CN110349225B - BIM model external contour rapid extraction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly extracting an external contour of a BIM (building information modeling) model, which comprises the following steps: s1, taking out three-dimensional graphic data of an original BIM model and constructing a graphic color mapping table; s2, performing dimensionality reduction on the three-dimensional graphic data, converting the three-dimensional graphic data into point data and storing the point data in a dimensionality reduction point array; s3, constructing a dimensionality reduction polygon and determining an external cube thereof according to point data stored in the dimensionality reduction point array; s4, shooting each face of the external cube through a virtual camera to obtain a corresponding picture and an RGB value of each pixel formed by the corresponding picture; and S5, acquiring the graphic information in the image color mapping table according to the RGB value in each picture, and determining the external contour of the BIM model. The method can rapidly extract the external cubes of different BIM models in batches, manual intervention is hardly required, the BIM model outline extraction process is rapid, efficient and high in accuracy, and the data management is convenient by using a computer for storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of BIM model processing, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly extracting an external contour of a BIM model.
Background
At present, the BIM model develops towards the aspect of refinement and generalization, and the model details contained in the BIM model are more and more enlarged, so that the model volume is also larger and more, and huge challenges are brought to the BIM model display based on WEB and APP. In fact, such a fine model is not required in the rendering of large scene presentations, and if model contour data can be extracted, the loading speed and the loading data will be greatly reduced.
In the prior art, the data processing of the BIM is carried out manually to obtain model contour data, the simulated contour is deducted, the model in the simulated contour is deleted, and finally the model contour data is obtained.
Therefore, the existing BIM model contour extraction method mainly has the following problems:
1. the BIM model needs to be processed manually one by one, so that the workload is huge;
2. because of adopting manual handling, the result data need be deposited alone and are unfavorable for the post management.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for rapidly extracting the external contour of the BIM provided by the invention solves the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a BIM model external contour rapid extraction method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking out three-dimensional graphic data of an original BIM model and constructing a graphic color mapping table;
s2, performing dimensionality reduction on the three-dimensional graphic data, converting the three-dimensional graphic data into point data and storing the point data in a dimensionality reduction point array;
s3, constructing a dimension reduction polygon and determining an external cube thereof according to the point data stored in the dimension reduction point group;
s4, shooting each face of the external cube through a virtual camera to obtain a corresponding picture and an RGB value of each pixel formed by the corresponding picture;
and S5, acquiring the graphic information in the image color mapping table according to the RGB value in each picture, and determining the external contour of the BIM model.
Further, the three-dimensional graphic data in the step S1 is the three-dimensional graphic data from which the additional information is removed;
the three-dimensional graphics data comprises body primitives and member primitives;
the main body picture elements comprise walls, floor slabs, roofs and stairs;
the component primitives comprise beams, columns, trusses and reinforcing steel bars;
the additional information comprises annotation primitives and reference primitives;
the annotation graphic element comprises a size annotation, a text annotation, a mark and a symbol;
the reference primitive comprises an axis network, an elevation and a reference plane.
Further, the method for constructing the graph color mapping table in step S1 specifically includes:
and (3) distributing a unique RGB value to each graphic data of the original BIM model, storing the corresponding relation between all the graphic data and the RGB values into a graphic color mapping table, and completing the construction of the graphic color mapping table.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, traversing the three-dimensional graph data, and converting vertex coordinates in the three-dimensional graph data from a local coordinate system into a whole coordinate system;
s22, converting the three-dimensional graph data into corresponding two-dimensional graph data according to the vertex coordinates of the three-dimensional graph in the overall coordinate system;
and S23, converting the two-dimensional graphic data into point data according to the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data, and storing the point data in the corresponding dimension reduction point array.
