CN110333449B - Lead-acid battery residual capacity calculation method and monitoring system - Google Patents
Lead-acid battery residual capacity calculation method and monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the residual electric quantity of a lead-acid battery and a monitoring system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the battery is in an idle state, calculating the residual electric quantity at the current moment in a segmented manner based on an open-circuit voltage method and the idle time of the battery; when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is smaller than the equivalent voltage of the residual electric quantity at the previous moment, calculating the residual electric quantity at the current moment by dynamically updating the discharge time; when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is greater than the equivalent voltage of the residual electric quantity at the previous moment, judging whether the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is greater than or equal to the product of the reset voltage of the battery monomer and the number of the battery monomers; and when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is equal to the equivalent voltage of the residual capacity at the previous moment, setting the residual capacity at the current moment as the residual capacity at the previous moment. The invention can dynamically update the discharge time and correct the residual electric quantity by sections by using the idle battery length, thereby providing higher measurement precision under different load working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of SOC (system on chip), in particular to a method for calculating the residual electric quantity of a lead-acid battery and a monitoring system.
Background
The current calculation methods of the forklift SOC mainly comprise the following two methods:
a. open circuit voltage + combination of empirical methods: the method has the advantages of simple algorithm and strong portability. However, the discharge time of the method is a fixed value, and is more suitable for storage vehicles; actual field data shows that for forklifts such as a balance weight vehicle and the like under different load working conditions, the battery discharge time can be different by several times, the algorithm precision is low, and a large error can occur;
b. open circuit voltage + time integration method: the method has high calculation accuracy, but has very high requirements on a controller and a sensor, complex algorithm and high threshold. The method has high requirements on the calculation performance of the controller on one hand and high requirements on the accuracy of the current sensor on the other hand, so that the hardware cost is increased; and once the accuracy of the sensor is in problem, the calculation has larger error.
In summary, the open-circuit voltage method is generally only suitable for being used when the battery is not loaded, and the calculation accuracy is higher at this time, but when the battery outputs current to drive the load, the remaining capacity can be estimated only by an empirical method, which inevitably introduces an accumulated error. When the battery is switched from the use or charging process to the idle process, the voltage of the battery can be sufficiently stabilized within a certain time, generally within 1-2 hours, and a group of curves of the voltage of the battery from the use to the idle along with the time change are shown in the attached drawing 1, so that the voltage of the idle battery is related to the idle time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method and a system for calculating the residual electric quantity of a lead-acid battery, which can dynamically update the discharge time and correct the residual electric quantity in a segmented manner by using the idle time of the battery, so that higher measurement accuracy can be provided under different load working conditions.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention discloses a method for calculating the residual capacity of a lead-acid battery, which comprises the following steps: when the battery is in an idle state, calculating the residual electric quantity at the current moment in a segmented manner based on an open-circuit voltage method and the idle time of the battery; and when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is smaller than the equivalent voltage of the residual capacity at the previous moment, calculating the residual capacity at the current moment by dynamically updating the discharge time.
Preferably, when the battery is in an idle state, the step of calculating the remaining capacity of the battery at the current time in a segmented manner based on an open-circuit voltage method and a battery idle time period specifically includes:
judging whether the residual electric quantity of the battery at the previous moment is full, if so, setting the residual electric quantity of the battery at the current moment to be full; otherwise, judging the continuous idle time of the battery;
if the continuous idle time is less than a first preset value, calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery at the current moment by using an averaging method; the average value method is to calculate the average value of the residual electric quantity at a plurality of moments before the current moment;
if the continuous idle time is longer than or equal to the first preset value and smaller than a second preset value, acquiring the remaining battery capacity at the current moment based on the sum of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method and the calculation result of the average value method; during summation, the dereferencing weight of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method is smaller than the weight of the calculation result of the average value method;
if the continuous idle time is longer than or equal to the second preset value, acquiring the remaining battery capacity at the current moment based on the sum of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method and the calculation result of the average value method; and during summation, the value weight of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method is more than or equal to the weight of the calculation result of the average value method.
