CN110301547A - Ruminate cub milk replacer and the preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a young ruminant milk replacer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The milk replacer is formed by mixing double-protein concentrated powder and auxiliary materials at a weight ratio of 5-6:4-5; the double-protein concentrated powder is composed of dairy products, vegetable proteins and amino acids; the total crude protein content of the double-protein concentrated powder 40% to 50%, including milk protein, globulin, gliadin, gluten and albumin; the amino acid includes lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan; the auxiliary material contains vitamins, Premixes of trace elements, minerals, glucose, dextrin, fat powder. According to the digestive physiological characteristics of young ruminants, the present invention first proposes the concept of using protein components as indicators when calculating the formula of milk substitutes, and gives the appropriate content of each component in the total crude protein of milk substitutes, which promotes the development of milk substitutes. The standardization and precision of production have greatly improved the growth performance of young ruminant animals such as lactating calves and lambs.

Description

Young ruminant milk substitute and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding and feed processing, in particular to a young ruminant milk replacer and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

At present, the early weaning technology of lactating calves by using milk substitutes is a commonly used technical means in the dairy farming industry in the world. In the 1960s, when milk replacers were first applied, the protein source in calf milk replacers was mainly skim milk protein; in the 1980s, skim milk protein was gradually replaced by casein and whey protein; in the late 1980s, Due to the increase in people's demand for milk-derived protein, the price of milk-derived protein represented by casein and whey protein has risen, and researchers have begun to look for protein feeds that can replace milk protein sources. A dual-protein milk replacer that combines milk-derived protein and vegetable protein. With the formation of the milk replacer industry and the improvement of processing technology, modified non-dairy protein sources can be used in milk replacer instead of milk protein in an appropriate proportion.

In the existing research on milk substitutes for young ruminants (mainly calves and lambs), there have been products formulated with the combination of plant protein and milk-derived protein, but the method of matching different plant protein sources in production is limited to The ratio of raw materials includes the combination of various protein powders produced from soybeans, the combination of pea protein isolate and rice protein concentrate, and the combination of soybean, wheat, rice or peanut protein. The preparation method shows that the calculation is based on the weight percentage and weight fraction of the above-mentioned raw materials, and no more scientific and accurate indicators are reflected in the formula.

Proteins provided by soybeans, wheat, rice, etc., contain inconsistent protein components. Soybean protein mainly contains globulin and albumin; wheat protein contains albumin, gliadin, and glutenin, and the content of globulin is relatively low; rice protein is mainly glutenin. The inventor also found in previous studies that when using the above-mentioned several vegetable protein raw materials to formulate milk substitutes, even after keeping the main amino acids consistent, the effect of feeding calves is still different (Huang Kaiwu, Protein source and composition have a significant impact on pre-weaning calves. Influence of Cattle Growth and Immune Indexes, Master Thesis of Tarim University, 2016). It can be seen that the difference in amino acids is not the only difference in these protein raw materials, and protein components may also play a role in it, which also needs to be paid attention to in formulating milk substitutes.

In view of the insufficient production of dairy products in my country and the high cost of using milk protein as a protein source for milk substitutes, the development of plant protein sources is still an important research direction at this stage. However, there are still some problems about feeding calves with milk substitutes containing plant protein sources: for example, the mechanism of intestinal structural damage in calves and lambs and the digestion and metabolism of plant proteins in calves and lambs are still unclear; There is no experimental basis for the synergistic effect between protein and vegetable protein, and milk-derived protein, especially the determination of the reasonable ratio of various protein components to each other. Different plant protein sources and milk-derived proteins have different physical structures and amino acid contents, and the combined effects of different plant proteins and milk-derived proteins on calves and lambs should be considered to formulate more suitable for ruminant young animals. Milk replacer.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide ruminant young animal milk replacer and its preparation method and application.

The present invention is conceived as follows: Aiming at the problems of extensive protein index and unclear relationship between protein component ratios in the formula calculation process of ruminant young animals (calves, lambs) lactating milk substitute products, a method using protein component ratios as a formula is provided. indicators to formulate methods for ruminant young animal milk replacers. In this method, the proportion of globulin, albumin, gliadin, and gluten in protein, and the proportion of lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan are used as indicators to formulate milk substitutes to provide ruminant young animals that meet the digestive characteristics. The diet can promote digestibility, improve growth performance and increase production efficiency.

In order to realize the object of the present invention, the first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of ruminant young animal milk replacer, especially the double protein milk replacer containing milk protein and plant protein, described milk replacer is made up of double protein concentrated powder and auxiliary material by weight ratio 5 ~6:4~5 (preferably 6:4) mixed;

The double protein concentrated powder is composed of dairy products, vegetable protein and amino acids; wherein, in terms of dry matter, the mass percentage of total crude protein in the double protein concentrated powder is 40% to 50%; the double protein concentrated The mass percentages of milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, prolamin, gluten, and albumin from vegetable protein in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder are: milk-derived protein 30%, globulin 12% % to 34%, prolamin 3% to 8%, gluten 13% to 18%, albumin 8% to 12%; The mass percentages of tryptophan in the total crude protein of double protein concentrate powder are: lysine 7.2%-8.4%, methionine 2.4%-2.8%, threonine 4.1%-4.8%, tryptophan 1.3%-1.6% %.

The auxiliary material is a premix containing vitamins, trace elements, minerals, glucose, dextrin and fat powder.

Preferably, in terms of dry matter, the milk-derived protein from dairy products and the globulin, prolamin, gluten, and albumin from vegetable proteins in the double protein concentrate powder each account for the mass of the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder The percentages are: milk protein 30%, globulin 34%, gliadin 4%, gluten 13%, albumin 9%; The mass percentages of acid and tryptophan in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder are: lysine 7.2%, methionine 2.4%, threonine 4.1%, tryptophan 1.3%.

