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CN110129572B - Method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by using waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by using waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy Download PDF

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CN110129572B
CN110129572B CN201910527272.XA CN201910527272A CN110129572B CN 110129572 B CN110129572 B CN 110129572B CN 201910527272 A CN201910527272 A CN 201910527272A CN 110129572 B CN110129572 B CN 110129572B
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electrolyte
nickel
rhenium
ammonium rhenate
waste nickel
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CN110129572A (en
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郭勇
卢晓锋
李亦婧
梁晓静
王旭升
王帅
王立成
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G47/00Compounds of rhenium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/005Preliminary treatment of scrap
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B61/00Obtaining metals not elsewhere provided for in this subclass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用废旧镍基高温合金制备高纯铼酸铵的方法,是将废镍基高温合金放置于电解槽阳极的金属钛蓝中,以金属铜板作为阴极,以氯化镍和盐酸水溶液作为电解液电化学溶解合金;在电流密度为190~240A/m2,电解液温度为30~60℃下电化学反应2~5h;然后用新电解液置换电解槽内的电解液,以保持溶液中镍离子浓度小于80g/L;固液分离收集阳极泥;将阳极泥置于石英舟内,通入氧气,先于100~200℃下氧化反应1~3h;再升温至350~550℃继续氧化反应2~5 h;氧化产物用氨水收集溶解七氧化二铼,冷却后过滤分离,得到铼酸铵固体。经检测,铼酸铵产品纯度大于99.999%,铼回收率大于95.5%。The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by using waste nickel-based superalloy. The hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is used as the electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy; the current density is 190~240A/m 2 and the electrolyte temperature is 30~60℃ for 2~5h electrochemical reaction; then the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is replaced with a new electrolyte, In order to keep the nickel ion concentration in the solution less than 80g/L; solid-liquid separation to collect anode slime; put the anode slime in a quartz boat, introduce oxygen, and conduct oxidation reaction at 100~200℃ for 1~3h; then heat up to 350~ Continue the oxidation reaction at 550 °C for 2~5 h; the oxidized product is collected and dissolved with ammonia water, and the rhenium heptaoxide is dissolved. After cooling, it is filtered and separated to obtain the solid ammonium rhenate. After testing, the purity of ammonium rhenate product is greater than 99.999%, and the recovery rate of rhenium is greater than 95.5%.

Description

Method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by using waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting rhenium metal from waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy, in particular to a method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by dissolving waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy by adopting an electrochemical method, and belongs to the technical fields of metallurgy and electrochemistry.
Background
The high-temperature alloy obtains more excellent performance, and metals such as rhenium, tungsten, niobium, chromium and the like need to be added into the alloy material to enhance the comprehensive performance of the material in a high-temperature state. The added rare metal resources are limited, and most of the rare metal is a scattered metal without independent mineral resources and exists along with other mineral resources.
Rhenium is silver white metal or grey to black powder; melting Point3180 deg.C, boiling point 5627 deg.C, and relative density 20.53. Rhenium metal is very hard, wear resistant and corrosion resistant. The surface is the same as platinum, and pure rhenium is soft and has good mechanical properties. Dissolved in dilute nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide solution. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. At high temperature, combine with sulfur vapor to form rhenium sulfide ReS2. Does not react with hydrogen and nitrogen, but can absorb H2. Valency is 3, 4, 6 and 7. Can be oxidized to a very stable rhenium heptoxide Re2O7This is a particular property of rhenium. The rhenium supply is 80% from the extraction of the roasted soot collection from mining the rhenium-containing minerals, and 20% from the recycling of secondary resources. At present, the recovery method of metal rhenium mainly adopts electrochemical dissolution, high-temperature oxidation and other methods, rhenium-containing alloy processing powder is oxidized at high temperature, sublimed rhenium oxide is collected, and the recovery rate of rhenium depends on the granularity of the alloy powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by utilizing waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by utilizing waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy, which comprises the following process steps:
(1) placing the waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy in a metal titanium blue at the anode of an electrolytic cell, taking a metal copper plate as a cathode, and taking a nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy; at a current density of 190 to 240A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 2-5 h at the temperature of 30-60 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution less than 80 g/L; performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
the mass percent of rhenium in the waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy is 3-7%; the concentration of nickel ions in the electrolyte is 30-50 g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5-1 mol/L.
(2) Placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, introducing oxygen (the flow is 3000-4500 ml/min), and performing oxidation reaction for 1-3 h at 100-200 ℃; then heating to 350-550 ℃ and continuing the oxidation reaction for 2-5 h; and collecting and dissolving the oxidation product with ammonia water to obtain rhenium heptoxide, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain ammonium rhenate solid.
According to the invention, rhenium is controlled to be intensively distributed in anode mud by electrochemically dissolving the waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy, a rhenium compound in the anode mud is oxidized at a certain temperature to obtain a high-valence rhenium oxide easy to sublimate, and then the high-valence rhenium oxide is dissolved in ammonia water to prepare high-purity ammonium rhenate. The chemical reaction formula is as follows:
Re2O7 + NH3H2O → NH4ReO4
through detection, the purity of the ammonium rhenate product prepared by the method is more than 99.999 percent, and the recovery rate of rhenium is more than 95.5 percent.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing high purity ammonium rhenate and the recovery rate of rhenium according to the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
(1) 1000g of waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percent of rhenium in the alloy is 3%) is placed in a metal titanium blue of an anode, a metal copper plate is used as a cathode, nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 30g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5 mol/L.) are used as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy, and the current density is 190A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 2 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 60 percent of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution to be less than 80 g/L; performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (flow rate is 3000 ml/min), heating to 100 ℃, and reacting for 1 h; continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 350 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours; and collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain an ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.5%.
Example 2
(1) 1000g of waste are takenPlacing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percentage of rhenium in the alloy is 5%) in metal titanium blue of an anode, taking a metal copper plate as a cathode, and taking a nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 40g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.8 mol/L.) as an electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy; at a current density of 220A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 3 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 60 percent of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution less than 80g/L, and performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (3500 mL/min), heating to 150 ℃, and reacting for 2 h; continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 400 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours; and collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain an ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.7%.
Example 3
(1) 1000g of waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percent of rhenium in the alloy is 5%) is placed in metal titanium blue of an anode, a metal copper plate is used as a cathode, nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 50g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 mol/L.) are used as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy, and the current density is 220A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 4 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 80 percent of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution to be less than 80g/L, and performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (flow is 4000 mL/min), heating to 150 ℃ and reacting for 2 hours; and (3) continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 500 ℃, reacting for 2h, collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.8%.
Example 4
(1) 1000g of waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percent of rhenium in the alloy is 7%) is placed in metal titanium blue of an anode, a metal copper plate is used as a cathode, nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 40g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 mol/L.) are used as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy, and the current density is 240A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 100% of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution to be less than 80g/L, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (4500 mL/min), heating to 200 ℃ and reacting for 3 hours; continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 550 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours; and collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.9%.

