 | 吴红 | Chuck for machine tool |
| CN110039330A (en) * | 2019-05-25 | 2019-07-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of high thrust enclosed gas-static turntable |
| CN210435395U (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2020-05-01 | 江苏集萃精凯高端装备技术有限公司 | High-precision pneumatic chuck structure |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2817532A (en) * | 1955-10-20 | 1957-12-24 | Woodworth Co N A | Expansion arbor with inclined flats |
| US3145997A (en) * | 1962-02-28 | 1964-08-25 | Moses David | Work gripping chuck |
| DE4316085C1 (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1994-05-05 | Steinel Bernhard Werkzeugmasch | Multi-jaw chuck with common actuator - has actuator spring-loaded for positioning and initial clamping and locked by more powerful ram |
| JPH0724582U (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-05-09 | エスエムシー株式会社 | 3-jaw parallel open / close chuck with pusher |
| DE50004660D1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2004-01-15 | Forkardt Schweiz Ag Effretikon | Method and device for dynamic lubrication of a power chuck |
| CN101543897B (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-12-08 | 江苏无锡建华机床附件集团有限公司 | Front-mounted pneumatic chuck |
| CN203875368U (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-10-15 | 常州精卡机械有限公司 | Pneumatic wedge-type power chuck |
| CN104190959B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-07-06 | 杭州电子科技大学 | There is the Aerostatic Spindle of turn error monitoring function |
-
2019
- 2019-08-20 CN CN201910767066.6A patent/CN110355394B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202317093U (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-07-11 | 吴红 | Chuck for machine tool |
| CN110039330A (en) * | 2019-05-25 | 2019-07-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of high thrust enclosed gas-static turntable |
| CN210435395U (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2020-05-01 | 江苏集萃精凯高端装备技术有限公司 | High-precision pneumatic chuck structure |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110355394A (en) | 2019-10-22 |
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