CN110212256B - Repairing and matching method for returned storage batteries - Google Patents
Repairing and matching method for returned storage batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212256B CN110212256B CN201910328203.6A CN201910328203A CN110212256B CN 110212256 B CN110212256 B CN 110212256B CN 201910328203 A CN201910328203 A CN 201910328203A CN 110212256 B CN110212256 B CN 110212256B
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing and matching returned storage batteries. The invention relates to a repairing and matching method for returned storage batteries, which comprises the steps of grading through open-circuit voltage, serially connecting for repairing, using the time for maintaining low voltage and low level in the repairing process as the basis for grading for repairing, and finally performing rejection and screening by combining the charging voltage and capacity detection conditions of the repaired batteries. The whole repairing method shortens the repairing effect of the low-voltage holding time related to the consistency of the battery unit cells of the existing screening and repairing technology, and can be used as a grading basis for archiving the batteries in the same state, so that the problem that the batteries are mistakenly rejected and archived due to insufficient charging in the subsequent series charging and discharging and capacity detection process is solved, the repairing effect is further improved, and the proportion of secondary return is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of storage batteries, in particular to a method for repairing and matching returned storage batteries.
Background
The lead-acid storage battery for the electric bicycle is generally formed by connecting 4 or 5 12V batteries in series to form a battery pack for use in a group, for example, the common model on the market is 4812, namely, the lead-acid storage battery is formed by connecting 4-DZF-12 models in series, wherein each rated voltage is 12V, and the capacity is 12 Ah; the common model 4820 is composed of 4 models of 6-DZF-20 connected in series, each rated voltage is 12V, and the capacity is 20 Ah.
Each group of batteries are strictly matched according to a matching process, the difference between the batteries is small after matching, but in the using process, the phenomenon that the discharging time of the whole group is influenced because a certain battery falls behind, the driving mileage is shortened and the batteries return to an enterprise inevitably occurs, and the capacity of the rest batteries in the same group is very high.
The operation method in the current market is that the batteries are returned to the enterprise in groups, and the enterprise performs screening and repairing treatment, that is, the capacity of the whole group of batteries is influenced by one battery, and finally, each returned battery is individually screened and repaired to be used as an after-sale battery. The workload is very large, a large amount of manpower, equipment and plants are required to be invested by enterprises, and the production cost of the batteries after sale is invisibly increased.
In addition, batteries after screening and repairing also need to be matched, the currently adopted matching process is based on capacity and open-circuit voltage, the matching process is basically the same as that of a new battery, the new battery is not used in the market, and the matched batteries belong to the same batch production, so that the requirements can be met by adopting capacity and open-circuit voltage indexes. The after-market battery is returned from the market, the battery is from the mixture of batteries of different production batches, after the after-market battery is repaired, the capacity can meet the use requirement of the after-market battery, but the after-market battery is still greatly different from a new battery, so that the requirement cannot be met only by matching according to the capacity and the open-circuit voltage.
CN102324584A the invention provides a method for restoring the capacity of a storage battery pack, firstly, the storage battery pack is subjected to checking discharge by using the discharge rate of 6-10 hours, then, the storage battery pack is connected with a base station combined switch power supply, and the storage battery pack is charged for 24 hours by using a uniform charging mode and is charged for 20 hours by using a floating charging mode; then, the discharge rate of 10 hours is used for carrying out check discharge on the storage battery pack, and after the discharge is finished, if the discharge time reaches 10 hours or the discharge capacity reaches the nominal capacity, the successful restoration of the capacity of the storage battery pack is indicated
The invention discloses a method for repairing a lead-acid storage battery of an electric vehicle by small discharge, belonging to the technical field of battery repair. The method comprises the following steps: (1) connecting a single lead-acid storage battery to be repaired with a discharging module to form a loop, and discharging to 0V; (2) after the discharge is finished, a plurality of lead-acid storage batteries with open-circuit voltage less than 10V are selected to be connected into charge and discharge equipment to form a charge and discharge loop, and the batteries are repaired.
