A kind of charging method of lithium ion battery
Technical field
The invention belongs in lithium ion battery technology when lithium ion battery fast battery charge strategy field special protection technology
Field more particularly to a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is a kind of secondary cell (rechargeable battery), relies primarily on lithium ion and moves between a positive electrode and a negative electrode
It moves and carrys out work.In charge and discharge, Li+ insertion and deintercalation back and forth between bipolarity end: when charging, Li+ is from positive deintercalation, process
Electrolyte is embedded in cathode, and cathode is made to be in lithium-rich state;It is on the contrary when electric discharge.Lithium ion battery is held as a kind of green is clean
The continuous energy is used for electric car on a large scale.But currently, electric vehicle cruising ability becomes a big bottle of electric vehicle development
Neck, wherein the cruising ability difference of power train in vehicle application lithium ion battery and charging time be then influence electric vehicle cruising ability two it is big because
Element.
To solve commercial li-ion battery charge time length, big multiplying power persistently charges the defects of causing battery life short, with
Expand its application range, many producers are by improving the charging modes of lithium ion battery to reach above-mentioned purpose.In the prior art,
The charging modes of lithium ion battery mainly have following three kinds: big multiplying power constant-current charge, constant-current constant-voltage charging and ladder charging side
Method etc..Wherein, big multiplying power constant-current charge will lead to the battery core service life and be greatly lowered;The charging time of constant-current constant-voltage charging is long, leads
Cause charge efficiency low;Although and ladder charging modes can effectively shorten the charging time, and influence on battery life slightly small
It is some, but still there is the influence to life performance.One kind is not still found at present to be capable of fixing and the reasonable side of charging
Formula can achieve the effect that quick charge while not influencing life performance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, solves in the prior art
Lithium battery charging modes under both charge efficiency and battery life be difficult to the problem of taking into account.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides technical solution below:
A kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, including N number of charging stage are preset with respectively for each charging stage
One corresponding rate of charge, charge cutoff voltage and minimum current;
Each charging stage the following steps are included:
Constant-current charge is carried out to lithium ion battery using preset rate of charge, until the charging that voltage reaches the stage is cut
Only voltage;Constant-voltage charge is carried out using the charge cutoff voltage, until electric current reaches the minimum current in the stage;
Stop charging after repeating N number of charging stage;
In the n-th charging stage, charge cutoff voltage is equal to charging upper limit the voltage VB, minimum current I=of lithium ion
0.05C0, C0 are battery core capacity.
Optionally, in two adjacent charging stages, the constant-current charge electric current of latter charging stage is equal to previous charging rank
The minimum current of section.
Optionally, including five charging stages;Preset charge cutoff voltage packet is distinguished for five charging stages
It includes: V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5, the V5=VB;For five charging stages respectively preset rate of charge include: C1,
C2, C3, C4 and C5.
Optionally, the size relation of described C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are as follows: C1 > C2 > C3 > C4 > C5.
Optionally, the size relation of described V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5 are as follows: V1 < V2 < V3 < V4 < V5.
Optionally, the V1 is less than the critical potential of battery core analysis lithium under C1 electric current;The V2 is less than battery core under C2 electric current and analyses
The critical potential of lithium;The V3 is less than battery core under C3 electric current and analyses lithium critical potential;The V4 is less than battery core analysis lithium under C4 electric current and faces
Boundary's current potential;The V5 is less than battery core under C5 electric current and analyses lithium critical potential.