Preferably, if the duration of the continuous idle time is greater than or equal to the first preset value and less than the second preset value, a certain compensation voltage is introduced when the calculation is based on an open-circuit voltage method.
Preferably, the discharge time is based on the remaining life of the battery; the remaining life indicates the number of times the battery can continue to be used.
Preferably, when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is less than the equivalent voltage of the remaining capacity at the previous moment, the remaining capacity at the current moment is calculated by dynamically updating the discharge time, which is specifically represented as:
SOC(i)＝max{SOC(i-1)-1/c,0}
where SOC (i-1) represents the remaining power at the previous time, SOC (i) represents the remaining power at the present time, and c represents the discharge time.
Preferably, c is represented by:
c＝rc*(cr+(1-cr)*res/total)/da/p*60*k
where rc represents the rated capacity of the battery; res represents the remaining battery life; total represents the total service life of the battery specified by the standard, and cr represents the ratio of the actual capacity to the rated capacity after the battery is used for total times; da represents the average current used at a number of moments before the current moment; p is a linear, quadratic or cubic equation of da; 60 represents 60 minutes; k represents a breakage coefficient.
Preferably, the method for calculating the remaining power further includes: when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is greater than the equivalent voltage of the residual electric quantity at the previous moment, judging whether the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is greater than or equal to the product of the reset voltage of the battery monomer and the number of the battery monomers;
if the residual capacity is larger than or equal to the preset value, calculating the residual capacity by adopting the following method:
SOC(i)＝min{SOC(i-1)+1％,1}
wherein SOC (i-1) represents the remaining capacity at the previous time, and SOC (i) represents the remaining capacity at the current time;
if the residual capacity is less than the preset value, calculating the residual capacity by adopting the following method:
SOC(i)＝min{SOC(i-1)+1/ct,1}
wherein ct represents a preset charging time in minutes.
Preferably, the method for calculating the remaining power further includes: and when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is equal to the equivalent voltage of the residual capacity at the previous moment, setting the residual capacity at the current moment as the residual capacity at the previous moment.
In another aspect, the present invention is a lead-acid battery monitoring system, comprising: the system comprises a lead-acid storage battery, an acquisition device, a controller and a computing platform; the acquisition device is connected with the lead-acid storage battery and is used for acquiring battery data including current, liquid level, temperature and voltage; the controller is connected with the acquisition device to receive the acquired data and send the acquired data to the computing platform; the controller or the computing platform comprises a residual electric quantity computing module; the residual electric quantity calculation module calculates the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery based on a lead-acid battery residual electric quantity calculation method; and if the residual electric quantity calculation module is arranged on the controller, the controller sends the calculated residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery to the calculation platform.
