CN110318428B - Open-type shield machine suitable for prefabrication and assembly of shallow underwater tunnels - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses an open shield machine suitable for prefabrication and assembly of underwater shallow buried tunnels, comprising: a front shield body, a jacking device, a screw conveyor and a rear shield body, wherein the top of the rear shield body is open, and an open support cabin is arranged on the top thereof, and the open support cabin is connected to the rear shield body below; the top of the open support cabin is open, and the top is higher than the water surface; the upper end of the screw conveyor vertically passes through the top of the open support cabin and extends to the outside. The present invention can be vertically hoisted into the equipment for assembly, and can also vertically transport mud. The equipment has a small layout area and can provide functions similar to mobile cofferdam mobile foundation pit support. It does not require temporary cofferdams and permanent foundation pit support, can greatly reduce the area occupied by the water area and the amount of underwater mud dredging, can prefabricate the tunnel into a whole section and hoist it into the equipment for continuous jacking assembly, and realize the prefabrication and assembly construction of underwater shallow buried tunnels.

Description

Open-type shield machine suitable for prefabrication and assembly of shallow underwater tunnels

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of prefabrication and assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, and more specifically, to an open shield machine suitable for prefabrication and assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels.

Background Art

The current methods for constructing underwater tunnels in the world are: when the tunnel is buried deep, the drilling and blasting method and the shield method are mainly used; when the tunnel is buried shallowly, only the immersed tube method and the weir construction method can be used.

The so-called immersed tube method is to sequentially sink the entire prefabricated tunnel pipe section (generally 70-200 meters in length) into the excavated underwater foundation trench for sinking and docking, and then backfill. This method faces the disadvantages of large amount of underwater dredging mud, large environmental impact, high requirements for channel depth for floating of immersed tubes, and high cost, such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge undersea tunnel. The so-called weir construction method is to construct a temporary cofferdam project on the water, drain the water in the cofferdam to carry out deep foundation pit construction, and then cast-in-place construction of the tunnel structure in the foundation pit. This method has the disadvantages of long construction time, large occupied water area, large environmental impact, and high cost of a large number of temporary cofferdams and foundation pit support projects (generally accounting for about 40% of the direct cost of the project). For example, Wuhan East Lake Tunnel and Wuxi Taihu Tunnel both adopt the weir construction method.

In view of the shortcomings of the underwater shallow tunnel construction method and the immersed tube method, and the background of the civil construction industry's vigorous development of prefabrication and mechanized operations, there is an urgent need for new equipment and new methods that can realize mechanized operations and prefabrication and assembly construction, so as to speed up the progress, reduce the impact of water construction on the environment, and significantly reduce the project cost.

The shield machine is a tunnel boring machine that uses the shield method. It is used in cases where the tunnel is buried at a greater depth. However, if the tunnel is buried at a shallow depth, the shield machine cannot be used for construction. In addition, in the existing shield machine construction, the prefabricated components used for tunnel assembly are hoisted underground through the shaft, and then transported horizontally to the shield machine for block assembly into a complete section; and the existing shield machine screw conveyor also transports mud horizontally from the tail of the equipment, through the assembled tunnel horizontally transported to the shaft, and then vertically transported to the ground. The spiral conveyor pipe is basically set horizontally, so the existing shield machine equipment is very long, occupies a large area, and is very expensive.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an open-top shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of shallow underwater tunnels. The machine can be vertically hoisted into the equipment for assembly, and can also vertically transport mud. The equipment has a small layout area and can provide functions similar to mobile cofferdam and mobile foundation pit support. It does not require temporary cofferdams and permanent foundation pit supports, can greatly reduce the area occupied by the water area and the amount of underwater mud dredging, can prefabricate the tunnel into entire sections and hoist them into the equipment for continuous jacking assembly, thereby realizing prefabricated assembly construction of shallow underwater tunnels.

In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, an open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels is provided, comprising: a front shield body, a jacking device, a screw conveyor and a rear shield body.

The top of the rear shield is open, and an open support cabin is arranged on the top, and the open support cabin is connected to the rear shield below; the top of the open support cabin is open, and the top is higher than the water surface;

The upper end of the screw conveyor vertically passes through the top of the open support cabin and extends outward.