Optionally, the C1 value range are as follows: 1.2C0~1.6C0, the value range of the V1 are as follows: 3.4V~3.8V;
The C2 value range are as follows: 1.0C0~1.2C0, the value range of the V2 are as follows: 3.8V~3.9V;
The C3 value range are as follows: 0.8C0~1.2C0, the value range of the V3 are as follows: 3.9V~4.0V;
The C4 value range are as follows: 0.5C0~0.8C0, the value range of the V4 are as follows: 4.0V~4.1V;
The C5 value range are as follows: 0.33C0~0.5C0, the V5=VB=4.3V.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention provides a kind of charging methods of lithium ion battery, are carried out by optimization ladder charging modes to lithium battery
Charging, is effectively shortened the charging time of lithium battery, improves charge efficiency;In addition, ladder charging side provided by the invention
Formula reduces the influence to battery life, to extend the service life of battery while improving charge efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow diagram of the charging method of lithium ion battery provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 provides the matched curve of charging capacity and charging time in a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery for the present invention
Figure;
Fig. 3 provides the matched curve in charging time and cathode potential in a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery for the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
To enable the purpose of the present invention, feature, advantage more obvious and understandable, implement below in conjunction with the present invention
Attached drawing in example, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that reality disclosed below
Applying example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiment.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's all other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
To further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment one
In order to effectively shorten charging time of lithium ion battery, and minimize the influence to the lithium ion battery service life, mesh
Preceding main use ladder charging modes charge to lithium ion battery.Current ladder charging modes process are as follows: for completely putting
Battery core, using the first electric current constant-current charge to first voltage, then using the second electric current constant-current charge to second voltage;It repeats above-mentioned
Step, until charging to charging upper limit voltage VB, then the constant-voltage charge at voltage VB, up to electric current I=0.05C0, (C0 is battery core
Capacity).Wherein, the number of repetition of constant-current charge step can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
The ladder charging modes of the prior art improve charge efficiency, although also being controlled to a certain extent to lithium ion
The influence of battery life, but after repeatedly charge, the rate of ageing of lithium ion battery still can not be ignored.
The embodiment of the present invention is intended to provide a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, by optimizing ladder charging modes,
While the charge efficiency for further increasing lithium ion battery, aging effects of the charging process to lithium ion battery are dropped to most
It is low.
Referring to FIG. 1, the charging method of lithium ion battery provided by the invention is specific as follows: for full electric discharge core, first
Be set for battery actual capacity, each charging stage is preset with a corresponding rate of charge, charge cutoff respectively N number of charging stage
Voltage and minimum current;Stop charging after repeating N number of charging stage, that is, completes the charging to lithium ion battery.
Specifically, the charging stage specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, constant-current charge is carried out to lithium ion battery using preset rate of charge, until voltage reaches filling for the stage
Electric blanking voltage;
S2, constant-voltage charge is carried out using the charge cutoff voltage, until electric current reaches the minimum current in the stage.
Based on above-mentioned steps, the charging method of lithium ion battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention is specific as follows:
Constant-current charge is carried out to lithium ion battery using the rate of charge of preset first charging stage, until voltage reaches
The charge cutoff voltage in the stage;Constant-voltage charge is carried out using the charge cutoff voltage, until electric current reaches the minimum in the stage
Electric current.
Using default first charging stage minimum current as the second charging stage rate of charge to lithium ion battery
Constant-current charge is carried out, i.e., in two adjacent charging stages, the constant-current charge electric current of latter charging stage is equal to previous charging rank
The minimum current of section;Constant-current charge is until voltage reaches the charge cutoff voltage in the stage;Reuse the charge cutoff voltage into
Row constant-voltage charge, until electric current reaches the minimum current in the stage.
It repeats the above steps to the N charging stage;In the N charging stage, charge cutoff voltage is equal to the lithium ion
Charging upper limit voltage VB, minimum current I=0.05C0, C0 are battery core capacity;Then when completing the n-th charging stage, i.e.,
The charging complete of the lithium ion battery.