Preferably, the lead-acid battery monitoring system further comprises a display terminal connected with the computing platform; the display terminal comprises a display module; and the display module is used for displaying the lead-acid battery residual capacity calculated by the residual capacity calculation module.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the method for calculating the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery, the current collected by the current sensor is converted into the actual load working condition on the basis of an open-circuit voltage method, so that the discharge time in the using process is dynamically updated, and the calculation precision is improved;
(2) according to the method for calculating the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery, the residual life of the battery is considered when the discharge time in the using process is dynamically updated; the residual life is dynamically updated, but the current forklift SOC calculation method cannot dynamically update the residual life and is also treated as a new battery even if the method is used;
(3) according to the method for calculating the remaining electric quantity of the lead-acid battery, the calculated value of the remaining electric quantity is corrected in a segmented mode according to the idle time of the battery, the trust weight coefficients of an open-circuit voltage method and an empirical method are adjusted according to the time, the correction frequency is increased, and the calculation accumulated error is reduced;
(4) the method for calculating the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery has low requirement on hardware, can be satisfied by using a controller with general calculation performance and a current sensor with general precision, and reduces the investment cost;
(5) according to the method for calculating the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery, the measurement calculation is carried out on the basis of the lead-acid battery, and the residual electric quantity of the battery can be effectively calculated no matter whether the battery is installed on a forklift or not;
(6) the lead-acid battery monitoring system can visually display the residual electric quantity of the battery at the client, and is convenient to visually check and file.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of voltage versus time from use to idle for a lead acid battery;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for calculating remaining capacity of a lead-acid battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a battery monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a part of data content actually collected by the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a calculation result of the remaining power displayed by the display module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 3, a lead-acid battery monitoring system according to the present invention includes: the system comprises a lead-acid storage battery 10, an acquisition device 20, a controller 30 and a computing platform 40; the acquisition device 20 is connected with the lead-acid storage battery 10 and is used for acquiring battery data including current, liquid level, temperature and voltage; the controller 30 is connected with the acquisition device 20 to receive the acquired data and send the acquired data to the computing platform 40; the controller 30 includes a remaining power calculating module 301; the residual electric quantity calculating module 301 calculates the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery based on the method for calculating the residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery; the controller 30 sends the calculated remaining capacity of the lead-acid battery to the calculation platform 40.
It should be noted that the computing platform 40 may be a cloud computing platform or other backend server platforms as long as the computing needs of the present invention can be met, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
In this embodiment, the lead-acid battery monitoring system further includes a display terminal 50 connected to the computing platform 40; the display terminal 50 comprises a display module 501; the display module 501 is configured to display the remaining power of the lead-acid battery calculated by the remaining power calculation module. Specifically, the display terminal 50 includes a computer, a tablet, a mobile phone, etc., as long as the display requirements of the present invention can be met, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
Specifically, the collection device 20 includes a current sensor 201, a liquid level sensor 202, a temperature sensor 203, and a voltage collection terminal 204. The current sensor 201 is used for collecting input/output current of the lead-acid storage battery 10, and the hall current sensor 201 is generally adopted and sleeved on a negative wire harness of the storage battery 10; the liquid level sensor 202 is used for acquiring the electrolyte state of the single battery, and is essentially a section of conducting wire, when the conducting wire contacts the electrolyte of the storage battery 10, the controller 30 acquires a voltage value of about 1V, which indicates that the battery is not lack of water, and when the conducting wire cannot contact the electrolyte of the storage battery 10, the conducting wire is suspended, the controller 30 cannot acquire the voltage value, which indicates that the single battery is lack of water, and generally, the liquid level sensor 202 is only installed on one single battery near the center point of the storage battery 10, because the heat dissipation at the center of the storage battery 10 is worse, and the problems of high temperature and water shortage are more likely to occur; the temperature sensor 203 is used for collecting the internal temperature of the battery, the temperature sensor 203 is generally a thermistor, and can be directly placed between two monomers near the center of the storage battery 10, the collected temperature is the temperature between the monomers, and the temperature sensor 203 can also be directly integrated with the liquid level sensor 202 to directly collect the temperature of the electrolyte; the voltage acquisition terminal 204 is generally matched with an A/D conversion module of the controller 30 to acquire the overall voltage and half voltage of the storage battery 10 and is used for judging whether the voltage of the single battery is unbalanced or not; the controller 30 receives input signals from the sensors and the terminals, on one hand, the controller alarms through LED flashing when data exceed a set threshold value, and on the other hand, the data are uploaded to the computing platform 40 through a wireless module of the controller, wherein the wireless module can be GPRS, 3G, 4G or WIFI and the like; the computing platform 40 receives the collected data from the controller 30, performs statistical analysis and computational prediction, and displays the data to the user through the display terminal 50.