Preferably, the screw conveyor comprises a first sub-screw conveyor and a second sub-screw conveyor;

The first sub-screw conveyor is arranged obliquely, with its lower end facing the mud and slag dug out from the front shield body, and its upper end is connected to the lower end of the second sub-screw conveyor arranged vertically above; the upper end of the second sub-screw conveyor passes through the top of the open support cabin and extends to the outside.

Preferably, a sealed box for accommodating mud residue is provided at the connection position between the first sub-screw conveyor and the second sub-screw conveyor.

Preferably, the first sub-screw conveyor and the second sub-screw conveyor are respectively connected to the sealing box at positions that are staggered.

Preferably, the first sub-screw conveyor is a vertical angle self-unloading screw conveyor.

Preferably, it further comprises: a retaining plate;

The retaining plates are a pair, which are respectively arranged in parallel on both sides of the top of the front shield body and along the traveling direction of the shield machine.

Preferably, the rear shield and the inner wall panels of the open support cabin are additionally weighted.

Preferably, it further comprises a mud discharge conduit, which is arranged obliquely and has an upper end fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw conveyor.

Preferably, the open support cabin is detachably connected to the rear shield body.

Preferably, the width of the rear shield body along the traveling direction of the shield machine is wider than the width of the open support cabin.

The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention is mainly aimed at underwater shallow tunnels (generally, the water depth is less than 5m and the cover thickness is less than 3m) (also applicable to the construction of shallow tunnels on land, with a depth of less than 3m), and provides a new equipment that can adapt to the mechanization and prefabrication and assembly of underwater tunnels. The equipment can operate underwater, can provide functions similar to mobile cofferdams and mobile foundation pit support, does not require temporary cofferdams and permanent foundation pit support, can greatly reduce the area occupied by the water area and the amount of underwater mud dredging, and can directly lift the prefabricated whole segment tunnel (or segmented pipe segment) through an open support cabin into the equipment for continuous jacking assembly, thereby realizing the prefabrication and assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels.

2. Ordinary shield machines are suitable for tunnels with greater depths, but cannot be used for tunnels with shallow depths. The present invention aims to expand the application scope of shield machines, apply them to tunnels with shallow depths, and realize shield assembly construction under open excavation conditions.

3. The present invention uses a screw conveyor to transport the mud and slag vertically to the ground through the open support cabin on the top of the rear shield, while the traditional shield machine uses the assembled shield machine to transport it horizontally to the working shaft and then vertically hoist it to the ground. Therefore, the present invention adopts vertical hoisting and vertical mud and slag transportation through the open support cabin to reduce the area of water occupied by construction and reduce the impact on the environment.

Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a side structural cross-sectional view of an open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a side view of an open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels according to the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an open shield machine equipped with a retaining plate suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc. to indicate directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, an open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow buried tunnels provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a front shield body 1, a jacking device 3, a screw conveyor 4 and a rear shield body 2, wherein the top of the rear shield body 2 is open, and an open support cabin 5 is arranged on the top thereof, and the open support cabin 5 is connected to the rear shield body 2 below; the top of the open support cabin 5 is open, and the top is higher than the water surface; the upper end of the screw conveyor 4 vertically passes through the top of the open support cabin 5 and extends to the outside.

It should be noted that the front shield and the rear shield are hinged with oil cylinders, wherein the front shield is used for excavation and excavation; the rear shield is used for assembling the tunnel structure; the pushing equipment is a hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic rod, which is used to push the prefabricated tunnel components to the preset position at the tail of the rear shield and connect this prefabricated tunnel structure with the previous prefabricated tunnel structure; the screw conveyor has a cylindrical closed shell, with a central shaft for installing spiral blades inside, and the material is transported by the rotation of the spiral blades. It is used to transport the mud and slag generated during the excavation process of the cutter head at the front end of the front shield to the outside of the equipment.

The open shield machine provided in this embodiment is suitable for prefabrication and assembly of underwater shallow buried tunnels. The rear shield body is connected to the open support cabin arranged above it, forming a vertical channel with an upper opening, and the upper opening is higher than the water surface. The upper open vertical channel is used to put the prefabricated tunnel structure to be hoisted, so as to realize vertical hoisting and open-cut tunnel construction. The upper end of the screw conveyor vertically passes through the top of the open support cabin and extends to the outside, so that the mud residue is vertically discharged to the outside of the equipment through the open support cabin by the screw conveyor. A mud ship (a ship loaded with mud residue) is set on the water surface outside the equipment to transport the discharged mud residue.