Further, the step S21 specifically includes:
the vertex coordinate O in the local coordinate system b Multiplying the transformation matrix P to obtain a vertex coordinate O b Coordinate O in a global coordinate system c ；
Wherein, the local coordinate system B = (B) 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 ) Global coordinate system C = (C) 1 ,c 2 ,c 3 )；
The transformation matrix P is:
P＝[[b 1 ] C ,[b 2 ] C ,[b 3 ] C ]
in the formula [ ·] C Converting an axis vector of the local coordinate B by using the global coordinate system C;
coordinate O in a global coordinate system c Comprises the following steps:
O c ＝P·O c 。
further, the step S22 specifically includes:
traversing the vertex data in all the graphs in the whole coordinate system, setting the Z-axis value of the vertex data of each graph in the three-dimensional coordinate to be 0, enabling the Z-axis values of the three-dimensional coordinates of all the vertex data to be the same, and converting the three-dimensional graph data into corresponding two-dimensional graph data.
Further, the graphic types in the step S23 include points, lines and faces;
when the graph type of the two-dimensional graph data is a point, directly storing the point data in a corresponding dimension reduction point array;
when the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data is a line, the method for converting the two-dimensional graphic data into the dot data specifically comprises the following steps:
taking out the line segments forming the line, and judging whether the length of each line segment is greater than 10% of the total length of the line;
if so, splitting the corresponding line segment according to the middle point until the lengths of all the line segments are less than 10% of the total length of the line, and storing the point data of the two end points of each line segment in a dimension reduction point array;
if not, storing the point data of the two end points corresponding to the line segment in the dimensionality reduction point array;
when the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data is a surface, the method for converting the two-dimensional graphic data into the point data specifically comprises the following steps:
and taking out all vertex data forming the surface, processing the vertex data through a Graham scanning algorithm to determine a convex hull formed by the vertex data, and storing all the vertex data forming the convex hull in the dimensionality reduction point array.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes:
taking out all point data stored in the dimensionality reduction point array, calculating a dimensionality reduction polygon formed by all points, stretching the dimensionality reduction polygon on a Z axis, and amplifying the stretched dimensionality reduction polygon according to the proportion of 20 percent to obtain a corresponding external cube;
when the dimension reduction polygon is stretched on the Z axis, stretching by taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertex coordinates of all three-dimensional figures in the integral coordinate system on the Z axis as boundaries;
and the vertex coordinate is the vertex coordinate before the dimensionality reduction of the three-dimensional graph data.
Further, the step S5 specifically includes:
and according to the RGB values in the shot picture, taking out corresponding graphs from the graph color mapping table, placing corresponding positions in the picture, combining all the taken graphs according to the positions to obtain the external contour of the BIM model, and realizing the rapid extraction of the external contour of the BIM model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for rapidly extracting the external outline of the BIM model can rapidly extract external cubes of different BIM models in batches, manual intervention is hardly needed, the BIM model outline extraction process is rapid, efficient and high in accuracy, and meanwhile, a computer is used for storing and data management is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a BIM model outer contour fast extraction method provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the effect of forming a convex hull (dimension-reduced polygon) by using a Graham scanning algorithm according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional graphics data of an original BIM model in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a conversion result of converting three-dimensional graphics data into point data by dimension reduction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a dimension-reduced polygon of a BIM model obtained by a Graham scanning algorithm according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of shooting when an external cube is shot by a virtual camera in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an external contour of a BIM model obtained by the method of the present invention in the embodiment provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for rapidly extracting an external contour of a BIM model includes the following steps:
s1, taking out three-dimensional graph data of an original BIM model and constructing a graph color mapping table;
s2, performing dimensionality reduction on the three-dimensional graphic data, converting the three-dimensional graphic data into point data and storing the point data in a dimensionality reduction point array;
s3, constructing a dimension reduction polygon and determining an external cube thereof according to the point data stored in the dimension reduction point group;
s4, shooting each face of the external cube through a virtual camera, and acquiring a corresponding picture and an RGB value of each pixel;
when the external cube is shot, the bottom surface of the external cube does not need to be shot, because the bottom does not need to be checked when the external outline of the BIM model is actually checked;
and S5, acquiring the graphic information in the image color mapping table according to the RGB value in each picture, and determining the external contour of the BIM model.
