CN110204776A - A kind of polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber aerogel material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber aerogel material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012520 frozen sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dopamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical group CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005130 benzoxazines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001149 dopamine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005616 pyroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/048—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
- C08J2201/0484—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
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- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/026—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：步骤1：将聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜；步骤2：将步骤1所得到的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜与交联剂加入到去离子水中，超声分散，得到均匀的分散液；步骤3：将步骤2所得到的分散液倒入模具中，在液氮气氛下冷冻；步骤4：将步骤3冷冻后的样品进行冷冻干燥；步骤5：将步骤4干燥完全的样品进行热处理，得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶。本发明所制备的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶密度轻、热导率低、疏水且耐高温，是一种能在潮湿环境下使用的优异的保温隔热材料。
The invention discloses a preparation method of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: electrospinning a polyvinylidene fluoride spinning solution to obtain polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers membrane; Step 2: Add the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and cross-linking agent obtained in Step 1 into deionized water, and ultrasonically disperse to obtain a uniform dispersion; Step 3: Pour the dispersion obtained in Step 2 into In the mold, freeze in a liquid nitrogen atmosphere; step 4: freeze-dry the sample frozen in step 3; step 5: heat-treat the completely dried sample in step 4 to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel. The polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel prepared by the invention has light density, low thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity and high temperature resistance, and is an excellent thermal insulation material which can be used in a humid environment.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及保温隔热材料领域，具体是涉及一种聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法。The invention relates to the field of thermal insulation materials, in particular to a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel material and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
气凝胶是一类以气体为分散介质、具有连续三维纳米多孔网络结构的新型材料，孔隙率可达99.8％，由于其优异的性能包括大的比表面积、低密度、低导热性和高孔隙率等，在生物支架、储能装置、传感器、污染物处理和隔热材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景。Aerogels are a new class of materials that use gas as the dispersion medium and have a continuous three-dimensional nanoporous network structure. The porosity can reach 99.8%. Due to its excellent properties including large specific surface area, low density, low thermal conductivity and high porosity It has broad application prospects in the fields of biological scaffolds, energy storage devices, sensors, pollutant treatment and thermal insulation materials.
聚偏氟乙烯，外观为半透明或白色粉体或颗粒，分子链间排列紧密，又有较强的氢键，氧指数为46％，不燃。聚偏氟乙烯除具有良好的耐化学腐蚀性、耐高温性、耐氧化性、耐候性、耐射线辐射性能外，还具有压电性、介电性、热电性等特殊性能。聚偏氟乙烯中的氟化链段屏蔽了极性基团如甲基、羰基等的极性作用，使表面具有疏水作用。Polyvinylidene fluoride, the appearance is translucent or white powder or particles, the molecular chains are closely arranged, and there are strong hydrogen bonds, the oxygen index is 46%, and it is non-flammable. In addition to good chemical resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, weather resistance, and radiation resistance, polyvinylidene fluoride also has special properties such as piezoelectricity, dielectricity, and pyroelectricity. The fluorinated segment in polyvinylidene fluoride shields the polar effect of polar groups such as methyl and carbonyl, making the surface hydrophobic.
现有的保温隔热气凝胶材料在潮湿环境下使用时性能会下降，限制了气凝胶保温材料的应用。The performance of the existing thermal insulation aerogel materials will decrease when used in a humid environment, which limits the application of the aerogel thermal insulation materials.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备过程简单、成本低廉、保温隔热且疏水性能优良的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶及其制备方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel with simple preparation process, low cost, thermal insulation and excellent hydrophobic properties and a preparation method thereof.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel material, which is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：将聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜；Step 1: electrospin the polyvinylidene fluoride spinning solution to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane;
步骤2：将步骤1所得到的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜与交联剂加入到去离子水中，超声分散，得到均匀的分散液；Step 2: adding the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and cross-linking agent obtained in step 1 into deionized water, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain a uniform dispersion;
步骤3：将步骤2所得到的分散液倒入模具中，在液氮气氛下冷冻；Step 3: Pour the dispersion obtained in Step 2 into a mold, and freeze in a liquid nitrogen atmosphere;
步骤4：将步骤3冷冻后的样品进行冷冻干燥；Step 4: freeze-dry the frozen sample in step 3;
步骤5：将步骤4干燥完全的样品进行热处理，得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶。Step 5: heat-treating the completely dried sample in step 4 to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel.