Further, the auxiliary materials are mixed by the following components by weight: 10-12.5 parts of premixed feed for calves and lambs, 6-7.5 parts of fat powder, 20-25.0 parts of glucose, 50.7-60.6 parts of dextrin, carbonic acid Calcium 1.4-1.8 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-2.5 parts.

In the present invention, the premix includes a special premix for calves and lambs, which can provide per kilogram of milk replacer: vitamin A 10,000-15,000 IU, vitamin D 2000-4000 IU, vitamin E 50-90g, vitamin B ₁ 0.1 -0.5mg, Vitamin B ₂ 0.2-0.8mg, Niacin 0.1-0.5mg; Iron 50-120mg, Copper 5-15mg, Zinc 50-120mg, Manganese 50-120mg, Selenium 0.1-0.5mg, Iodine 1.0-1.5mg And trace components such as cobalt 0.2-0.8mg.

In the present invention, the dairy product is at least one selected from whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder, whey powder, concentrated whey protein and the like.

The vegetable protein refers to concentrated protein, isolated protein and hydrolyzed protein extracted from plants. Preferably, the plant is selected from at least one of soybean, rice, wheat and the like. More preferably, at least one of soybean protein isolate, wheat hydrolyzate protein, rice protein isolate and the like.

All the raw materials in the milk substitute of the present invention can be purchased directly from the market.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the young ruminant milk replacer, the milk replacer is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 6:4; wherein, in the double protein concentrate powder The mass percentage of total crude protein is 40%; the double protein concentrate powder includes the following components in mass percentage: soybean protein isolate 19.3%, wheat hydrolyzed protein 5.2%, rice protein isolate 13.0%, whole milk powder 34.0%, whey powder 27.0%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.4%, threonine 0.6% and tryptophan 0.2%;

The auxiliary materials include the following components in mass percentage: 12.5% premixed feed for calves and lambs, 7.5% fat powder, 25.0% glucose, 50.7% dextrin, 1.8% calcium carbonate and 2.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.

In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, in the young ruminant milk replacer, the milk replacer is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 5:5; wherein, the double protein concentrate powder The mass percentage of total crude protein in the product is 50%; the double protein concentrate powder includes the following components in mass percentage: soybean protein isolate 5.0%, wheat hydrolyzed protein 20.0%, rice protein isolate 13.3%, whole fat Milk powder 33.2%, whey powder 26.5%, lysine 0.6%, methionine 0.5%, threonine 0.7% and tryptophan 0.2%;

The auxiliary materials include the following components in mass percentage: 10.0% premixed feed for calves and lambs, 6.0% fat powder, 20.0% glucose, 60.6% dextrin, 1.4% calcium carbonate and 2.0% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.

In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, in the young ruminant milk replacer, the milk replacer is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 6:4; wherein, the double protein concentrate powder The mass percentage composition of total crude protein in is 45%; Described double protein concentrated powder comprises each component of following mass percentage content: soybean protein isolate 5.0%, wheat hydrolyzed protein 9.5%, rice protein isolate 24.6%, whole fat Milk powder 33.2%, whey powder 26.5%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.25%, threonine 0.5% and tryptophan 0.15%;

The auxiliary materials include the following components in mass percentage: 12.5% premixed feed for calves and lambs, 7.5% fat powder, 23.3% glucose, 52.4% dextrin, 1.8% calcium carbonate and 2.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.

In the present invention, the special premixed feed for calves and lambs is purchased from Beijing Precision Animal Nutrition Research Center.

The fat powder is made from coconut oil and palm oil coated with malt syrup and casein after spray drying. Wherein, the weight ratio of coconut oil, palm oil, maltose and casein is 21:21:7:1.

The whole milk powder is purchased from Qingdao Inter-Island Trading Co., Ltd., with a crude protein content of 26.5% and a fat content of 27%;

The whey powder is purchased from China Animal Husbandry Industry and Commerce Corporation, with a crude protein content of 6% and a fat content of 55%.

The soybean protein isolate is purchased from Shandong Wandefu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the crude protein content is ≥88%.

The wheat hydrolyzed protein is purchased from Wuhan Ketai Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., and the crude protein content is ≥ 80%.

The rice protein isolate is purchased from Jiangxi Hengding Food Co., Ltd., and the crude protein content is ≥ 65%.

In the second aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the young ruminant milk replacer, the method comprising preparing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials respectively, and then mixing the two in proportion;

Wherein, the double protein concentrate powder is prepared by mixing dairy products, vegetable protein and amino acids in proportion; the auxiliary materials are mixed in proportion with vitamins, trace elements, minerals, glucose, dextrin, fat powder and premix made.

In the third aspect, the present invention provides the application of the milk replacer in ruminant breeding, especially in the breeding of lactating calves and lambs.

Calves and lambs should eat a sufficient amount of colostrum within 24 hours after birth, and the feeding amount of colostrum should not be less than 10% of their body weight. Subsequently, the milk replacer of the present invention can be used from the age of 5 to 10 days. Boil the water and cool it to 50-60°C, mix it evenly and feed it directly according to the weight ratio of water and milk replacer at 5-8:1. The daily feeding amount (calculated as milk replacer dry powder) is calculated at 1.5% to 2% of body weight. The number of feedings is 2-5 times a day.

The nutritional properties of different protein sources in ruminant milk replacer are as follows:

Milk-derived protein: the earliest protein source used in milk substitutes is milk-derived protein. Because milk protein has the characteristics of good palatability, high digestibility, balanced amino acids and no anti-nutritional factors, milk protein is the best choice for calves before 3 weeks of age. The best source of protein available to cattle. At present, the most commonly used milk source protein in the production of milk replacer is whey protein. The essential amino acids in whey protein are balanced and rich in content, contain a variety of biologically active ingredients, and have relatively comprehensive functional properties.