Disclosure of Invention
The battery matching method is based on the actual situation of the current after-sale batteries, and is combined with a mass repair production process for matching, so that the production cost of the after-sale batteries is reduced, and the consistency of the after-sale batteries is improved.
A method for repairing and matching returned storage batteries comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery which can be repaired after appearance screening, and performing first grading according to the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery;
(2) after the storage batteries in the same level in the storage batteries subjected to the first grading are connected in series, constant current discharge repair is carried out, constant current discharge is carried out at a current of 0.05-0.2C ampere until the voltage of all the storage batteries in a loop is reduced to 0V, and discharge is continuously maintained for 2-5 hours;
(3) taking the voltage reaching 0V during the constant-current discharge restoration in the step (2) as a starting point, calculating the maintaining time of the voltage of each storage battery below 0V, and performing secondary grading according to the maintaining time;
(4) after a plurality of storage batteries belonging to the same gear in the storage batteries after the second gear shifting are connected in series, charging according to a single constant voltage current limiting;
(5) after the constant-voltage current-limiting charging is finished, constant-current discharging is carried out, and the final voltage is 10.0-10.5V/device;
(6) performing third grading according to the constant current discharge termination voltage in the step (5);
(7) and (4) recharging the storage batteries, measuring the repaired open-circuit voltage after standing, grading for the fourth time according to the open-circuit voltage, and matching a plurality of storage batteries which are classified into the same grade into a group.
Preferably, the number of the storage batteries connected in series into a loop in each step during charging and discharging is 10-18. In the prior art, the maximum of 18 batteries are generally arranged in a series circuit of the charging and discharging equipment.
Preferably, before the open-circuit voltage is detected in the step (1), micro short-circuit detection is performed to remove the storage battery with micro short-circuit, wherein the micro short-circuit detection method comprises the following steps: discharging the storage battery through a resistor externally connected with the storage battery and 200-300 m omega, controlling the discharge current to be 40-50A, and judging that no micro short circuit exists when the voltage drop is not more than 2V within 1-5 s. Through the heavy current instantaneous discharge, can reject in advance the battery that has little short circuit inside.
Preferably, the step (1) is divided into 5-10 grades according to the size of the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery during the first grading.
More preferably, the first gear shifting in the step (1) is divided into 8 gears according to the size of the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery, and the specific steps are as follows:
the first-gear open-circuit voltage is less than or equal to 10.0V
The second gear is 10.0V and the open-circuit voltage is less than or equal to 11.0V
The open circuit voltage is more than 11.0V and less than or equal to 12.0V at the third gear
The fourth gear is 12.0V and less than or equal to 12.5V in open circuit voltage
The fifth gear is 12.5V and the open circuit voltage is less than or equal to 13.0V
The open circuit voltage is more than 13.0V and less than or equal to 13.2V in the sixth gear
The seventh gear is more than 13.2V and the open circuit voltage is less than or equal to 13.4V
The eighth gear 13.4V < the open-circuit voltage.
In the step (2), in the repairing process, the voltage of each storage battery is collected, in order to ensure that the voltage of all the storage batteries in the loop can be reduced to 0V, 1-2 full-state normal batteries can be connected in series in the repairing process, and when the voltage of the returned storage batteries to be repaired is reduced to 0V in the discharging process of the normal batteries, the voltage of the returned storage batteries to be repaired is generally reduced to below 0V.
Preferably, in the step (3), when the gear is shifted for the second time, the gear is shifted for every 2h according to the maintaining time. More preferably, the maintenance time can be divided into 4 grades, specifically as follows:
first gear 2.0h
The second gear is more than 2.0h and the maintenance time is less than or equal to 4.0h
The third gear is 4.0h and the maintenance time is less than or equal to 6.0h
The fourth gear 6.0h is less than the maintaining time.