优选地，所述步骤1中聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液由聚偏氟乙烯和极性溶剂制备所得。Preferably, in the step 1, the polyvinylidene fluoride spinning solution is prepared from polyvinylidene fluoride and a polar solvent.
更优选地，所述极性溶剂为N,N–二甲基乙酰胺、N–甲基吡咯烷酮和N,N–二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种。More preferably, the polar solvent is any one of N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylformamide.
优选地，所述步骤1中聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液中聚偏氟乙烯固含量为0.1～0.2g/mL。Preferably, in the step 1, the solid content of polyvinylidene fluoride in the polyvinylidene fluoride spinning solution is 0.1-0.2 g/mL.
优选地，所述步骤1中静电纺丝的电压为15～20kv，推注速度为0.05～0.10mm/min，接收速度为65～100r/min。Preferably, in the step 1, the electrospinning voltage is 15-20 kv, the bolus injection speed is 0.05-0.10 mm/min, and the receiving speed is 65-100 r/min.
优选地，所述步骤2中交联剂为苯并噁嗪、盐酸多巴胺和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的任意一种。Preferably, in the step 2, the cross-linking agent is any one of benzoxazine, dopamine hydrochloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
优选地，所述步骤2中交联剂为苯并噁嗪，聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜与苯并噁嗪的质量比为2:1～5:1。Preferably, in the step 2, the crosslinking agent is benzoxazine, and the mass ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane to the benzoxazine is 2:1 to 5:1.
优选地，所述步骤2分散液中聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜与交联剂的总固含量为10～20mg/mL。Preferably, the total solid content of the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and the cross-linking agent in the dispersion in step 2 is 10-20 mg/mL.
优选地，所述步骤5中热处理具体为：从室温升温至175～250℃，保温1～2h，升温速率为1～3℃/min。Preferably, the heat treatment in the step 5 is as follows: the temperature is raised from room temperature to 175-250° C., the temperature is maintained for 1-2 hours, and the heating rate is 1-3° C./min.
在热处理过程中，交联剂使聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维缠结粘结到一起得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶。During the heat treatment, the cross-linking agent makes the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers entangle and bond together to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel.
本发明还提供了上述方法制备的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶材料。The present invention also provides the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel material prepared by the above method.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)本发明制备过程简单，易于操作，是一种便捷高效的制备方法。(1) The preparation process of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and is a convenient and efficient preparation method.
(2)本发明采用合适的交联剂使聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维缠结粘结到一起，从而得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶材料。(2) In the present invention, a suitable cross-linking agent is used to entangle and bond the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers together, thereby obtaining a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel material.