Claims (3)

1.一种利用废旧镍基高温合金制备高纯铼酸铵的方法,包括以下工艺步骤:1. a method utilizing waste nickel-based superalloy to prepare high-purity ammonium rhenate, comprising the following processing steps: (1)将废镍基高温合金放置于电解槽阳极的金属钛蓝中,以金属铜板作为阴极,以氯化镍和盐酸水溶液作为电解液电化学溶解合金;在电流密度为190~240A/m2,电解液温度为30~60℃下电化学反应2~5h;然后用新电解液置换电解槽内的电解液,以保持溶液中镍离子浓度小于80g/L;固液分离收集阳极泥;电解液中,镍离子浓度为30~50g/L,盐酸浓度0.5~1mol/L;(1) The waste nickel-based superalloy is placed in the metal titanium blue of the anode of the electrolytic cell, the metal copper plate is used as the cathode, and the nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution are used as the electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy; the current density is 190~240A/m 2 , the electrolyte temperature is 30~60℃ for 2~5h electrochemical reaction; then replace the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte to keep the nickel ion concentration in the solution less than 80g/L; solid-liquid separation to collect anode slime; In the electrolyte, the nickel ion concentration is 30~50g/L, and the hydrochloric acid concentration is 0.5~1mol/L; (2)将阳极泥置于石英舟内,通入氧气,先于100~200℃下氧化反应1~3h;再升温至350~550℃继续氧化反应2~5 h;氧化产物用氨水收集溶解七氧化二铼,冷却后过滤分离,得到铼酸铵固体。(2) Place the anode slime in a quartz boat, inject oxygen, and conduct the oxidation reaction at 100~200°C for 1~3 hours; then heat up to 350~550°C and continue the oxidation reaction for 2~5 hours; the oxidation products are collected and dissolved with ammonia water Rhenium heptaoxide, filtered and separated after cooling to obtain solid ammonium rhenate. 2.如权利要求1所述一种利用废旧镍基高温合金制备高纯铼酸铵的方法,其特征在于:废镍基高温合金中铼的质量百分数为3%~7%。2. a kind of method utilizing waste nickel-based superalloy to prepare high-purity ammonium rhenate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass percent of rhenium in waste nickel-based superalloy is 3%~7%. 3.如权利要求1所述一种利用废旧镍基高温合金制备高纯铼酸铵的方法,其特征在于:通氧气流量为3000~4500 ml/min。3. a kind of method utilizing waste nickel-based superalloy to prepare high-purity ammonium rhenate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the flow rate of oxygen is 3000~4500 ml/min.
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CN111394780A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-10 中国科学院金属研究所 A device and method for electrochemically dissolving superalloy waste by ultrasonic-assisted rotating electrode
CN111286617A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-16 中国科学院金属研究所 Method for extracting ruthenium and rhenium products from superalloy waste
CN112593260B (en) * 2020-11-26 2024-07-05 金川集团股份有限公司 Method for enriching and recovering rhenium by electrolytic method

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