And (4) during constant-voltage current-limiting charging, charging is carried out according to 14.8V/battery and current-limiting 0.15-0.25C ampere, namely if 10 storage batteries are connected in series in the loop, the set voltage is 148V, 18 storage batteries are connected in series, and the set voltage is 266.4V.
Preferably, the storage battery with the voltage greater than 16V is removed after the constant-voltage current-limiting charging in the step (4). The storage batteries are connected in series and then charged together, and some batteries in the loop are not fully charged at the moment, which shows that the voltage is easy to rise, and the storage batteries with too much raised voltage are eliminated, because the voltage is high, the idle work in the charging process is increased, and the charging efficiency is low.
Preferably, the constant current discharge current in the step (5) is 0.5C ampere, and the termination voltage is 10.0V/wire; and (6) before third grading, checking the voltage of each storage battery when the discharge time is 100min, judging that the storage batteries with the voltage less than 11.5V are failed to repair, and rejecting the storage batteries. The termination voltage is 10.0V/circuit, which means that if 10 storage batteries are connected in series in the loop, the set voltage is 100V, 18 storage batteries are connected in series, the set voltage is 180V, and the average voltage is 10.0V/circuit.
Preferably, when the step (6) is performed for the third gear shifting, the third gear shifting is performed according to the termination voltage, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
first gear stop voltage is less than 10.0V
The second gear is 10.0V or less and the final voltage is less than 10.5V
The third gear 10.5V is less than or equal to the end voltage.
Preferably, when the fourth gear shifting is performed according to the open-circuit voltage in the step (7), the gear shifting is 4, specifically as follows:
the open-circuit voltage of the first gear is less than 13.20V
The second gear is more than or equal to 13.20V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.30V
The third gear is more than or equal to 13.30V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.40V
The open-circuit voltage of the fourth gear is more than or equal to 13.40V.
The invention relates to a repairing and matching method for returned storage batteries, which comprises the steps of grading through open-circuit voltage, serially connecting for repairing, using the time for maintaining low voltage and low level in the repairing process as the basis for grading for repairing, and finally performing rejection and screening by combining the charging voltage and capacity detection conditions of the repaired batteries. The whole repairing method shortens the repairing effect of the low-voltage holding time related to the consistency of the battery unit cells of the existing screening and repairing technology, and can be used as a grading basis for archiving the batteries in the same state, so that the problem that the batteries are mistakenly rejected and archived due to insufficient charging in the subsequent series charging and discharging and capacity detection process is solved, the repairing effect is further improved, and the proportion of secondary return is reduced.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Grading for the first time: open circuit voltage measurement
The 6-DZF-20 battery is subjected to appearance screening (the appearance screening mainly eliminates the storage batteries with damaged appearance, bulging deformation or terminal leakage corrosion) and large current detection (namely micro short circuit detection, wherein the micro short circuit detection method comprises the steps of discharging an external resistor of the storage battery, judging that no micro short circuit exists when the external resistor has a resistance value of 200-300 m omega and a discharge current is controlled to be 40-50A, and the voltage does not fall to 2V within 1-5 s, measuring the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) before repairing the micro short circuit battery without appearance abnormality, wherein the voltage and the grade are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
| Gear position | OCV voltage range | Minimum value (V) | Maximum value (V) | The number of gears |
| 1 st gear | OCV≤10.0V | / | / | 0 |
| 2-gear | 10.0V＜OCV≤11.0V | 10.216 | 10.833 | 4 |
| 3 grade | 11.0V＜OCV≤12.0V | 11.089 | 11.961 | 9 |
| 4-gear | 12.0V＜OCV≤12.5V | 12.115 | 12.473 | 14 |
| 5-gear | 12.5V＜OCV≤13.0V | 12.558 | 12.924 | 38 |
| 6-gear | 13.0V＜OCV≤13.2V | 13.047 | 13.184 | 28 |
| 7-gear | 13.2V＜OCV≤13.4V | 13.209 | 13.377 | 7 |
| 8-gear | 13.4V＜OCV | / | / | 0 |
(2) Constant current discharge repair