Non-dairy animal protein: At present, there are few developments on non-dairy animal protein, including plasma protein powder, egg protein powder, fish meal, etc. Due to the limited use of egg protein powder and fish meal on lactating calves, the research is more concentrated on plasma proteins. Plasma protein is an animal-source protein that is easy to digest and absorb, with good palatability and high digestibility. It is relatively high in essential amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, and threonine), but low in methionine and isoleucine. In addition, the plasma protein powder still retains the rich immunoglobulin, albumin, bioactive peptides and other active substances in the original plasma after processing, which can effectively relieve environmental stress and enhance the body's immunity, especially for young and weak animals. significantly.

Non-dairy vegetable protein: The research on plant protein as the protein source of milk substitutes began in the 1980s. With the deepening of research and the development of milk substitute processing technology, plant protein has become the main source of protein source for milk substitutes. research direction. At present, the plant proteins that have been studied more mainly include soybean protein, wheat protein, and rice protein.

The functional properties of different protein source protein components are as follows:

Protein raw materials with the same protein content and amino acid composition have different nutritional value utilization ratios, except for the physical structure and chemical properties of the protein source, such as solubility, hydration, higher-order structures (α-helix, β-sheet, random coil In addition to being closely related to disulfide bond content), anti-nutritional properties, etc., the content and ratio of different protein components in dietary protein sources also have different functional properties.

According to the difference in solubility, the protein components of vegetable protein can be divided into globulin, albumin, gliadin and glutelin.

1. Globulin: Albumin and globulin are low-molecular-weight proteins composed of single chains. As soluble proteins, they have a balanced amino acid composition and have excellent solubility and digestibility. At present, the research on globulin mainly focuses on soybean protein, which is one of the most immunologically active factors in soybean antigen proteins, mainly including glycinin and β-conglycinin. When calves eat unmodified soybean protein, most of the glycinin can be degraded into small peptides and amino acids to be absorbed and utilized, but a small part of undegraded antigenic protein can pass through the small intestinal epithelium and enter the blood intact Allergic reactions occur in intestinal epithelial cells, decrease in proliferation ability, and changes in the level of intestinal inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause intestinal mucosal damage and affect the expression of repair and transport channel genes, and change the morphology of intestinal tissue , affecting the function of the digestive system.

2. Glamin: As a storage protein, gliadin mainly exists in wheat and corn, and its content in rice protein is relatively low. As a type I protein body (PB-I), gliadin contains a large number of hydrophobic amino acids, which are connected by hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds in the molecule. Because of its special physical and chemical properties, when the dietary protein When the source contains a large amount of prolamin components, it will bring some adverse effects. For example, when the content of prolamin is high, it will greatly increase the viscosity of the feed, which will bring more demanding requirements for the feed pelleting process; prolamin amino acids Unbalanced composition, especially gliadin, which is rich in sulfur-containing amino acids, especially glutamic acid, but lacks tryptophan and lysine; gliadin is not easily digested by endogenous animal enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin Digestive enzymatic hydrolysis, cannot be fully digested and absorbed. However, gliadin is rich in glutamine active peptides, and glutamine has the functions of intestinal mucosa repair and immunity enhancement for young animals, so gliadin still has the potential to be developed.

3. Glutenin: Glutenin is the main storage protein in rice protein, accounting for about 80% of the total protein, and is the main factor determining the functional characteristics of rice protein. Glutenin is a macromolecular protein polymer aggregated by intra-chain and inter-chain hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds. Compared with soluble protein, it is easier to be digested and hydrolyzed by proteases such as pepsin and trypsin. In addition, the amino acid composition of gluten is relatively balanced, rich in essential amino acids such as lysine, arginine, and glycine, and also has functional properties such as anti-oxidation and regulation of lipid metabolism. In general, prolamins have lower nutritional properties and digestibility than gluten.

In summary, the amino acid composition and protein component content directly affect the utilization efficiency of plant protein. There have been many studies on the amino acid composition and ratio in the diet of lactating calves, but the research on the functional properties of protein components is mainly concentrated in in vitro experiments. In conclusion, by studying the effect of the protein component ratio of different plant protein sources in milk replacer on ruminant young animals, it can provide a basis for the development and utilization of non-dairy protein sources in milk replacer, and can further reveal the mechanism of plant protein.

By virtue of the above technical solutions, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

According to the digestive physiological characteristics of ruminant young animals, the present invention first proposes the idea that protein components should be used as indicators when calculating the formula of milk replacer, and provides the appropriate content of each component in the total crude protein of milk replacer, which promotes the generation of milk substitutes. Standardization and precision of dairy production.

Production practice shows that the method provided by the present invention is feasible by using four protein components of globulin, gliadin, gluten and albumin as indicators to formulate milk replacer, and the ratio of the four protein components affects the health of animals. Utilization of nutrients can promote calf rumen development, increase the diversity of intestinal microbial communities, increase dry matter and nitrogen digestibility by 2.5 and 6.9 percentage points, and increase calcium deposition rate by 10.8 percentage points, thereby promoting growth and increasing the average daily weight gain by 18.5% %, the application prospect is broad.

Detailed ways

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The method of formulating double-protein milk replacer for young ruminants with the ratio of protein components as an index: the mass percentage of globulin, gliadin, glutenin and albumin in the total protein content of milk replacer, lysine , methionine, threonine, and tryptophan are used as the standard to formulate a dual-protein milk replacer containing milk protein and vegetable protein for ruminant young animals.

In the above method, the preparation of the milk replacer is divided into two parts: double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials.

Firstly, double protein concentrated powder is prepared, which is composed of dairy products, vegetable protein raw materials and amino acids, and the mass percentage of total crude protein is 40%-50%. When calculating the formula, in terms of dry matter, the mass percentage of total crude protein in the double protein concentrated powder is 40% to 50%; The mass percentages of globulin, gliadin, glutenin and albumin in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder are respectively: milk-derived protein 30%, globulin 12%-34%, gliadin 3%-8%, 13% to 18% of gluten, 8% to 12% of albumin; and after the double protein concentrate powder is hydrolyzed, lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan account for the mass of the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder The percentages are: lysine 7.2%-8.4%, methionine 2.4%-2.8%, threonine 4.1%-4.8%, tryptophan 1.3%-1.6%.

