CN110064303A - Based on the supercritical carbon dioxide desulfurization integrated device and method of power generation peculiar to vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated device and method for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide, belonging to the fields of new energy and energy conservation and emission reduction. The system mainly includes supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tanks, solid fuel (such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc.) storage tanks, chemical reactors, heat exchangers, turbines, carbon dioxide exhaust gas storage tanks, seawater storage tanks and desulfurization towers . It is characterized in that: by virtue of the supercritical characteristics of carbon dioxide and high energy storage density, the volume of the generator set in the ship is reduced; the solid fuel is used to react with seawater energy, and a large amount of thermal energy is released, thereby preheating the supercritical carbon dioxide to drive the turbine to do work; The products of the chemical reaction can also be subjected to desulfurization treatment for diesel engine flue gas in the desulfurization tower; since the compressor does not need to run all the time, it only needs to install small wind power generation equipment on the ship to meet its power demand. This system combines the onboard power generation equipment and desulfurization equipment to reduce pollutant emissions and has good environmental protection and energy saving effects.

Description

Integrated equipment and method for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide

technical field

The invention discloses an integrated device and method for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide, belonging to the fields of new energy and energy conservation and emission reduction.

Background technique

The ship's existing power generation equipment and flue gas desulfurization equipment are separate. The source of power on the ship is: the generator is installed coaxially with the crankshaft of the diesel engine, and the rotor of the generator is driven by the rotation of the diesel engine. With the help of the principle of electromagnetic induction, the generator will output the induced electromotive force, and the current can be generated through the closed load loop. Therefore, the marine diesel engine needs to increase the fuel consumption to ensure the output of constant power to maintain the speed of the ship, and at the same time input the extra power into the generator to generate electricity.

A large amount of SO _X emissions will cause damage to the ecological environment and severe acid rain. In the exhaust gas of marine gas turbines, the SO ₂ and SO ₃ contents are 95% and 5%, respectively, all of which come from the combustion of sulfur in fossil fuels. According to the MARPOL Convention, when a ship travels to the emission limit area, it is necessary to reduce the SO _X emission to a certain level, otherwise it is forbidden to enter the area for operation. Flue gas desulfurization can be divided into wet flue gas desulfurization, dry flue gas desulfurization and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization.

Carbon dioxide is non-toxic, has good physical and chemical properties, the proportion in air is 0.3%, and the critical temperature is as low as Tc=31.1℃, and the critical pressure is moderate as 7.38*10 ⁶ Pa. When carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state, it has the dual characteristics of gas and liquid, the density is similar to that of liquid (about 200-800 times the density of air), and the viscosity and diffusion coefficient are close to that of gas (about 100 times that of liquid). Good fluidity and transfer characteristics. In addition, its energy storage density is about 2 times higher than that of air with the same parameters.

