CN110354877B - 己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇的催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种己二酸还原制备1,6‑己二醇的催化剂,其包括活性组分、过渡金属、磷和载体,所述活性组分为Ru,所述过渡金属为Co,Cu,Ni,Fe,Mo和Zn中的至少一种,所述载体为多孔结构材料,如硅藻土、活性炭等。首先配置含有上述任一种过渡金属的可溶性盐和磷盐的混合溶液,向溶液中通入惰性气体,形成以惰性气体气泡为模板的气液界面;然后向混合溶液中缓慢滴加一定浓度的NaBH4溶液,随后迅速加入催化剂活性组分;将反应后的混合液加入载体,反应一段时间,水洗涤至中性,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态催化剂。该催化剂成本低,己二酸的转化率高达90%,1,6‑己二醇的产率能够达到65%,取得了较好的技术效果,具有较好的工业化前景。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及催化剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种惰性气泡模板法制备的能够将己二酸一步法合成1,6-己二醇的催化剂。
背景技术:
二醇在工业上有着重要的地位,它们作为原料应用于各种精细化学品,药品的材料和可生物降解的聚合物。1,6-己二醇(HDO)是不可或缺的化工原料之一,HDO可与有机酸、异氰酸盐、酸酐反应可形成不同类型的衍生物,亦可用于合成己内酯/己内酰胺和聚合物,如聚酯,聚氨酯和各种粘合剂,以提高制品的机械强度、抗水解性、耐热性、耐化学试剂性等性能。以HDO为原料制得的聚氨酯、聚酯、涂料等材料环保性能优异,随着人类环保意识日益增强,及相关标准日趋严格,推广应用环境友好材料是必然趋势;因此HDO的全球市场预计将从2016年的7.278亿美元增长到2021年的10.422亿美元,具有较高的市场需求量。
按照反应物的不同,目前HDO的合成路线主要分为以下几类:其一是以生物质碳水化合物为原料即由5-HMF加氢合成1,6-己二醇,HDO可以从两种途径获得:DHMTHF中间体的开环或5-HMF的直接开环。在第一种途径的情况下,目的产物的选择性和催化剂的活性需要进一步改进,据报道基于Rh-Re晶态催化剂有望用于DHMTHF的开环;与DHMTHF中间体的四氢糠基环开环相比,HMF的直接开环基于催化剂Pd/SiO2+IrReOx/SiO2。但是由于合成方法工艺路线太长,生产成本过高,或者存在选择性不高等问题,制约了它们的工业化进展。其二是以化工产品己二酸为原料,HDO亦从两种途径获得,由一步法(己二酸直接还原制备1,6-己二醇)和两步法(己二酸与甲醇酯化合成己二酸二甲酯再进一步加氢合成1,6-己二醇)。与两步法相比较,一步法具有原料简便易得,生产成本较低,简化反应操作流程,减少反应时间等优点。
随着对合成1,6-己二醇过程的不断深入研究与探索,己二酸直接合成1,6-己二醇的技术难题正在被逐渐攻克,相关成果也逐渐被报道出来。江嘉伟等人应用己二酸一步法合成1,6-己二醇,晶态硅酸盐负载的铜盐催化剂,产率大约在87%左右。Murphy VincentJ.;Dias Eric L.等人由己二酸一步法由Pt-W催化剂合成1,6-己二醇,产率大约为83%。专利CN104549254A公开了一种以Ru、Re、In和Ir作为活性组分制备的催化剂,以上方法尽管实现了由脂肪族二羧酸到脂肪族二醇的直接氢化还原。但上述催化剂都是选用价格昂贵的贵金属作为原料,成本高,且重复使用性较差。为此,本发明通过过渡金属、磷和钌复配得到一种价格较低的非晶态合金催化剂,其能够有效将己二酸还原成1,6-己二醇,己二酸的转化率高达90%,1,6-己二醇的产率能够达到65%。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于寻求一种己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇的催化剂及其制备方法,其解决了现有己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇的催化剂,制备成本较高的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇的催化剂,包括活性组分、过渡金属、磷和载体,所述活性组分为Ru,所述过渡金属为Co,Cu,Ni,Fe,Mo和Zn中的至少一种,所述载体为多孔结构材料,如硅藻土、活性炭等。
作为其优选方案,所述过渡金属为Zn,Cu和Co中至少一种。
作为更优选方案,所述过渡金属为Co。
作为最优选的技术方案,以质量计所述催化剂中各金属的质量比为Ru:Co:P=1:(3~50):(3~50)。其中Ru在催化剂中含量优选为5wt%。
上述己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇催化剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)、配置过渡金属盐和磷盐的混合溶液,向溶液中通入惰性气体,在溶液表面形成以惰性气体气泡为模板的气液界面;
(2)、向混合溶液中缓慢滴加一定浓度的NaBH4溶液,随后迅速加入催化剂活性组分,反应一段时间;
