CN110311477B - Wireless power transmission system and transmission method with steel rail as transmission medium - Google Patents
Wireless power transmission system and transmission method with steel rail as transmission medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110311477B CN110311477B CN201910721343.XA CN201910721343A CN110311477B CN 110311477 B CN110311477 B CN 110311477B CN 201910721343 A CN201910721343 A CN 201910721343A CN 110311477 B CN110311477 B CN 110311477B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless electric energy transmission system and a transmission method with a steel rail as a transmission medium, wherein the system comprises a frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply, a pulse excitation power supply and a pulse excitation power supply, wherein the frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply is arranged in a railway blocking area and is used for generating pulse excitation voltage, the generated pulse excitation voltage is transmitted to the steel rail, and the pulse excitation voltage generates an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail; the electric energy receiving device is arranged along the rail of the railway block area and is used for acquiring the energy of the alternating magnetic field, generating induced electromotive force, rectifying the induced electromotive force and storing the electric energy of the rectified voltage. The wireless power transmission system using the steel rail as the transmission medium realizes long-distance transmission of power, provides a power supply scheme which is not influenced by surrounding environment for sensor nodes in a wireless transmission network arranged along a railway, ensures stable operation of the wireless transmission network, and has high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rail transit devices, in particular to a wireless electric energy transmission system and a wireless electric energy transmission method taking steel rails as transmission media.
Background
In recent years, with rapid development of rail transit in China, demands for detection of safety states of infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, roadbeds, tracks and the like on a driving line, detection of surrounding environments of the driving line such as wind speed, wind quantity and rain quantity and snow depth, and implementation detection of landslides, foreign matter invasion, surrounding invasion and the like on two sides of the line are increasingly strong. With the gradual maturity of wireless sensor network technology, it has become possible to solve the above-mentioned demand, but in practical application the sense node power supply problem is increasingly highlighted. Therefore, the energy of the sensor node can be stabilized for a long time, and energy supply modes and measures suitable for the complex environments along the railway become urgent demands nowadays.
The power supply of the currently used sensing detection system is generally divided into a power grid, environmental energy (photovoltaic, wind power), a battery and the like. These power supply modes have limitations in use respectively:
(1) The power supply of the power grid is only suitable for specific places (the nearby power grid access points are arranged), and the condition that a small number of sensor nodes are arranged is not suitable for any number of sensor nodes arranged at any place along the railway.
(2) Environmental energy supply is not suitable for near-rail or under-rail arrangements due to dependence on the surrounding environment.
(3) Battery powered is currently the most convenient and viable solution, but it also suffers from the disadvantages of rapid capacity fade at low temperatures and significant battery replacement effort at a later stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a long-distance transmission of electric energy, provides a power supply scheme which is not influenced by surrounding environment for sensor nodes in a wireless transmission network arranged along a railway, and ensures a wireless electric energy transmission system and a wireless electric energy transmission method which use steel rails as transmission media and stably operate the wireless transmission network.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that a wireless electric energy transmission system taking a steel rail as a transmission medium is provided, and the wireless electric energy transmission system comprises:
the adjustable pulse excitation power supply is arranged in the railway blocking area and is used for generating pulse excitation voltage, transmitting the generated pulse excitation voltage to the steel rail, and generating an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail by the pulse excitation voltage;
The electric energy receiving device is arranged along the rail of the railway block area and is used for acquiring the energy of the alternating magnetic field, generating induced electromotive force, rectifying the induced electromotive force and storing the electric energy of the rectified voltage.
The wireless electric energy transmission system with the steel rail as a transmission medium is arranged in each railway block area, a frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply is arranged at one end of each railway block area, an external power supply is converted into pulse excitation voltage and transmitted to the steel rail in each railway block area, the pulse excitation voltage generates an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail, at least 1 electric energy receiving device is arranged along the steel rail in each railway block area, the obtained energy of the alternating magnetic field on the steel rail is converted into induced electromotive force, the converted induced electromotive force is rectified, and the electric energy of the rectified voltage is stored. The wireless power transmission system using the steel rail as the transmission medium realizes long-distance transmission of power, provides a power supply scheme which is not influenced by surrounding environment for sensor nodes in a wireless transmission network arranged along a railway, ensures stable operation of the wireless transmission network, and has high practicability.