Wind power generation has the characteristics of intermittency and volatility, and there are disadvantages such as difficult access and difficult control when generating electricity into the grid, which will adversely affect the power quality and reliability of the input electrical appliances.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides an integrated equipment and method for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide. Utilizing the advantages of supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage potential, the reaction of metal oxides and water will release a large amount of heat and reaction products, wet flue gas desulfurization can be realized, and the power generation and desulfurization equipment in the ship are integrated, reducing the volume of necessary equipment in the ship , saving the fuel consumption of the diesel engine. At the same time, it also easily copes with the intermittent and fluctuating wind power generation, which is very environmentally friendly.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an integrated equipment for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide, which is characterized in that: the system includes a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, a chemical reaction working medium supply unit, and a flue gas desulfurization unit. unit and a wind power generation compression unit; the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit includes a supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank, a heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator and a carbon dioxide exhaust gas storage tank; the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank gas outlet passes through the supercritical carbon dioxide supply. The electric switch valve of the gas section is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger; the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the turbine through the pipeline; the outlet of the turbine is connected with the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank, which has achieved the purpose of recovering the working fluid; the turbine is connected with the generator through the bearing, Drive it to run and supply power to the electrical equipment of the ship; the chemical reaction working medium supply unit includes a solid fuel storage tank, a seawater storage tank and a chemical reactor; the above heat exchanger is embedded in the chemical reactor; the upper part of the chemical reactor contains The solid fuel inlet, seawater inlet, and a desulfurization liquid discharge port at the bottom; the outlet of the solid fuel storage tank is connected to the solid fuel inlet of the chemical reactor through the electric switch valve of the fuel supply section and the check valve of the fuel supply section provided on the connecting pipeline. It is connected to provide solid reactants for chemical reaction; the water outlet of seawater reservoir is connected to the seawater inlet on the upper right side of the chemical reactor through the electric switch valve of the water supply section, the water pump of the water supply section and the check valve of the water supply section in turn to provide liquid reactants for the chemical reaction. ; The flue gas desulfurization unit includes the above-mentioned chemical reactor, a flue gas regenerator, a desulfurization tower and a spray; the flue gas regenerator is set up on the pipeline connecting the outlet of the heat exchanger with the inlet of the turbine; the flue gas The regenerator has four ports, the top port is the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet, the bottom port is the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet, the right port is the high temperature diesel engine flue gas inlet, and the left port is the low temperature diesel engine flue gas outlet; the top port is replaced by a pipe. The outlet of the heater is connected, the bottom port is connected to the turbine inlet through a pipeline, and the right port is connected to the exhaust port of the diesel engine through a pipeline; the spray is located in the upper part of the desulfurization tower; the bottom of the desulfurization tower has a flue gas split discharge pipeline, which is reheated with the flue gas through the pipeline. In the flue gas regenerator, the diesel engine flue gas exhaust gas transfers heat to the preheated supercritical carbon dioxide in the form of countercurrent heat exchange, and the secondary heating The working fluid then drives the turbine to generate power; the chemical reactor passes through the electric switch valve of the desulfurization liquid supply section, the water pump of the desulfurization liquid supply section and the check valve of the desulfurization liquid supply section in turn, and then is connected with the spray, and the desulfurization liquid is sprayed into the tower, to Absorb SO _x in the flue gas; the wind power generation compression unit includes the above-mentioned supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank, the above-mentioned carbon dioxide exhaust gas storage tank and a compressor. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank through the electric switch valve of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage section provided on the connecting pipeline; the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank is connected to the compressor inlet through the electric switch valve of the intake section of the compressor.

The supercritical carbon dioxide marine power generation and desulfurization integrated equipment is characterized in that the chemical reactor utilizes solid fuels (such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc.) to react with seawater and release a large amount of heat, and the heat is introduced into The heat exchanger is then preheated by passing the working fluid from the supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank stream through an internal coil.

The supercritical carbon dioxide marine power generation and desulfurization integrated equipment is characterized in that the compressor is driven by a small wind turbine on board. The wind turbine converts intermittent and fluctuating clean and renewable energy (wind energy) into electrical energy to compress the recovered working fluid and realize the purpose of recycling and reuse.

The method based on the integrated equipment for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide is characterized in that it includes the following process: in the initial stage of equipment startup, open an electric switch valve of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section, an electric switch valve of the fuel supply section, and an electric switch valve of the water supply section. The on-off valve and the water pump in the water supply section, the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage tank flows through the check valve in the fuel supply section and then enters the chemical reactor, and undergoes an exothermic reaction with the seawater from the sea reservoir through the check valve in the water supply section. The supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flows out from the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank corresponding to the above-mentioned opened electric switch valve, and enters the coil inside the heat exchanger to absorb heat for preheating. When the reaction is stable, open the electric switch valve of the desulfurization liquid supply section. Under the action of the water pump in the desulfurization liquid supply section, the chemical reaction product passes through the check valve of the desulfurization liquid supply section, and is sprayed from the spray in the desulfurization tower. perform desulfurization. The flue gas enters the tube bundle in the regenerator from the right port of the flue gas regenerator, and releases heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide flowing in from the top port of the flue gas regenerator in the form of countercurrent, and then flows out from the left port, passing through After the pipeline is divided, it is discharged into the desulfurization tower, fully contacted with the desulfurization liquid sprayed from the spray, reacts, absorbs SO _x , and finally discharges into the atmosphere. The insoluble solid product after absorbing _SOx is stored at the bottom of the desulfurization tower in the form of a liquid-solid mixture along with excess liquid. The supercritical carbon dioxide after secondary heating flows out from the bottom port of the flue gas regenerator, enters the turbine, pushes it to do work, drives the generator to generate electricity through the bearing, and the gas after the work is discharged into the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank as a supercritical carbon dioxide When the gas in the gas storage tank is used up, close the corresponding electric switch valve of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section, and open another electric switch valve of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section to keep the system running. When the wind at the position of the ship is stable and the wind speed is sufficient to generate electricity, open the electric switch valve of the compressor inlet section and the electric switch valve of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage section corresponding to the air storage tank. Carbon dioxide exhausts the gas flowing out of the storage tank, and stores it back to the air storage tank to realize recycling.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 System diagram of integrated equipment for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide;

