CN110293325A - A kind of slab laser cutting method - Google Patents
A kind of slab laser cutting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110293325A CN110293325A CN201910688542.5A CN201910688542A CN110293325A CN 110293325 A CN110293325 A CN 110293325A CN 201910688542 A CN201910688542 A CN 201910688542A CN 110293325 A CN110293325 A CN 110293325A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种厚板激光切割方法，其特征在于：步骤1：将电磁线圈固定在激光切割头上，可随激光切割头移动；步骤2：将待切割工件竖直放置并固定；步骤3：在激光切割轨迹中定义拐角切割引入段和引出段；步骤4：启动激光切割系统，开启切割辅助气体，启动电磁场电源，激光束垂直辐照待切割工件表面，实现厚板激光切割；步骤5：当激光束移动到拐角切割引入段起始点时，调节电磁场电源，开始拐角区域切割；步骤6：当激光束移动到拐角切割引出段终止点时，调节电磁场电源，结束拐角区域切割；步骤7：达到切割末端点时，关闭激光发生器，关闭电磁场电源，关闭切割辅助气体，完成切割过程。相对于现有技术，本发明具有良好的切割效果。
The invention relates to a thick plate laser cutting method, which is characterized in that: Step 1: Fix the electromagnetic coil on the laser cutting head, which can move with the laser cutting head; Step 2: Place and fix the workpiece to be cut vertically; Step 3 : Define the corner cutting lead-in section and lead-out section in the laser cutting track; Step 4: Start the laser cutting system, turn on the cutting auxiliary gas, start the electromagnetic field power supply, and the laser beam vertically irradiates the surface of the workpiece to be cut to realize laser cutting of thick plates; Step 5 : When the laser beam moves to the starting point of the lead-in section of corner cutting, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply to start corner area cutting; Step 6: When the laser beam moves to the end point of the corner cutting lead-in section, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply to end the corner area cutting; Step 7 : When reaching the cutting end point, turn off the laser generator, turn off the electromagnetic field power supply, turn off the cutting auxiliary gas, and complete the cutting process. Compared with the prior art, the invention has good cutting effect.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种激光切割方法，尤其涉及一种厚板激光切割的方法。The invention relates to a laser cutting method, in particular to a thick plate laser cutting method.
背景技术Background technique
目前，激光切割技术已大规模在钣金加工、冶金设备、工程机械、精密配件、工艺礼品、家用电器等诸多领域应用。目前传统的激光切割金属主要采用的是利用切割头内的光学系统汇聚到材料表面使其融化，并通过提供辅助气体吹除融化材料来实现切割。但在利用光纤激光切割厚不锈钢板的时候，在拐角处激光能量在密集积累，容易造成拐角处“逆喷”现象，导致切割无法进行。At present, laser cutting technology has been widely used in sheet metal processing, metallurgical equipment, construction machinery, precision accessories, craft gifts, household appliances and many other fields. At present, the traditional laser cutting metal mainly uses the optical system in the cutting head to converge on the surface of the material to melt it, and provides auxiliary gas to blow off the melted material to achieve cutting. However, when fiber laser is used to cut thick stainless steel plates, the laser energy is intensively accumulated at the corners, which may easily cause the phenomenon of "reverse spraying" at the corners, resulting in the inability to cut.
在2014年05月07日公布的，公布号为“CN 103771694 A”，发明名称为“激光切割方法以及切割系统”的发明专利公布了一种玻璃基板的激光切割方法以及切割系统，该切割方法为通过在切割线的外部形成切割辅助线的方式，来增加激光切割形成切割线时对基板的应力破坏点，便于基板切割后的分割与分离，但该方法仍存在问题：当采用脉冲激光切割或激光切割功率较低，所形成切割线不能很好地使基板分离。Published on May 07, 2014, the publication number is "CN 103771694 A", and the invention patent titled "Laser Cutting Method and Cutting System" discloses a laser cutting method and cutting system for glass substrates. The cutting method In order to increase the stress damage point on the substrate when laser cutting forms the cutting line by forming the cutting auxiliary line outside the cutting line, it is convenient for the division and separation of the substrate after cutting, but there are still problems in this method: when pulsed laser cutting is used Or the laser cutting power is low, and the formed cutting line cannot separate the substrate well.