The wireless power transmission method using the steel rail as a transmission medium is also provided, and comprises the following steps:
the frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply generates pulse excitation voltage, and the generated pulse excitation voltage is transmitted to the steel rail in the railway blocking area;
The pulse excitation voltage generates an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail;
The electric energy receiving device arranged along the rail of the railway block area acquires the energy of the alternating magnetic field, generates induced electromotive force, rectifies the induced electromotive force and stores the rectified voltage electric energy.
The invention provides a wireless electric energy transmission method with steel rails as transmission media, which comprises the steps of arranging a frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply in each railway block area, arranging the frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply at one end of each railway block area, converting an external power supply into pulse excitation voltage, transmitting the pulse excitation voltage to the steel rails in the railway block area, generating an alternating magnetic field on the steel rails by the pulse excitation voltage, arranging at least 1 electric energy receiving device along the steel rails in the railway block area, converting the energy of the alternating magnetic field on the obtained steel rails into induced electromotive force, rectifying the converted induced electromotive force, and storing electric energy of the rectified voltage. The wireless power transmission method using the steel rail as the transmission medium realizes long-distance transmission of power, provides a power supply scheme which is not influenced by surrounding environment for sensor nodes in a wireless transmission network arranged along a railway, ensures stable operation of the wireless transmission network, and has high practicability.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless power transmission system using a steel rail as a transmission medium;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pulse current generator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power receiving device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless power transmission method using a steel rail as a transmission medium;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the pulse excitation voltage generation of FIG. 4;
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of the generation of the induced electromotive force in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the wireless power transmission system using a steel rail as a transmission medium provided by the invention includes:
the adjustable pulse excitation power supply is arranged in the railway blocking area and is used for generating pulse excitation voltage, transmitting the generated pulse excitation voltage to the steel rail 4, and generating an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail 4 by the pulse excitation voltage;
The adjustable frequency pulse excitation power supply can be a self-powered power supply or an external power supply, the steel rail 4 is used as an electric conductor, the steel rail 4 is a conductive loop, pulse excitation voltage is transmitted to the steel rail 4 and then pulse excitation current with the same frequency is generated on the steel rail 4, and the pulse excitation current can generate an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail 4 after passing through the steel rail 4;
The electric energy receiving device 9 is arranged along the railway block area steel rail 4 and is used for acquiring the energy of the alternating magnetic field, generating induced electromotive force, rectifying the induced electromotive force and storing the electric energy of the rectified voltage.
The electric energy receiving device 9 obtains the energy of the alternating magnetic field in a magnetic induction coupling mode, the faraday electromagnetic induction principle is utilized to realize the close-range energy transfer, the pulse excitation current generates a magnetic field with intensity and direction changing around the steel rail 4, and when alternating magnetic force lines cut an induction coil of the energy receiving device, induced electromotive force is generated at two ends of the coil.
The pulse excitation current flows through the rail 4, and due to the skin effect, the current is mainly transmitted at the rail top and rail bottom surfaces, the distribution of the magnetic field intensity generated around the rail 4 is related to the current distribution, and the magnetic field intensity is maximum in the space near the rail bottom and rail top. Since the rail head needs to pass through the train, the installation of the electric power receiving device 9 is inconvenient, and the electric power receiving device 9 is arranged at the rail bottom to obtain the maximum magnetic field energy.
As an embodiment, the tunable pulsed excitation power supply comprises:
the pulse current generator 1 is positioned at one end of the railway blocking area and is used for converting external voltage into pulse excitation voltage with preset frequency;
The impedance matching circuit 2 is electrically connected with the pulse current generator 1 through a first steel rail connecting cable 3 and a steel rail 4, is grounded through a first grounding device 8, and is used for transmitting the received pulse excitation voltage to the steel rail 4, balancing the inductive reactance generated by the pulse excitation voltage in the steel rail 4 and ensuring that the transmission loop is a pure resistive load;
The pulse current generator 1 and the impedance matching circuit 2 are arranged at the side of the railway signal transmitter, pulse excitation current is connected into the steel rail 4 from the joint of the railway signal and the steel rail 4, and the reflux device 6 is arranged at the side of the railway signal receiver and is not more than 1km away from an excitation power supply;
The steel rail 4 is placed on the sleeper 10, so that the steel rail can be prevented from being contacted with the ground, the length of the steel rail 4 in a railway blocking section is 600m-1000m, a pulse excitation current above 3000Hz can generate a larger inductive reactance in the pulse excitation current, and an impedance matching circuit 2 is needed to balance the inductive reactance in the steel rail 4, so that a transmission loop is ensured to be a pure resistive load;
The reflux device 6 is electrically connected with the steel rail 4 through the second steel rail connecting cable 5, is grounded through the first grounding device 7, is used for receiving pulse current which is transmitted by the steel rail 4 and accords with preset frequency, and forms a transmission loop together with the steel rail 4, the ground and the impedance matching circuit 2.
