CN110314196A - 一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法。所述冲剂由以下原辅料制备而成:桑叶提取物,红景天提取物,山药提取物,马齿苋粉,西洋参粉,橘皮粉,黑果枸杞粉,苦丁粉,红茶粉,食品级木糖醇,β环状糊精,赤藓糖醇,黄原胶,羧甲基纤维素钠,柠檬酸。本发明的特点是采用热风干燥、真空冻干、喷雾干燥结合流化床造粒技术进行制备,此过程可以有效避免原料中天然活性成分的破坏和流失,且最大程度地保留物料原有风味。采用流化床造粒技术所得冲剂颗粒粒度均匀,色泽良好,溶解性好。通过桑叶和其他具有降糖效果的原料复配起到多靶点协同增效降糖作用。本产品可以用于降低糖尿病人员的餐后血糖水平及控制日常血糖水平的稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法,属于特殊用途食品领域。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种严重的慢性病,主要分为四种类型,Ⅰ型糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病和继发性糖尿病,其中,Ⅰ型糖尿病为先天性疾病,由于胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素功能缺陷所致;Ⅱ型糖尿病为后天性疾病,是一种与β细胞功能障碍和不同程度的胰岛素抵抗相关的复杂代谢紊乱;妊娠糖尿病是在怀孕期间发病的碳水化合物不耐受;继发性糖尿病是指由于已知的原发病所致的慢性高血糖状态,最大的特点是有因可查,可通过去除病因得以纠正高血糖。所有类型糖尿病都可能导致人体许多部位的并发症,并可能增加过早死亡的总体风险。
为了解决上述问题,本发明以桑叶、红景天、山药、马齿苋、西洋参、橘皮、黑果枸杞为主要原料,添加食品级木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、β环状糊精、柠檬酸、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠辅料制作了一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂,可用于糖尿病人的日常血糖控制及高血糖缓解,也可作为有血糖异常升高现象人群的日常生活 保健食品。
发明内容
本发明选择桑叶、红景天、山药为主原料,再加以辅料进行复配,这些原辅料能在不同程度起到降糖作用,具体介绍如下:
1、桑叶:桑科植物桑的干燥叶,有疏散风热,清肺润燥,清肝明目的功效,现代中、西医把桑叶和桑叶生物制剂作为改善糖尿病及其他各种疑难杂症的药物而使用,研究表明,桑叶中的黄酮、多糖及生物碱都具有明显的降糖效果。
2、红景天:景天科大花红景天的干燥根和根茎,味甘、苦,性平,归肺、心经。具有益气活血,通脉平喘之功。现代药理学研究证实, 红景天提取物具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗菌、抗缺氧、抗疲劳、抗辐射、抗氧化、镇痛、对中枢神经及内分泌系统双向调节等多种活性, 且具有很小副作用。实验证实红景天提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著抑制效果,可以糖尿病人餐后血糖。
3、山药:薯蓣科薯蓣属植物,缠绕草质藤本。块茎富含淀粉,块根质脆有黏性, 富含淀粉、黏质多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、胆碱、薯蓣皂 (去氢表雄酮) 、花青苷等多种营养和功能成分,《本草纲目》记载其具有补脾胃、益肺肾、消渴, 可治气虚衰弱、慢性泄泻、遗精带下、虚劳咳嗽等病症, 对虚弱、慢性肠胃炎、糖尿病等也有一定的疗效。研究发现,山药中的山药皂苷类、黄酮类物质对α-葡萄糖苷酶存在剂量依赖关系,山药皂苷类还能显著促进HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的消耗,山药中的黏液蛋白也具有很好的降血糖作用,是糖尿病人食疗的佳品。
4、马齿苋:石竹目、马齿苋科药食同源植物,广布全世界温带和热带地区。含有生物碱类、萜类、香豆素类、黄酮类、有机酸类、挥发油及多糖等化学成分,具有抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、降血脂、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、增强免疫、抗疲劳、抗惊厥、止咳平喘等作用,在临床上主要用于治疗糖尿病、炎症、瘙痒症、肠胃保护、鼻疔等疾病;在开发利用方面,马齿苋主要涉及药品、保健食品、化妆品、护发品日用品及动物饲料等,是极具开发前景的中药材。
