CN110302177A - 线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒及应用 - Google Patents
线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,由两亲性线粒体靶向材料TPP‑PEG‑PPG‑PEG‑TPP和光诊疗试剂IPIC通过纳米共沉淀方法制得。该纳米颗粒具有良好水溶性、生物相容性及靶向性,可应用于靶向肿瘤的线粒体,在近红外光刺激下可实现近红外二区荧光成像/光声成像/光热成像指导下的线粒体靶向光热/光动力联合治疗,从而显著提高治疗效果,具有较好的临床应用前景。其制备方法简单,使用效果好,联合治疗应用范围广,尤其有利于线粒体靶向光诊疗体系的构筑及应用,精确作用于肿瘤的线粒体,实现癌症的高效治疗,具有很强的实用性和广泛的适用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,属于生物医药技术领域。
背景技术
线粒体作为大多数真核细胞内的动力和能量提供者,在细胞生命和分裂中发挥着重要作用。有趣的是,与正常细胞相比,癌细胞内的线粒体具有其独特的特征。由于连续的细胞分裂,癌细胞需要更多的能量和代谢底物,以便继续产生生物活性分子,如脂质,蛋白质和核苷酸,以便快速生长。与之矛盾的是,癌细胞合成ATP过程中产生的中间体主要被用于代谢反应,来维持底物的供应,癌细胞中产生ATP的效率低于在正常细胞内的效率。这种独特的现象使癌细胞更容易受到线粒体的作用来进行治疗。因此,线粒体已成为药物传递系统的靶点。
现阶段,已经开发了各种靶向线粒体的方法,包括使用靶向配体如肽和化学化合物如三苯甲基鏻(TPP)。TPP由三个苯基组成,是一种具有离域正电荷和足够亲脂性的特殊性质的阳离子,可以促进穿过线粒体膜的运输过程。
在成像技术方面,近红外二区(NIR-II,1000-1700nm)荧光成像技术受到人们广泛的关注,由于该波段发射波长较长,生物组织自身的光散射及自荧光较弱,因此极大地提高了成像的穿透深度及成像效果,在于生物技术及生命科学领域具有重要的应用价值。光声(PA)成像结合了光学成像和超声成像的特点,具有高对比度、高分辨率等的优点,在实时医学成像领域有着巨大的应用前景。
相比于传统的化疗手段,光热治疗(PTT)及光动力治疗(PDT)以其毒副作用小、治疗效果好等优点而受到广泛的关注,成为肿瘤治疗的有效手段。
因此,将线粒体靶向、近红外二区荧光成像、光声成像、光热、光动力结合在一起,构筑新型线粒体靶向光诊疗体系,能够精确作用于肿瘤的线粒体,实现癌症的高效准确的治疗,在生物医疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种可用于线粒体靶向光热/光动力联合治疗的纳米颗粒。
为了实现上述目标,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,由两亲性线粒体靶向材料TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP和光诊疗试剂IPIC通过纳米共沉淀方法制得;
所述TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP的结构为:
所述IPIC的结构为:
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的最大吸收波长为821±10nm。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的最大荧光发射在1000±10nm。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液在808nm的激光照射下,溶液的温度随着时间增加而升高,具有光热性能。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液在808nm的激光照射下,具有单线态氧产生能力。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的近红外二区荧光量子产率为2.2±0.2%。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的水溶液在最大吸收处摩尔消光系数为(2.0±0.2)×105M-1cm-1。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,应用于近红外二区荧光成像、光声成像及光热成像。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,应用于靶向细胞线粒体。
上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,同时应用于靶向细胞线粒体、近红外二区荧光成像、光声成像、光热成像、光热治疗、光动力治疗,用于构筑线粒体靶向光诊疗体系,用于癌症的治疗。
本发明的有益之处在于:
本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,由TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP和IPIC通过用纳米共沉淀方法制得。该纳米颗粒具有良好水溶性、生物相容性及靶向性,可应用于靶向肿瘤的线粒体,在近红外光刺激下可实现近红外二区荧光成像/光声成像/光热成像指导下的线粒体靶向光热/光动力联合治疗,从而显著提高治疗效果,具有较好的临床应用前景。
本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,制备方法简单,使用效果好,联合治疗应用范围广,尤其有利于线粒体靶向光诊疗体系的构筑及应用,精确作用于肿瘤的线粒体,实现癌症的高效治疗,具有很强的实用性和广泛的适用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的合成示意图。
图2为本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的紫外谱图。
图3为本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的荧光谱图。
图4为本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的近红外二窗荧光成像图。
图5为本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的光声成像图。
图6为相同浓度的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒在不同光照功率密度下的光热温度随时间变化图。
图7为相同浓度的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒与DPBF混合在不同光功率密度的激光光照后,于414nm处紫外吸收强度变化图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
本发明的实施例所使用的试剂皆为市购,所使用的仪器分别为:
近红外二窗荧光成像仪:NIRvana 640-Princeton instrument;
光声成像仪:Endra Nexus 128;
红外热成像仪:TESTO869;
激光器:MDL-IH-730-1.5W-PSU-II-LED。
本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,由两亲性线粒体靶向材料TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP和光诊疗试剂IPIC制得,其结构分别为:
A、合成路线为:
具体的合成步骤为:
该结构的分子的制备方法包含以下步骤:
A1、将叠氮化钠(153mg,2.35mmol)加入到(4-溴丁基)三苯基溴化鏻(0.73g,1.53mmol)的无水DMF(15mL)溶液中,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌24h;通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂后,向混合物中加入二氯甲烷,除去沉淀物;蒸馏出二氯甲烷后,得到白色晶体产物1。