The transmission loop consisting of the reflux device 6, the steel rail 4, the impedance matching circuit 2 and the ground facilitates the transmission of pulse excitation current on the steel rail 4 and ensures the generation of alternating magnetic fields and induced electromotive force. Furthermore, the preset frequency of the pulse excitation current is 3000-4000 HZ, and the preset frequency is the same as the frequency of the pulse excitation voltage, so that interference among signals with carrier frequencies 1700Hz, 2000Hz, 2300Hz and 2600Hz adopted by the railway frequency-shifting track circuit is avoided. In order to ensure a better circulation of the transmission circuit, the return device 6 is a high-pass filter which can isolate the passage of currents with a frequency of less than 3000 HZ. The high-pass filter is a combination device of devices such as a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor, which can pass signal components with a frequency above a certain frequency and greatly inhibit the signal components with the frequency below the certain frequency.
As an embodiment, the pulse current generator 1 includes:
The step-down voltage transformation circuit 11 is used for converting the external power supply voltage into a first alternating current working voltage;
a first rectifying circuit 12 electrically connected to the step-down transformer 11 for converting the first ac operating voltage into a dc voltage;
a supporting capacitor 13 electrically connected to the first rectifying circuit 12 for converting the dc voltage into a stable first dc operating voltage;
The switch circuit 14 is electrically connected to the impedance matching circuit 2 and the supporting capacitor 13 at two ends, and is used for converting the stable first direct current working voltage into pulse current with preset frequency and duty ratio and delivering the pulse current to the steel rail 4.
After the voltage of the AC220V is reduced by the step-down transformer 11, a direct-current voltage is established at two ends of the supporting capacitor 13 through the first rectifying circuit 12, and then a pulse excitation current with required frequency and current value is cut off by the switching circuit 14. Further, the switching circuit 14 is an IGBT switch.
As an embodiment, the power receiving device 9 includes:
A resonance circuit 15 for receiving energy of the alternating magnetic field and generating alternating induced electromotive force;
a second rectifying circuit 16 electrically connected to the resonant circuit 15 for converting the alternating induced electromotive force into a second direct voltage;
The power management circuit 17 is electrically connected to the second rectifying circuit 16 and the energy storage component 18, and is configured to step down the second dc voltage and continuously charge the energy storage component 18.
The resonant circuit 15 adopts LC parallel resonance, the inductance coil is formed by connecting three groups of coils in parallel, each coil is tightly wound by copper enameled wires with the diameter of 0.1mm, and the number of turns is 1000. Each coil is provided with an H-shaped Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic core to strengthen a stable magnetic circuit.
The induced electromotive force of the resonant circuit conforms to the following formula:
E=K*Ij*Fj
E-resonant circuit induced electromotive force
I j -excitation current value in rail
F j frequency of excitation current in rail
K-resonance coil coefficient
As an embodiment, the power receiving device 9 further comprises a power consuming load 19;
The energy consuming load 19 is electrically connected to the energy storage component 18 for receiving the dc output voltage from the energy storage component 18. The wireless power transmission system using the steel rail 4 as a transmission medium is used for converting weak magnetic field energy around the steel rail 4 into electric energy and supplying the electric energy to the energy-consuming load 19. Because the energy which can be collected is very weak and only tens of mu W, the sensor cannot be directly and continuously supplied with power, the collected electric energy is required to be stored in the energy storage component 18 through the power management circuit 17, when the energy in the energy storage component 18 reaches the standard level, the energy storage component 18 supplies power to the energy consumption load 19, and after the energy consumption load 19, namely the sensor works, the energy storage component 18 stops supplying power to the energy consumption load 19, and the power management circuit 17 continues to charge the energy storage component 18, so that a reciprocating cycle is formed. The circuit components and the like are all conventional devices, and are not the application of the present application.
The wireless electric energy transmission system with the steel rail as a transmission medium is arranged in each railway block area, a frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply is arranged at one end of each railway block area, an external power supply is converted into pulse excitation voltage and transmitted to the steel rail in each railway block area, the pulse excitation voltage generates an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail, at least one electric energy receiving device is arranged along the steel rail in each railway block area, the obtained energy of the alternating magnetic field on the steel rail is converted into induced electromotive force, the converted induced electromotive force is rectified, and the electric energy of the rectified voltage is stored. The wireless power transmission system using the steel rail as the transmission medium realizes long-distance transmission of power, provides a power supply scheme which is not influenced by surrounding environment for sensor nodes in a wireless transmission network arranged along a railway, ensures stable operation of the wireless transmission network, and has high practicability.