5、西洋参:又称花旗参,为五加科人参属多年生草本植物,其味苦,性凉,入心、肺、肾经,功能以补益为主,补气养阴,清热生津,用于气虚阴亏、内热、咳喘痰血、虚热烦倦等症,西洋参中含有多种有效成分,现代药理学研究表明,西洋参具有抗肿瘤、抗癌、降血压、降血糖、降血脂、抗疲劳、提高免疫力等多方面的药理活性,既是名贵上品中药,又是高级滋补佳品。
6、橘皮:芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的成熟果皮,其性温,入脾、肺,橘皮有理气调中,燥湿化痰功效,可用于治疗脾胃气滞,脘腹胀满,呕吐,研究发现,橘皮提取物可显著降低α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,具有降低餐后血糖的功效。
7、黑果枸杞:茄科、枸杞属多棘刺灌木,味甘、性平,富含蛋白质、枸杞多糖、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、微量元素等多种营养成分,其中天然原花青素的含量超过蓝莓,功效是VC的20倍、VE的50倍,因此黑果枸杞有“软黄金”之称,研究发现,黑果枸杞可有效抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,还可提高HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗量,可以用于辅助治疗糖尿病,控制糖尿病人血糖水平稳定。
8、苦丁:冬青科冬青属乔木植物的干燥嫩叶,生于路边及荒野,主产于湖南、湖北、广东、广西等省,历代本草均有记载,有长期的临床应用基础,已经成为治疗心血管相关疾病、降血脂、降血糖等的常用辅助治疗药物,是药用植物研究的热点。苦丁性寒,归心、肝经,具有清热解毒,祛风湿,活血之功效。研究发现,苦丁中含有多酚、黄酮、绿原酸、三萜皂苷等活性物质,具有较好的降血糖作用。
9、红茶:最早产于中国明朝时期福建武夷山茶区,红茶富含胡萝卜素、维生素A、钙、磷、镁、钾、咖啡碱、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸等多种营养元素,可以帮助胃肠消化、促进食欲,利尿、消除水肿,强壮心脏功能。研究发现,红茶中富含的黄酮、多酚、多糖类化合物具有一定的降糖作用,可辅助降低糖尿病人的血糖水平。
本发明旨在提供一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述冲剂按照以下原料加工而成:桑叶提取物,红景天提取物,山药提取物,马齿苋粉,西洋参粉,橘皮粉,黑果枸杞粉,苦丁粉,红茶粉,食品级木糖醇,β环状糊精,赤藓糖醇,黄原胶,羧甲基纤维素钠,柠檬酸。
上述桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂按照以下加工步骤加工而成:
1、将桑叶、红景天、山药、马齿苋、西洋参、橘皮、黑果枸杞、荷叶、红茶分别用水冲洗,洗去表面泥垢后,将红景天、西洋参、橘皮置于50℃烘箱中干燥,将桑叶、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸杞、荷叶、红茶置于-25℃~-20℃低温冰箱中迅速冷冻0.5~1.5h,将冷冻后的桑叶、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸杞、荷叶、红茶转移至冻干机干燥仓内,于-20℃~-10℃条件下真空干燥1~3h。对干燥仓内加热板加热直至干燥仓温度为30℃~50℃,并调节干燥仓真空压力为30Pa~40Pa条件下保温1~2h,保持干燥仓真空压力30Pa~40Pa条件下进行降温,待温度降至15℃~25℃后维持1~2h,得到真空冷冻干燥后的桑叶、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸、荷叶、红茶,以及热风干燥的红景天、西洋参、橘皮,然后将干燥后的桑叶、红景天和山药粉碎并过40目筛备用。
2、采用超声波辅助溶剂萃取的方法对桑叶黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱类(1-脱氧野尻霉素)成分进行萃取,为提高得率,首先将桑叶粉按照一定料液比加入乙醇溶液,充分浸泡2h后进行超声波辅助提取,提取三次后离心分离,合并上清液。