A2、将氢化钠(38mg,0.95mmol)和10mL无水THF置于50mL圆底烧瓶中,并将混合物保持搅拌1h;然后加入250μL 3-溴丙-1-炔(80%甲苯溶液)并将混合物在室温下搅拌24h;滤出沉淀物后,浓缩混合物并倒入乙醚中。收集沉淀物并重新溶解在水中。最后,使用5000Da分子量截留透析膜,通过用蒸馏水透析2天来纯化产物。冷冻干燥后,得到产物2。
A3、将产物2(100mg,7.87μmol),产物1(6.93mg,15.75μmol),CuSO4·5H2O(4mg,0.016mmol)和抗坏血酸钠(3.17mg,0.016mmol)置于50mL圆底烧瓶中,在氩气氛下;然后将无水DMF(10mL)注入混合物中,使反应在室温下进行2天;除去溶剂后,将粗产物悬浮于水中,并使用3500Da分子量截留透析膜通过透析纯化;冷冻干燥后得到TPP-PEG--PPG--PEG-TPP。
B、线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的制备
IPIC的制备过程参考ACS Energy Lett.,4(2019)763-770。
称取1mg的IPIC和15mg的TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP溶于1ml四氢呋喃,然后缓慢加入5ml超纯水中,边超声边加入,继续超声5min,真空除去四氢呋喃,最后用3万分子量截留的超滤管对溶液进行离心去除部分水,得到浓度为1mg/ml的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液。
C、性能表征
C1、光学性能:
(1)、如图2所示,为上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的紫外吸收光谱图,该溶液的最大吸收波长在821nm左右,显示其具有良好的光声成像能力。
(2)、如图3所示,为上述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液的荧光光谱图。可见,本发明的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒在水溶液中的最大荧光发射在1000nm左右,因此其具有近红外二区荧光成像能力。
C2、近红外二窗荧光成像/光声成像性能:
(1)、配制浓度为0.1mg/ml的上述线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液1ml,放置于小离心管中,在近红外二窗荧光成像仪下,用波长为808nm的激光激发,得到近红外二窗荧光成像,如图4所示。
(2)、配制浓度为1.0mg/ml的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液200μl于小试管中,然后用光声成像仪进行成像,如图5所示。
C3、光热/光动力性能:
(1)、光热性能:
在250μL的小离心管中加入200μL浓度为80μg/ml的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒纳米粒子水溶液,分别用功率密度0.25W/cm2、0.5W/cm2、0.75W/cm2及1W/cm2的激光(808nm)照射,由红外热成像仪记录溶液温度随时间变化的趋势,如图6所示,在激光下,在一定的时间内溶液的温度随着激光的强度和光照的时间迅速升高;
表明该线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒具有良好的光热性能及光热成像性能。
而且从以上数据可以看出,即便在低能量密度的激光照射下线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的光热性能依旧能够在短时间中升温,有着很高的灵敏度。
(2)、光动力性能:
在比色皿中加入线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液(0.25mM,2mL),再滴加入40μL浓度为1mM的DPBF的乙醇溶液(DPBF会与单线态氧发生不可逆反应,导致DPBF特征吸收峰降低,从而可以作为单线态氧探针),分别用光功率密度为0、0.25W/cm2、0.5W/cm2、0.75W/cm2及1W/m2的激光(808nm)间断照射,每次光照15s,并监测在DPBF特征峰414nm处的紫外吸收峰的变化,如图7所示DPBF特征峰随着照射时间的增加而不断降低;
表明该线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒可以产生单线态氧,其具有良好的光动力性能。
C4、荧光量子产率/摩尔消光系数测试
(1)、荧光量子产率
利用已知染料IR-26量子产率0.5%为标样。配制IR-26的1,2-二氯乙烷溶液使得其在808nm处吸光度值达到0.10。对该样品进行连续稀释,得到总共五种溶液,测其在808nm处的吸光度,然后使用808nm激光作为激发源,使用900nm长通滤波器作为发射滤波器,以获得900-1500nm区域的发射光谱。对线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液进行相同的吸收和发射测量。
根据相关公式计算线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒在水溶液中近红外二区荧光量子产率为2.2±0.2%。
(2)、摩尔消光系数
对已知浓度的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液进行多次稀释,并测其最大峰值处的吸光度,并对浓度和相应的吸光度进行拟合分析,根据相关摩尔消光系数计算公式,计算线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒水溶液在最大吸收处的摩尔消光系数为(2.0±0.2)×105M- 1cm-1。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,由两亲性线粒体靶向材料TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP和光诊疗试剂IPIC通过纳米共沉淀方法制得;
所述TPP-PEG-PPG-PEG-TPP的结构为:
所述IPIC的结构为:
2.根据权利要求1所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,其水溶液的最大吸收波长为821±10nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,其水溶液的最大荧光发射在1000±20nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,其水溶液在808nm的激光照射下,具有光热性能。
5.根据权利要求1所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,其水溶液在808nm的激光照射下,可产生单线态氧。
6.根据权利要求1所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,其水溶液近红外二区荧光量子产率为2.2±0.2%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒,其特征在于,其水溶液在最大吸收处摩尔消光系数为(2.0±0.2)×105M-1cm-1。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的应用,其特征在于,用于近红外二区荧光成像、光声成像及光热成像。
9.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的应用,其特征在于,用于靶向细胞线粒体。
10.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的线粒体靶向光诊疗纳米颗粒的应用,其特征在于,同时用于靶向细胞线粒体、近红外二区荧光成像、光声成像、光热成像、光热治疗、光动力治疗,用于构筑线粒体靶向光诊疗体系,用于癌症的治疗。
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