To sum up, the open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of shallow underwater tunnels provided by the present invention can realize the vertical lifting of prefabricated tunnel structures into the equipment for assembly, and can also realize the vertical transportation of mud and slag to the outside of the equipment, thereby reducing the area of water occupied by construction and reducing the impact on the environment; in addition, the open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of shallow underwater tunnels provided by the present invention can also effectively realize the prefabricated assembly construction of tunnels in shallow underwater conditions, and can change the traditional dark-cut shield tunneling into open-cut shield tunneling, and the open support cabin can replace the traditional mobile cofferdam structure, greatly saving construction costs.

In order to further optimize the above technical scheme, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that in the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, the screw conveyor 4 includes a first sub-screw conveyor 41 and a second sub-screw conveyor 42; the first sub-screw conveyor 41 is arranged obliquely, with its lower end facing the mud excavated from the front shield body 1, and its upper end is connected to the lower end of the second sub-screw conveyor 42 vertically arranged above; the upper end of the second sub-screw conveyor 42 passes through the top of the open support cabin 5 and extends to the outside.

In the technical solution provided by this embodiment, the first sub-screw conveyor and the second sub-screw conveyor are spliced together, and the mud residue generated during the excavation process of the cutter head at the front end of the front shield is input from the lower end of the first sub-screw conveyor, and then discharged to the outside of the equipment through the top of the vertically arranged second sub-screw conveyor. A mud ship is arranged on the water surface outside the equipment to transport the discharged mud residue. The inclined first sub-screw conveyor and the vertically arranged second sub-screw conveyor are spliced together to realize the transportation of mud residue from the bottom of the front end of the front shield to the top of the open support cabin.

To further optimize the above technical solution, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that in the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of shallow underwater tunnels, a sealing box 43 for accommodating mud residue is provided at the connection position between the first sub-screw conveyor 41 and the second sub-screw conveyor 42.

In the technical solution provided by this embodiment, the mud residue conveyed by the first screw conveyor is first stored in the sealed box, and the second sub-screw conveyor then outputs the mud residue in the sealed box to the outside. The sealed box is a sealed structure to reduce the influence of external pressure on mud residue conveying.

To further optimize the above technical solution, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, wherein the first sub-screw conveyor 41 and the second sub-screw conveyor 42 are respectively connected to the sealing box 43 in a staggered arrangement.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the positions where the first sub-screw conveyor and the second sub-screw conveyor are connected to the sealing box are staggered to prevent mud residue from blocking the input or output port of the screw conveyor, so as to achieve smooth transportation of mud residue. And the staggered setting is preferably that the upper end of the first sub-screw conveyor is sealed and connected to the top of the sealing box, and the lower end of the first sub-screw conveyor is straightened to the bottom of the sealing box.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, based on the above embodiment, it is preferred that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, the first sub-screw conveyor 41 uses a vertical angle self-unloading screw conveyor.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the outlet end of the vertical angle self-unloading screw conveyor is in an angle shape, which can effectively prevent the conveyed mud from flowing back.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, the screw conveyors 4 can be arranged in parallel in plurality.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, multiple screw conveyors are arranged side by side to output the sludge more efficiently.

In order to further optimize the above technical scheme, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels also includes: retaining plates 6; the retaining plates 6 are a pair, which are respectively arranged in parallel on both sides of the top of the front shield body 1 and arranged along the travel direction of the shield machine.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, retaining plates are provided on both sides of the top of the front shield body, which are used to support the soil on both sides from the top of the shield body to the mud surface (when used on land, it is used to support the top of the shield body to the ground), similar to a mobile cofferdam (support) structure. And the height of the retaining plate only needs to reach the mud surface, so the height of the retaining plate is lower than the height of the open support cabin.

To further optimize the above technical solution, based on the above embodiment, it is preferred that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, the rear shield body 2 and the inner wall panels of the open support cabin 5 are additionally weighted.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, since there is no cavity in the inner wall plate of the front shield body, weights are only added to the inner wall plate of the rear shield body and the open support cabin to overcome the buoyancy of the equipment underwater.