(3)、将反应后的混合液加入载体,继续反应一段时间,水洗涤至中性,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态催化剂,反应的整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
所述过渡金属盐包括但不限于CoCl2·6H2O、CuCl2·6H2O、NiCl2·6H2O、FeCl2·6H2O、Na2MoO4·2H2O、ZnCl2等含有上述过渡金属的可溶性盐。所述磷盐为Na2HPO4或NaH2PO4。
己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇的方法,以水为溶剂,在上述催化剂的催化作用下,在6.5Mpa,120~350℃的反应条件下,己二酸与氢气反应5-12h,生成1,6-己二醇。过程中催化剂:己二酸:水=(0.05~0.1):1:(2~15)。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:(1)以过渡金属和磷为原料,与贵金属Ru一起制作催化剂,降低了催化剂的制作成本;(2)引入磷元素,改变催化剂的晶形结构,得到催化效果更好的非静态催化剂,同时先将过渡金属盐和磷盐还原,然后迅速还原制备Ru,通过对反应进程的控制进一步优化催化剂的非晶态结构;(3)制备过程中持续通入惰性气体,形成以惰性气体气泡为模板的气液界面,形成气液界面的反应场所,提高催化剂的性能;(4)NaBH4在反应的过程中会释放氢气,缓慢滴加有利于气液界面的形成,避免一次性加入导致团聚情况的发生;(5)己二酸的转化率高达90%,1,6-己二醇的产率能够达到65%,取得了较好的技术效果,具有较好的工业化前景。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1在惰性气泡营造气液界面制备的非晶态RuCoP表面结构图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例和说明书附图对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)将NaH2PO4和CoCl2·6H2O溶于50mL水,其中NaH2PO4为320mg,CoCl2·6H2O为270mg,随后通入氮气并搅拌;
(2)将20mL 0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入到上述溶液中,随后迅速加入1mL20mg·mL-1RuCl3·nH2O,反应1h左右,然后加入亲水改性的活性炭,继续进行还原反应并在活性炭上生成Ru、Co和P三种物质的催化剂,反应2~12h,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态RuCoP/C催化剂。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。所述活性炭为在常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的活性炭。
实施例2-6
实施例2-6催化剂制备过程中除过渡金属盐(见表1)与实施例1不同外,其他步骤均与实施例相同。
实施例7
(1)将NaH2PO4、CoCl2·6H2O和RuCl3·nH2O溶于50mL水,其中NaH2PO4为320mg,CoCl2·6H2O为270mg,RuCl3·nH2O为20mg,随后通入氮气并搅拌;
(2)将20mL 0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入上述溶液,反应1h左右,再加入活性炭,继续反应2~12h,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,过滤,干燥,得到晶态RuCoP催化剂。所述活性炭为在常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的活性炭。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
实施例8
(1)将NaH2PO4和CoCl2·6H2O溶于50mL水,其中NaH2PO4为100.7mg,CoCl2·6H2O为81mg,随后通入氮气并搅拌;
(2)将20mL 0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入上述溶液,随后迅速加入1mL20mg·mL-1RuCl3·nH2O,反应1h左右,再加入常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的的活性炭,反应2-12h,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态RuCo0.2P0.2/C催化剂。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
实施例8
(1)将NaH2PO4和CoCl2·6H2O溶于50mL水,其中NaH2PO4为151mg,CoCl2·6H2O为121.5mg随后通入氮气并搅拌;