Referring to fig. 2, the method for calculating the remaining capacity of the lead-acid battery of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, whether a battery monitoring system is powered on for the first time or whether the residual electric quantity SOC (i-1) shows negative at the last moment is detected, if yes, the second step is carried out, and if not, the fifth step is carried out;
the second step, judge whether the absolute value of the battery current is smaller than 10A, enter the third step if, enter the fourth step otherwise, the purpose of this step is to judge whether the battery is in the idle state, when the general battery is idle, its current is smaller than 10A, its precision of other ordinary current sensors is generally +/-6A, therefore the requirement to the current sensor is not high;
third, the remaining power soc (i) at this time is set to min { (u/x + γ)1-uxmin)/(uxmax-uxmin) 1, where u is the cell voltage, x is the number of cells, γ1In order to compensate the battery voltage versus the idle time, γ is used in the embodiment1Has a value range of [ 0.01-0.05 ]]，uxminIs the cell voltage value of the empty-charge battery, uxmaxThese values are slightly different from battery to battery for full cell voltage values, and are available from battery manufacturers, where the min function is used to ensure that the remaining battery value is less than 100%. Note that u isxminThe value is generally 1.95, uxmaxTypically a value of 2.14. SOC (i) ═ u/x-uxmin)/(uxmax-uxmin) The method is a calculation method for acquiring the residual electric quantity by using an open circuit voltage method in the prior art;
fourthly, the residual electric quantity under the condition can not be calculated, the residual electric quantity is displayed as < - >, and the step one is carried out;
fifthly, judging whether the absolute value of the current of the battery is smaller than 10A, if so, entering the sixth step, otherwise, entering the fourteenth step;
sixthly, adding a time step to the accumulated idle time length j (initially, j is 0), wherein the time step is a data uploading period and is generally 1 min;
seventhly, judging whether the residual electric quantity SOC (i-1) at the previous moment is full, namely 100% electric quantity, if so, entering the eighth step, and if not, entering the ninth step;
eighthly, making the remaining power soc (i) at the moment equal to 100%, namely, when the battery is fully charged and is idle at the previous moment, fully charging at the moment;
ninth step, make the remaining power SOC (i) ═ min { min { ave,1}, SOC (i-1) } enter tenth step, formula
If the remaining capacity is equal to the recent periodIn this embodiment, k is the number of averaging times, and generally k is 10, when the battery system is just powered on, k is gradually increased from 1 to 10 due to insufficient historical data, a first min in the equation is used to ensure that the SOC is only decreased and cannot be increased in an idle state, and a second min in the equation is used to ensure that the remaining power is always less than 100%;
tenth, judging whether the accumulated idle time j is greater than or equal to the first preset value and smaller than a second preset value, if so, entering an eleventh step, where the first preset value and the second preset value are recommended values obtained based on a voltage stability curve and after a large number of tests, and in the embodiment, the first preset value is taken for 10 minutes; taking the second preset value for 60 minutes;
the eleventh step is to make the remaining power soc (i) min { min { (u/x + γ) } at this time2-uxmin)/(uxmax-uxmin)*μ1+(1-μ1) Ave,1}, SOC (i-1) }, and enters the twelfth step, wherein (u/x + gamma is obtained2-uxmin)/(uxmax-uxmin) To calculate the SOC by using the open circuit voltage method, in the same step three, the first min is used to ensure that the remaining power is always smaller than the remaining power at the previous time, the second min is used to ensure that the remaining power is always smaller than 100%, and the left half formula of the second min is used to weight and sum the open circuit voltage method and the average value (experience), that is, in short, μ1The calculation result of the proportional-belief open-circuit voltage method (1-mu)1) The weight coefficient is obtained by trusting the calculation result of the average value (experience), because the battery voltage is still in a stable regulation period at the moment, the trust degree of an open-circuit voltage method is lower; in this example, γ2Has a value range of [ 0.01-0.05 ]]，μ1Less than 0.5;
a twelfth step of judging whether the accumulated idle time j is greater than or equal to the second preset value, if so, entering a thirteenth step, wherein the second preset value is a recommended value obtained on the basis of a voltage stability curve and a large number of tests;