In order to further optimize the above technical scheme, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels also includes a mud discharge duct 8, which is inclined and the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw conveyor 4.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, in order to better discharge the mud residue output by the screw conveyor to the outside of the equipment, a mud discharge conduit is installed. The mud discharge conduit is inclined with the lower end facing the mud ship on the water surface to transport the mud residue to the mud ship.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, the open support cabin 5 and the rear shield body 2 are detachably connected.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the open support cabin is detachably connected to the rear shield body, such as by threaded connection. When the open support cabin is removed, the output end of the screw conveyor is placed inside the rear shield body, and a top plate is installed above the rear shield body, the open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow buried tunnels of the present invention can be converted into an ordinary shield machine, which can be suitable for the construction of tunnels with a deeper burial depth, thereby realizing the variability and multiple application ranges of the equipment.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, it is preferred on the basis of the above embodiment that the above open shield machine suitable for prefabricated assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels, the width of the rear shield body 2 along the travel direction of the shield machine is wider than the width of the open support cabin 5.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the width of the rear shield body is wider than the width of the open support cabin, and the wider part is the preset position of the tail of the aforementioned rear shield body. The accommodating space is used to assemble prefabricated tunnel components and connect this prefabricated tunnel structure with the previous prefabricated tunnel structure.

The specific working process is as follows:

In the land section of the underwater tunnel to be constructed, the tunnel structure is cast in place using the traditional method, and a starting foundation pit is enclosed by a mobile cofferdam at one end of the water area. The water in the cofferdam is drained, and the open shield machine suitable for the prefabrication and assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels is placed in the starting foundation pit. The first prefabricated tunnel structure is vertically hoisted from the open support cabin to the rear shield body, and the jacking equipment pushes the first prefabricated tunnel structure to the tail of the rear shield body and splices it with the cast-in-place tunnel structure of the land section, and then the mobile cofferdam is removed. As the open shield machine suitable for the prefabrication and assembly construction of underwater shallow tunnels moves, its front shield body synchronously digs the mud residue in the front section, and then a screw conveyor transports it through the open position on the top of the open support cabin and discharges it outside the equipment; and the prefabricated tunnel structure is simultaneously hoisted from the open support cabin to the rear shield body, and the jacking equipment pushes the prefabricated tunnel structure to the preset position at the tail of the rear shield body and splices it with the previous tunnel structure. The excavation and assembly process is repeated to complete the tunnel construction in the water area, thereby realizing the rapid mechanized construction of underwater shallow open-cut tunnels, and the excavation-support-assembly are constructed simultaneously, with high construction efficiency.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims (5)

1. Open shield constructs machine suitable for construction is assembled in prefabrication of shallow buried tunnel in water, includes: the front shield body, the pushing device, the screw conveyor and the rear shield body are characterized in that,

The top of the rear shield body is open, and an open supporting cabin is arranged at the top of the rear shield body and is communicated with the rear shield body below; the top of the open supporting cabin is open and is higher than the water surface; the rear shield body and the inner wall plate of the open supporting cabin are additionally provided with counterweights; the open support cabin is detachably connected with the rear shield body;

the upper end of the screw conveyor vertically passes through the top of the open supporting cabin and extends out of the open supporting cabin;

The screw conveyor comprises a first sub screw conveyor and a second sub screw conveyor;

The first sub-screw conveyor is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the first sub-screw conveyor faces the sludge dug out by the front shield body, and the upper end of the first sub-screw conveyor is connected with the lower end of the vertically arranged second sub-screw conveyor positioned above the first sub-screw conveyor; the upper end of the second sub-spiral conveyor passes through the top of the open supporting cabin and extends out of the open supporting cabin;

A sealing box for containing sludge is arranged at the connection position of the first sub-spiral conveyor and the second sub-spiral conveyor;

the first sub-screw conveyor and the second sub-screw conveyor are respectively connected with the sealing box in a staggered position.

2. The open shield tunneling machine suitable for the prefabrication and assembly construction of the underwater shallow tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-screw conveyor is a vertical angle self-unloading screw conveyor.

3. The open shield tunneling machine applicable to the prefabrication and assembly construction of a shallow underwater tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising: a soil retaining plate;

The soil retaining plates are arranged in parallel on two sides of the top of the front shield body respectively and are arranged along the travelling direction of the shield machine.

4. The open shield tunneling machine suitable for the prefabrication and assembly construction of the underwater shallow tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising a sludge discharge conduit, wherein the sludge discharge conduit is obliquely arranged, and the upper end of the sludge discharge conduit is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw conveyor.

5. The open shield tunneling machine suitable for the prefabrication and assembly construction of the underwater shallow tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the width of the rear shield body along the traveling direction of the shield tunneling machine is wider than the width of the open support cabin.