Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for obtaining an optimal operating point of a fuel cell, which can optimally consider driving power, economy and durability of the fuel cell during operation of an automobile.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for acquiring the optimal operating point of a fuel cell comprises the following steps:
step S1, constructing a power coordination distribution optimization function between the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source;
step S2: calculating the minimum value of a power coordination distribution optimization function in real time according to the health state and the discharge characteristic of the fuel cell and the charge state of the auxiliary power source, and accordingly obtaining the optimal power distribution of the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source which meets the dynamic requirement of the automobile and is optimal in input and output;
step S3: constructing a voltage-current double closed loop direct current/direct current converter;
step S4: calculating the optimal output current and the bus voltage of the fuel cell according to the optimal power distribution of the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source, and using the optimal output current and the bus voltage as reference values of voltage and current double closed-loop control;
step S5: and inputting the voltage and current double closed loop direct current/direct current converter by taking the obtained optimal output current of the fuel cell and the bus voltage as reference values, and obtaining the optimal working point of the fuel cell.
Further, the power coordination distribution optimization function comprises a power coordination distribution optimization function YchPower coordination distribution optimization function Y during discharge of auxiliary power sourcedisThe method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, PV,disThe power is required for the auxiliary power source to discharge and run; pV,chCharging the auxiliary power source with the required power for driving; pFCPower the fuel cell; t isFCOutputting current for the fuel cell; etamTo the mechanical efficiency of the drive motor; etadaDc/ac inverter efficiency; etaFCIs the energy efficiency of the fuel cell; etaddThe dc/dc converter efficiency; etachEfficiency of charging the auxiliary power source; etadisDischarge efficiency as an auxiliary power source; SOC is the state of charge of the auxiliary power source; delta PFCAnd Δ IFCRespectively representing the real-time power and the current variation of the fuel cell; delta1And delta2Is (Δ P)FC)2And (Δ I)FC)2The weighting coefficient of (2).
Further, the power coordination distribution optimization function between the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source is to calculate the power coordination distribution optimization function Y in real time according to the state of health, the discharge characteristic and the state of charge of the auxiliary power sourcech、YdisAt the corresponding fuel cell optimum power PFCAnd auxiliary power source optimizing power PauxI.e. allocating PF for the determined optimum powerC,op,Paux,op。
Further, the voltage-current double closed-loop direct current/direct current converter comprises an outer loop control and an inner loop control, wherein the outer loop determines the direct current bus voltage by controlling the output voltage of the direct current/direct current converter, and the inner loop controls the output current of the fuel cell so as to control the output power of the fuel cell and realize the control of the optimal working point of the fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can ensure that the fuel cell has enough power under the operation working condition and the driving environment at each moment, simultaneously considers the economy and the durability of the long-term operation of the fuel cell, and ensures the high-efficiency, economical and safe operation of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell optimal operating point power distribution decoupling controller of the present invention during discharge of the auxiliary power source;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell optimal operating point power distribution decoupling controller of the present invention during charging of an auxiliary power source;
in the figure: pV,disSystem power demand, H, when the auxiliary power source is in discharge modeP-state of health, V, of the fuel cellDC-output voltage, V, of a DC-DC converterDC,ref-reference value of output voltage of DC-DC converter, IFCOutput current of fuel cell (i.e. input current of DC-DC converter), IFC,refReference value of fuel cell output current (i.e. reference value of DC-DC converter input current), PFC,opOptimum fuel cell power distribution, Paux,op-optimum power distribution of auxiliary power source, ηdisIauxAuxiliary power source and its discharge efficiency, PV,chSystem for auxiliary power source in charging modeRequired power, HP-state of health, V, of the fuel cellauxAuxiliary power source charging voltage, Vaux,refAuxiliary power source charging voltage reference value, IFCOutput current of fuel cell (input current of DC-DC converter), IFC,refReference value of fuel cell output current (i.e. input current of DC-DC converter), PFC,opFuel cell optimum power distribution, Paux,op-optimal power distribution, η, of auxiliary power sourcechIaux-auxiliary power source and its charging efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for obtaining an optimal operating point of a fuel cell, including the following steps:
step S1, constructing a power coordination distribution optimization function between the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source;
step S2, calculating the minimum value of the power coordination distribution optimization function in real time according to the health state and the discharge characteristic of the fuel cell and the charge state of the auxiliary power source, and acquiring the optimal power distribution of the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source which meets the dynamic requirement of the automobile and has the optimal input-output ratio;
step S3, constructing a voltage-current double closed-loop direct current/direct current converter;
step S4, calculating the optimal output current and the bus voltage of the fuel cell as the reference value of the voltage-current double closed loop control according to the optimal power distribution of the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source;
and step S5, inputting the voltage-current double closed loop direct current/direct current converter by taking the obtained optimal output current of the fuel cell and the bus voltage as reference values, and obtaining the optimal operating point of the fuel cell.