在2016年05月25日公布的，公布号为“CN 103906597 B”，发明名称为“激光切割方法以及切割装置”的发明专利公布了激光切割方法以及切割装置，在激光切割中，使切割燃气在激光束的周围流动，通过照射到被加工材料的激光束的能量和被加工材料与切割燃气的氧化反应的能量使被加工材料熔化，熔融的金属通过切割气体的动能而被排出，但该方法仍存在问题：被加工材料过渡熔融，从而在切断终点附近难以确保所期望的工件形状的情况。Published on May 25, 2016, the publication number is "CN 103906597 B", and the invention patent titled "Laser cutting method and cutting device" discloses a laser cutting method and a cutting device. In laser cutting, cutting gas Flowing around the laser beam, the energy of the laser beam irradiated to the material to be processed and the energy of the oxidation reaction between the material and the cutting gas melt the material to be processed, and the molten metal is discharged by the kinetic energy of the cutting gas, but the There is still a problem with the method that the material to be processed is excessively melted, making it difficult to secure a desired shape of the workpiece near the cutting end point.
在2019年01月04日公开的，公开号为“CN 109128502 A”，发明名称为“一种旋转电-磁场同步辅助激光焊接的装置 ”的发明专利公开了一种旋转电-磁场同步辅助激光焊接的装置 ，本发明可实现旋转磁场及恒定电场简便、快速以及强度大小的连续调节，并保证了电、磁场随焊接激光束的同步运动，再通过设置合理的功率、焦距、离焦量、氦保护气体流量等激光工艺参数，从而提高了激光焊接焊缝成形质量。Published on January 04, 2019, the invention patent with the publication number "CN 109128502 A" and the invention title "A device for rotating electric-magnetic field synchronously assisted laser welding" discloses a rotating electric-magnetic field synchronously assisted laser Welding device, the invention can realize the simple and rapid adjustment of the rotating magnetic field and the constant electric field, and the continuous adjustment of the intensity, and ensures the synchronous movement of the electric and magnetic fields with the welding laser beam, and then by setting reasonable power, focal length, defocus amount, Laser process parameters such as helium shielding gas flow, thereby improving the quality of laser welding seam formation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是解决激光切割厚板拐角处出现熔融金属向上发生“逆喷”现象，致使切割无法继续进行的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the "back spray" phenomenon of molten metal at the corner of the laser cutting thick plate causes the cutting to be unable to continue.
本发明的技术方案是提供一种厚板激光切割方法，其特征在于：The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a thick plate laser cutting method, characterized in that:
步骤1：将电磁线圈固定在激光切割头上，可随激光切割头移动。Step 1: Fix the electromagnetic coil on the laser cutting head, which can move with the laser cutting head.
步骤2：将待切割工件竖直放置并固定。Step 2: Place and fix the workpiece to be cut vertically.
步骤3：在激光切割轨迹中定义拐角切割引入段和引出段。Step 3: Define corner cutting lead-in and lead-out segments in the laser cutting track.
步骤4：启动激光切割系统，开启切割辅助气体，启动电磁场电源，激光束垂直辐照待切割工件表面，实现厚板激光切割。Step 4: Start the laser cutting system, turn on the cutting auxiliary gas, start the electromagnetic field power supply, and irradiate the laser beam vertically on the surface of the workpiece to be cut to realize laser cutting of thick plates.
步骤5：当激光束移动到拐角切割引入段起始点时，调节电磁场电源，开始拐角区域切割。Step 5: When the laser beam moves to the starting point of the corner cutting lead-in section, adjust the electromagnetic field power to start cutting the corner area.
步骤6：当激光束移动到拐角切割引出段终止点时，调节电磁场电源，结束拐角区域切割。Step 6: When the laser beam moves to the termination point of the lead-out segment for corner cutting, adjust the power supply of the electromagnetic field to end the cutting of the corner area.
步骤7：达到切割末端点时，关闭激光发生器，关闭电磁场电源，关闭切割辅助气体，完成切割过程。Step 7: When the cutting end point is reached, turn off the laser generator, turn off the electromagnetic field power supply, turn off the cutting auxiliary gas, and complete the cutting process.
进一步地，在步骤2中，待切割工件为不锈钢板。Further, in step 2, the workpiece to be cut is a stainless steel plate.