The distribution of open circuit voltage of the batch according to the first grading is shown in table 1, wherein the 5 th grade 38 is only explained by taking the grade as a repair case, 20 circuits are randomly selected for repair, and each circuit 10 is only provided with 2 circuits. The repair process is 2A (0.1C ampere) constant current discharge, in order to ensure that the voltage of each battery can reach 0V to complete repair, each loop is connected with a full-state normal battery (6-DZF-20, the discharge time of 10A is 125min) in series in the repair process to discharge, the voltage of each battery is collected, the time when the voltage reaches 0V is taken as a starting point to record the time of maintaining the battery below 0V and 0V, the time when the voltage of the last battery reaches 0V and is maintained for 2h is taken as a repair end point, the discharge is stopped after the end point is reached, and the repair is finished, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
(3) Grading for the second time: 0V maintenance time
The secondary grading was performed according to the time that the battery was maintained at 0V and below 0V during 2A constant current discharge, and the grading results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Gear position | OV hold time t | Minimum value (h) | Maximum value (h) | Gear positionNumber only |
| 1 st gear | 2.0h | / | / | 4 |
| 2-gear | 2.0h＜t≤4.0h | 2.1 | 3.8 | 16 |
| 3 grade | 4.0h＜t≤6.0h | / | / | 0 |
| 4-gear | 6.0h＜t | / | / | 0 |
(4) Capacity testing and third-time binning
According to the second grading, 16 batteries in the 2 nd gear are selected, capacity detection is carried out in series in the same loop, the charging process is constant voltage 236.8V (14.8 multiplied by 16V), current limiting is carried out for 3.5A, and the time limit is 8 h; the discharge process was 10A constant current, the cut-off voltage was 160V, and the voltage of each cell during charging and discharging was recorded. In the charging process, in the constant voltage stage process, the battery with the voltage exceeding 16V is rejected, in the 10A discharging process, the battery voltage when the discharging time is 100min is checked, the voltage is lower than the battery with 11.5V to be rejected, the discharging termination set voltage is 160V (10.0 multiplied by 16V), after the terminating voltage is reached, the voltage condition of each battery is checked, third grading is carried out according to the discharging termination voltage, and the total number of the batteries is 3:
first gear stop voltage is less than 10.0V
The second gear is 10.0V or less and the final voltage is less than 10.5V
The third gear 10.5V is less than or equal to the end voltage.
The corresponding identification was recorded, the eligibility flag was "√" culling flag was "×", and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
(5) Matching group
Performing third grading according to the discharge termination voltage of the battery in the 10A constant-current discharge process, as shown in Table 4, wherein 7 batteries are arranged in the gear 1, 6 batteries are arranged in the gear 2, 3 batteries are arranged in the gear 3, the gear 3 needs to be matched with other batteries in the same batch in the gear, the batteries in the gear 1 and the gear 2 are respectively connected in series for complementary charging, the charging process is 14.8V/battery, the current is limited by 3.5A, and the time is limited by 8 h; standing for 4h after the charging is finished, measuring the open-circuit voltage, matching the open-circuit voltage according to the open-circuit voltage, and matching the whole set of open-circuit voltage according to 4 gears:
the open-circuit voltage of the first gear is less than 13.20V
The second gear is more than or equal to 13.20V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.30V
The third gear is more than or equal to 13.30V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.40V
The open-circuit voltage of the fourth gear is more than or equal to 13.40V.
The fourth gear shift, gear one set matching results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
| Battery numbering | 1-4 | 1-7 | 1-9 | 2-3 | 2-4 | 2-5 | 2-10 |
| Voltage at rest | 13.274 | 13.241 | 13.285 | 13.344 | 13.312 | 13.290 | 13.287 |
| Number of the matching group | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
According to the open-circuit voltage after standing, wherein the battery numbers 1-4, 1-7, 1-9, 2-5 and 2-10 are used as the 2 nd gear of the battery pack, the battery pack can be matched, the rest 3 batteries need to be matched with the batteries of other batches at the same gear, and in order to reduce the difference of the battery pack as much as possible, the battery numbers 1-4, 1-9, 2-5 and 2-10 are matched into a group to be used as the batteries for turnover maintenance after sale.