Further preferably, the mass percentage of the total crude protein of the double protein concentrated powder is 40%. In terms of dry matter, the mass percentages of milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, gliadin, gluten, and albumin from vegetable proteins in the double protein concentrated powder to the total crude protein of the double protein concentrated powder are: milk 30% source protein, 34% globulin, 4% prolamin, 13% gluten, 9% albumin; The mass percentages of the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder are: lysine 7.2%, methionine 2.4%, threonine 4.1%, tryptophan 1.3%.

Then prepare accessories. The auxiliary materials are composed of premixed feed containing vitamins and trace elements, mineral feed, glucose, dextrin, fat powder, etc.

Finally, the double-protein concentrated powder and auxiliary materials are mixed according to weight percentage (50%-60%): (40%-50), and the double-protein milk replacer for young ruminants is prepared. Preferably, the weight percentage of the two is 60%:40%.

All the raw materials mentioned in the above milk replacer can be purchased directly from the market. Dairy products include but not limited to whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder, whey powder, whey protein concentrate, etc. Vegetable protein raw materials include but not limited to protein concentrates and protein isolates produced from plant raw materials such as soybeans, rice, and wheat. The premixed feed is a special premixed feed for calves and lambs, which can provide (minimum guaranteed value) per kilogram of milk replacer: vitamin A 10,000-15,000 IU, vitamin D 2000-4000 IU, vitamin E 50-90g, vitamin B ₁ 0.1 -0.5mg, Vitamin B ₂ 0.2-0.8mg, Niacin 0.1-0.5mg; Iron 50-120mg, Copper 5-15mg, Zinc 50-120mg, Manganese 50-120mg, Selenium 0.1-0.5mg, Iodine 1.0-1.5mg , cobalt 0.2-0.8mg and other trace components.

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are all commercially available products.

Embodiment 1 Ruminant milk substitute and preparation method thereof

Formulate the dual protein milk replacer for young ruminants in the following manner.

① Preparation of Double Protein Concentrate Powder Ⅰ

Buy soybean protein isolate, wheat hydrolyzate protein, rice protein isolate, whole milk powder, whey powder and other raw materials from the market. The milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, prolamin, gluten, albumin, and other nitrogen-containing substances from plant protein raw materials account for the mass percentages of the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder in Table 1, and the total is 100%. . Respectively to supplement some amino acids, so that after the double protein concentrated powder is hydrolyzed, the mass percentages of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrated powder are respectively 7.2% for lysine and 2.4% for methionine. %, threonine 4.1%, tryptophan 1.3%, calculate the formula (table 1) of double protein concentrate powder I.

Table 1 Formula and nutrient content of double protein concentrate powder Ⅰ

raw material Formula ratio (%) Nutrient Index content(%) Isolated Soy Protein 19.3 crude protein 40 Wheat Protein Hydrolyzate 5.2 crude fat twenty four rice protein isolate 13.0 lactose twenty one whole milk powder 34.0 Dairy Protein/Crude Protein 30 whey powder 27.0 Globulin/Crude Protein 34 Lysine 0.3 gliadin/crude protein 4 Methionine 0.4 gluten/crude protein 18 threonine 0.6 albumin/crude protein 9 Tryptophan 0.2 Other nitrogenous substances/crude protein 5 total 100.0 Lysine/crude protein 7.2 Methionine/crude protein 2.4 Threonine/crude protein 4.1 Tryptophan/crude protein 1.3

② Preparation of auxiliary materials Ⅱ

Purchase 5% premixed feed for calves and lambs containing vitamins and trace elements, mineral feed (calcium carbonate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate), glucose, dextrin, fat powder, etc. from Beijing Precision Animal Nutrition Research Center, and prepare in proportion Accessories. Among them, 5% premixed feed for calves and lambs can provide per kilogram of milk replacer (minimum guaranteed value): vitamin A 1.0-15,000 IU, vitamin D 2000-4000IU, vitamin E 50-90g, vitamin B ₁ 0.1-0.5mg , Vitamin B ₂ 0.2-0.8mg, Niacin 0.1-0.5mg; Iron 50-120mg, Copper 5-15mg, Zinc 50-120mg, Manganese 50-120mg, Selenium 0.1-0.5mg, Iodine 1.0-1.5mg, Cobalt 0.2 - 0.8 mg of other minor ingredients (Table 2).

The composition formula of table 2 auxiliary material Ⅱ

raw material Formula ratio (%) Special premixed feed for calves and lambs 12.5 fat powder 7.5 glucose 25.0 dextrin 50.7 calcium carbonate 1.8 Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate 2.5 total 100.0

③Preparation of double protein milk replacer

The double protein milk replacer can be prepared by mixing the double protein concentrated powder I with the auxiliary material II according to the ratio of 60%:40% by weight.

④ Feeding method

Calves and lambs should eat a sufficient amount of colostrum within 24 hours after birth, and the feeding amount of colostrum should not be less than 10% of their body weight. Subsequently, the milk replacer of the present invention can be used from the age of 5 to 10 days. Boil the water cooled to 50-60°C, mix it evenly and feed it directly according to the weight ratio of water and milk replacer at 5:1. The daily feeding amount (calculated as milk replacer dry powder) is calculated as 2.0% of body weight. Feed 2-5 times a day.

Embodiment 2 Ruminant young animal milk substitute and preparation method thereof

Formulate the dual protein milk replacer for young ruminants in the following manner.

① Preparation of double protein concentrate powder Ⅲ

Buy soybean protein isolate, wheat hydrolyzate protein, rice protein isolate, whole milk powder, whey powder and other raw materials from the market. The mass percentages of milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, gliadin, gluten, albumin, and other nitrogen-containing substances from plant protein raw materials in the total crude protein of double protein concentrate powder are shown in Table 3, and the total is 100 %. Respectively to supplement some amino acids, so that after the double protein concentrated powder is hydrolyzed, the mass percentages of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrated powder are respectively 8.4% for lysine and 2.8% for methionine. %, threonine 4.8%, tryptophan 1.6%, calculate the formula (table 3) of double protein concentrate powder III.