a thirteenth step of setting the remaining power soc (i) to min { min { (u/x-u) } at this timexmin)/(uxmax-uxmin)*μ2+(1-μ2)*ave,1}, SOC (i-1) }, which is similar to the eleventh step and is different in the adjustment of the weight coefficient and the cancellation of the pre-stable compensation, because the battery is accumulated for 1 hour in an idle state, the battery voltage gradually tends to be stable at the moment, and the calculation result of the battery voltage method should be more trusted, so the confidence degree is from the original mu1Is increased to mu2And confidence in the mean (experience) is from 1-mu1Down to 1-mu2While cancelling the front stability compensation gamma2This compensation value is no longer needed because the battery is idle for 1 hour; in this example,. mu.1<μ2And mu2≥0.5。
Fourteenth step, make the cumulative idle duration j return to zero, namely make j equal to 0, enter the fifteenth step, namely, leave the idle state, the cumulative j of idling will return to zero, accumulate again next time;
the fifteenth step, judgment formula [ u (i)<(SOC(i-1)*(uxmax-uxmin)+uxmin)*x]If the residual capacity is not the same as the residual capacity, entering a sixteenth step, otherwise entering a seventeenth step, wherein the left side of the formula is a battery voltage value at the moment i, and the right side is a residual capacity equivalent voltage reversely deduced according to a previous moment residual capacity SOC (i-1) and an open-circuit voltage method, so that the residual capacity is adjusted in real time to ensure accurate calculation;
sixthly, making SOC (i) ═ max { SOC (i-1) -1/c,0}, where the battery voltage is lower than the equivalent voltage of the remaining power, there are two general cases, one is a state of use of the battery, the battery voltage is pulled down when the battery is used, and the other is the excessive remaining power calculated at the previous time, both cases require the remaining power to be decreased, where max is used to ensure that the remaining power is always higher than 0, and the left side of max indicates that the remaining power is equal to the remaining power decreased by 1/c, and c is the discharge time, and is automatically obtained by the following formula:
c＝rc*(cr+(1-cr)*res/total)/da/p*60*k
where rc represents the rated capacity of the battery; res represents the remaining battery life; total represents the total life of the battery specified by the standard, and the total life of the battery specified by DIN is 1500 times; cr represents the actual capacity of the battery after total timesThe ratio of the quantity to the rated capacity can be set as a standard value of 0.8; da represents the average using current n minutes before the current time, and the suggested n is 10, and the using average current represents the average current value in the statistical using state; p is a peukert-like index, which is linearized herein to form a linear, quadratic or cubic equation with p being da, e.g. p ═ 1.5/rc da +0.7 or p ═ 0.002 da3+1.042*da2-121.3 × da + 11987)/10000; 60 represents 60 minutes; k represents the breaking coefficient and has a value range of 0.9-1]。
Specifically, the total battery life refers to the total battery life, and can be generally determined by battery design standards, such as 1500 times specified in DIN standard and 800 times specified in GB standard; the initial life refers to the used life of the lead-acid storage battery when the battery monitoring system is installed, the initial life of a new battery is zero, and an estimated value can be given to an old battery according to the past use habit; the used life refers to the sum of the number of cycle life times and the initial life of the lead-acid storage battery from the installation of the battery monitoring system; a standard charge-discharge cycle of charging to 100% and discharging to 20% is equivalent to a number of used experienced cycle lives, and a corresponding transition between the non-standard charge-discharge cycle requirement and the experienced number of cycle lives is required (see detail B below)ieA calculation formula of (c); the lost life refers to the loss of the number of the cycle life times of the storage battery due to unreasonable use, for example, it is generally considered that the number of the cycle life times of the storage battery is halved every ten degrees rise of the temperature, and the lost life is intended to tell the user that the unreasonable use of the battery causes the loss of the cycle life of the battery, and show that each lost life is caused by which abnormality; the remaining life refers to the number of cycles that the battery can continue to be used. In the present embodiment, the remaining lifetime is total lifetime-used lifetime-lost lifetime.