(6) Performance testing
TABLE 6
| Capacity testing | Time of discharge | 1-4 | 1-9 | 2-5 | 2-10 | Pressure difference |
| 1 st time | 124 | 10.345 | 10.547 | 10.621 | 10.601 | 0.276 |
| 2 nd time | 125 | 10.349 | 10.524 | 10.634 | 10.608 | 0.285 |
| 3 rd time | 125 | 10.381 | 10.538 | 10.649 | 10.614 | 0.268 |
The batteries after being matched are subjected to capacity detection, the normal-temperature capacity is mainly detected, the capacity of the whole group is tested, the batteries are discharged at a constant current of 10A, the final voltage is 10.5V/battery, namely 42V, and the table 6 shows the discharge time and the cut-off voltage of each battery in the 3-time capacity testing process, so that the method for repairing and matching the batteries can improve the service performance of the batteries in circulation and maintenance and reduce the secondary return of the batteries after repair from the table 6.
Example 2
(1) Grading for the first time: open circuit voltage measurement
The 6-DZF-20 battery is subjected to appearance screening (the appearance screening mainly eliminates the storage batteries with damaged appearance, bulging deformation or terminal leakage corrosion) and large current detection (namely micro short circuit detection, wherein the micro short circuit detection method comprises the steps of discharging an external resistor of the storage battery, controlling the resistance value of the external resistor to be 200-300 m omega, controlling the discharge current to be 40-50A, and judging that no micro short circuit exists when the voltage in 1-5 s does not exceed 2V), then Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) measurement is carried out before the micro short circuit battery is repaired without appearance abnormality, and the voltage and the grade are shown in a table 7.
TABLE 7
(2) Constant current discharge repair
The distribution of the open circuit voltage of the batch according to the first grading is shown in table 7, wherein the 6 th grade 62 is only explained by taking the grade as a repair case, 36 circuits are randomly selected for repair, and each circuit 18 is only composed of 2 circuits. The repairing process is 1A (0.05C ampere) constant current discharging, in order to ensure that the voltage of each battery can reach 0V to complete repairing, each loop is connected with a full-state normal battery (6-DZF-20, the discharging time of 10A is 125min) in series in the repairing process to discharge, the voltage of each battery is collected, the time when the voltage reaches 0V is taken as a starting point to record the time when the battery maintains below 0V and 0V, the time when the voltage of the last battery reaches 0V and maintains 5h is taken as a repairing end point, the discharging is stopped after the end point is reached, and the repairing is finished, wherein the result is shown in a table 8.
TABLE 8
(3) Grading for the second time: 0V maintenance time
The secondary grading was performed according to the time that the battery was maintained at 0V and below 0V during 2A constant current discharge, and the grading results are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9
| Gear position | OV hold time t | Minimum value (h) | Maximum value (h) | The number of gears |
| 1 st gear | 2.0h | / | / | 0 |
| 2-gear | 2.0h＜t≤4.0h | / | / | 0 |
| 3 grade | 4.0h＜t≤6.0h | 5.1 | 5.8 | 15 |
| 4-gear | 6.0h＜t | 6.1 | 8.1 | 21 |
(4) Capacity testing and third-time binning
According to the second grading, 21 batteries in the 4 th gear are selected and randomly distributed in 2 loops to be connected in series for capacity detection, wherein 10 loops are used, the charging process is constant voltage 148V (14.8 multiplied by 10V), the current is limited by 3.5A, and the time limit is 8 h; the discharging process is a 10A constant current, the cut-off voltage is 100V, the other loop is 11, the charging process is a constant voltage of 162.8V (14.8 multiplied by 11V), the current is limited by 3.5A, and the time is limited by 8 h; the discharge process is 10A constant current, the cut-off voltage is 110V, and the voltage of each battery in the charge and discharge process is recorded. In the charging process, the constant voltage stage in-process, the battery that voltage surpassed 16V is rejected, 10A discharge in-process, look over battery voltage when discharge time is 100min, voltage is less than 11.5V battery and rejects, after reaching the final voltage, look over each battery voltage condition, carry out the third time according to the final voltage that discharges and step into the shelves, divide into 3 gears altogether:
first gear stop voltage is less than 10.0V
The second gear is 10.0V or less and the final voltage is less than 10.5V
The third gear 10.5V is less than or equal to the end voltage.