(3)本发明中的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶可具有疏水和保温隔热功能。(3) The polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel in the present invention can have hydrophobic and thermal insulation functions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例2聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶中纤维交联的SEM图；Fig. 1 is the SEM image of fiber crosslinking in the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel of Example 2;
图2是实施例1-4聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶的水接触角图。Figure 2 is a water contact angle diagram of the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogels of Examples 1-4.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶，其制备方法具体如下：The present embodiment provides a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:
步骤1：称取1.5g聚偏氟乙烯，加入10mLN,N–二甲基甲酰胺，在室温下搅拌2h，得到固含量为15％的聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液，然后在电压为18kv、推注速度为0.08mm/min，接收速度为90r/min条件下进行静电纺丝，得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜；Step 1: Weigh 1.5 g of polyvinylidene fluoride, add 10 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and stir at room temperature for 2 h to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride spinning solution with a solid content of 15%. Electrospinning was carried out under the condition that the bolus injection speed was 0.08 mm/min and the receiving speed was 90 r/min to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane;
步骤2：称取200mg聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜和100mg苯并噁嗪于烧杯中，加入30mL去离子水，超声分散2000w，30min得到均匀的分散液；Step 2: Weigh 200 mg of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and 100 mg of benzoxazine into a beaker, add 30 mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically disperse 2000w for 30min to obtain a uniform dispersion;
步骤3：将步骤2所得到的分散液倒入模具中，在液氮气氛下冷冻；Step 3: Pour the dispersion obtained in Step 2 into a mold, and freeze in a liquid nitrogen atmosphere;
步骤4：将步骤3冷冻后的样品放入冷冻干燥箱在-48℃干燥72h直至样品干燥完全；Step 4: Put the frozen sample in step 3 into a freeze-drying oven and dry it at -48°C for 72h until the sample is completely dried;
步骤5：将步骤4干燥完全的样品进行热处理，设置条件为从室温升温至200℃，保温2h，升温速率为2℃/min，得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比为2：1的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶，记为PVDF–NA–2–1。Step 5: Heat treatment of the completely dried sample in step 4. The setting conditions are that the temperature is raised from room temperature to 200 ° C, the temperature is kept for 2 h, and the heating rate is 2 ° C/min, and the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers to benzoxazine is 2. : 1 of the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel, denoted as PVDF–NA–2–1.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比改为3：1，即称取300mg聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜和100mg苯并噁嗪于烧杯中，加入30mL去离子水，超声分散得到均匀的分散液，其余同实施1。得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比为3：1的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶，记为PVDF–NA–3–1。The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers and benzoxazine is changed to 3:1, that is, 300 mg of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and 100 mg of benzoxazine are weighed in a beaker. , add 30 mL of deionized water, ultrasonically disperse to obtain a uniform dispersion, and the rest are the same as in implementation 1. A polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel with a mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers and benzoxazine of 3:1 was obtained, denoted as PVDF–NA–3–1.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比改为4：1，即称取400mg聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜和100mg苯并噁嗪于烧杯中，加入30mL去离子水，超声分散得到均匀的分散液，其余同实施1。得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比为4：1的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶，记为PVDF–NA–4–1。The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers and benzoxazine is changed to 4:1, that is, 400 mg of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and 100 mg of benzoxazine are weighed in a beaker. , add 30 mL of deionized water, ultrasonically disperse to obtain a uniform dispersion, and the rest are the same as in implementation 1. The polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel with a mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers and benzoxazine of 4:1 was obtained, denoted as PVDF–NA–4–1.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比改为5：1，即称取500mg聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜和100mg苯并噁嗪于烧杯中，加入30mL去离子水，超声分散得到均匀的分散液，其余同实施1。得到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维和苯并噁嗪质量比为5：1的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶，记为PVDF–NA–5–1。The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers and benzoxazine is changed to 5:1, that is, 500 mg of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane and 100 mg of benzoxazine are weighed in a beaker. , add 30 mL of deionized water, ultrasonically disperse to obtain a uniform dispersion, and the rest are the same as in implementation 1. A polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel with a mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers and benzoxazine of 5:1 was obtained, denoted as PVDF–NA–5–1.
实施例5Example 5
本实施例为对照组：在制备的过程中不加苯并噁嗪。即称取300mg聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜于烧杯中，加入30mL去离子水，超声分散得到均匀的分散液，其余同实施1，最终所制备的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶，记为PVDF。This example is a control group: no benzoxazine is added during the preparation process. That is, weigh 300 mg of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane in a beaker, add 30 mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically disperse to obtain a uniform dispersion. PVDF.
图1是实施例1聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶中纤维交联的SEM图，可以清楚地看到纤维相互交织缠结到一起。Figure 1 is a SEM image of fiber crosslinking in the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel of Example 1, and it can be clearly seen that the fibers are intertwined and entangled together.
图2是实施例1-4聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维气凝胶的水接触角图，其接触角为152°，说明该气凝胶是一种优异的疏水材料。Figure 2 is the water contact angle diagram of the polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber aerogel of Examples 1-4, and the contact angle is 152°, indicating that the aerogel is an excellent hydrophobic material.
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