Background
The high-temperature alloy obtains more excellent performance, and metals such as rhenium, tungsten, niobium, chromium and the like need to be added into the alloy material to enhance the comprehensive performance of the material in a high-temperature state. The added rare metal resources are limited, and most of the rare metal is a scattered metal without independent mineral resources and exists along with other mineral resources.
Rhenium is silver white metal or grey to black powder; melting Point3180 deg.C, boiling point 5627 deg.C, and relative density 20.53. Rhenium metal is very hard, wear resistant and corrosion resistant. The surface is the same as platinum, and pure rhenium is soft and has good mechanical properties. Dissolved in dilute nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide solution. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. At high temperature, combine with sulfur vapor to form rhenium sulfide ReS2. Does not react with hydrogen and nitrogen, but can absorb H2. Valency is 3, 4, 6 and 7. Can be oxidized to a very stable rhenium heptoxide Re2O7This is a particular property of rhenium. The rhenium supply is 80% from the extraction of the roasted soot collection from mining the rhenium-containing minerals, and 20% from the recycling of secondary resources. At present, the recovery method of metal rhenium mainly adopts electrochemical dissolution, high-temperature oxidation and other methods, rhenium-containing alloy processing powder is oxidized at high temperature, sublimed rhenium oxide is collected, and the recovery rate of rhenium depends on the granularity of the alloy powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by utilizing waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity ammonium rhenate by utilizing waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy, which comprises the following process steps:
(1) placing the waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy in a metal titanium blue at the anode of an electrolytic cell, taking a metal copper plate as a cathode, and taking a nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy; at a current density of 190 to 240A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 2-5 h at the temperature of 30-60 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution less than 80 g/L; performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
the mass percent of rhenium in the waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy is 3-7%; the concentration of nickel ions in the electrolyte is 30-50 g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5-1 mol/L.
(2) Placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, introducing oxygen (the flow is 3000-4500 ml/min), and performing oxidation reaction for 1-3 h at 100-200 ℃; then heating to 350-550 ℃ and continuing the oxidation reaction for 2-5 h; and collecting and dissolving the oxidation product with ammonia water to obtain rhenium heptoxide, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain ammonium rhenate solid.
According to the invention, rhenium is controlled to be intensively distributed in anode mud by electrochemically dissolving the waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy, a rhenium compound in the anode mud is oxidized at a certain temperature to obtain a high-valence rhenium oxide easy to sublimate, and then the high-valence rhenium oxide is dissolved in ammonia water to prepare high-purity ammonium rhenate. The chemical reaction formula is as follows:
Re2O7 + NH3H2O → NH4ReO4
through detection, the purity of the ammonium rhenate product prepared by the method is more than 99.999 percent, and the recovery rate of rhenium is more than 95.5 percent.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing high purity ammonium rhenate and the recovery rate of rhenium according to the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
(1) 1000g of waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percent of rhenium in the alloy is 3%) is placed in a metal titanium blue of an anode, a metal copper plate is used as a cathode, nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 30g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5 mol/L.) are used as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy, and the current density is 190A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 2 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 60 percent of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution to be less than 80 g/L; performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (flow rate is 3000 ml/min), heating to 100 ℃, and reacting for 1 h; continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 350 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours; and collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain an ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.5%.
Example 2
(1) 1000g of waste are takenPlacing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percentage of rhenium in the alloy is 5%) in metal titanium blue of an anode, taking a metal copper plate as a cathode, and taking a nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 40g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.8 mol/L.) as an electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy; at a current density of 220A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 3 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 60 percent of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution less than 80g/L, and performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (3500 mL/min), heating to 150 ℃, and reacting for 2 h; continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 400 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours; and collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain an ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.7%.
Example 3
(1) 1000g of waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percent of rhenium in the alloy is 5%) is placed in metal titanium blue of an anode, a metal copper plate is used as a cathode, nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 50g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 mol/L.) are used as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy, and the current density is 220A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 4 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃; then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 80 percent of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution to be less than 80g/L, and performing solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (flow is 4000 mL/min), heating to 150 ℃ and reacting for 2 hours; and (3) continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 500 ℃, reacting for 2h, collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.8%.
Example 4
(1) 1000g of waste nickel-based high-temperature alloy (the mass percent of rhenium in the alloy is 7%) is placed in metal titanium blue of an anode, a metal copper plate is used as a cathode, nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (the concentration of nickel ions is 40g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 mol/L.) are used as electrolyte to electrochemically dissolve the alloy, and the current density is 240A/m2Carrying out electrochemical reaction for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, then replacing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell with new electrolyte, wherein the volume of replacement is 100% of the total volume of the solution in the electrolytic cell so as to keep the concentration of nickel ions in the solution to be less than 80g/L, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to collect anode mud;
(2) placing the anode mud in a quartz boat, horizontally placing the quartz boat in the center of a quartz tube of a tubular heating furnace, placing refractory plugs at two sides of the quartz tube, introducing oxygen (4500 mL/min), heating to 200 ℃ and reacting for 3 hours; continuously introducing oxygen, heating to 550 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours; and collecting and dissolving rhenium heptoxide by using ammonia water, cooling, filtering and separating to obtain ammonium rhenate solid.
And detecting the content of impurities in the ammonium rhenate, and calculating to obtain the product with the mass percent of 99.999%. The solid residue from the quartz boat was removed and weighed to calculate a rhenium recovery of 95.9%.