The corresponding identification is recorded, the eligibility flag is "√" culling flag is "x", and the results are shown in table 10.
Watch 10
(5) Matching group
Performing third grading according to the discharge end voltage of the battery in the 10A constant-current discharge process, as shown in table 10, wherein 2 batteries are removed, 8 batteries are used in the gear 1, 10 batteries are used in the gear 2, 1 battery is used in the gear 3, the gear 3 needs to be matched with other batteries in the same batch in the same gear, the batteries in the gear 1 and the gear 2 are respectively connected in series for complementary charging, the charging process is 14.8V/battery, the current is limited by 3.5A, and the time is limited by 8 h; standing for 4h after the charging is finished, measuring the open-circuit voltage, matching the open-circuit voltage according to the open-circuit voltage, and matching the whole set of open-circuit voltage according to 4 gears:
the open-circuit voltage of the first gear is less than 13.20V
The second gear is more than or equal to 13.20V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.30V
The third gear is more than or equal to 13.30V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.40V
The open-circuit voltage of the fourth gear is more than or equal to 13.40V.
The fourth gear shift, gear pair results are shown in table 11.
TABLE 11
| Battery numbering | 3-2 | 3-8 | 3-11 | 3-12 | 3-15 | 3-16 | 4-1 | 4-3 | 4-8 | 4-17 |
| Voltage at rest | 13.341 | 13.307 | 13.251 | 13.316 | 13.447 | 13.451 | 13.243 | 13.298 | 13.284 | 13.338 |
| Number of the matching group | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
According to the open-circuit voltage after standing, wherein the battery numbers are 3-2, 3-8, 3-12 and 4-17, and the 3 rd gear of the battery is matched, the battery can be matched into a group to be used as an after-sale turnover maintenance battery.
(6) Performance testing
TABLE 12
| Capacity testing | Time of discharge | 3-2 | 3-8 | 3-12 | 4-17 | Pressure difference |
| 1 st time | 125 | 10.541 | 10.567 | 10.421 | 10.501 | 0.146 |
| 2 nd time | 125 | 10.553 | 10.544 | 10.434 | 10.508 | 0.119 |
| 3 rd time | 126 | 10.601 | 10.561 | 10.449 | 10.484 | 0.152 |
The batteries after being matched are subjected to capacity detection, the normal-temperature capacity is mainly detected, the capacity of the whole group is tested, the batteries are discharged at a constant current of 10A, the final voltage is 10.5V/battery, namely 42V, and the table 12 shows the discharge time and the cut-off voltage of each battery in the 3-time capacity testing process, so that the method for repairing and matching the batteries can improve the service performance of the batteries in circulation and maintenance and reduce the secondary return of the batteries after repair as seen from the table 6.
Comparative example 1
(1) Grading for the first time: open circuit voltage measurement
After appearance screening and large current detection (same as in examples 1 and 2), the open circuit voltage of the 6-DZF-20 battery was measured without appearance abnormality and micro short circuit, and the total number of 100 batteries were measured, and the voltage and the grade were shown in Table 13.