(2)将20mL0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入上述溶液;随后迅速加入1mL20mg·mL-1RuCl3·nH2O,反应1h左右,再加入常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的的活性炭,反应2-12h,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态RuCo0.3P0.3/C催化剂。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
对比例1
将1mL 20mg·mL-1RuCl3·nH2O溶于50mL水,随后通入氮气并搅拌,将20mL0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入上述溶液中,反应1h左右,再加入常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的活性炭,持续反应一段时间,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,得到晶态Ru催化剂。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
对比例2
将RuCl3·3H2O和CoCl2·6H2O溶于50mL水,其中NaH2PO4为320mg,CoCl2·6H2O为270mg,随后通入氮气并搅拌,将20mL 0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入加入上述溶液,反应1h左右,再加入常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的活性炭,反应2~12h,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,得到晶态RuCo催化剂。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
对比例3
将NaH2PO4溶于50mL水,其中NaH2PO4为320mg,随后通入氮气并搅拌;将20mL0.2mol·L-1还原剂NaBH4逐滴缓慢加入上述溶液中;随后迅速加入1mL 20mg·mL- 1RuCl3·nH2O,反应1h左右,再加入常温下,采用3%过氧化氢和硝酸混合溶液处理24h的活性炭,持续反应2-12h,水洗涤到中性后干燥过夜,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态RuP催化剂。整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面。
采用以下方法对实施例1-8及对比例1-3制备的催化剂进行评价:
在间歇式反应器内加入0.2g己二酸固体,70mL去离子水及上述0.1g催化剂,密封在反应器中。先通入N2将反应器内的残余空气排出反复操作三次,再通入H2吹扫三次。然后通过H2将反应器加压至6.5MPa左右,一旦系统达到设定温度240℃,开启搅拌。将该点设定为开始(t=0)并且以400rpm的搅拌速率开始搅拌系统,反应8h。反应结束后,冷却泄压过滤催化剂,反应液用气相色谱进行分析,具体结果如表1所示。
表1
Claims (5)
1.催化剂在催化己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇中的应用,其特征在于,该催化剂包括活性组分、过渡金属、磷和载体,所述活性组分为Ru,所述过渡金属为Co,Cu,Ni,Fe,Mo 和Zn中的至少一种,所述载体为多孔结构材料;
己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇催化剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)、配置过渡金属盐和磷盐的混合溶液,向溶液中通入惰性气体,形成以惰性气体气泡为模板的气液界面;
(2)、向混合溶液中缓慢滴加一定浓度的NaBH4溶液,随后迅速加入催化剂活性组分,反应一段时间;
(3)、将反应后的混合液加入载体,反应一段时间,水洗涤至中性,过滤,干燥,得到非晶态催化剂,反应的整个过程中一直搅拌溶液并以一定的速率持续通入惰性气体维持良好的气液界面;
己二酸还原制备1,6-己二醇的方法,以水为溶剂,在所述催化剂的催化作用下,在6.5MPa,120~350 ℃的反应条件下,己二酸与氢气反应5-12h,生成1,6-己二醇,过程中催化剂:己二酸:水=(0.05~0.1):1:(2~15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述过渡金属为Zn,Cu和Co中至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述过渡金属为Co。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,以质量计所述催化剂中Ru:Co:P=1:(10~50):(10~50)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述过渡金属盐包括所述过渡金属的可溶性盐,所述磷盐为Na2HPO4 或NaH2PO4。
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