Table 3 Double Protein Concentrate Powder III Formula and Nutrient Content

② Preparation of auxiliary materials Ⅳ

Purchase 5% premixed feed for calves and lambs containing vitamins and trace elements, mineral feed (calcium carbonate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate), glucose, dextrin, fat powder, etc. from Beijing Precision Animal Nutrition Research Center, and prepare them in proportion Accessories. Among them, 5% premixed feed for calves and lambs can provide per kilogram of milk replacer (minimum guaranteed value): vitamin A 1.0-15,000 IU, vitamin D 2000-4000IU, vitamin E 50-90g, vitamin B ₁ 0.1-0.5mg , Vitamin B ₂ 0.2-0.8mg, Niacin 0.1-0.5mg; Iron 50-120mg, Copper 5-15mg, Zinc 50-120mg, Manganese 50-120mg, Selenium 0.1-0.5mg, Iodine 1.0-1.5mg, Cobalt 0.2 - 0.8 mg and other minor components (Table 4).

The composition formula of table 4 auxiliary material Ⅳ

raw material Formula ratio (%) Special premixed feed for calves and lambs 10.0 fat powder 6.0 glucose 20.0 dextrin 60.6 calcium carbonate 1.4 Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate 2.0 total 100.0

③Preparation of double protein milk replacer

The double protein milk replacer can be prepared by mixing the double protein concentrated powder III with the auxiliary material IV according to the ratio of 50%:50% by weight.

④ Feeding method

Calves and lambs should eat a sufficient amount of colostrum within 24 hours after birth, and the feeding amount of colostrum should not be less than 10% of their body weight. Subsequently, the milk replacer of the present invention can be used from the age of 5 to 10 days. Boil the water cooled to 50-60°C, mix it evenly and feed it directly according to the weight ratio of water and milk replacer at 8:1. The daily feeding amount (calculated as milk replacer dry powder) is calculated as 1.5% of body weight. Feed 2-5 times a day.

Embodiment 3 Ruminant young animal milk replacer and preparation method thereof

Formulate the dual protein milk replacer for young ruminants in the following manner.

① Preparation of double protein concentrate powder Ⅴ

Buy soybean protein isolate, wheat hydrolyzate protein, rice protein isolate, whole milk powder, whey powder and other raw materials from the market. The mass percentages of milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, prolamin, gluten, albumin, and other nitrogen-containing substances from plant protein raw materials in the total crude protein of double protein concentrate powder are shown in Table 5, and the total is 100 %. Supplement some amino acids, so that after the double protein concentrated powder is hydrolyzed, the mass percentages of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan accounting for the total crude protein of the double protein concentrated powder are respectively 7.2% for lysine, 2.4% for methionine, and 2.4% for threonine. Amino acid 4.1%, tryptophan 1.3%, calculate the formula (table 5) of double protein concentrated powder V.

Table 5 Double protein concentrate powder Ⅴ formulation and nutrient content

raw material Formula ratio (%) Nutrient Index content(%) Isolated Soy Protein 5.0 crude protein 45 Wheat Protein Hydrolyzate 9.5 crude fat twenty four rice protein isolate 24.6 lactose 20 whole milk powder 33.2 Dairy Protein/Crude Protein 30 whey powder 26.5 Globulin/Crude Protein 13 Lysine 0.3 gliadin/crude protein 7 Methionine 0.25 gluten/crude protein 35 threonine 0.5 albumin/crude protein 11 Tryptophan 0.15 Other nitrogenous substances/crude protein 4 total 100.0 Lysine/crude protein 7.2 Methionine/crude protein 2.4 Threonine/crude protein 4.1 Tryptophan/crude protein 1.3

② Preparation of auxiliary materials Ⅵ

Purchase 5% premixed feed for calves and lambs containing vitamins and trace elements, mineral feed (calcium carbonate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate), glucose, dextrin, fat powder, etc. from Beijing Precision Animal Nutrition Research Center, and prepare them in proportion Accessories. Among them, 5% premixed feed for calves and lambs can provide per kilogram of milk replacer (minimum guaranteed value): vitamin A 1.0-15,000 IU, vitamin D 2000-4000IU, vitamin E 50-90g, vitamin B ₁ 0.1-0.5mg , Vitamin B ₂ 0.2-0.8mg, Niacin 0.1-0.5mg; Iron 50-120mg, Copper 5-15mg, Zinc 50-120mg, Manganese 50-120mg, Selenium 0.1-0.5mg, Iodine 1.0-1.5mg, Cobalt 0.2 - 0.8 mg and other minor components (Table 6).

Table 6 Composition formula of auxiliary material Ⅵ

raw material Formula ratio (%) Special premixed feed for calves and lambs 12.5 fat powder 7.5 glucose 23.3 dextrin 52.4 calcium carbonate 1.8 Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate 2.5 total 100.0

③Preparation of double protein milk replacer

The double protein milk replacer can be prepared by mixing the double protein concentrated powder III with the auxiliary material IV according to the ratio of 60%:40% by weight.

④ Feeding method

Calves and lambs should eat a sufficient amount of colostrum within 24 hours after birth, and the feeding amount of colostrum should not be less than 10% of their body weight. Subsequently, the milk replacer of the present invention can be used from the age of 5 to 10 days. Boil the water cooled to 50-60°C, mix it evenly and feed it directly according to the weight ratio of water and milk replacer at 8:1. The daily feeding amount (calculated as milk replacer dry powder) is calculated as 1.5% of body weight. Feed 2-5 times a day.

Experimental example 1

1. Materials and methods

① Experimental animals: 60 Holstein calves with a newborn weight of about 40kg and good growth conditions were selected. They were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 15 heads in each group.