In this embodiment, the calculating the number of cycles of life of the battery based on the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery includes:
and (3) calculating the cycle life times corresponding to a single charge-discharge cycle as follows:
wherein, muiDODThe discharge depth corresponds to a single charge-discharge cycle; mu.sminRepresents the percentage of minimum remaining charge, μ, in a standard charge-discharge cyclemaxRepresents the percentage of maximum discharge, μ, in a standard charge-discharge cyclemin+μ max100 percent; λ is a compensation coefficient such that BieSatisfies the condition of less than or equal to mumaxIs greater than or equal to mumin(ii) a In this example,. mu.minEqual to 20%, mumaxEqual to 80%, a standard charge-discharge cycle charging to 100% and discharging to 20% is equivalent to a number of used elapsed cycle lives.
And calculating the cycle life times of the battery according to the cycle life times corresponding to the single charge-discharge cycle, wherein the cycle life times are as follows:
where m represents the number of charge and discharge cycles experienced by the battery.
In this embodiment, the loss life of the battery is calculated based on the abnormal use factor of the battery, and is expressed as follows:
L＝λ1X1+λ2X2+λ3X3+λ4X4+λ5X5+λ6X6
wherein, X1Indicating the number of lost lives due to water shortage, lambda1A weight representing a water deficit factor; x2Denotes the number of lost lives due to high temperature, λ2A weight representing a high temperature factor; x3Indicates the number of lost life times, λ, due to over-discharge3A weight representing an over-discharge factor; x4Indicating the number of lost life times due to undercharge, λ4A weight representing an undercharge; x5Indicates the number of lost life times, lambda, due to imbalance of cell voltages5Indicating cell voltage imbalanceThe weight of the factor; x6Indicates the number of lost life times, lambda, caused by too long standby6A weight representing the factor of standing too long. In this embodiment, λ2And λ3Can be divided into 1 and lambda1、λ4、λ5、λ6Has a value range of [0, 0.5 ]]。
Further, the number of lost life times X due to high temperature2Expressed by the following way:
X2＝T/30/24*Be1
wherein T represents a high temperature duration; 30 means 30 days; 24 represents 24 hours; b ise1Indicating the number of cycles experienced per month,
m represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery, and s represents the number of months of the battery (for example, the battery has been used for 3 months, s is 3); b isieIndicating the number of cycles corresponding to a single charge-discharge cycle.
Specifically, the high-temperature duration T is divided into three levels, namely, the high-temperature duration T with the temperature greater than a first preset temperature11A high temperature duration T at a temperature greater than a second predetermined temperature12A high temperature duration T at a temperature greater than a third predetermined temperature13And T11、T12And T13The linear multivariate function relationship is satisfied, and the concrete steps are as follows:
T＝k1T11+k2T12+k3T13
the first preset temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is lower than the third preset temperature; k is a radical of1、k2And k3Respectively, the influence coefficient of the temperature of the grade, k1<k2<k3. In this embodiment, the first preset temperature may be 45 degrees, the second preset temperature is 55 degrees, and the third preset temperature is 65 degrees.
Further, the number of lost life times X due to over-discharge3Expressed by the following way:
wherein m represents the number of charge and discharge cycles experienced by the battery;
clodi is represented by:
wherein j1, j2 and j3 are regression coefficients obtained from a depth of discharge and life curve, and the depth of discharge and life curve can be obtained from a manufacturer; mu.siDODDepth of discharge, mu, for a single charge-discharge cyclemaxRepresents the maximum percentage of discharge in a standard charge-discharge cycle; in this example,. mu.maxEqual to 80%, a standard charge-discharge cycle of charging to 100% and discharging to 20% is equivalent to the number of cycles of a used history, i.e. having μiDODThe over-discharge is considered to be caused when the voltage is between 80% and 100%. In this embodiment, the value range of j1 is [ -0.2, -0.1 [ ]]The value range of the j2 is [0.1, 0.2 ]]The value range of the j3 is [ -2, -1 [ ]]。
Of course, if the calculation of res is not considered, i.e. the battery is always considered as a new battery, res can be directly valued to DIN standard for a total battery life of 1500 times.
