CN110208148B - Complete system for studying and testing the movement of water and salt in coastal soils - Google Patents
Complete system for studying and testing the movement of water and salt in coastal soils Download PDFInfo
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- CN110208148B CN110208148B CN201910620198.6A CN201910620198A CN110208148B CN 110208148 B CN110208148 B CN 110208148B CN 201910620198 A CN201910620198 A CN 201910620198A CN 110208148 B CN110208148 B CN 110208148B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于研究和测试滨海地区土壤中水盐运移规律的成套系统，在底脚上固定有底座，在底座固定有外管与内管，在底座上设有内管放空阀与外管放空阀，在内管上开设有透水孔，在外管的上端部固定有外管顶板，在外管顶板上固定有气压平衡管，该管的另一端连接在导气孔上，在外管顶板上方的内管上开设有土壤取样孔，在外管顶板上固定有液位控制器，在液体箱上固定有进水管，在外管顶板上固定有加液管，蠕动泵与加液管以及进水管相接，在液体箱的顶盖板上设有透气孔。本发明可全面分析盐碱地区原土与客土种植情况下，以便有针对性地采取相应的设计方案与运行管理方式，对盐碱地区涉及土壤与植物的海绵城市建设技术选择与设施运维具有重要意义。
The present invention relates to a complete system for studying and testing the law of water and salt migration in soil in coastal areas, wherein a base is fixed on the foot, an outer tube and an inner tube are fixed on the base, an inner tube vent valve and an outer tube vent valve are arranged on the base, a water permeable hole is opened on the inner tube, an outer tube top plate is fixed on the upper end of the outer tube, an air pressure balance pipe is fixed on the outer tube top plate, the other end of the pipe is connected to the air guide hole, a soil sampling hole is opened on the inner tube above the outer tube top plate, a liquid level controller is fixed on the outer tube top plate, a water inlet pipe is fixed on the liquid box, a liquid adding pipe is fixed on the outer tube top plate, a peristaltic pump is connected with the liquid adding pipe and the water inlet pipe, and a vent hole is arranged on the top cover plate of the liquid box. The present invention can comprehensively analyze the planting conditions of original soil and imported soil in saline-alkali areas, so as to take corresponding design schemes and operation management methods in a targeted manner, which is of great significance to the technical selection and facility operation and maintenance of sponge city construction involving soil and plants in saline-alkali areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sponge cities, in particular to a complete system for researching and testing the migration rule of water and salt in soil in coastal areas.
Background
In recent years, the salinization degree of soil in China is continuously increased, particularly in arid and semiarid coastal areas, the highly salinized soil seriously affects agricultural production, and great difficulty is brought to landscape environment improvement. The sponge city is used as a new concept and a new mode of urban construction in a new era, and the important emphasis is placed on the protection of an original ecological system of the city, the restoration of water environment and the restoration of landscape ecology, and various means such as vertical, plants, soil and the like are needed to control rainwater pollution, relieve urban waterlogging and restore the hydrologic state. Under the background of the state that the construction of sponge cities is greatly promoted, how to realize the construction of sponge cities in saline-alkali areas becomes a difficult problem in front of a plurality of cities. The starting point for solving the problem is to organically combine the research on the soil moisture and salt migration and soil improvement of the saline-alkali soil with the construction of the sponge city.
At present, the research on the soil water and salt migration law is mostly concentrated in the agricultural field, and the adopted device for connecting the soil column with the salt is generally simple, has low automation and integration degree, and is difficult to simulate the actual condition of the interface between the underground water and the soil more truly. And the comprehensive consideration of the difference of soil water and salt migration rules under the conditions of saline-alkali soil, alien soil (planting soil), plant planting or the like is lacking. The guidance on the selection of the sponge city construction technology in the saline-alkali area is not strong.