The three-dimensional graphic data in the step S1 is the three-dimensional graphic data from which the additional information is removed;
the three-dimensional graphic data is primitive data and comprises a main body primitive and a component primitive; the main body elements comprise walls, floor slabs, roofs, stairs and the like and represent main body components in an actual building; the component primitives comprise beams, columns, trusses, reinforcing steel bars and the like;
the additional information is non-graphic primitives including annotation primitives and reference primitives; the annotation graphic element comprises a size annotation, a text annotation, a mark, a symbol and the like; the reference primitive comprises an axis net, an elevation, a reference plane and the like.
The method for constructing the graph color mapping table in the step S1 specifically includes:
and (3) distributing a unique RGB value to each graphic data of the original BIM model, storing the corresponding relation between all the graphic data and the RGB values into a graphic color mapping table, and completing the construction of the graphic color mapping table.
The different colors are distinguished in the computer by the values of three colors of red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
The step S2 is specifically:
s21, traversing the three-dimensional graph data, and converting vertex coordinates in the three-dimensional graph data from a local coordinate system into a whole coordinate system;
s22, converting the three-dimensional graph data into corresponding two-dimensional graph data according to the vertex coordinates of the three-dimensional graph in the overall coordinate system;
and S23, converting the two-dimensional graphic data into point data according to the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data, and storing the point data in the corresponding dimension reduction point array.
The step S21 is specifically:
the vertex coordinate O in the local coordinate system b Multiplying the obtained product by a conversion matrix P to obtain a vertex coordinate O b Coordinate O in a global coordinate system c ；
Wherein, the local coordinate system B = (B) 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 ) Global coordinate system C = (C) 1 ,c 2 ,c 3 )；
The transformation matrix P is:
P＝[[b 1 ] C ,[b 2 ] C ,[b 3 ] C ]
in the formula [ ·] C Converting an axis vector of the local coordinate B by using the global coordinate system C;
coordinate O in global coordinate system c Comprises the following steps:
O c ＝P·O c 。
[·] C the calculation process of (2) is as follows:
is provided with
Thus defining
To solve these three equations simultaneously, [ b ] will 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 ]Is expanded to a coefficient matrix and is simplified,
the basic knowledge of linear algebra is obtained by using a Gaussian elimination method:
[c 1 ,c 2 ,c 3 |b 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 ]→[I|[b 1 ] C ,[b 2 ] C ,[b 3 ] C ]
wherein I is an identity matrix, [ b ] 1 ] C ,[b 2 ] C ,[b 3 ] C To a transformation matrix P.
The step S22 is specifically:
traversing the vertex data in all the graphs in the whole coordinate system, setting the Z-axis value of the vertex data of each graph in the three-dimensional coordinate to be 0, enabling the Z-axis values of the three-dimensional coordinates of all the vertex data to be the same, and obtaining three-dimensional graph data which is converted into corresponding two-dimensional graph data.
The graphic types in the step S23 include points, lines, and planes;
when the graph type of the two-dimensional graph data is a point, directly storing the point data in a corresponding dimension reduction point array;
when the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data is a line, the method for converting the two-dimensional graphic data into the dot data specifically comprises the following steps:
taking out the line segments forming the line, and judging whether the length of each line segment is greater than 10% of the total length of the line;
if so, splitting the corresponding line segment according to the middle point until the lengths of all the line segments are less than 10% of the total length of the line, and storing the point data of the two end points of each line segment in a dimension reduction point array;
if not, storing the point data of the two end points corresponding to the line segment in the dimensionality reduction point array;
when the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data is a surface, the method for converting the two-dimensional graphic data into the dot data specifically comprises the following steps:
and taking out all vertex data forming the surface, processing the vertex data through a Graham scanning algorithm to determine a convex hull formed by the vertex data, and storing all the vertex data forming the convex hull in the dimensionality reduction point array.
The step S3 is specifically:
taking out all point data stored in the dimensionality reduction point array, calculating a dimensionality reduction polygon formed by all points, stretching the dimensionality reduction polygon on a Z axis, and amplifying the stretched dimensionality reduction polygon according to the proportion of 20 percent to obtain a corresponding external cube;
when the dimension-reduced polygon is stretched on the Z axis, stretching by taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertex coordinates of all three-dimensional figures in the integral coordinate system on the Z axis as boundaries;
the vertex coordinates are the vertex coordinates of the three-dimensional graphic data before dimensionality reduction, and the minimum value and the maximum value determine the stretching height of the three-dimensional graphic data.