Seventeenth step, judgment formula [ u (i)>(SOC(i-1)*(uxmax-uxmin)+uxmin)*x]If the residual capacity is not the same as the residual capacity, entering into an eighteenth step, otherwise entering into a twentieth step, wherein the battery voltage is greater than the equivalent voltage of the residual capacity, which indicates that the battery is in a charging state or the calculated value of the residual capacity at the last moment is smaller, and the residual capacity needs to be increased;
eighteenth, judging whether [ u (i) > rv x ] is true, if so, entering a nineteenth step, otherwise, entering a twentieth step, wherein rv is the reset voltage of the battery monomer, generally 2.45 is taken, and x is the number of the monomer;
a nineteenth step of setting remaining power SOC (i) at this time to min { SOC (i-1) + 1%, 1}, where the battery voltage exceeds the reset voltage, indicating that the battery power is saturated, and therefore if not saturated, the battery should be fully charged at a relatively fast rate, in this example, the battery is fully charged at a rate of 1% per minute;
twentieth, making the remaining power SOC (i) ═ min { SOC (i-1) +1/ct,1}, where ct is charging time in minutes, and this value can be set as a variable to allow the user to input by himself, and can be set as 600 in general;
in the twentieth step, at this time, the remaining charge SOC (i) is set to SOC (i-1), and the remaining charge equivalent voltage is equal to the actually measured voltage.
Referring to fig. 4, the data content actually acquired by the battery monitoring system is shown, the method described in fig. 2 is used for actually calculating the acquired data through the Excel VBA (it should be noted that, when the remaining power is calculated, the calculation may be implemented through other programming languages, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited), and the calculation result is shown in fig. 5, where the SOC remaining power calculated in the embodiment of the present invention is substantially consistent with the SOC value on the forklift, which indicates the reliability of the method.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for calculating the residual capacity of a lead-acid battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the battery is in an idle state, calculating the residual electric quantity at the current moment in a segmented manner based on an open-circuit voltage method and the idle time of the battery; when the battery is in a non-idle state and the voltage of the battery acquired at the current moment is less than the equivalent voltage of the residual electric quantity at the previous moment, calculating the residual electric quantity at the current moment by dynamically updating the discharge time;
when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is smaller than the equivalent voltage of the residual capacity at the previous moment, the residual capacity at the current moment is calculated by dynamically updating the discharge time, which is specifically represented as:
SOC(i)＝max{SOC(i-1)-1/c,0}
wherein, SOC (i-1) represents the residual capacity at the previous moment, SOC (i) represents the residual capacity at the current moment, and c represents the discharge time;
the remaining capacity equivalent voltage is expressed as follows:
(SOC(i-1)*(uxmax-uxmin)+uxmin)*x
wherein x is the number of the battery cells, uxminIs the cell voltage value of the empty-charge battery, uxmaxThe voltage value of the battery monomer is full of electricity;
when the battery is in an idle state, the residual capacity at the current moment is calculated in a segmented mode based on an open-circuit voltage method and the idle time of the battery, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the residual electric quantity of the battery at the previous moment is full, if so, setting the residual electric quantity of the battery at the current moment to be full; otherwise, judging the continuous idle time of the battery;
if the continuous idle time is less than a first preset value, calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery at the current moment by using an averaging method; the average value method is to calculate the average value of the residual electric quantity at a plurality of moments before the current moment;
if the continuous idle time is longer than or equal to the first preset value and smaller than a second preset value, acquiring the remaining battery capacity at the current moment based on the sum of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method and the calculation result of the average value method; during summation, the dereferencing weight of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method is smaller than the weight of the calculation result of the average value method;
if the continuous idle time is longer than or equal to the second preset value, acquiring the remaining battery capacity at the current moment based on the sum of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method and the calculation result of the average value method; and during summation, the value weight of the calculation result of the open-circuit voltage method is more than or equal to the weight of the calculation result of the average value method.