The sponge city is built in saline and alkaline area and faces the problems of high groundwater level, heavy soil salinization and the like, firstly, the underground water level of the area and the migration condition of the groundwater in the soil are needed to be known, the digging depth of the sponge facility can be designed in a targeted manner, and for the common practice of foreign soil planting in the saline and alkaline area, the influence of the groundwater on planting soil is needed to be studied under the condition of high groundwater level, and the migration rule of water and salt in the planting soil is analyzed. And simultaneously explore the change of migration rules of water and salt in underground water in soil and influence on plant growth under the condition of planting plants. Has important significance for guiding reasonable selection of sponge city construction technology in saline-alkali areas and design and operation management of facilities.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the conventional device for researching the soil water and salt migration law has poor reality degree, low automation and integration level on underground water and soil, and a research method has poor comprehensiveness and systematicness, and lacks guiding significance on the selection, design and operation management of sponge city construction technology in a saline-alkali area, and the like, and provides a complete system for researching and testing the water and salt migration law in the soil in a coastal area.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the complete system for researching and testing the migration rule of water and salt in soil in coastal areas is characterized in that the base is fixed on the footing, the outer pipe and the inner pipe are fixed on the upper surface of the base, the diameter of the base is larger than that of the outer pipe, the inner pipe is positioned in the outer pipe, the inner pipe vent valve is arranged on the base in the range corresponding to the inner pipe, the outer pipe vent valve is arranged on the base between the corresponding inner pipe and the outer pipe, the inner pipe close to the base is provided with a water permeable hole, the upper end part of the outer pipe is fixed with an outer pipe top plate, the joints of the outer pipe top plate, the inner pipe and the base are sealed, the outer pipe top plate is fixed with a pneumatic balance pipe, the other end of the pneumatic balance pipe is connected with the air guide hole, the inner pipe above the outer pipe top plate is provided with a soil sampling hole, the outer pipe top plate is fixed with a liquid level controller, one side of the outer pipe is provided with a liquid tank, the top cover plate of the liquid tank is fixed with a water inlet pipe, the water outlet end of the pipe extends into the liquid tank, the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe extends into the liquid tank, the liquid inlet end of the liquid tank is connected with the peristaltic pump, and the water inlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected with the peristaltic pump.
The diameter of the outer tube is 400-600 mm, and the height of the outer tube is 300-500 mm.
The diameter of the inner tube is 150-250 mm, and the height of the inner tube is 1200-180mm.
An elastic sealing valve is fixed on the inner wall of the vent hole.
The diameter of the base is 450-650 mm.
The liquid level controller is a floating ball, and the floating range of the floating ball is 2-38 cm.
The height of the permeable holes from the bottom end of the inner tube is 8-12 mm, the diameter of the permeable holes is 7-9 mm, and the number of the permeable holes is 8-12.
The distance between the center of the air guide hole and the top plate of the outer tube is 8-12 mm, the diameter of the air guide hole is 8-12 mm.
The diameter of soil sampling hole is 8~12mm, and soil sampling hole is laid along the circumference diameter two points of inner tube, and two are a set of, are perpendicular form between the adjacent two sets of, and the interval is 40~60mm, and soil sampling hole is cross distribution form along the circumference of inner tube on the whole, and the distance of the last group of sampling hole from the outer tube roof is 40~60mm, and soil sampling hole sets up 18~22 altogether.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. The system has strong reality of simulating groundwater and soil, and high system integration level and automation degree. The concentric same-bottom cylinder related by the invention has the advantages that the inner cylinder is a soil column, the outer cylinder is an underground water simulation cylinder, the bottoms of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are communicated through the water passing small holes, and the actual condition of an underground water and soil interface is simulated more truly. Through the liquid level controller that sets up on the outer column, coordinated control liquid level change and pump liquid system start-stop realize the automatic control of groundwater level to groundwater level can set for by oneself, and degree of automation is high, and the flexibility is strong. Meanwhile, factors such as interface pressure control, soil sampling test, groundwater level control and evaporation influence avoidance are fully considered, and the system integration degree is high.