3、将上清液于旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,温度50℃,转速25r/min。将溶液浓缩至浸膏状备用。
4、将红景天粉、山药粉分别与乙醇溶液按照料液比1:10进行超声萃取,提取三次,后离心合并上清液。
5、将上清液于旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,温度50℃,转速25r/min,将溶液浓缩至原体积的1/10后,成浸膏状,备用。
6、将马齿苋、西洋参、橘皮、黑果枸杞、荷叶、红茶粉碎,过80目筛后备用。
7、将已制备好的桑叶提取物浸膏、红景天提取物浸膏以及山药提取物浸膏按照1:1:1混合均匀,倒入可倾式反应锅中,搅拌后加热至80℃~90℃,过75目筛,备用。然后启动制粒机,将马齿苋粉、西洋参粉、橘皮粉、黑果枸杞粉、荷叶粉、红茶粉、食品级木糖醇,麦芽糖醇,赤藓糖醇,β环状糊精,柠檬酸,黄原胶,羧甲基纤维素钠细粉真空填料于制粒釜内,先将物料预混10min,喷入已预热好的浸膏,进行制粒。
8、制粒结束后,进入沸腾制粒机流化床,温度保持在40℃~60℃,干燥时间15min~30min,水分小于或等于2.5%时,将颗粒冷却至30℃以下,卸料。
9、将制好的颗粒装入已消毒处理的容器中,然后用混合机进行混合,转速8r/min,混合时间10min,混合后的颗粒装于已消毒处理的容器中,备用。
本发明中所述的一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的加工方法,步骤2中桑叶黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱类(1-脱氧野尻霉素)物质的提取条件为:料液比 1:10,提取溶剂为50%乙醇,超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率500W。
本发明中所述的一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的加工方法,步骤4中,红景天、山药提取的条件为:料液比 1:10,提取溶剂为50%乙醇,超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率800W。
本发明的创新点
1、本发明首次将桑叶、红景天、山药、马齿苋、西洋参、橘皮、黑果枸杞、苦丁、红茶九种富含黄酮、多糖、皂苷等生物活性物质的原料分别组合,这些原料的提取物都具有较好的降糖作用,且作用机制不同,部分有效作用于α-葡萄糖苷酶,部分有效作用于胰岛素抵抗细胞模型,复配后可多靶点作用于糖尿病人。据相关研究证实:多种功能成分复配使用时,其增效协同作用的效果常常较同剂量条件下单一成分的效果好。此外,桑叶、马齿苋、西洋参、苦丁性寒,红景天、山药、黑果枸杞性平,橘皮、红茶性温,通过协调搭配可在降糖的同时缓解寒性提取物对糖尿病患者的肠胃伤害,配制成便于携带且口感较好的冲剂。
2、本发明采用热风干燥、真空冻干、喷雾干燥结合流化床造粒技术进行制备,此过程可有效避免原料中天然活性成分的破坏和流失,且最大程度地保留其原有风味。采用流化床造粒技术所得冲剂颗粒粒度均匀,色泽良好,溶解性好。本产品可有效降低餐后血糖,稳定糖尿病人血糖值,用于糖尿病人血糖的控制及健康人群的糖尿病预防。
3、本发明利用食品级木糖醇以及β环状糊精按照一定的比例复配进行造粒可以掩盖冲剂中活性物质产生的涩味,将产品经过造粒工艺制成冲剂具有简单便携、运输快捷、溶解性好、食用方便、营养丰富、保质期长等优势。此外,采用流化床干燥器造粒时,因物料颗粒在底层混合时可与气体充分接触,使得所制冲剂的粒度细致均一、粒径大小相同、硬度合理,且颜色、溶解性等较好。同时,可大大提高生产效率,利于大规模产业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的加工方法,其加工步骤如下:
1、将采摘后12h~24h内的桑叶以及获得的红景天、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸杞分别清洗,然后将红景天置于50℃烘箱中进行热风干燥,将桑叶、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸杞置于-25℃~-20℃低温冰箱中迅速冷冻0.5~1.5h,将冷冻后的桑叶、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸杞转移至冻干机干燥仓内,于-20℃~-10℃条件下真空干燥1~3h。对干燥仓内加热板加热直至干燥仓温度为30℃~50℃,并调节干燥仓真空压力为30Pa~40Pa条件下保温1~2h,保持干燥仓真空压力30Pa~40Pa条件下进行降温,待温度降至15℃~25℃后维持1~2h,得到真空冷冻干燥后的桑叶、山药、马齿苋、黑果枸杞,同时得到干燥的红景天。然后将干燥后的桑叶、红景天、山药粉碎后过40目筛备用。