The step S5 is specifically:
and according to the RGB values in the shot picture, taking out corresponding graphs from the graph color mapping table, placing corresponding positions in the picture, combining all the taken graphs according to the positions to obtain the external contour of the BIM model, and realizing the rapid extraction of the external contour of the BIM model.
The Convex Hull (Convex Hull) used in the BIM outer contour extraction process is a concept in calculating geometry (graphics). In a real vector space V, for a given set X, the intersection S of all convex sets containing X is called the convex hull of X. The convex hull of X may be constructed with a convex combination of all points (X1.. Xn) within X; in general, a convex hull is a convex polygon formed by connecting outermost points, and can contain all the points in a point set.
In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an implementation of the Graham scanning algorithm:
(1) Firstly, selecting a reference point P0 from points to be subjected to convex hull calculation, wherein the reference point P0 is selected as the point with the minimum ordinate under the condition of the minimum abscissa;
(2) Translating the coordinates of all the points once, and taking P0 as an origin;
(3) Calculating the argument alpha of each point and P0, sequencing the points according to the angle in the order from small to large, putting the sequencing result into a point position array, and putting P0 into the first position; when α is the same, the row closer to P0 is in front;
(4) And taking the first point P0 and the second point P1 from the point position array and putting the first point P0 and the second point P1 into the stack.
(5) The point following P1, i.e., P2, is fetched, and P2 is taken as the current point.
(6) Connecting the point P0 with the stack top to obtain a straight line L;
judging whether the current point is on the right or the left of the straight line L;
if it is at the right of the straight line, executing step (7);
step (8) is performed if on the straight line, or to the left of the straight line.
(7) If on the right, then the top element is not a point on the convex hull, the top element is popped, and step (4) is performed.
(8) And (4) pressing the current point which is a point on the convex hull into the stack, and executing the step (9).
(9) Checking whether the current point is the last element in the point location array;
is the last element to end;
and if the point behind the current point is not taken as the current point, returning to the step (6).
As shown in fig. 2, is a convex hull pattern formed by the above algorithm.
In another embodiment of the present invention, effect graphs are provided for each stage in the external contour extraction process of a building's BIM model:
(1) The three-dimensional graphic data of the original BIM model is taken out and is shown in FIG. 3;
(2) Reducing the dimension of the three-dimensional graphic data and converting the three-dimensional graphic data into point data, wherein the conversion result is shown in figure 4;
(3) Obtaining a dimensionality reduction polygon (convex hull) by using a Graham scanning algorithm as shown in FIG. 5;
(4) Processing the dimension reduction polygon to obtain an external cube, and shooting through a virtual camera as shown in fig. 6; wherein the arrow direction is the shooting direction of the virtual camera;
(5) The external contour of the BIM model obtained by comparing the RGB values of the photographed picture with the graph color mapping table, extracting the corresponding graph and combining the extracted graph is shown in fig. 7.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method for rapidly extracting the external outline of the BIM model can rapidly extract external cubes of different BIM models in batches, manual intervention is hardly needed, the BIM model outline extraction process is rapid, efficient and high in accuracy, and meanwhile, a computer is used for storing and data management is convenient.