2. Under the condition of planting original soil and foreign soil in a saline-alkali area, the vertical water-salt migration rule of the soil can be comprehensively analyzed, so that a corresponding design scheme and an operation management mode can be adopted in a targeted manner, and the method has important guiding significance for the selection of sponge city construction technology and facility operation and maintenance of the soil and plants in the saline-alkali area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged top view of the ventilation holes in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structure in which only saline-alkali soil is filled in an inner pipe.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a structure in which saline-alkali soil is filled in an inner pipe and plants are planted.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure in which only planting soil is filled in the inner pipe.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a structure in which planting soil is filled in an inner pipe and plants are planted.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
The invention relates to a complete system for researching and testing the migration rule of water and salt in soil in coastal areas, a base 13 is fixed on a footing, the height of the base 13 from the ground is about 150mm, an outer pipe 1 and an inner pipe 2 are fixed on the upper surface of the base 13, the outer pipe 1 is a groundwater simulation pipe, the inner pipe 2 is a soil pipe, the diameter of the base is larger than that of the outer pipe 1, the inner pipe 2 is positioned in the outer pipe 1, an inner pipe emptying valve 11 is arranged on the base 13 in the range corresponding to the inner pipe 2, an outer pipe emptying valve 10 is arranged on the base 13 between the corresponding inner pipe 2 and the outer pipe 1, a water permeable hole 8 is formed on the inner pipe 2 close to the base 13, the outer pipe 1 is communicated with the inner pipe 2, soil is prevented from entering the outer pipe 1 through the water permeable hole 8 by water permeable geotextile, an outer pipe top plate 14 is fixed at the upper end of the outer pipe 1, the joints of the outer pipe top plate 14 and the inner pipe 2 and the base 13 and the inner pipe 2 are sealed, an air pressure balance pipe 5 is fixed on an outer pipe top plate 14, an air guide hole 15 is arranged on an inner pipe 2 above the outer pipe top plate 14, the other end of the air pressure balance pipe 5 is connected with the air guide hole 15, ventilation of the outer pipe 1 is ensured, a sewage soil interface contact condition can be truly simulated, a soil sampling hole 9 is arranged on the inner pipe 2 above the outer pipe top plate 14, a liquid level controller 3 is fixed on the outer pipe top plate 14, a liquid tank 7 is arranged on one side of the outer pipe 1, a water inlet pipe 16 is fixed on a top cover plate of the liquid tank 7, a liquid adding pipe 4 is fixed on the outer pipe top plate 14, a water outlet end of the liquid adding pipe 4 extends into the outer pipe 1, a water inlet end of the water inlet pipe 16 extends into the liquid tank 7, a water outlet end of a peristaltic pump 6 is connected with a water inlet end of the liquid adding pipe 4, a water inlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected with a water outlet end of the water inlet pipe 16, the liquid level controller 3 is connected with the peristaltic pump 6, the top cover plate of the liquid tank 7 is provided with an air vent 12, the liquid level controller 3 is connected with a peristaltic pump 6 circuit, the liquid adding pipe 4 is connected with a peristaltic pump 6 waterway, and the liquid level controller 3 controls the peristaltic pump 6 to start and stop by sensing liquid level fluctuation through a floating ball.
The diameter of the outer tube 1 is 400-600 mm, and the height of the outer tube 1 is 300-500 mm.
The diameter of the inner tube 2 is 150-250 mm, and the height of the inner tube 2 is 1200-180mm.
Elastic sealing flaps are fixed on the inner walls of the holes of the ventilation holes 12, so that the salt solution in the liquid tank 7 can be prevented from evaporating and losing.
The diameter of the base 13 is 450-650 mm.
The liquid level controller 3 is a floating ball, and the floating range of the floating ball is 2-38 cm, so the underground water level setting range is 2-38 cm. The liquid level controller 3 controls the starting and stopping of the peristaltic pump 6, the peristaltic pump 6 adopts a 10mm silica gel water inlet pipe, the water inlet end of the silica gel water inlet pipe is connected with a 10mm liquid taking hole on the liquid tank 7, and the water outlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected with the liquid adding pipe 4.
The height of the water permeable holes 8 from the bottom of the inner tube 2 is 8-12 mm, the diameter of the water permeable holes 8 is 7-9 mm, and the number of the water permeable holes 8 is 8-12.
The distance between the center of the air hole 15 and the top plate 14 of the outer tube is 8-12 mm, and the diameter of the air hole 15 is 8-12 mm.
The diameter of the soil sampling holes 9 is 8-12 mm, the soil sampling holes 9 are distributed at two points along the circumference diameter of the inner tube 2, two soil sampling holes are in a group, two soil sampling holes are in a vertical form between two adjacent groups, the interval is 40-60 mm, the soil sampling holes 9 are distributed in a cross-shaped form along the circumference of the inner tube 2 on the whole, the distance between the lowest group of sampling holes 9 and the outer tube top plate 14 is 40-60 mm, and 18-22 groups of soil sampling holes 9 are arranged together.
When the water and salt migration law in the soil of the coastal region is researched and tested, 4 sets of the system are adopted, four groups of control tests of saline-alkali soil 100, saline-alkali soil planting plants, planting soil 200 and planting soil planting plants are respectively arranged in the inner pipe 2, and soil is taken from sampling holes 9 at different heights of the inner pipe 2 to comparatively analyze the change of water and salt in the soil of each control group. The soil grain diameter and compaction degree in the control group are ensured to be consistent, the plant planting depth is 100mm, and the plant heights and the plant numbers are the same. The method for measuring the soil moisture is a gravimetric method, and the method for measuring the soil salinity is a method for measuring the conductivity by fully leaching and measuring the air-dried sample of the quantitative soil into aqueous solution.