Label name in the figure: 1- supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank; 2- electric switch valve of supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section; 3- heat exchanger; 4- chemical reactor; 5- flue gas regenerator; 6- turbine; 7-generator; 8-carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank; 9-solid fuel storage tank; 10-electric switch valve of fuel supply section; 11-check valve of fuel supply section; 12-sea water reservoir; 13-water supply section Electric switch valve; 14-water pump in water supply section; 15-check valve in water supply section; 16-electrical switch valve in desulfurization liquid supply section; 17-desulfurization liquid supply section water pump; 18-desulfurization liquid supply section check valve; 19-desulfurization tower ;20-spray;21-electrical switch valve of compressor inlet section;22-compressor;23-electrical switch valve of supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage section

Specific implementation method

FIG. 1 is an integrated equipment for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide proposed by the present invention, and the working process of the equipment is described below with reference to FIG. 1 .

In the initial stage of equipment startup, open a supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section electric switch valve 2, fuel supply section electric switch valve 10, water supply section electric switch valve 13 and water supply section water pump 14, the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage tank 9 flows through the fuel After the check valve 11 in the supply section enters the chemical reactor 4, an exothermic reaction occurs with the seawater from the sea reservoir 12 through the check valve 15 in the water supply section. The supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flows out from the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank 1 corresponding to the opened electric switch valve, and enters the coil inside the heat exchanger 3 to absorb heat for preheating.

When the reaction is stable, the electric switch valve 16 of the desulfurization liquid supply section is opened, and under the action of the water pump 17 of the desulfurization liquid supply section, the chemical reaction product passes through the check valve 18 of the desulfurization liquid supply section, and is sprayed from the spray 20 in the desulfurization tower 19. , desulfurization of diesel engine flue gas. The flue gas enters the tube bundle in the regenerator from the right port of the flue gas regenerator 5, and releases heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide flowing in from the top port of the flue gas regenerator 5 in the form of countercurrent, and then flows out from the left port , and then after being divided by the pipeline, it is discharged into the desulfurization tower 19, fully contacted with the desulfurization liquid sprayed from the spray 20, reacts, absorbs _SOx , and finally discharges into the atmosphere. The insoluble liquid-soluble solid product after absorbing _SOx is stored at the bottom of the desulfurization tower 19 in the form of a liquid-solid mixture along with excess liquid.

The supercritical carbon dioxide after secondary heating flows out from the bottom port of the flue gas regenerator 5 and enters the turbine 6 to push it to do work, and drives the generator 7 to generate electricity through the bearing, and the gas after the work is discharged into the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank 8. When the gas in one supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank 1 is used up, close the corresponding electric switch valve 2 of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section, and open another electric switch valve 2 of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section, so that the system continues to operate.

When the wind at the location of the ship is stable and the wind speed is sufficient to generate electricity, open the electric switch valve 21 of the compressor inlet section and the electric switch valve 23 of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage section corresponding to the air storage tank, and the compressor 22 is driven by the small wind turbine. Next, the gas flowing out of the exhaust storage tank 9 is compressed by carbon dioxide, and stored back into the air storage tank to realize recycling.

Claims (3)