Claims (7)
1. A BIM model external contour rapid extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, taking out three-dimensional graphic data of an original BIM model and constructing a graphic color mapping table;
s2, performing dimensionality reduction on the three-dimensional graphic data, converting the three-dimensional graphic data into point data and storing the point data in a dimensionality reduction point array;
s3, constructing a dimension reduction polygon and determining an external cube thereof according to the point data stored in the dimension reduction point group;
s4, shooting each face of the external cube through a virtual camera to obtain a corresponding picture and an RGB value of each pixel formed by the corresponding picture;
s5, acquiring graphic information in an image color mapping table according to the RGB value in each picture, and determining the external contour of the BIM;
the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, traversing the three-dimensional graph data, and converting vertex coordinates in the three-dimensional graph data from a local coordinate system into a whole coordinate system;
s22, converting the three-dimensional graph data into corresponding two-dimensional graph data according to the vertex coordinates of the three-dimensional graph in the overall coordinate system;
s23, converting the two-dimensional graphic data into point data according to the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data, and storing the point data in a corresponding dimension reduction point array;
the graph types in the step S23 comprise points, lines and surfaces;
when the graph type of the two-dimensional graph data is a point, directly storing the point data in a corresponding dimension reduction point array;
when the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data is a line, the method for converting the two-dimensional graphic data into the dot data specifically comprises the following steps:
taking out the line segments forming the line, and judging whether the length of each line segment is greater than 10% of the total length of the line;
if yes, splitting the corresponding line segment according to the middle point until the lengths of all the line segments are less than 10% of the total length of the line, and storing the point data of the two end points of each line segment in a dimension reduction point array;
if not, storing the point data of the two end points corresponding to the line segment in the dimensionality reduction point array;
when the graphic type of the two-dimensional graphic data is a surface, the method for converting the two-dimensional graphic data into the point data specifically comprises the following steps:
and taking out all vertex data forming the surface, processing the vertex data through a Graham scanning algorithm to determine a convex hull formed by the vertex data, and storing all the vertex data forming the convex hull in the dimensionality reduction point array.
2. The BIM model outer contour fast extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional graphic data in step S1 is three-dimensional graphic data from which additional information is removed;
the three-dimensional graphics data comprises body primitives and member primitives;
the main body primitives comprise walls, floor slabs, roofs and stairs;
the component primitives comprise beams, columns, trusses and reinforcing steel bars;
the additional information comprises annotation primitives and reference primitives;
the annotation graphic element comprises a size annotation, a text annotation, a mark and a symbol;
the reference primitive comprises an axis network, an elevation and a reference plane.
3. The BIM model outer contour fast extraction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the graph color mapping table in the step S1 specifically comprises:
and (3) distributing a unique RGB value to each graphic data of the original BIM model, storing the corresponding relation between all the graphic data and the RGB values into a graphic color mapping table, and completing the construction of the graphic color mapping table.
4. The method for rapidly extracting the BIM model outer contour according to claim 1, wherein the step S21 is specifically:
coordinate O of vertex in local coordinate system b Multiplying the transformation matrix P to obtain a vertex coordinate O b Coordinate O in global coordinate system c ；
Wherein, the local coordinate system B = (B) 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 ) Global coordinate system C = (C) 1 ,c 2 ,c 3 )；
The transformation matrix P is:
P＝[[b 1 ] C ,[b 2 ] C ,[b 3 ] C ]
in the formula [ ·] C Converting an axis vector of the local coordinate B by using the global coordinate system C;
coordinate O in a global coordinate system c Comprises the following steps:
O c ＝P·O c 。
5. the BIM model outer contour fast extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the step S22 specifically comprises:
traversing the vertex data in all the graphs in the whole coordinate system, setting the Z-axis value of the vertex data of each graph in the three-dimensional coordinate to be 0, enabling the Z-axis values of the three-dimensional coordinates of all the vertex data to be the same, and obtaining three-dimensional graph data which is converted into corresponding two-dimensional graph data.
6. The BIM model outer contour fast extraction method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S3 is specifically:
taking out all the point data stored in the dimensionality reduction point array, calculating a dimensionality reduction polygon formed by all the points, stretching the dimensionality reduction polygon on a Z axis, and amplifying the stretched dimensionality reduction polygon according to the proportion of 20% to obtain a corresponding external cube;
when the dimension-reduced polygon is stretched on the Z axis, stretching by taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertex coordinates of all three-dimensional figures in the integral coordinate system on the Z axis as boundaries;
and the vertex coordinate is the vertex coordinate before the dimensionality reduction of the three-dimensional graph data.
7. The method for rapidly extracting the BIM model outer contour according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 specifically comprises:
and according to the RGB value in the shot picture, taking out the corresponding picture from the picture color mapping table, placing the corresponding position in the picture, combining all the taken-out pictures according to the position to obtain the external contour of the BIM model, and realizing the rapid extraction of the external contour of the BIM model.
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