Embodiment two:
As shown in fig. 4, the invention also provides a wireless power transmission method using the steel rail as a transmission medium, which comprises the following steps:
S10, a pulse excitation power supply generates pulse excitation voltage, and the generated pulse excitation voltage is transmitted to a steel rail in a railway blocking area;
step S20, generating an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail by pulse excitation voltage;
and S30, acquiring energy of an alternating magnetic field by an electric energy receiving device arranged along the steel rail in the railway block area, generating induced electromotive force, rectifying the induced electromotive force, and storing the rectified electric energy.
As an embodiment, the generation of the pulse excitation voltage comprises the steps of:
Step S11, converting the external power supply voltage into a first alternating current working voltage by a step-down voltage transformation circuit;
Step S12, a first rectifying circuit electrically connected with the step-down transformer circuit converts a first alternating current working voltage into a direct current voltage;
Step S13, a supporting capacitor electrically connected with the first rectifying circuit converts direct-current voltage into stable first direct-current working voltage;
And S14, a switching circuit which is respectively and electrically connected with the impedance matching circuit and the supporting capacitor converts the stable first direct current working voltage into pulse current with preset frequency and duty ratio, and transmits the pulse current to the steel rail.
Further, the first ac operating voltage after the step-down transformer circuit step-down conversion is 36v, so that the step-down transformer circuit can be better adapted to the operation of the first rectifying circuit.
As an embodiment, the conversion of the alternating magnetic field energy by the electrical energy receiving device comprises the following steps:
Step S31, the resonance circuit generates induced electromotive force according to the received energy of the alternating magnetic field;
step S32, a second rectifying circuit electrically connected with the resonant circuit converts the generated induced electromotive force into a second direct current working voltage;
and step S33, the power management circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the second rectifying circuit and the energy storage component, and is used for reducing the second direct-current working voltage and continuously charging the energy storage component.
Further, the induced electromotive force generated by the resonant circuit is an alternating current voltage, a step-up process is performed in the process of converting the induced electromotive force by the second rectifying circuit, the step-up alternating current voltage is converted into a second direct current working voltage, and the power management circuit is used for carrying out step-down operation on the second direct current working voltage before the energy storage component is charged because the second direct current working voltage is higher than the working voltage of the component, and then charging the energy storage component after the step-down operation is completed. In this embodiment, the induced electromotive force generated is 20v, the ac voltage converted by the second rectifying circuit is 28v, the second dc operating voltage obtained by conversion is also 28v, and the dc voltage obtained by voltage reduction by the power management circuit is 5 v.
The invention provides a wireless electric energy transmission method with steel rails as transmission media, which comprises the steps of arranging a frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply in each railway block area, arranging the frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply at one end of each railway block area, converting an external power supply into pulse excitation voltage, transmitting the pulse excitation voltage to the steel rails in the railway block area, generating an alternating magnetic field on the steel rails by the pulse excitation voltage, arranging at least 1 electric energy receiving device along the steel rails in the railway block area, converting the energy of the alternating magnetic field on the obtained steel rails into induced electromotive force, rectifying the converted induced electromotive force, and storing electric energy of the rectified voltage. The wireless power transmission method using the steel rail as the transmission medium realizes long-distance transmission of power, provides a power supply scheme which is not influenced by surrounding environment for sensor nodes in a wireless transmission network arranged along a railway, ensures stable operation of the wireless transmission network, and has high practicability.