②Experimental design and experimental diet: This experiment was designed according to single factor experiment. Set up the following 4 milk replacers:

A: Produce milk replacer powder with the formula currently used in the market, and use dairy products and soybean protein powder to prepare double protein concentrates. When calculating, the milk source protein accounts for 30% of the total protein mass percentage, and the plant source protein accounts for the total protein mass percentage. Based on 70% of the protein mass percentage, it is then mixed with the auxiliary material II of Example 1 to prepare a milk replacer. According to calculation, in the total crude protein content, milk protein accounted for 30%, globulin accounted for 55%, albumin accounted for 7%, gliadin and glutenin content were 0%.

B: the milk replacer prepared according to the method of Example 1.

C: the milk replacer prepared according to the method of Example 2.

D: The milk replacer prepared according to the method of Example 3.

The content of histone components in each treatment is shown in Table 7.

The content of main nutrients of four kinds of milk substitutes in the experimental example of table 7

project A B C D. Crude protein (%) 25 25 25 25 Crude fat (%) 16 16 16 16 calcium(%) 1 1 1 1 phosphorus(%) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Protein component content in crude protein Milk protein/crude protein (%) 30 30 30 30 Globulin/crude protein (%) 55 34 13 13 Glamin/crude protein (%) 0 4 11 7 Gluten/crude protein (%) 0 18 25 35 Albumin/crude protein (%) 7 9 17 11 Other nitrogenous substances/crude protein (%) 8 5 4 4 Amino acid content in crude protein Lysine/crude protein (%) 7.2 7.2 8.4 7.2 Methionine/crude protein (%) 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.4 Threonine/crude protein (%) 4.1 4.1 4.8 4.1 Tryptophan/crude protein (%) 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3

③ Feeding management

The calves selected in the experiment were fed with 4L of colostrum within 2 hours after birth, and 2L after 6 hours. After that, the calves were fed with colostrum and fresh milk, and the feeding amount was 10% of the calf's body weight. The ratio of feeding milk replacer to milk was gradually increased from 1:3 to 3:1, until the calves were all fed the milk replacer designed in the experiment when they were 8 days old. The specific feeding method is: brew the milk replacer with hot water cooled to 40-50°C after boiling, mix the hot water and milk replacer at a ratio of 1:5-8 (w/w), stir well to form an emulsion, and When the temperature drops to about 40°C, the calves are fed, and the calves are fed 3 times a day (08:00, 12:00, 18:00). The amount of dry powder of milk replacer is 1.5% to 2% of the calf's weight, and it should be adjusted in time as the calf's weight increases.

The calves were supplemented with starter feed at 3 weeks of age. The calf intake in each group was restricted. Starter feed intake and leftover feed were recorded daily. The experimental calves were reared in single stalls. In order to ensure the sanitation of the calf house, disinfect the house with quicklime once a week.

④Sample collection and determination

Growth performance indicators: Accurately record the supply and remaining amount of milk replacer and starter every day; measure body weight and body size before morning feeding at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age, and perform body condition scoring.

Digestion and metabolism performance: During the animal feeding test, 9 calves were randomly selected in each treatment group for digestion and metabolism test. The digestion and metabolism test was carried out at the age of 4 to 5 weeks for calves, for a total of 7 days, including 4 days of pre-feeding period and 3 days of official period. During digestion and metabolism trials, calves were fed only milk replacer. The daily actual feed intake, excrement and urine output of each calf were recorded in detail. Collect 10% of the total amount of daily feces as a mixed sample, then add 10ml of 10% dilute hydrochloric acid to every 100g of fresh feces to fix nitrogen, and store it in a freezer at -20°C until testing. Continuously collect 1% of the daily urine output of each cow as a mixed sample, and adjust the pH of the urine sample to ≤3.0 with 10% dilute hydrochloric acid. Representative dietary samples were collected daily during the trial period. Collected feed, feces, and urine samples were stored frozen at -20°C. The content of dry matter, total energy, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus in the diet and feces samples, as well as urine nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus were determined by referring to the methods in AOAC (2000). Calculate the digestibility of nutrients and the deposition rate of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the diet.

Gastrointestinal tract development: Before the calf was fed in the morning at the age of 64 days, the calf was fully anesthetized with 4% pentobarbital sodium solution (40 mg/kg) and then slaughtered. Open the abdominal cavity, ligate the anterior and posterior junctions of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, take them out, and place them in a porcelain plate. After pouring out the contents, wash them with normal saline, blot up the water with gauze, weigh and record the weights of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum respectively. After clearing the chyme from the small intestine and large intestine, the weights were weighed and recorded respectively.

Bacterial flora of intestinal contents: At the age of 64 days, 6 healthy calves with close to average body weight were selected for slaughter, and the untreated ileal contents were collected in 2mL cryopreservation tubes, and immediately put into liquid Store in nitrogen, bring back to the laboratory and store at -80°C until testing.

After the genomic DNA was extracted from the ileum content, the purity and concentration of the DNA were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the diluted genomic DNA was used as a template to select the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA, and specific primers with barcode (338F and 806R, the sequence is 5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3' and 5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3') for PCR amplification. Detected by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and recovered by AxyPrepDNA gel. The PCR products were detected and quantified with the QuantiFluor ^TM -st blue fluorescence quantitative system, and then mixed according to the sequencing volume requirements of each sample, and the library was constructed using the TruSeq ^TM DNA Sample Prep Kit, Hiseq2500 PE250 On-machine sequencing. The PE reads obtained by Miseq sequencing are first spliced according to the overlap relationship, and at the same time quality control and filtering are performed on the sequence quality, and OUT cluster analysis and species taxonomy analysis are performed after distinguishing samples. Based on the OTU cluster analysis results, species diversity of OTU can be carried out Sex index analysis and detection of sequencing depth; based on taxonomic information, statistical analysis of community structure can be performed at various taxonomic levels. On the basis of the above analysis, a series of in-depth statistical and visual analyzes such as multivariate analysis and significant difference test can be carried out on the community composition and system information of the samples.