1. based on supercritical carbon dioxide marine power generation desulfurization integrated equipment, it is characterized in that: this system comprises supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, chemical reaction working fluid supply unit, flue gas desulfurization unit and wind power generation compression unit; The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit comprises a supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank (1), a heat exchanger (3), a turbine (6), a generator (7) and a carbon dioxide exhaust gas storage tank (8); the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank (8) The gas outlet of the tank (1) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchanger (3) through the electric switch valve (2) of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section; the outlet of the heat exchanger (3) is communicated with the inlet of the turbine (6) through a pipeline; the turbine (6) ) The outlet is connected with the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank (8); the turbine (6) is connected with the generator (7) through the bearing; The chemical reaction working medium supply unit includes a solid fuel storage tank (9), a seawater storage tank (12) and a chemical reactor (4); the heat exchanger (3) is embedded inside the chemical reactor (4); The upper part of the chemical reactor (4) includes a solid fuel inlet, a seawater inlet, and a desulfurization liquid discharge outlet at the bottom; the outlet of the solid fuel storage tank (9) is connected through the fuel supply section electric switch valve (10) and The check valve (11) of the fuel supply section is connected to the solid fuel inlet of the chemical reactor (4); the water outlet of the seawater reservoir (12) passes through the electric switch valve (13) of the water supply section, the water pump (14) of the water supply section and the water supply section in turn. The section check valve (15) is connected to the seawater inlet on the upper right side of the chemical reactor (4); The flue gas desulfurization unit includes the above-mentioned chemical reactor (4), a flue gas regenerator (5), a desulfurization tower (19) and a spray (20); the flue gas regenerator (5) is set up in the heat exchange The flue gas regenerator (5) has four ports, the top port is the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet, the bottom port is the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet, and the right port It is the high temperature diesel engine flue gas inlet, the left port is the low temperature diesel engine flue gas outlet; the top port is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger (3) through a pipeline, the bottom port is connected to the turbine (6) inlet through a pipeline, and the right port is connected to the diesel engine through a pipeline. The exhaust gas discharge port is connected; the spray (20) is located at the upper part of the desulfurization tower (19); the bottom of the desulfurization tower (19) is provided with a flue gas split discharge pipeline, which is connected to the left port of the flue gas regenerator (5) through the pipeline; chemical reactor (4) Passing through the electric on-off valve (16) of the desulfurization liquid supply section, the water pump (17) of the desulfurization liquid supply section and the check valve (18) of the desulfurization liquid supply section in sequence, and then connected to the spray (20); The wind power generation compression unit comprises the above-mentioned supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank (1), the above-mentioned carbon dioxide exhaust gas storage tank (8) and a compressor (22); The electric switch valve (23) of the gas storage section is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank (1); the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank (8) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (22) through the electric switch valve (21) of the compressor inlet section. 2 . The integrated equipment for marine power generation and desulfurization based on supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , wherein the compressor ( 22 ) is driven by a small wind turbine on board. 3 . 3. the method based on supercritical carbon dioxide marine power generation desulfurization integrated equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises following process: In the initial stage of equipment startup, open a supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section electric switch valve (2), fuel supply section electric switch valve (10), water supply section electric switch valve (13) and water supply section water pump (14), solid fuel storage tank The solid fuel in (9) flows through the fuel supply section check valve (11) and enters the chemical reactor (4), where it is discharged with the seawater from the sea reservoir (12) through the water supply section check valve (15). Thermal reaction; the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flows out from the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank (1) corresponding to the above-mentioned opened electric switch valve, and enters the coil inside the heat exchanger (3) to absorb heat for preheating; When the reaction is stable, open the electric switch valve (16) of the desulfurization liquid supply section, under the action of the desulfurization liquid supply section water pump (17), the chemical reaction product passes through the desulfurization liquid supply section check valve (18), from the desulfurization tower (19) The spray (20) in the ) is sprayed out to desulfurize the diesel engine flue gas; the flue gas enters the tube bundle in the regenerator from the right port of the flue gas regenerator (5), and releases heat in the form of countercurrent to the The supercritical carbon dioxide that flows into the top port of the flue gas regenerator (5), then flows out from the left port, and after being divided by the pipeline, is discharged into the desulfurization tower (19), and is fully compatible with the desulfurization liquid sprayed from the spray (20). contact, react, absorb SO _x , and finally discharge into the atmosphere; the insoluble liquid-soluble solid product after absorbing SO _x is stored at the bottom of the desulfurization tower (19) in the form of a liquid-solid mixture along with excess liquid; The supercritical carbon dioxide after secondary heating flows out from the bottom port of the flue gas regenerator (5), enters the turbine (6), pushes it to do work, and drives the generator (7) to generate electricity through the bearing, and the gas after the work is discharged into carbon dioxide Exhaust Storage Tanks (8) When the gas in a supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage tank (1) is used up, close the corresponding electric switch valve (2) of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section, and open another electric switch valve (2) of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas supply section. keep the system running; When the wind at the position of the ship is stable and the wind speed is sufficient to generate electricity, open the electric switch valve (21) of the compressor inlet section and the electric switch valve (23) of the supercritical carbon dioxide gas storage section corresponding to the air storage tank, and the compressor (22) is in Driven by the small wind turbine, the gas flowing out of the carbon dioxide exhaust storage tank (9) is compressed, and stored back into the air storage tank to realize recycling.