2. The method for calculating the residual capacity of the lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein if the continuous idle time is greater than or equal to the first preset value and less than a second preset value, a certain compensation voltage is used for calculation based on an open-circuit voltage method.
3. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge time is based on a battery remaining life; the remaining life indicates the number of times the battery can continue to be used.
4. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity calculation method according to claim 3, wherein c is represented by:
c＝rc*(cr+(1-cr)*res/total)/da/p*60*k
where rc represents the rated capacity of the battery; res represents the remaining battery life; total represents the total service life of the battery specified by the standard, and cr represents the ratio of the actual capacity to the rated capacity after the battery is used for total times; da represents the average current used at a number of moments before the current moment; p is a linear, quadratic or cubic equation of da; 60 represents 60 minutes; k represents a breakage coefficient.
5. The method for calculating the remaining capacity of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the remaining capacity further comprises: when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is greater than the equivalent voltage of the residual electric quantity at the previous moment, judging whether the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is greater than or equal to the product of the reset voltage of the battery monomer and the number of the battery monomers;
if the residual capacity is larger than or equal to the preset value, calculating the residual capacity by adopting the following method:
SOC(i)＝min{SOC(i-1)+1％,1}
wherein SOC (i-1) represents the remaining capacity at the previous time, and SOC (i) represents the remaining capacity at the current time;
if the residual capacity is less than the preset value, calculating the residual capacity by adopting the following method:
SOC(i)＝min{SOC(i-1)+1/ct,1}
wherein ct represents a preset charging time in minutes.
6. The method for calculating the remaining capacity of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the remaining capacity further comprises: and when the battery voltage acquired at the current moment is equal to the equivalent voltage of the residual capacity at the previous moment, setting the residual capacity at the current moment as the residual capacity at the previous moment.
7. A lead-acid battery monitoring system comprising: the system comprises a lead-acid storage battery, an acquisition device, a controller and a computing platform; the acquisition device is connected with the lead-acid storage battery and is used for acquiring battery data including current, liquid level, temperature and voltage; the controller is connected with the acquisition device to receive the acquired data and send the acquired data to the computing platform; the controller or the computing platform is characterized by comprising a residual electric quantity computing module; the residual capacity calculation module calculates the residual capacity of the lead-acid battery based on the method of any one of claims 1 to 6; and if the residual electric quantity calculation module is arranged on the controller, the controller sends the calculated residual electric quantity of the lead-acid battery to the calculation platform.
8. The lead-acid battery monitoring system of claim 7, further comprising a display terminal connected to the computing platform; the display terminal comprises a display module; and the display module is used for displaying the lead-acid battery residual capacity calculated by the residual capacity calculation module.
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| CN111123110A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 北京经纬恒润科技有限公司 | Method and device for calculating residual discharge energy of battery |
| CN111077458A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 视航机器人（佛山）有限公司 | Forklift battery state monitoring method and device, embedded equipment and storage medium |
| CN111308382B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-04-19 | 厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司 | Method for quantitatively evaluating capacity imbalance degree of battery system |
| CN113030743B (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2022-11-08 | 广西电网有限责任公司南宁供电局 | Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior |
| CN117890813B (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-06-11 | 江苏慕林智造科技股份有限公司 | Battery electric quantity detection method and detection system based on dynamic load condition |
| CN118549826B (en) * | 2024-05-22 | 2024-11-08 | 浙江博来电子科技有限公司 | A lead-acid SOC detection method and storage medium thereof |
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