In the embodiment, the specific function for optimizing the power coordination distribution between the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source is as follows:
(1) establishing an input-output ratio and a health status indicator function
Because frequent start-stop, power overload, heavy current change etc. can lead to automobile-used fuel cell performance to descend with higher speed, the statistical model of accumulative fuel cell input-output ratio index based on factors such as start-stop number of times, current change rate and overload power is established to this embodiment, combines fuel cell's the operating condition data, divides the operating time interval, constructs the input-output ratio function, and the modeling process is as follows:
when the fuel cell is put into use from a brand-new state to teInput-output function E in a single time interval within a time interval Δ t after the momentbIs defined as:
in the formula: pFCPower the fuel cell; j. the design is a squareeThe price of the unit electric quantity of the vehicle; xhHydrogen consumption rate for fuel cells; j. the design is a squarehIs the price per unit hydrogen amount; wconThe consumed power of the fuel cell auxiliary system; f. ofwThe maintenance cost of a single fuel cell.
Using fuel cell state of health indicator HpQuantitatively describing the state of health of the fuel cell, and setting the H when the fuel cell is freshpValue equal to "1", and H when the input-output function is 0pThe value is equal to 0, and the more the number of start-stop times of the fuel cell is, the larger the current change rate is, the larger the overload power is, the faster the health state of the fuel cell is deteriorated, so HpIs defined as:
in the formula: delta P
oThe overload capacity of the output power of the fuel cell relative to the rated power;
output current rate of change for the fuel cell; n is
osThe number of times of starting and stopping the fuel cell is set; eta
1、η
2、η
3Are respectively as
Are all positive numbers.
Input-output function E for each interval according to time interval delta tbj(j≥1,EbjFor the input-output in each time interval) and for EbjPerforming treatment of returning to '1':
obtaining relevant data in all time intervals delta t through experiments, combining the formula (2) and the formula (3), and obtaining eta by utilizing numerical fitting calculation1、η2、η3To obtain a complete expression of the state of health of the fuel cell.
Due to the fuel cell being in different states of health HpDifferent power PFCThe conversion efficiency and the output current of the fuel cell are different, so that the real-time energy conversion efficiency eta of the fuel cell under specific power requirement and health state is establishedFCAnd an output current IFCThe function of (d) is as follows:
the functional relation can determine undetermined coefficients in a mode of polynomial parameter fitting through working condition operation data of the fuel cell so as to obtain etaFCAnd IFCIs described in (1).
The input-output ratio E of the fuel cell is defined by the equation (5)ioThe input-output ratio of the fuel cell is evaluated as the ratio of the sum of the input-output from the brand-new state to the input-output for a certain period of time thereafter to the purchase cost of the fuel cell.
In the formula:Cb-the purchase cost of the fuel cell.