Taking research and test of soil water and salt migration law of a Xintianjin ecological urban area in the coast as an example, four groups of control tests including saline-alkali soil 100 (ecological urban raw soil), saline-alkali soil planting iris 200 (greening planting soil) and planting iris are respectively arranged in an inner pipe 2 of the system, the initial soil particle size is 0.01-0.05 mm, the earth column filling operation mode is consistent, the initial conductivity of the saline-alkali soil 100 is 0.33mS/cm, and the initial conductivity of the planting soil 200 is 0.04mS/cm. The planting depth of the iris is 100mm, the initial plant height is 200mm, and the number of each group is 5 plants. The brine concentration of the groundwater formulation in this area was simulated to be 15000mg/L, and the groundwater level was set to be 200mm and 350mm (from the base 13) in two stages, respectively.
Through 3 months of experiments, the saline-alkali soil 100 and the planting soil 200 both show a trend of higher water content as the saline-alkali soil 100 is closer to the ground water level, the water content of the planting soil 200 rises faster than the water content of the saline-alkali soil 100 and is higher, the time for stabilizing the water content of the planting soil 200 at the position 800mm away from the ground water level is 20d, and the water content of the saline-alkali soil 100 is 30d. The closer the saline-alkali soil 100 is to the ground water level, the faster the conductivity rising speed, the higher the conductivity in the middle of the soil column (350-700 mm away from the ground water level), the lower the two ends, the faster the conductivity rising speed of the planting soil 200 is the closer to the ground water level, the higher the conductivity is, the time for the planting soil 200 to reach stability at the position 800mm away from the ground water level is 40d, and the saline-alkali soil 100 is 75d. The control group planted with the iris is at the same distance from the ground water level, the soil moisture content and the conductivity of the control group are faster than those of the plant-free group, particularly the control group has larger influence on the soil moisture content and the conductivity of 700-800mm from the ground water level, and the influence of the iris of the group planted with the soil 200 on the soil moisture content and the conductivity is larger than that of the iris of the group planted with the saline-alkali soil 100. The ground water level is raised, the soil moisture content and the conductivity stabilizing layer move upwards correspondingly, and in general, the soil moisture content and the conductivity of each control group are not changed greatly by more than 850mm from the ground water level. In the test process, the system is stable to operate, and through the researches of different control groups, the great difference exists between saline-alkali soil and planting soil water-salt migration rules, meanwhile, plants also have a certain influence on the migration of water and salt in soil, the soil layer height influenced by the groundwater in the area is ascertained, and the method has obvious guiding significance for the selection of sponge city construction technologies, parameter design and operation and maintenance management in the Xintianjin ecological city or even similar coastal areas.
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| CN113141802A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-07-23 | 山东大学 | Saline-alkali soil water and salt migration simulation device and saline-alkali soil salt suppression method |
| CN114838754A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-02 | 河海大学 | Monitoring device and method for coastal wetland hydrothermal salt coupling process |
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| CN103852571A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | Experimental apparatus and method for simulating influence of underground water level of coastal reclamation area on water-salt movement |
| CN109496804A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-22 | 河海大学 | A kind of Negative pressure irrigation system and its irrigation method |
| CN210221763U (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-03-31 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Complete system for researching and testing water and salt migration rule in soil in coastal region |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19905734A1 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-17 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Device for the investigation of environmental chemicals in soils using a dynamic laboratory test system |
| CN1219202C (en) * | 2003-11-27 | 2005-09-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Apparatus and method for testing maximal moisture regain and content of soil |
| CN2870448Y (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-02-21 | 河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所 | Negative-pressure leakage-controlled micro-irrigator |
| CN200996923Y (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2007-12-26 | 宗海宏 | Multifunctional soil analyzing system |
| CN103091473B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-12-24 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Earth pillar simulation device based on soil water and salt transport rule |
| CN106198347B (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆大学 | Rock seepage rate Auto-Test System and test method |
| CN206115833U (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-04-19 | 内蒙古河套灌区管理总局 | Water salt migration law sand table teaching system |
| CN106990221A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-28 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used for the earth pillar device of soil water and salt transport rule under Study of The Underground water influence condition |
| CN107796929A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-13 | 华侨大学 | Elastic wave aids in cement ejection for water plugging model test apparatus |
| CN108732331A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-02 | 河海大学 | A kind of device tested with the soil water, vapour, heat, salt simultaneous transport for unsaturation |
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| CN103852571A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | Experimental apparatus and method for simulating influence of underground water level of coastal reclamation area on water-salt movement |
| CN109496804A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-22 | 河海大学 | A kind of Negative pressure irrigation system and its irrigation method |
| CN210221763U (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-03-31 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Complete system for researching and testing water and salt migration rule in soil in coastal region |
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