It is understood that the numerical value of the order N and rate of charge of charging stage, charge cutoff voltage and minimum current
It can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
Embodiment two
Based on embodiment one, the Optimizing Flow of the charging method for the lithium ion battery that the present embodiment two provides is specific as follows:
With the first electric current C1 to constant-current charging of battery, until voltage reaches first voltage V1, which is less than electricity under C1 electric current
The critical potential of core analysis lithium;
Keep first voltage V1 constant to battery constant-voltage charge, until electric current reaches the second electric current C2, the V2 and is less than C2
The critical potential of battery core analysis lithium under electric current;
Using the second electric current C2 to constant-current charging of battery, until voltage reaches second voltage V2;
Keep second voltage V2 constant to battery constant-voltage charge, until electric current reaches third electric current C3;
Using third electric current C3 to constant-current charging of battery, until voltage reaches tertiary voltage V3, V3 is less than electricity under C3 electric current
Core analyses lithium critical potential;
Keep tertiary voltage V3 constant to battery constant-voltage charge, until electric current reaches the 4th electric current C4;
Using the 4th electric current C4 to constant-current charging of battery, until voltage reaches the 4th voltage V4, the V4 is less than C4 electric current
Lower battery core analyses lithium critical potential;
Keep the four or three voltage V4 constant to battery constant-voltage charge, until electric current reaches the 5th electric current C5;
Using the 5th electric current C5 to constant-current charging of battery, until five voltage V5 of voltage regulation, the V5 are less than battery core under C5 electric current
Lithium critical potential is analysed, and the 5th voltage V5 is equal to charging upper limit voltage VB;
Keep charging upper limit voltage VB to battery constant-voltage charge, until stopping charging when electric current I=0.05C0;C0 is battery core
Capacity.
In above-mentioned steps, the size relation of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are as follows: C1 > C2 > C3 > C4 > C5;V1, V2, V3, V4 and
The size relation of V5 are as follows: V1 < V2 < V3 < V4 < V5.
Specifically, the value range of each voltage is arranged according to SOC state, in corresponding rate of charge and SOC state
Under, take battery core not analyse the upper voltage limit of lithium.
In Optimizing Flow provided by the present embodiment, the value range of each electric current and each voltage is as follows:
C1 value range are as follows: 1.2C0~1.6C0, the value range of the V1 are as follows: 3.4V~3.8V;The C2 value model
It encloses are as follows: 1.0C0~1.2C0, the value range of the V2 are as follows: 3.8V~3.9V;The C3 value range are as follows: 0.8C0~
1.2C0, the value range of the V3 are as follows: 3.9V~4.0V;The C4 value range are as follows: 0.5C0~0.8C0, the V4's takes
It is worth range are as follows: 4.0V~4.1V;The C5 value range are as follows: 0.33C0~0.5C0, the V5=VB=4.3V.
It is understood that above-mentioned numerical value value range is only used as a kind of embodiment of this embodiment, it can also basis
It needs to be adjusted value range, other numerical value values are within the protection scope of the present invention.
The comparison of the step of normal charge process and Optimizing Flow is as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
It charges as follows to lithium ion battery respectively, old process and Optimizing Flow data comparison result are such as
Under:
After tested, the charge efficiency comparing result of old process and Optimizing Flow is as shown in table 2:
Table 2:
In addition, the matched curve figure in charging capacity and charging time is as shown in Fig. 2, fill in old process and Optimizing Flow
The matched curve figure of electric time and cathode potential is as shown in Figure 3.
The more conventional ladder charging flow charging of charging flow after optimization can be concluded that by above-mentioned data and diagram
Time shortens, and charge efficiency is improved;And charging capacity is increased, the capacity for improving battery core plays.
Based on the various embodiments described above, the charging method of lithium ion battery provided by the invention passes through optimization ladder charging modes
It charges to lithium battery, is effectively shortened the charging time of lithium battery, improve charge efficiency, and increase charging and hold
Amount, the capacity for improving battery core play;In addition, ladder charging modes provided by the invention reduce the influence to battery life,
To extend the service life of battery while improving charge efficiency.
The above, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although referring to before
Stating embodiment, invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to preceding
Technical solution documented by each embodiment is stated to modify or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features;And these
It modifies or replaces, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.