⑤ Statistical analysis of data

The experimental data were analyzed with SAS 9.2 software one-way ANOVA or MIXED model, and multiple comparisons or least significant difference (LSD) pairwise comparisons were performed when the differences were significant. In statistical analysis, P﹤0.05 was considered as significant difference, and P between 0.05 and 0.10 indicated that there was an increasing or decreasing trend.

2. Results and Analysis

2.1 Growth performance

Table 8 shows the effects of different formulations of milk replacer on calf weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and body size. It can be seen from the data that, compared with the milk replacer of Group A, which only uses soybean protein and globulin accounts for 55% of the total protein, the milk replacer using several plant protein materials mixed according to different protein component ratios has a greater impact on the average daily growth rate of calves. The effects of weight, body height, and body oblique length on growth performance are better, and the average daily weight gain of group B is significantly higher than group A (P<0.05), and group C and D are higher than group C, but the statistical difference is not significant (P>0.05) ), groups B, C, and D were respectively 18.5%, 9.7%, and 3.9% higher than group A; at 28 and 42 days of age, group B was significantly higher than group A (P<0.05); In terms of length, group B, C, and D were all higher than group A by 1.7%, 1.8%, and 1.6% (P<0.05); the body height of group B and D at 56 days was higher than that of group A (P<0.05), and the data of group C slightly higher than group A. Compared among groups B, C, and D, the average daily gain showed a change rule of B>C>D. This shows that under the condition that lysine, egg, threonine and tryptophan remain the same, different protein components will still lead to differences in the growth performance of calves, which proves that it is necessary to use protein components to formulate milk replacers. Using four protein components of globulin, gliadin, gluten and albumin to formulate milk replacer has better effect than the milk replacer containing only globulin and albumin; Growth performance also has an effect, with the formula provided by the present invention being more effective.

Table 8 Effects of different milk replacers on growth performance of calves

Note: Different lowercase letters on the shoulders of peer data indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The table below is the same.

2.2 Digestion and metabolism of nutrients

Table 9 shows the changes in the nutrient digestibility and deposition rate of calves at the age of 4 to 5 weeks after the milk replacers prepared by different preparation methods are fed to calves. It can be seen from the data that, compared with the milk replacer of group A, which only uses soybean protein and globulin accounts for 55% of the total protein, the milk replacer using several plant protein materials mixed according to different protein component ratios has a greater effect on the digestion of nutrients for calves. rate has some influence. The data showed that the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of calves aged 4 to 5 weeks was 2.5 and 6.9, 2.4 and 4.8 percentage points higher in groups B and C than in group A respectively (P<0.05), and the value of group D was higher than that in group A group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), which was similar to the daily weight gain; the calcium deposition rate was also affected, and group B was significantly higher than group A by 10.8 percentage points (P<0.05), and groups C and D were between the two and the difference was not significant (P>0.05), similar to the body size data. This shows that when lysine, egg, threonine, and tryptophan remain the same, different protein components will still lead to differences in the digestibility and deposition rate of nutrients for calves, which proves that the use of protein components to formulate milk replacers has necessity. Using four protein components of globulin, gliadin, gluten and albumin to formulate milk replacer has better effect than the milk replacer containing only globulin and albumin; Growth performance also has an effect, with the formula provided by the present invention being more effective.

Table 9 Effects of different milk replacers on nutrient digestibility of 4-5 week-old calves

2.3 Gastrointestinal organ development

Table 10 shows the effects of different formulation methods on calf digestive tract weight. It can be seen from the data that compared with the milk replacer of group A, which only uses soybean protein and globulin accounts for 55% of the total protein, the milk replacer using several plant protein materials mixed according to different protein component ratios has a greater effect on the total protein content of calves. weight, rumen weight, and rumen volume, among which group B≥C and group D≥group A (P<0.05); although there was no significant difference in the proportion of rumen to the total weight of compound stomach (P>0.05), the values of B, Group C was 6.7 and 2.1 percentage points higher than Group A. This shows that when lysine, egg, threonine, and tryptophan remain the same, the digestible and usable protein brought to calves by diets with different protein components is not consistent, and the nutrients supplied to calves for rumen growth and development are also different. different, wherein the effect of the milk replacer provided by the present invention is better.

Table 10 Effects of different milk replacers on calf gastrointestinal tract development

project A B C D. SEM P value Total stomach weight, kg 2.1 ^b 2.8 ^a 2.4 ^ab 2.2 ^ab 0.32 0.035 Rumen weight, kg 1.4 ^b 1.8 ^a 1.3 ^b 1.3 ^b 0.17 0.046 The ratio of rumen to the total weight of compound stomach, % 58.5 65.8 60.6 59.5 3.88 0.187 Rumen volume, L 8.1 ^c 12.2 ^a 10.3^b 9.3 ^b 0.44 0.346 Total intestinal weight, kg 4.9 6.2 5.5 5.6 0.26 0.358 Weight of duodenum, kg 0.09^b 0.09^b 0.10^ab 0.11^a 0.027 0.087 Jejunum weight, kg 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.17 0.759 Ileum weight, kg 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.07 0.220

2.4 Microflora of ileum contents

16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that a total of 834,144 effective sequences were obtained from 24 ileal content samples, and the sequences were clustered into 1120 OUTs with 97% concordance, the coverage index was 0.99, and the sequencing depth met the follow-up data analysis.

Table 11 Effects on Calf Ileum Microbial Diversity

It can be seen from Table 11 that the ileal microbial sobs index and chao index of calves in group B were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups (P<0.05), and the ace index tended to increase (P=0.094). There was no significant difference in Shannon index and Simpson index among the treatment groups (P>0.05). The sob index and the chao index reflect the richness of the microbial community. The test results showed that the milk substitutes of group B could increase the richness of the intestinal microbial community compared with the milk substitutes of group A.

Table 12 The relative abundance of major bacteria in the ileum content of calves in each group (%) (phylum level)

It can be seen from Table 12 that at the phylum level, the milk replacer prepared with the protein component as the target can change the structure of the ileal flora. Elevated (P<0.05), it has a positive effect on maintaining the intestinal environment and development. Comprehensive comparison, group B is better than group A, group C and group D are in between.