The embodiments described hereinabove are intended to illustrate the invention as it may be made or used by those skilled in the art, and modifications to the embodiments described hereinabove will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus the invention includes but is not limited to the embodiments described hereinabove, as well as any methods, processes, products consistent with the principles and novel and inventive features disclosed herein which are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A wireless power transmission system using a rail as a transmission medium, comprising:
The adjustable pulse excitation power supply is arranged in the railway blocking area and is used for generating pulse excitation voltage, transmitting the generated pulse excitation voltage to the steel rail (4), and generating an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail (4) by the pulse excitation voltage;
The electric energy receiving device (9) is arranged along the railway block area steel rail (4) and is used for acquiring the energy of the alternating magnetic field, generating induced electromotive force, rectifying the induced electromotive force and storing the electric energy of the rectified voltage;
the frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply comprises:
the pulse current generator (1) is positioned at one end of the railway blocking area and is used for converting external voltage into pulse excitation voltage with preset frequency;
The impedance matching circuit (2) is electrically connected with the pulse current generator (1) and the steel rail (4) and then grounded, and is used for transmitting the received pulse excitation voltage to the steel rail (4) and balancing the inductive reactance generated by the pulse excitation voltage in the steel rail (4) so as to ensure that the transmission loop is a pure resistive load;
The reflux device (6) is electrically connected with the steel rail (4) and then grounded, is used for receiving pulse current which is transmitted by the steel rail (4) and accords with preset frequency, and forms a transmission loop together with the steel rail (4), the ground and the impedance matching circuit (2);
The power receiving device (9) includes:
A resonance circuit (15) for receiving energy of the alternating magnetic field and generating an induced electromotive force;
A second rectifier circuit (16) electrically connected to the resonant circuit (15) for converting the induced electromotive force into a second direct-current voltage;
And the power management circuit (17) is electrically connected with the second rectifying circuit (16) and the energy storage component (18) respectively and is used for reducing the second direct-current voltage and continuously charging the energy storage component (18).
2.A rail-based wireless power transfer system according to claim 1, wherein the pulse current generator (1) comprises:
the step-down voltage transformation circuit (11) is used for converting the external power supply voltage into a first alternating current working voltage;
A first rectifying circuit (12) electrically connected to the step-down transformer circuit (11) for converting the first ac operating voltage into a dc voltage;
The support capacitor (13) is electrically connected with the first rectifying circuit (12) and is used for converting direct-current voltage into stable first direct-current working voltage;
And the two ends of the switch circuit (14) are respectively and electrically connected with the impedance matching circuit (2) and the supporting capacitor (13) and are used for converting the stable first direct-current working voltage into pulse current with preset frequency and duty ratio and transmitting the pulse current to the steel rail (4).
3. A wireless power transfer system with rails as transfer medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the return means (6) is a high pass filter isolating currents with a frequency of less than 3000 HZ.
4. A wireless power transmission system with rails as transmission medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the power receiving device (9) further comprises a power consuming load (19);
The energy consumption load (19) is electrically connected with the energy storage component (18) and is used for receiving direct-current output voltage output by the energy storage component (18).
5. The wireless power transmission system using a steel rail as a transmission medium according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined frequency of the pulse excitation voltage is 3000hz to 4000hz.
6. The wireless electric energy transmission method using the steel rail as a transmission medium is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the frequency-adjustable pulse excitation power supply generates pulse excitation voltage, and the generated pulse excitation voltage is transmitted to the steel rail in the railway blocking area;
The pulse excitation voltage generates an alternating magnetic field on the steel rail;
The method comprises the steps that an electric energy receiving device arranged along a railway block area steel rail acquires energy of an alternating magnetic field, generates induced electromotive force, rectifies the induced electromotive force and stores electric energy of the rectified voltage;
the generation of the pulse excitation voltage comprises the following steps:
the step-down voltage transformation circuit converts the external power supply voltage into a first alternating current working voltage;
The first rectification circuit is electrically connected with the step-down voltage transformation circuit and used for converting the first alternating current working voltage into direct current voltage;
the support capacitor is electrically connected with the first rectifying circuit and converts the direct-current voltage into a stable first direct-current working voltage;
The switching circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the impedance matching circuit and the supporting capacitor, converts the stable first direct-current working voltage into pulse current with preset frequency and duty ratio, and transmits the pulse current to the steel rail;
The electric energy receiving device for converting alternating magnetic field energy comprises the following steps:
the resonance circuit generates induced electromotive force according to the received energy of the alternating magnetic field;
The second rectifying circuit is electrically connected with the resonance circuit and converts the generated induced electromotive force into a second direct current working voltage;
And the power management circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the second rectifying circuit and the energy storage component, reduces the second direct-current working voltage and continuously charges the energy storage component.
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| FR3002810B1 (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2017-02-24 | Inst Francais Des Sciences Et Tech Des Transp De L'amenagement Et Des Reseaux | ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATOR, ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY, SENSOR COMPRISING SUCH AN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY |
| CN203690974U (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-07-02 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Wireless charging system with power supply device and vehicle charging device |
| CN104953724A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-09-30 | 天津理工大学 | Wireless power transmission device and toy rail car |
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