进一步地，待切割工件厚度为15 ~30 mm。Further, the thickness of the workpiece to be cut is 15-30 mm.
进一步地，在步骤3中，待切割工件拐角形式为圆弧或直线相交拐角。Further, in step 3, the corners of the workpiece to be cut are in the form of arcs or intersection corners of straight lines.
进一步地，在步骤3中，拐角切割引入段为拐角终止点开始的一段直线切割区。Further, in step 3, the corner cutting lead-in section is a straight cutting area starting from the corner end point.
进一步地，拐角切割引入段长度d1为10~30 mm。Further, the length d 1 of the corner cutting introduction section is 10-30 mm.
进一步地，在步骤3中，拐角切割引出段为距离拐角起始点的一段直线切割区。Further, in step 3, the corner cutting lead-out section is a section of straight line cutting area away from the starting point of the corner.
进一步地，拐角切割引出段长度d2为10~20 mm。Further, the length d 2 of the corner cutting lead-out section is 10-20 mm.
进一步地，在步骤4中，切割辅助气体选择氮气，纯度为99.999 %。Further, in step 4, nitrogen is selected as the auxiliary gas for cutting, and the purity is 99.999%.
进一步地，切割辅助气体压力为1.5~3 MPa。Further, the cutting auxiliary gas pressure is 1.5-3 MPa.
进一步地，在步骤4中，启动电磁场电源，电磁线圈产生的电磁场大小为0.1~1 T。Further, in step 4, the electromagnetic field power supply is started, and the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is 0.1-1 T.
进一步地，在步骤5中，调节电磁场电源，使得电磁线圈产生的电磁场大小增大。Further, in step 5, the electromagnetic field power supply is adjusted so that the magnitude of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil increases.
进一步地，电磁场大小为0.5~5 T。Further, the magnitude of the electromagnetic field is 0.5-5 T.
进一步地，在步骤6中，调节电磁场电源，使得电磁线圈产生的电磁场大小减小。Further, in step 6, the electromagnetic field power supply is adjusted so that the magnitude of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil decreases.
进一步地，电磁场大小为0.1~1 T。Further, the magnitude of the electromagnetic field is 0.1-1 T.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1）在本发明中，通过在激光切割过程中加入电磁场，可以对激光切割熔融金属提供一个向喷出方向的外力——洛伦兹力，如此激光切割区域熔融金属向喷出方向的流动更加有序，特别地厚板拐角处切割区域熔融金属流动得到有效控制实现有序流动，从而大大改善激光切割厚板切割效果，避免了拐角处熔融金属“逆喷”现象。1) In the present invention, by adding an electromagnetic field during the laser cutting process, an external force in the direction of ejection can be provided to the laser-cut molten metal—Lorentz force, so that the molten metal in the laser cutting area flows in the direction of ejection more smoothly. Orderly, especially the flow of molten metal in the cutting area at the corner of the thick plate is effectively controlled to achieve an orderly flow, thereby greatly improving the cutting effect of laser cutting thick plates and avoiding the phenomenon of "reverse spraying" of molten metal at the corner.
2）在本发明中，通过施加电磁场的方式为切割区域熔融金属提供了较大的外力，可以减小激光功率和保护气体消耗，减少运行成本。2) In the present invention, a large external force is provided for the molten metal in the cutting area by applying an electromagnetic field, which can reduce laser power and protective gas consumption, and reduce operating costs.
3）采用本发明所述方法进行厚板拐角处切割速率大，提高了切割效率。3) The cutting rate at the corner of the thick plate is high by adopting the method of the present invention, which improves the cutting efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是厚板拐角处切割区域示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cutting area at the corner of a thick plate.
图2是厚板拐角处常规激光切割过程示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the conventional laser cutting process at the corner of a thick plate.
图3是本发明所述厚板激光切割过程示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the thick plate laser cutting process of the present invention.
图4是具体实施方式一切割路径示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cutting path of a specific embodiment.
图5是具体实施方式二切割路径示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cutting path in the second embodiment.