The above test results show that the method provided by the present invention to prepare milk substitutes using four protein components of globulin, gliadin, gluten, and albumin as indicators is feasible, and the proportional relationship of the four protein components affects animal health. Nutrients are utilized, so the effects on growth and development are inconsistent, and the range of protein components provided by the present invention is more advantageous. Compared with the common A-group milk substitutes in current production, the B-group milk replacers can promote calf rumen development, increase the diversity of intestinal microbial communities, increase the dry matter and nitrogen digestibility by 2.5 and 6.9 percentage points, and increase the calcium deposition rate 10.8 percentage points, thereby promoting the growth of calves, and the average daily gain increased by 18.5%. Groups C and D are in between.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The young ruminant milk substitute is characterized in that the milk substitute is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 5-6:4-5; The double protein concentrated powder is composed of dairy products, vegetable protein and amino acids; wherein, in terms of dry matter, the mass percentage of total crude protein in the double protein concentrated powder is 40% to 50%; the double protein concentrated The mass percentages of milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, prolamin, gluten, and albumin from vegetable protein in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder are: milk-derived protein 30%, globulin 12% % to 34%, prolamin 3% to 8%, gluten 13% to 18%, albumin 8% to 12%; The mass percentages of tryptophan in the total crude protein of double protein concentrate powder are: lysine 7.2%-8.4%, methionine 2.4%-2.8%, threonine 4.1%-4.8%, tryptophan 1.3%-1.6% %; The auxiliary material is a premix containing vitamins, trace elements, minerals, glucose, dextrin and fat powder. 2. The milk replacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, in terms of dry matter, in the double protein concentrate powder, milk-derived protein from dairy products and globulin, gliadin, gluten, The mass percentages of albumin in the total crude protein of the double protein concentrate powder are respectively: milk-derived protein 30%, globulin 34%, gliadin 4%, glutenin 13%, albumin 9%; and the double protein concentrate After the powder is hydrolyzed, the mass percentages of lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan in the total crude protein of double protein concentrate powder are: lysine 7.2%, methionine 2.4%, threonine 4.1%, tryptophan Acid 1.3%. 3. The milk replacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the auxiliary materials are mixed by the following components by weight: 10-12.5 parts of special premixed feed for calves and lambs, 6-7.5 parts of fat powder, glucose 20-25.0 parts, 50.7-60.6 parts of dextrin, 1.4-1.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-2.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate. 4. The milk substitute according to claim 1, characterized in that, the milk substitute is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 6:4. 5. The milk replacer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, the premix provides per kilogram of milk replacer: vitamin A 1.0-15,000 IU, vitamin D 2000-4000 IU, vitamin E 50 -90g, Vitamin B ₁ 0.1-0.5mg, Vitamin B ₂ 0.2-0.8mg, Niacin 0.1-0.5mg; Iron 50-120mg, Copper 5-15mg, Zinc 50-120mg, Manganese 50-120mg, Selenium 0.1-0.5 mg, iodine 1.0-1.5mg and cobalt 0.2-0.8mg; and/or The dairy product is selected from at least one of whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder, whey powder, and concentrated whey protein; and/or The vegetable protein refers to concentrated protein, isolated protein, and hydrolyzed protein extracted from plants; preferably, the plant is selected from at least one of soybean, rice, and wheat. 6. The milk substitute according to claim 1, characterized in that, said milk substitute is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 6:4; The mass percentage of total crude protein in the double protein concentrated powder is 40%; the described double protein concentrated powder includes the following components in mass percentage: soybean protein isolate 19.3%, wheat hydrolyzed protein 5.2%, rice isolate Protein 13.0%, whole milk powder 34.0%, whey powder 27.0%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.4%, threonine 0.6% and tryptophan 0.2%; The auxiliary materials include the following components in mass percentage: 12.5% premixed feed for calves and lambs, 7.5% fat powder, 25.0% glucose, 50.7% dextrin, 1.8% calcium carbonate and 2.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate. 7. The milk substitute according to claim 1, characterized in that, the milk substitute is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 5:5; The mass percentage of total crude protein in the double-protein concentrated powder is 50%; the double-protein concentrated powder includes the following components in mass percentage: soybean protein isolate 5.0%, wheat hydrolyzed protein 20.0%, rice isolate 13.3% protein, 33.2% whole milk powder, 26.5% whey powder, 0.6% lysine, 0.5% methionine, 0.7% threonine and 0.2% tryptophan; The auxiliary materials include the following components in mass percentage: 10.0% premixed feed for calves and lambs, 6.0% fat powder, 20.0% glucose, 60.6% dextrin, 1.4% calcium carbonate and 2.0% calcium dihydrogen phosphate. 8. The milk substitute according to claim 1, characterized in that, said milk substitute is formed by mixing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials in a weight ratio of 6:4; The mass percentage of total crude protein in the double-protein concentrated powder is 45%; the double-protein concentrated powder includes the following components in mass percentage: soybean protein isolate 5.0%, wheat hydrolyzed protein 9.5%, rice isolate 24.6% protein, 33.2% whole milk powder, 26.5% whey powder, 0.3% lysine, 0.25% methionine, 0.5% threonine and 0.15% tryptophan; The auxiliary materials include the following components in mass percentage: 12.5% premixed feed for calves and lambs, 7.5% fat powder, 23.3% glucose, 52.4% dextrin, 1.8% calcium carbonate and 2.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate. 9. The preparation method of the milk substitute according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the method comprises preparing double protein concentrate powder and auxiliary materials respectively, and then mixing the two in proportion; Wherein, the double protein concentrate powder is prepared by mixing dairy products, vegetable protein and amino acids in proportion; the auxiliary materials are mixed in proportion with vitamins, trace elements, minerals, glucose, dextrin, fat powder and premix made. 10. The application of the milk substitute described in any one of claims 1-8 in ruminant breeding.