2、采用超声波辅助溶剂萃取的方法对桑叶黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱类(1-脱氧野尻霉素)成分进行萃取,为提高得率,首先称取桑叶粉,按照一定的料液比加入乙醇溶液,充分浸泡2h后进行超声波辅助提取,提取三次后离心分离,合并上清液。
3、将上清液于旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,温度50℃,转速25r/min,将溶液浓缩至原体积的1/10后,成浸膏状,备用。
4、将红景天、山药分别与乙醇溶液按照料液比1:10进行超声萃取,提取三次,后离心合并上清液。
5、将上清液于旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,温度50℃,转速25r/min,将溶液浓缩至原体积的1/10后,成浸膏状,备用。
6、将马齿苋、黑果枸杞分别粉碎,过80目筛后备用。
7、将已制备好的13%的桑叶提取物,13%的红景天提取物,13%的山药提取物混合均匀,倒入可倾式反应锅中,搅拌后加热至80℃~90℃,过75目筛,备用。然后启动制粒机,将13%的马齿苋粉,13%的黑果枸杞粉,18%的食品级木糖醇,10%的β环状糊精,4%的赤藓糖醇,1%的柠檬酸,1%的黄原胶,1%的羧甲基纤维素钠真空填料于制粒釜内,先将物料预混10min,喷入已预热好的浸膏,进行制粒。
8、制粒结束后,进入沸腾制粒机流化床,温度保持在40℃~60℃,干燥时间15min~30min,水分小于或等于2.5%时,将颗粒冷却至30℃以下,卸料。
9、将制好的颗粒装入已消毒处理的容器中,然后用混合机进行混合,转速8r/min,混合时间10min,混合后的颗粒装于已消毒处理的容器中,备用。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1不同的是步骤7中加入15%的桑叶提取物,15%的红景天提取物,15%的山药提取物,10%的西洋参粉,10%的橘皮粉,20%的食品级木糖醇,8%的β环状糊精,3%的赤藓糖醇,1%的黄原胶,2%的羧甲基纤维素钠,2%的柠檬酸。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1不同的是步骤7中加入17%的桑叶提取物,17%的红景天提取物,17%的山药提取物,7%的苦丁粉,7%的红茶粉,22%的食品级木糖醇,6%的β环状糊精,2%的赤藓糖醇,2%的黄原胶,1%的羧甲基纤维素钠,2%的柠檬酸。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,而对这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述冲剂按照以下原料加工而成:桑叶提取物,红景天提取物,山药提取物,马齿苋粉,西洋参粉,橘皮粉,黑果枸杞粉,苦丁粉,红茶粉,食品级木糖醇,β环状糊精,赤藓糖醇,黄原胶,羧甲基纤维素钠,柠檬酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述冲剂由以下原料加工而成:桑叶提取物13%,红景天提取物13%,山药提取物13%,马齿苋粉13%,黑果枸杞粉13%,食品级木糖醇18%,β环状糊精10%,赤藓糖醇4%,黄原胶1%,羧甲基纤维素钠1%,柠檬酸1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述冲剂由以下原料加工而成:桑叶提取物15%,红景天提取物15%,山药提取物15%,西洋参粉10%,橘皮粉10%,食品级木糖醇20%,β环状糊精8%,赤藓糖醇3%,黄原胶1%,羧甲基纤维素钠2%,柠檬酸2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种桑叶复合降糖速溶冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述冲剂由以下原料加工而成:桑叶提取物17%,红景天提取物17%,山药提取物17%,苦丁粉7%,红茶粉7%,食品级木糖醇22%,β环状糊精6%,赤藓糖醇2 %,黄原胶2%,羧甲基纤维素钠1%,柠檬酸2%。
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