其中：1、激光切割头，2、激光束，3、洛伦兹力方向，4、同轴保护气体，5、割缝，6、熔池，7、待切割工件，8、电磁线圈，9、逆喷熔融金属，10、等离子体，11、拐角切割引入段起始点，12、拐角起始点，13、拐角终止点，14、拐角切割引出段终止点，15、电磁场电源。Among them: 1. Laser cutting head, 2. Laser beam, 3. Lorentz force direction, 4. Coaxial shielding gas, 5. Slit, 6. Melting pool, 7. Workpiece to be cut, 8. Electromagnetic coil, 9 10. Plasma, 11. Starting point of leading-in section of corner cutting, 12. Starting point of corner, 13. Ending point of corner, 14. Ending point of leading-out section of corner cutting, 15. Electromagnetic field power supply.
具体实施方式1：Specific implementation mode 1:
以下将结合附图1-4以及具体实施例来对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-4 and specific embodiments.
如图1-4所示，本发明实施例中，一种厚板激光切割方法包括如下步骤。As shown in FIGS. 1-4 , in an embodiment of the present invention, a thick plate laser cutting method includes the following steps.
步骤1：将电磁线圈8固定在激光切割头1上，可随激光切割头1移动；本实例中，电磁场大小可调节范围为0.1~5 T。Step 1: Fix the electromagnetic coil 8 on the laser cutting head 1, which can move with the laser cutting head 1; in this example, the adjustable range of the electromagnetic field is 0.1~5 T.
步骤2：将待切割工件7竖直放置并固定；本实例中，待切割工件7厚度为15 ~30mm。Step 2: Place and fix the workpiece 7 to be cut vertically; in this example, the thickness of the workpiece 7 to be cut is 15-30mm.
步骤3：在激光切割轨迹中定义拐角切割引入段和引出段；本实例中，待切割工件拐角形式为圆弧，拐角切割引入段为距离拐角起始点12的一段直线切割区，其长度d1为10~30 mm，拐角切割引出段为拐角终止点13开始的一段直线切割区，其长度d2为10~20 mm。Step 3: Define the lead-in section and lead-out section of corner cutting in the laser cutting track; in this example, the corner form of the workpiece to be cut is a circular arc, and the lead-in section of corner cutting is a straight line cutting area 12 away from the starting point of the corner, and its length is d 1 is 10~30 mm, and the corner cutting lead-out section is a section of straight cutting area starting from the corner termination point 13, and its length d2 is 10~20 mm.
步骤4：启动激光切割系统，开启切割辅助气体，启动电磁场电源15，激光束2垂直辐照待切割工件表面；本实例中，当开始切割方向为竖直切割时调整电磁场大小为0.2~0.3T，切割辅助气体压力为1.5~3 MPa。Step 4: Start the laser cutting system, turn on the cutting auxiliary gas, start the electromagnetic field power supply 15, and the laser beam 2 vertically irradiates the surface of the workpiece to be cut; in this example, when the starting cutting direction is vertical cutting, adjust the size of the electromagnetic field to 0.2~0.3T , the cutting auxiliary gas pressure is 1.5~3 MPa.
步骤5：当激光束2移动到拐角切割引入段起始点12时，调节电磁场电源15，开始拐角区域切割；本实例中，调节电磁场电源15，使得电磁线圈8产生的电磁场增大，电磁场大小调节为0.5 ~1 T。Step 5: When the laser beam 2 moves to the starting point 12 of the corner cutting lead-in section, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 to start corner area cutting; in this example, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 increases, and the size of the electromagnetic field is adjusted 0.5 ~ 1T.
步骤6：当激光束2移动到拐角切割终止点13时，即进入水平方向切割后，调节电磁场电源15，结束拐角区域切割；本实例中，调节电磁场电源15，使得电磁线圈8产生的电磁场减小，电磁场大小调节为0.3~0.8 T。Step 6: When the laser beam 2 moves to the corner cutting end point 13, after entering the horizontal direction cutting, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 to end the corner area cutting; in this example, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 decreases Small, the size of the electromagnetic field is adjusted to 0.3~0.8 T.
步骤7：达到切割末端点时，关闭激光发生器，关闭电磁场电源15，关闭切割辅助气体，完成切割过程。Step 7: When the cutting end point is reached, turn off the laser generator, turn off the electromagnetic field power supply 15, turn off the cutting auxiliary gas, and complete the cutting process.