(2) Design of coordinated control strategy for optimizing dynamic performance and input-output ratio of fuel cell
The output/input power of the hybrid power system is comprehensively analyzed from two aspects of real-time work and economic service life cycle, so that the power requirement of the operation of the urban fuel cell is met. In the energy supply stage, the auxiliary power source supplies energy in a series connection mode, and the power fluctuation caused by the instantaneous change of the working condition in the running process of the automobile is compensated and the frequent start and stop of the fuel cell are avoided by utilizing the discharge characteristic of the auxiliary power source; in the stage of real-time braking, the auxiliary power source adopts a parallel working mode, the redundant energy generated by the fuel cell and the energy recovered by braking are stored in the auxiliary power source for energy recovery and reuse, the adverse effect of extreme working condition change on the health state of the fuel cell is eliminated, the fuel cell is ensured to work under the optimal power, the economic service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, and particularly,
according to the real-time automobile driving/braking power requirement, the maximum real-time efficiency of the whole system is ensured, the performance change of the fuel cell is considered, and a power coordination distribution optimization function y between the fuel cell and an auxiliary power source during charging and discharging of an auxiliary power source group is constructedchAnd ydisThe following were used:
in the formula, PV,disThe power is required for the auxiliary power source to discharge and run; pV,chCharging the auxiliary power source with the required power for driving; pFCPower the fuel cell; i isFCOutputting current for the fuel cell; etamTo the mechanical efficiency of the drive motor; etadaDc/ac inverter efficiency; etaFCIs the energy efficiency of the fuel cell; etaddThe dc/dc converter efficiency; etachEfficiency of charging the auxiliary power source; etadisDischarge efficiency as an auxiliary power source; SOC is the state of charge of the auxiliary power source; delta PFCAnd Δ IFCThe real-time power and the current variation of the fuel cell are respectively; delta1And delta2Is (Δ P)FC)2And (Δ I)FC)2The weighting coefficient of (2).
Further, the power coordination distribution optimization function between the fuel cell and the auxiliary power source is to calculate the power coordination distribution optimization function Y in real time according to the state of health, the discharge characteristic and the state of charge of the auxiliary power sourcech、YdisAt the corresponding fuel cell optimum power PFCAnd auxiliary power source optimizing power PauxI.e. the determined optimum power allocation PFC,op,Paux,op。
In this implementation, the design of the optimal operating point power distribution decoupling controller is specifically as follows:
in order to realize the control of the optimal power point distribution strategy in (2), as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the optimal operating point power distribution decoupling controller is designed in the present embodiment, and the voltage-current double closed-loop dc/dc converter power distribution control is adopted to decouple and track the control power reference value.
As shown in fig. 2, when the auxiliary power source group is in the discharge mode to compensate the power supplied from the fuel cell, the inside of the auxiliary power source takes a series configuration. Coordinating and distributing optimization function y according to power between fuel cell and auxiliary power sourcedisThe distribution of the drive demand power between the auxiliary power source and the fuel cell is determined. The outer ring adopts voltage control to control the output voltage of the DC/DC converter, and the output voltage reference value of the DC/DC converter is determined according to the open-circuit voltage of the auxiliary power source of the internal series structure; the inner ring adopts current control to control the output current of the fuel cell, and the reference value of the optimal output current of the fuel cell can be obtained by calculation according to the optimal power reference value distributed by the fuel cell and the health state of the fuel cell in the formula (4), thereby realizing the control of the optimal working point of the fuel cellAnd (5) preparing.
As shown in fig. 3, when the auxiliary power source is in a charging mode to recover braking energy or surplus energy generated by the fuel cell to maintain optimal power, the auxiliary power source adopts a parallel configuration. Coordinating and distributing optimization function y according to power between fuel cell and auxiliary power sourcechThe distribution of the drive demand power between the auxiliary power source and the fuel cell is determined. The outer ring is controlled by voltage to control the output voltage of the DC/DC converter, and the output voltage reference value of the DC/DC converter is determined according to the open-circuit voltage of the auxiliary power source with an internal parallel structure; the inner ring adopts current control to control the optimal output current of the fuel cell, and the optimal output current reference value of the fuel cell can be obtained by calculation according to the optimal power reference value distributed by the fuel cell and the health state of the fuel cell in the formula (4), thereby realizing the control of the optimal working point of the fuel cell.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.