Watch 13
| Gear position | OCV voltage range | Minimum value (V) | Maximum value (V) | The number of gears |
| 1 st gear | OCV≤10.0V | / | / | 0 |
| 2-gear | 10.0V＜OCV≤11.0V | 10.216 | 10.833 | 4 |
| 3 grade | 11.0V＜OCV≤12.0V | 11.089 | 11.961 | 9 |
| 4-gear | 12.0V＜OCV≤12.5V | 12.115 | 12.473 | 14 |
| 5-gear | 12.5V＜OCV≤13.0V | 12.558 | 12.924 | 38 |
| 6-gear | 13.0V＜OCV≤13.2V | 13.047 | 13.184 | 28 |
| 7-gear | 13.2V＜OCV≤13.4V | 13.209 | 13.377 | 7 |
| 8-gear | 13.4V＜OCV | / | / | 0 |
(2) Repair and capacity detection
The distribution of open circuit voltage of the batch according to the first grading is shown in table 13, wherein the 6 th grade 28 is only explained by taking the grade as a repair case, 20 circuits are randomly selected for repair, and each circuit 10 is only completed by 2 circuits (circuit 3 and circuit 4). The repair process comprises 2A constant current discharge, the discharge cut-off voltage is 20V (2V/10 multiplied by 10), each battery voltage is collected, the discharge is stopped after the voltage reaches the end point, the repair is finished, and the capacity detection is carried out on the battery after the repair is finished. The charging process is constant voltage 148V (14.8V multiplied by 10), current limiting is 3.5A, and the time limit is 8 h; the discharge process was a 10A constant current, the cut-off voltage was 100V (10.0V × 10), and the voltage per cell was recorded during the charge and discharge process. In the charging process, in the constant voltage stage process, batteries with voltage exceeding 16V are removed, in the 10A discharging process, the battery voltage when the discharging time is 100min is checked, the batteries with voltage lower than 11.5V are removed, after the ending voltage is reached, the voltage condition of each battery is checked, third grading is carried out according to the discharging ending voltage, 3 gears are divided into totally, corresponding marks are recorded, the qualified mark is marked as ' check mark ' x ', and the result is shown in a table 14:
TABLE 14
(3) Matching group
According to the fact that the batteries are subjected to third grading according to the discharge ending voltage in the 10A constant-current discharge process, as shown in the table 14, 2 loops are formed, 20 batteries are totally obtained, 6 batteries which belong to the repair failure are removed, 14 batteries are remained, 7 batteries are obtained in the gear 1, 7 batteries are obtained in the gear 2, and 0 battery is obtained in the gear 3. Respectively connecting 14 batteries of the gear 1 and the gear 2 in series for complementary charging, wherein the charging process is constant voltage of 14.8V/battery, current limiting is 3.5A, and time limiting is 8 h; after the charging is finished, standing for 4 hours, measuring the open-circuit voltage, matching according to the open-circuit voltage, and matching the whole set of open-circuit voltage according to 4 gears, wherein the results are shown in table 15.
Watch 15
| Battery numbering | 5-1 | 5-2 | 5-4 | 5-7 | 5-1 | 5-8 | 5-9 |
| Voltage at rest | 13.352 | 13.402 | 13.374 | 13.214 | 13.373 | 13.391 | 13.417 |
| Number of the matching group | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Battery numbering | 5-5 | 5-8 | 5-9 | 5-10 | 6-3 | 6-4 | 6-5 |
| Voltage at rest | 13.477 | 13.387 | 13.356 | 13.301 | 13.431 | 13.294 | 13.336 |
| Number of the matching group | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
According to the open-circuit voltage after standing, the open-circuit voltage of the subsequent battery is obviously higher than that of the sample battery in the embodiment 1 by adopting the repairing method, and in order to reduce the difference of the battery pack as much as possible, the batteries are numbered as 5-1, 5-4, 6-1 and 5-8 to form a group to be used as the after-sales turnover maintenance battery.