在本实施例中，通过在激光切割过程中加入电磁场，可以对激光切割熔融金属提供一个向喷出方向的外力——洛伦兹力，如此激光切割区域熔融金属向喷出方向的流动更加有序，特别地厚板拐角处切割区域熔融金属流动得到有效控制实现有序流动，从而大大改善激光切割厚板切割效果，避免了拐角处熔融金属“逆喷”现象。In this embodiment, by adding an electromagnetic field during the laser cutting process, an external force in the direction of ejection can be provided to the laser-cut molten metal—Lorentz force, so that the flow of molten metal in the laser cutting area to the ejection direction is more effective. In particular, the flow of molten metal in the cutting area at the corner of the thick plate is effectively controlled to achieve an orderly flow, thereby greatly improving the cutting effect of laser cutting thick plates and avoiding the phenomenon of "reverse spraying" of molten metal at the corner.
具体实施方式2：Specific implementation mode 2:
结合附图5对本发明的另一个实施方式进行详细说明。Another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5 .
该实施例中，厚板激光切割方法包括以下几个步骤：In this embodiment, the thick plate laser cutting method includes the following steps:
步骤1：将电磁线圈8固定在激光切割头1上，可随激光切割头1移动；本实例中，电磁场大小可调节范围为0.1~5 T。Step 1: Fix the electromagnetic coil 8 on the laser cutting head 1, which can move with the laser cutting head 1; in this example, the adjustable range of the electromagnetic field is 0.1~5 T.
步骤2：将待切割工件7竖直放置并固定；本实例中，待切割工件7厚度为15 ~30mm。Step 2: Place and fix the workpiece 7 to be cut vertically; in this example, the thickness of the workpiece 7 to be cut is 15-30mm.
步骤3：在激光切割轨迹中定义拐角切割引入段和引出段；本实例中，待切割工件拐角形式为直线相交拐角，拐角切割引入段为距离拐角起始点11的一段直线切割区，其长度d1为10~30 mm，拐角切割引出段为拐角终止点13开始的一段直线切割区，其长度d2为10~20 mm。Step 3: Define the lead-in section and lead-out section of corner cutting in the laser cutting track; in this example, the corner form of the workpiece to be cut is a straight line intersection corner, and the lead-in section of corner cutting is a straight line cutting area 11 away from the starting point of the corner, and its length is d 1 is 10-30 mm, and the corner cutting lead-out section is a section of linear cutting area starting from the corner end point 13, and its length d 2 is 10-20 mm.
步骤4：启动激光切割系统，开启切割辅助气体，启动电磁场电源15，激光束2垂直辐照待切割工件表面；本实例中，当开始切割方向为水平切割时调整电磁场为0.3~0.8 T，切割辅助气体压力为1.5~3 MPa。Step 4: Start the laser cutting system, turn on the cutting auxiliary gas, start the electromagnetic field power supply 15, and the laser beam 2 vertically irradiates the surface of the workpiece to be cut; The auxiliary gas pressure is 1.5~3 MPa.
步骤5：当激光束2移动到拐角切割引入段起始点12时，调节电磁场电源15，开始拐角区域切割；本实例中，调节电磁场电源15，使得电磁线圈8产生的电磁场大小增大，电磁场大小调节为0.8~1.2 T。Step 5: When the laser beam 2 moves to the starting point 12 of the corner cutting lead-in section, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 to start cutting the corner area; Adjust to 0.8~1.2T.
步骤6：当激光束2移动到拐角切割终止点13时，即进入竖直方向切割后，调节电磁场电源15，结束拐角区域切割；本实例中，调节电磁场电源15，使得电磁线圈8产生的电磁场减小，电磁场大小调节为0.3~0.5 T。Step 6: When the laser beam 2 moves to the corner cutting end point 13, after entering the vertical direction cutting, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 to end the corner area cutting; in this example, adjust the electromagnetic field power supply 15 so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 Decrease, adjust the size of the electromagnetic field to 0.3~0.5 T.
步骤7：达到切割末端点时，关闭激光发生器，关闭电磁场电源15，关闭切割辅助气体，完成切割过程。Step 7: When the cutting end point is reached, turn off the laser generator, turn off the electromagnetic field power supply 15, turn off the cutting auxiliary gas, and complete the cutting process.
上述实施例为本发明的常见实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制。其它任何未背离本发明精神实质及原理所做的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应视为等效置换方式，包含在本发明保护范围之内。The above examples are common implementations of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above examples. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be regarded as equivalent replacements, and shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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