(4) Performance testing
TABLE 16
| Capacity testing | Time of discharge | 5-1 | 5-4 | 6-1 | 5-8 | Pressure difference |
| 1 st time | 121 | 10.174 | 10.672 | 10.343 | 10.812 | 0.638 |
| 2 nd time | 122 | 10.113 | 10.654 | 10.327 | 10.854 | 0.741 |
| 3 rd time | 122 | 10.124 | 10.664 | 10.321 | 10.884 | 0.760 |
The assembled batteries are subjected to capacity detection, the normal-temperature capacity is mainly detected, the capacity of the whole assembly is tested, the constant-current discharge is carried out according to 10A, the termination voltage is 10.5V/battery, namely 42V, and the table 16 shows the discharge time and the cut-off voltage of each battery in the 3-time capacity testing process, so that the discharge time is lower and the voltage difference is larger than that of the sample battery in the embodiment 1 through the repairing and assembling method.
Claims (10)
1. A method for repairing and matching returned storage batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) detecting the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery which can be repaired after appearance screening, and performing first grading according to the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery;
(2) after the storage batteries in the same level in the storage batteries subjected to the first grading are connected in series, constant current discharge repair is carried out, constant current discharge is carried out at a current of 0.05-0.1C ampere until the voltage of all the storage batteries in a loop is reduced to 0V, and discharge is continuously maintained for 2-5 hours;
(3) taking the voltage reaching 0V during the constant-current discharge restoration in the step (2) as a starting point, calculating the maintaining time of the voltage of each storage battery below 0V, and performing secondary grading according to the maintaining time;
(4) connecting a plurality of storage batteries belonging to the same gear in the storage batteries subjected to secondary grading in series, and then performing constant-voltage current-limiting charging to fully charge the storage batteries;
(5) after the constant-voltage current-limiting charging is finished, constant-current discharging is carried out, and the average final voltage is 10.0-10.5V/device;
(6) performing third grading according to the constant current discharge termination voltage in the step (5);
(7) and (4) recharging the storage batteries, measuring the repaired open-circuit voltage after standing, grading for the fourth time according to the open-circuit voltage, and matching a plurality of storage batteries which are classified into the same grade into a group.
2. The repair and matching method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the storage batteries connected in series to form a circuit in each step is 10 to 18 during charging and discharging.
3. The repairing and grouping method according to claim 1, wherein before the open circuit voltage is detected in step (1), micro short circuit detection is performed to remove the storage batteries with micro short circuits, wherein the micro short circuit detection method comprises the following steps: discharging the storage battery through a resistor externally connected with the storage battery and 200-300 m omega, controlling the discharge current to be 40-50A, and judging that no micro short circuit exists when the voltage drop is not more than 2V within 1-5 s.
4. The repairing and grouping method according to claim 1, wherein the first grading in step (1) is 5-10 grades according to the open circuit voltage of the storage battery.
5. The repair and grouping method according to claim 4, wherein the first grading in step (1) is 8 grades according to the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery, and the specific steps are as follows:
6. the repair and grouping method according to claim 1, wherein the second binning in step (3) is performed every 2.0 hours according to the maintenance time.
7. The repair and grouping method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the secondary batteries having a voltage greater than 16V are rejected after the constant voltage current limiting charging in step (4).
8. The repair and matching method according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) constant current discharge current is 0.5C ampere, and the end voltage is 10.0V/wire on average; and (6) before third grading, checking the voltage of each storage battery when the discharge time is 100min, judging that the storage batteries with the voltage less than 11.5V are failed to repair, and rejecting the storage batteries.
9. The method for repairing and matching as set forth in claim 1, wherein the third stepping in step (6) is performed in three steps according to the stop voltage, specifically as follows:
first gear stop voltage is less than 10.0V
The second gear is 10.0V or less and the final voltage is less than 10.5V
The third gear 10.5V is less than or equal to the end voltage.
10. The method for repairing and matching as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step (7) is divided into 4 steps when performing the fourth stepping according to the open circuit voltage, and specifically, the following steps are performed:
the open-circuit voltage of the first gear is less than 13.20V
The second gear is more than or equal to 13.20V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.30V
The third gear is more than or equal to 13.30V, and the open-circuit voltage is less than 13.40V
The open-circuit voltage of the fourth gear is more than or equal to 13.40V.
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